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Arbon is a historic town and a municipality and district capital of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Key Information

Arbon is located on the southern shore of Lake Constance, on a railway line between Konstanz/Romanshorn and Rorschach/Chur, or St. Gallen, respectively.

It is the site of prehistoric settlements reaching back 6500 years. Elements of the castle on the peninsula were part of a Late Roman defensive fortification that developed into a medieval town in the first half of the thirteenth century.[1]

The official language of Arbon is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Geography

[edit]

Arbon is situated on a peninsula on the southwest shore of Lake Constance between Romanshorn and Rorschach. On the south, the municipality borders the canton of St. Gallen. St. Gallen is the nearest larger city.

The surrounding hills are remaining moraines of the Rhine glacier that existed in prehistoric times.

The surrounding municipalities are (counter-clockwise from the north): Egnach, Roggwil, Berg, Steinach, and Horn. Lake Constance forms the municipality boundary on the northeast and east.

Arbon has an area, as of 2009, of 5.94 square kilometers (2.29 sq mi). Of this area, 2.23 km2 (0.86 sq mi) or 37.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.32 km2 (0.12 sq mi) or 5.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3.31 km2 (1.28 sq mi) or 55.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.04 km2 (9.9 acres) or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and 0.03 km2 (7.4 acres) or 0.5% is unproductive land.[2]

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 27.8% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 9.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 5.4% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 11.1%. Out of the forested land, 2.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 29.3% is used for growing crops, while 8.2% is used for orchards or vine crops.[2]

Although Arbon has an area of only 5.9 km2, it is divided into six neighborhoods. The Altstadt is in the center and has the typical medieval buildings and narrow streets. Efforts have been made in recent years to reduce automobile traffic in the center. Bergli is named after the hill on which it lies. The southern part of Arbon started as a working-class neighborhood during industrialization. It includes the neighborhoods of Neustadt, Bleiche, and Stacherholz. This industrial area has a limit placed on new development.

Stachen and Frasnacht are independent parts of the municipality that were incorporated in 1998. Stachen and Arbon have grown together, but there is still a rural stretch between Frasnacht and the other two.

Climate

[edit]
Lake Constance

Lake Constance assures that the climate in Arbon is mild, both summer and winter.

The warm winds from the west bring heavy rainfall as they meet the dry, cold, continental winds from the northeast. The warm Föhn that comes over the Alps from the south is felt as far as Arbon.

Storm on Lake Constance

In the summer, warm electrical storms are common. Arbon has a storm warning system for boats on Lake Constance and works closely with neighboring towns.

Average January temperatures lie between −2 and 0 °C (28 and 32 °F). Average July temperatures range from 15 to 18 °C (59 to 64 °F). Average annual precipitation is between 80 and 100 cm.

View from Arbon to the Lake of Constance

The prevailing winds make Lake Constance a favorite for sailing and wind surfing.

In the winter, ponds and the lake slowly freeze. In 1963, Lake Constance froze over, something that only happens about every 100 years.

The big freeze

History

[edit]

The shores of Lake Constance near Arbon have been inhabited since the Stone Age. Archaeological digs in 1885 and 1944 have uncovered stilt houses from the Stone and Bronze Ages. At first, it was assumed that these were built over water, since they were raised on stilts. However, it is now known that they were on the shore and were built in this fashion because the ground was swampy.

During Roman times, Bergli was probably a Roman fort. The raised situation and view over the lake were strategically important. Since 1957, regular excavations have shown the remains of late Roman fortifications. The Latin name of Arbon, Arbor Felix (meaning happy tree), first appears in around 280[3] and is mentioned in the Itinerarium Antonini in 300.

According to the chronicles of Ammianus Marcellinus, the emperor Gratian passed by Arbon in 378 as he hurried to join his uncle Valens, who was marching to confront the Goths at Battle of Adrianople.[4]

Aerial view from 250 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1925)

In the 8th century, the area became part of the territory of the Franks.

In 610, Irish monks who were followers of Columban of Luxeuil settled in Arbon. They found a small Christian settlement called Castrum there. One of these monks was St. Gallus, the founder of the monastery of St. Gallen. He died in 627 in Arbon. In 720, a fortification on the site of the present castle was built by a Frankish troop. The foundations of this early fortress remain. The first written mention of Arbon is in "Itinerarium Antonini" of 771 where it is mentioned as in pago Arbonense.[3]

Arbon, along with most of the southern shore of Lake Constance belonged to Prince-Bishopric of Constance. In 1255, Bishop Eberhard von Waldburg gave Arbon a dispensation for market rights in the area and built the city wall. That century saw an influx of inhabitants from the surrounding farms. From 1262 to 1264, and again in 1266, the young duke of Swabia, Conradin of Hohenstaufen, resided in Arbon because the Bishop of Constance was his guardian. The surrounding towns of Steinach, Mörschwil, Horn, Goldach, Egnach, Roggwil, and Steinebrunn all belonged to the parish of Arbon.

18th century map showing Arbon as part of the Prince-Bishopric of Constance

The 14th century saw further growth. Linen production and other crafts developed. Between 1322 and 1334, Bishop Rudolf von Montfort rebuilt the crumbling fortress. A fire of unknown cause in 1390 destroyed much of the Altstadt. A second fire in 1494 was set by the sons of a hanged thief.

When Thurgau was conquered by the Swiss Eidgenossen in 1460, the Bishops of Constance retained Arbon. However, in the Swabian War of 1499, they lost civil rights over the territory, retaining only ecclesiastical supremacy. Arbon then became part of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

The castle of Arbon in its present form was built in 1515 by Bishop Hugo von Hohenlandenberg. The tower is older and dates to 993.

Castle of Arbon

In 1525, the first stirrings of the Reformation reached Arbon. In 1537, the reformed congregation was forced to return the church of St. Martin to the Catholic Church and meet in the chapel in Erdhausen, although only a small minority of the population remained Catholic. Religious conflict continued until the 18th century. In 1712, Thurgau declared equality for the various faiths.

St. Martin Church and the harbor

In the 18th century, the linen and embroidery industry was established in Arbon. The industrialists built attractive villas in the area, such as the «Rotes Haus» built in 1750.

Rotes Haus built in 1750
"Ochsen" built in 1718

In 1798, Thurgau was occupied by French troops, along with much of the rest of Switzerland. The adoption of the Swiss constitution ended Arbon's dependence on the Bishops of Constance. The Bishop's representative, Franz Xaver Wirz von Rudenz, was forced to leave the city. In 1803, Arbon became part of the new canton of Thurgau. From 1803 to 1815, Arbon and Horn (an exclave in the canton of St. Gallen) were united in one municipality.

In the 19th century, Arbon developed into an economic and manufacturing center. This occurred primarily because of the pioneering efforts of industrialist Franz Saurer, who moved his foundry from St. Gallen to Arbon in 1863. Starting in 1888, his factory built all kinds of machinery and motors. Until 1983, the Adolph Saurer AG factory produced trucks and buses, and until 1986 military vehicles. Today, the factory produces only textile machinery. At its high point, the factory employed 5000 workers. The population grew from 660 in 1844 to over 10,000 at the turn of the century.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, Arbon has had a large non-Swiss minority. Tensions between ethnic groups led to riots with several fatalities in 1902.

In 1911, Arbon was the site of the International Socialist Congress. From the 1920s to the 1950s, the Social Democratic majority held power in the city, and it was known as red Arbon.

Population

[edit]

Between 1860 and 1910, the population grew extensively because of industrialization. Arbon became the biggest city in the canton of Thurgau. During World War II, the population shrank due to the proximity of Germany (just across Lake Constance) and flight from the frontiers. However, after the war, the population returned.

Today, because of the addition of Frasnacht, Stachen, Kratzern, Speiserlehn, and Fetzisloh, the population is 14,950 as of December 2020.[5] As of 2008, 28.9% of the population are foreign nationals.[6] Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 0.7%. As of 2000, most of the population speaks German (84.5%), with Italian being second most common (4.0%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (2.9%).[7] Arbon is now the third-largest city in the canton, after Frauenfeld and Kreuzlingen.

The historical population is given in the following table:[3]

year population
(Municipality) 		population
(Bürgergemeinde)
1824 645
1850 927
1870 1,919 1,396
1888 3,073 2,500
1910 10,299 9,598
1941 8,570 7,897
1970 13,122 12,227
1990 12,415 11,043

Religion

[edit]

Like many places in the canton of Thurgau, Arbon is divided between Lutheran/Reformed and Catholic. St. Martin is Catholic, as is the nearby Gallus Chapel. Bergli has a Lutheran church, and Freikirchen a Methodist one. Recently, there has been an influx of Moslems from the Balkans, particularly from Kosovo.

From the 2000 census, 5,090 or 39.4% were Roman Catholic, while 4,176 or 32.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 8 Old Catholics (or about 0.06% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland there are 371 individuals (or about 2.87% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 449 individuals (or about 3.48% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 1,167 (or about 9.04% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 104 individuals (or about 0.81% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 941 (or about 7.29% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 599 individuals (or about 4.64% of the population) did not answer the question.[8]

Demographics

[edit]

As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. The population was made up of 4,572 Swiss men (34.1% of the population), and 2,091 (15.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 4,977 Swiss women (37.1%), and 1,787 (13.3%) non-Swiss women.[6]

In 2008 there were 74 live births to Swiss citizens and 33 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 131 deaths of Swiss citizens and 10 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 57 while the foreign population increased by 23. There was 1 Swiss man, 2 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 128 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 95 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was an increase of 16 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 170 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.4%.[6]

The age distribution, as of 2009, in Arbon is; 1,215 children or 9.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,501 teenagers or 11.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,783 people or 13.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,708 people or 12.7% are between 30 and 39, 2,224 people or 16.6% are between 40 and 49, and 1,690 people or 12.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 1,476 people or 11.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1,080 people or 8.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 625 people or 4.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 128 people or 1.0% who are 90 and older.[9]

As of 2000 the average number of residents per living room was 0.57 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.56 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m2 (43 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics.[10]

About 26% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement).[11] As of 2000, there were 5,678 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household.[7] In 2000 there were 931 single family homes (or 56.6% of the total) out of a total of 1,646 inhabited buildings. There were 135 two family buildings (8.2%), 147 three family buildings (8.9%) and 433 multi-family buildings (or 26.3%).[12] There were 3,250 (or 25.2%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 6,146 (or 47.6%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 857 (or 6.6%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 87 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 61 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 92 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 351 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.[13]

The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 1.73%. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units was 1.3 new units per 1000 residents.[7] In 2000 there were 6,400 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 2,164. There were 267 single room apartments and 485 apartments with six or more rooms.[14] As of 2000 the average price to rent an average apartment in Arbon was 979.90 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$780, £440, €630 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 490.98 CHF (US$390, £220, €310), a two-room apartment was about 729.51 CHF (US$580, £330, €470), a three-room apartment was about 897.10 CHF (US$720, £400, €570) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1453.57 CHF (US$1160, £650, €930). The average apartment price in Arbon was 87.8% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[15]

Education

[edit]

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Arbon about 76.1% of the population (between age 25 and 64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[7]

Arbon is home to the Arbon primary school district. It is also home to the Arbon secondary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there are 884 students in the primary school district. There are 203 children in the kindergarten, and the average class size is 18.45 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 89 or 43.8% are female, 83 or 40.9% are not Swiss citizens and 16 or 7.9% do not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and lasts for 6 years. There are 356 children in who are at the lower primary level and 325 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school is 21.17 students. At the lower primary level, there are 167 children or 46.9% of the total population who are female, 146 or 41.0% are not Swiss citizens and 4 or 1.1% do not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there are 148 or 45.5% who are female, 126 or 38.8% are not Swiss citizens and 3 or 0.9% do not speak German natively.

In the secondary school district there are 585 students. At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. There are 299 teenagers who are in the advanced school, of which 154 or 51.5% are female, 45 or 15.1% are not Swiss citizens and 8 or 2.7% do not speak German natively. There are 262 teenagers who are in the standard school, of which 124 or 47.3% are female, 112 or 42.7% are not Swiss citizens and 21 or 8.0% do not speak German natively. Finally, there are 24 teenagers who are in special or remedial classes, of which 11 or 45.8% are female, 11 or 45.8% are not Swiss citizens and 4 or 16.7% do not speak German natively. The average class size for all classes at the secondary level is 20.04 students.[16]

Arbon is home to the Stadtbibliothek Arbon library. The library has (as of 2008) 1,026 books or other media, and loaned out 56,588 items in the same year. It was open a total of 250 days with average of 14.5 hours per week during that year.[17]

Economy

[edit]

As of  2007, Arbon had an unemployment rate of 2.97%. As of 2005, there were 75 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector. 2,458 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 127 businesses in this sector. 3,026 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 480 businesses in this sector.[7] In 2000 there were 8,320 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 3,313 or about 39.8% of the residents worked outside Arbon while 3,266 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 8,273 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality.[18] Of the working population, 11.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 48% used a private car.[7]

Government

[edit]
The Stadtparlament of Arbon for the mandate period of 2015–2019
  1. SP (26.7%)
  2. EVP (6.70%)
  3. CVP (20.0%)
  4. FDP (23.3%)
  5. SVP (20.0%)
  6. XMV (3.30%)

In addition to the Town Council (German: Stadtrat) of five members (Stadtrat/Stadträtin), Arbon has a 30-member city parliament (Stadtparlament). The mayor of the (Stadtpräsident/Stadtammann) of the mandate period (Legislatur) 2015-2019 is Andreas Balg (FDP).

The last election of the Town Parliament was held on 8 March 2015 for the mandate period of 2015–2019. Currently the Town Parliament consist of 8 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP), 7 members of The Liberals (FDP), 6 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP), 6 Swiss People's Party (SVP), 2 Evangelical People's Party (EVP), and 1 member of the Xsunder Menschen Verstand (XMV).[19]

Transportation

[edit]

Since 1993, Arbon has had an entrance to the A1 motorway. This gives easy access to St. Gallen and Zürich. Before, there was only a curvy cantonal road.

Arbon is also on the Lake Line to Rorschach, Romanshorn, and Kreuzlingen and has two stations: Arbon and Arbon Seemoosriet. Two bus lines serve traffic to Amriswil and St. Gallen.

Heritage sites of national significance

[edit]

The Bleiche (a prehistoric lake-shore settlement), the Gallus Chapel, the Catholic Church of St Martin, Arbon Castle and Historical Museum and the Late-Roman Fortress are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire city of Arbon is an ISOS city, as is the hamlet of Kratzern.[20]

The Bleiche 2-3 sites are prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements which are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.[21]

  • Arbon Castle
    Arbon Castle
  • Church of St. Martin
    Church of St. Martin
  • Ruins of the Roman Castle
    Ruins of the Roman Castle

Notable residents

[edit]
Monument to Adolph Saurer
[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Arbon

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Arbon is a and the capital of Arbon District in the canton of , northeastern , situated on the southern shore of . With an area of approximately 6 km² and a population of 15,853 as of 2023, it features a of 2,642 inhabitants per km². The site has evidence of dating back to the period around 3000 BC, including pile-dwelling communities, and later hosted the Late Roman fort of Arbor Felix, constructed circa AD 280 as part of defenses against Germanic tribes. Arbon's modern development was shaped by industrialization beginning in the , with rapid from 1860 to 1910 driven by factories, making it Thurgau's largest town at the time. The company, established in 1853, played a pivotal role, initially machinery before expanding into trucks and buses, contributing to the town's economic prominence. Today, maintains a technology center in Arbon focused on advanced machinery for fiber and yarn processing. The preserves historical sites such as Arbon Castle and the Church of St. Martin, alongside Roman ruins, reflecting its layered past from antiquity to industrial era.

Geography

Location and Physical Features

Arbon is a municipality in the canton of , , serving as the capital of the Arbon district. It lies on the southern shore of , approximately 10 km northwest of St. Gallen and near the tripoint with and . The town's coordinates are 47°31′N 9°26′E. The municipality encompasses an area of 5.9 km². Elevations vary from 393 m above along the shoreline to 421 m in inland areas, with the central town at about 400 m. Arbon's physical features include a flat to gently sloping lakeside plain that rises into modest hills characteristic of the region's undulating terrain. This landscape offers panoramic views of and supports diverse land uses, from historic lakeshore settlements to agricultural hinterlands.

Climate and Environmental Conditions

Arbon's climate is classified as humid continental with oceanic influences, moderated by its location on Lake Constance, resulting in milder temperature variations compared to inland areas. The annual mean temperature is 8.9 °C, with winter lows averaging around -1.7 °C in January and summer highs reaching 24.4 °C in July. Temperatures rarely drop below -8.3 °C or exceed 30 °C. Precipitation is substantial, totaling approximately 1470 mm annually, distributed across about 178 rainy days, with wetter conditions in summer months. The lake contributes to higher humidity levels, averaging 79% yearly, and frequent fog, particularly in autumn and winter. Environmental conditions are shaped by Lake Constance's , which has recovered from mid-20th-century to oligotrophic status through nutrient reduction efforts. However, has led to warming lake surface temperatures, reaching a record 14.1 °C in 2022, potentially affecting local and water circulation. Winter ice cover, once common, has become rarer, with the lake occasionally freezing over as in early 2018, influencing microclimates in Arbon. Air quality remains high due to low industrial emissions in the region, though occasional storms from the lake can generate strong winds.

History

Prehistoric and Ancient Periods

Archaeological evidence indicates human settlement in Arbon dating to the period, with pile-dwelling sites along . The site at Arbon Bleiche 3 represents a lakeshore settlement from the transitional phase between the Pfyn and cultures, dated to approximately 3384–3370 BC. These structures, built on wooden piles driven into the lakebed, preserved organic materials due to waterlogged conditions, yielding insights into early farming communities reliant on lacustrine resources and agriculture. Additional layers at Bleiche 2 and 3 reveal occupation around 1700–1500 BC, part of the broader UNESCO-recognized prehistoric pile dwellings around the . Excavations uncovered well-preserved artifacts, including tools and domestic remains, highlighting continuity in settlement patterns adapted to the lake environment. These sites demonstrate advanced and subsistence strategies, with evidence of and crop cultivation. In the Roman era, Arbon hosted the fortress of Arbor Felix, constructed around AD 280 as a late Roman defensive installation on the peninsula now occupied by Arbon Castle. This fortification, featuring stone walls, towers, and a strategic lakeside position, formed part of the empire's frontier defenses against Germanic incursions along the and borders. Remnants, including corner towers and wall sections, persist in the modern landscape, underscoring Arbon's role in the waning years of Roman control in the region until approximately AD 400.

Medieval and Early Modern Era

The medieval history of Arbon is marked by its transition from a regional settlement to a fortified town under ecclesiastical control. Around 612 AD, Irish missionaries and Gallus arrived in the region, with Gallus initially residing in Arbon, contributing to the and gradual elevation of the site to a significant market center by approximately 700 AD. A in Arbon was first documented in 720 AD within the annals of St. Gall Abbey, situated on or near the remnants of the Roman Arbor Felix fortress established around 250 AD. From around 700 AD, the and associated lands fell under the ownership of the Diocese of Constance, administered by clerical bailiffs. In the , Arbon developed defensive structures and urban privileges. The oldest surviving element of the current castle, a residential tower with walls up to 3.2 meters thick and Romanesque fireplaces, dates to the 13th century. The town benefited from its strategic lakeside position, fostering trade and regional importance within the bishopric's domain. By the late , following the Swiss victory in the of 1499, Arbon integrated into the sphere of the as part of Thurgau's common lordships, though it retained ties to the Constance bishopric. The early saw renovations to the castle and emerging economic activities. Between 1515 and 1520, Bishop Hugo von Landenberg reconstructed the castle, converting the tower into a U-shaped structure with added gables, a , and alignment to the Roman fortress's northwest corner. This period reflected the bishopric's efforts to maintain control amid pressures, with Arbon remaining predominantly Catholic while neighboring areas adopted . By the , proto-industrial pursuits such as weaving and began to take root, laying groundwork for later industrialization, supported by the town's established market functions and access to .

Industrialization and 20th Century Development

Industrialization in Arbon commenced in the mid-19th century, driven primarily by the Saurer family's enterprises. In 1853, Franz Saurer established an iron foundry near Arbon, initially focused on household goods and agricultural implements. The firm pivoted to textile machinery, inventing the first hand embroidery machine in 1869, which capitalized on Switzerland's established embroidery sector. By the late 19th century, under the leadership of Franz's sons, including Adolph Saurer, the company expanded significantly, producing the first Saurer automobiles in 1896 and transitioning to trucks and buses by 1903, establishing itself as eastern Switzerland's largest industrial employer. Complementing Saurer's metalworking dominance, the flourished with Arnold Baruch Heine's founding of a firm that grew into the world's second-largest producer of embroidery-related products. Around , these sectors—Saurer's metallurgical operations and Heine's textiles—accelerated Arbon's transformation from a rural lakeside settlement into an industrial center, attracting workers and fostering urban development. Women's entry into the workforce surged, particularly in textiles and assembly lines, reshaping local social structures during this phase of rapid mechanization. Throughout the , Adolph AG emerged as Switzerland's preeminent manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks, buses, and military vehicles, supplying postal services, exports, and the during the neutrality-maintained Wars I and II. The company's innovations in diesel engines and robust supported economic resilience amid global conflicts. Post-1945 reconstruction and the economic boom sustained growth, with Saurer employing thousands and exporting worldwide until the 1970s energy crises and intensified foreign competition precipitated decline; truck production halted in 1980. This era cemented Arbon's identity as an industrial powerhouse in , though later diversification mitigated the impacts of .

Post-2000 Developments and Challenges

Since the turn of the , Arbon's has grown substantially, rising by 31.7% between 2000 and 2015 to approximately 14,900 residents, and reaching 15,853 by 2023, reflecting its appeal as a lakeside with proximity to economic hubs. This expansion has necessitated revisions, including efforts to manage land scarcity and maintain compact settlement structures amid merging with nearby areas like Frasnacht in the 2000s. Key economic developments have centered on Arbonia AG, a leading manufacturer of HVAC systems, sanitary products, and wooden elements headquartered in the town, which expanded through acquisitions such as Kermi in 2001, Sabiana in 2014, Vasco Group in 2018, and multiple firms in 2021-2022 to bolster its core divisions. The company also divested non-core units, including its windows division in 2021 and climate division in 2024, to focus on energy efficiency and trends. Meanwhile, Arbon Energie AG advanced with CHF 14.9 million in 2023 investments, including rollout and planning for a network ("Wärmeverbund Arbon"), while navigating a tripling of photovoltaic installations to 403 units (12,139 kW). Challenges have included macroeconomic pressures on the sector, with Arbonia reporting price surges, supply bottlenecks, crises, and a strong in 2022, followed by industry-wide slowdowns in early 2023. volatility persisted, with elevated electricity prices and surcharges impacting residents, alongside strains like 27 pipe breaks and a required four-week shutdown for lake water works renewal in 2024. Broader regional issues encompass demographic aging, negative birth rates in the Arbon-Rorschach agglomeration, digitalization demands, and shifting mobility patterns, complicating sustainable expansion amid rising development costs and planning risks.

Demographics

Population Growth and Composition

As of 2024, Arbon's estimated permanent resident population stands at 16,354, reflecting a density of 2,753 inhabitants per square kilometer across its 5.94 km² area. The municipality experienced a 3.18% increase from 2023, driven largely by net inward migration of 1,373 individuals establishing primary residence, amid a canton-wide trend of sustained demographic expansion in Thurgau. Between 2020 and 2023, annual growth averaged 1.97%, with recent yearly balances showing negative natural increase offset by positive migration saldo of +419 against -25 natural change. Longer-term patterns indicate steady expansion, including a 15.3% rise from 2000 to 2015, contrasting earlier 20th-century fluctuations tied to industrialization and post-war adjustments. Demographically, the exhibits near , with males comprising 50.1% and females 49.9%. Foreign nationals represent 35.4% of residents, exceeding the cantonal average and underscoring migration's role in growth, consistent with Thurgau's 26.5% foreign share as of 2023. The average age is 43.6 years, with a around 41.8, reflecting a mature profile typical of Swiss agglomerations. Age distribution (2024 estimates) features prominent working-age groups: approximately 13.6% aged 30-39, 13.6% aged 40-49, and 14.8% aged 50-59, alongside smaller shares for (under 20: ~19%) and seniors (over 70: ~9.5%). This structure supports economic vitality but highlights reliance on to counter low birth rates.

Religious and Cultural Demographics

Arbon's religious demographics feature a balanced presence of Christianity's major denominations, shaped by the canton's historical Reformation influences and Catholic traditions. Data from the Canton of Thurgau indicate that, as of 2024, approximately 27.3% of the population adheres to the Evangelical-Reformed Church and 26.6% to the Roman Catholic Church, with these figures reflecting a decline from 35% and 32% respectively in 2015. The proportion without formal religious affiliation has grown substantially, aligning with broader Swiss trends where non-affiliation reached 36% nationally by 2023. Other faiths, including Islam and Orthodox Christianity, represent smaller segments, often correlated with the municipality's foreign resident population. Culturally, Arbon is overwhelmingly German-speaking, with the being and the everyday vernacular an Alemannic dialect typical of . This linguistic homogeneity persists despite demographic shifts, as over 64% of residents are Swiss nationals. Foreign nationals account for 35.4% of the population as of the early 2020s, predominantly from EU countries such as , , and , fostering multicultural influences in local customs and community life without altering the core Germanic .

Economy

Historical Economic Foundations

Arbon's economic foundations originated in its prehistoric lakeshore settlement at Arbon Bleiche 3, dendrochronologically dated to 3384–3370 BC, where inhabitants relied on a mixed featuring cereal cultivation (primarily and einkorn), with evidence of specialized management via of teeth, and intensive of like whitefish from . This diversified resource use, including gathering of wild plants and resilience to environmental stresses, indicates early forms of economic specialization and adapted to the lacustrine environment. Following Roman conquest of the in 58 BC, the area, renamed Arbor Felix, featured a castrum whose ruins persist, underpinning an economy centered on agricultural production in the fertile plains and exploitation of lake resources for and nascent trade routes across . In the medieval period, Arbon emerged as a by the 13th century under Habsburg control until 1499, with as a primary livelihood—reflected in the municipal bearing two fish—complemented by in the surrounding orchards and fields, and facilitated by its strategic lakeside position for regional commerce in goods like timber and foodstuffs. These pre-industrial pillars of agrarian and piscatorial activity, leveraging natural geography, laid the groundwork for subsequent economic expansion without reliance on heavy extractive industries.

Current Industries and Employment

Arbon's current economy centers on within the mechanical, electrical, and metals (MEM) sector, alongside growing service industries, reflecting canton's emphasis on , , and . Major employers include Arbonia AG, headquartered in Arbon and focused on building components, heating, ventilation, (HVAC), and sanitary systems; the company employs over 500 staff in across diverse roles from production to administration. Another key player is Mubea, which operates a production site in Arbon manufacturing precision tubes primarily for automotive applications, though the facility faced prospective redundancies of up to 130 positions—nearly half its local workforce—in early amid slumping global demand for vehicle components. These firms underscore Arbon's role as a hub for export-oriented industry in , supported by its proximity to and cross-border networks with and . Service sectors, including healthcare, social services, retail trade, and construction, account for the largest share of employment across , with similar patterns evident in Arbon as a regional center of 15,700 residents. Approximately 32% of Arbon's working residents are employed within the municipality itself, higher than in many comparable Swiss locales, while over half commute elsewhere in for jobs. The Arbon district reports the canton’s highest unemployment rate, linked to industrial vulnerabilities like automotive fluctuations, though overall cantonal employment remains robust with 144,416 jobs across 21,478 workplaces dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises.

Major Corporations and Recent Economic Events

Arbonia AG, headquartered at Amriswilerstrasse 50 in Arbon, stands as the town's premier corporation, specializing in building components including doors, windows, sanitary products, and systems across Europe. The firm, publicly listed on the under ticker ARBN.SW, reported 3,447 employees in its most recent profile and generates revenue through manufacturing and distribution in multiple countries. FPT Industrial, a division of CNH Industrial focused on engine development, maintains an R&D plant in Arbon that supports advanced propulsion technologies for commercial vehicles under the IVECO brand. This facility employs specialized engineers and contributes to high-value exports, leveraging Arbon's proximity to Lake Constance for logistics efficiency. Logistics provider MS Direct AG has grown into a key local employer, expanding to over 600 staff in Arbon after adding 350 positions to enhance warehousing and distribution capabilities. firms like EDAG Engineering Schweiz GmbH also operate significantly in the area, providing automotive and services. In February 2025, Arbonia AG finalized the sale of its Climate division, divesting non-core assets to concentrate on building envelopes and interior systems amid stabilizing market conditions. Company leadership projected cautious optimism for 2025 performance, citing improved dynamics and demand recovery in residential . Arbonia's half-year earnings were scheduled for August 26, 2025, reflecting ongoing adaptation to energy-efficient product trends. September 2025 marked IVECO's 50th anniversary celebrations at FPT Industrial's Arbon site, opening the facility to local stakeholders and emphasizing sustained investment in diesel and engines. This event highlighted the plant's role in regional R&D, with no reported disruptions to operations.

and

Municipal Governance Structure

Arbon's municipal governance follows the decentralized , with authority divided between an elected executive collegium and a , supplemented by direct democratic mechanisms such as referendums and initiatives. The executive branch, the Stadtrat, comprises five members elected directly by residents for four-year terms, responsible for implementing policies, managing administration, and handling day-to-day operations across departments like , , and public services. The Stadtpräsident leads the Stadtrat, coordinating its activities and serving as the municipality's primary representative; this position is filled through popular election, with the current holder, René Walther of the FDP.The Liberals, assuming office following the 2022 municipal elections and confirmed in subsequent roles as of 2025. Other Stadtrat members include Dieter Feuerle (Greens, serving as vice-president), Daniel Bachofen (Social Democrats), and Reto Neuber (), with the fifth seat held by a rotating or elected official under the collegial system. The legislative body, the Stadtparlament, consists of 30 members elected proportionally every four years, reflecting the political composition of Arbon's electorate, which includes representation from parties such as the , FDP.The Liberals, Social Democrats, Greens, and . This parliament exercises oversight over the executive, approves annual (e.g., the 2023 budget deliberations highlighted fiscal priorities like infrastructure maintenance), enacts ordinances on local issues such as and taxation, and can initiate referendums. Municipal elections align with cantonal cycles, last held in 2022 for the 2023–2026 term, with influencing seat allocations based on thresholds. Administrative operations are supported by a professional divided into departments under Stadtrat oversight, including Einwohnerdienste (resident services) and specialized units for education, security, and economic development, ensuring compliance with both cantonal regulations and federal laws. This structure emphasizes within the executive, with the Stadtrat meeting regularly (e.g., monthly sessions documented in 2023 protocols) to address issues like and integration. Citizen participation remains robust, as evidenced by high approval rates in local referendums, with Arbon recording affirmative outcomes in approximately 90% of over 280 federal and cantonal votes since 1990, reflecting a pragmatic approach to . Arbon's municipal politics operate within Switzerland's decentralized system, featuring a 30-member Stadtparlament (city parliament) elected every four years and a five-member Stadtrat (executive council) responsible for day-to-day administration. The Stadtparlament handles legislative matters, while the Stadtrat implements policies and is subject to recall elections if needed. Active parties include the (SVP), FDP.The Liberals (FDP), Social Democratic Party (SP), (Die Mitte, formerly CVP), Greens (Grüne), and smaller groups like the Evangelical People's Party (EVP), Christian Democratic Union (EDU), and the Bürger Fraktion Arbon (BFA), a conservative that debuted in 2023. In the March 12, 2023, elections for the Stadtparlament, voter turnout was low at approximately 25%, reflecting a broader trend of limited participation in Swiss municipal votes. The SVP and SP each gained seats, strengthening their positions amid stable overall distribution, while the FDP and Greens lost ground; the BFA secured entry with modest support, signaling localized dissatisfaction with established parties but no major realignment. The Stadtrat saw changes including two new members and one incumbent's defeat, with representation spanning SP/Grüne, FDP/XMV, and Die Mitte/EVP, maintaining a centrist-conservative balance. Voter preferences in Arbon align with Thurgau's conservative rural profile, where the SVP dominates. In the April 7, 2024, cantonal Grossratswahlen (parliament elections), the SVP received 25.6% of votes in Arbon, outperforming other parties and underscoring its appeal on issues like , control, and fiscal restraint. Federal trends mirror this: in the October 22, 2023, National Council elections, canton-wide SVP support reached 40.3%, with Arbon contributing to this strength through consistent backing for right-leaning policies. Left-leaning parties like SP and Greens hold minority influence, often gaining in urban-adjacent districts but facing headwinds from Arbon's industrial and lakeside commuter base, which prioritizes economic stability over progressive reforms. Recent by-elections, such as the November 2024 Stadtrat contest won by Die Mitte's Reto Neuber, indicate incremental center-right consolidation without dramatic shifts. Overall, trends show resilience in SVP-led , tempered by coalition necessities in the multi-party Stadtrat, with low turnout limiting volatility.

Infrastructure and Services

Transportation Networks

Arbon is connected to the Swiss rail network via Arbon railway station, located on the Lake line (Seelinie) operated by (SBB), which facilitates regional passenger services to destinations including Romanshorn, Rorschach, and . Thurbo regional trains extend connectivity northward to and the , with services running along the shoreline multiple times daily. A secondary station, Arbon Seemoosriet, serves the eastern outskirts and supports local commuting. Public bus services are provided by , operating routes that link Arbon to adjacent municipalities in canton and cross-border points along , with schedules integrated into the national tariff system for seamless multimodal travel. In September 2025, Arbon launched Switzerland's inaugural autonomous public bus operation using the e-ATAK , which runs a 2.2-kilometer loop with eight stops connecting the railway station to the Areal residential district and swimming pool area. Equipped for SAE Level 4 with 11 cameras, sensors, and remote backup, the zero-emission bus carries up to 22 passengers and operates daily under pilot conditions to test urban integration. Road infrastructure includes direct access from the A1 motorway via the Arbon exit, enabling efficient automobile travel to (approximately 80 km) and St. Gallen. navigation supports supplementary waterborne transport, primarily through excursion boats and seasonal cruises departing from Arbon's harbor or nearby Romanshorn, though no fixed vehicle ferry service operates directly from Arbon; the primary cross-lake ferry links Romanshorn to , , 10 km west. Air access relies on regional airports, with St. Gallen-Altenrhein (ACH) 19 km away offering limited flights, or (ZRH) reachable by train in about 1 hour 7 minutes.

Education System

The education system in Arbon aligns with the cantonal framework of , where compulsory schooling spans 11 years, encompassing kindergarten through lower secondary levels, typically from ages 4 to 15. (Primarschule) covers grades 1 through 6, focusing on foundational skills in languages, mathematics, and , while (Sekundarschule) spans grades 7 through 9, offering basic (Sek G) or extended (Sek E) tracks to accommodate varying academic abilities. Municipal authorities oversee primary and secondary operations, with the canton managing vocational pathways. Arbon's Primarschulgemeinde operates three school units—Bergli (established 1906), Seegarten, and Stacherholz—serving approximately 1,000 students across 14 classes at 10 sites and primary grades. These facilities emphasize integrated , with integrated into the primary structure as non-compulsory but widely attended preparation. In 2024, the primary school pursued acquisition of the former secondary facility at Reben 4 for 12.382 million CHF to expand capacity amid growing enrollment. The Sekundarschulgemeinde Arbon divides into Sek G for foundational competencies and Sek E for advanced preparation toward gymnasium or vocational tracks, with the Stacherholz center hosting around 270 students in 14 classes as of recent records. A new four-story secondary building, featuring 22 classrooms, 11 group rooms, specialized facilities, and an auditorium, was proposed in July 2025 at a cost of 62.9 million CHF, pending voter approval on September 28, 2025, to address infrastructure needs. Post-compulsory education centers on vocational training via the canton-operated Bildungszentrum Arbon, which enrolls about 850 apprentices in service-oriented fields including , retail, and , emphasizing dual-system apprenticeships combining classroom instruction with on-the-job practice. Upper secondary students may also attend nearby gymnasiums, such as Kantonsschule Romanshorn, for academic paths leading to . No higher education institutions are located within Arbon .

Healthcare and Public Services

Arbon's healthcare system emphasizes and home-based services, supplemented by regional facilities. is delivered through medical centers such as the Medizinisches Zentrum Arbon at Schlossgasse 4, which provides alongside specialist consultations in /gynecology, , , , and other fields. Additional outpatient options include the Ärztezentrum im Hamel at Stickereistrasse 4 and physiotherapy practices like Physio Arbon. Residents requiring hospitalization access cantonal or cross-border institutions, with the nearest major hospital being Klinikum Friedrichshafen in , approximately 20 km away, or Spital Thurgau AG facilities in . Home healthcare is coordinated by Spitex RegioArbon, a non-profit, independent serving Arbon and adjacent municipalities (Egnach, Horn, Roggwil). It offers round-the-clock , personal assistance, and counseling, supported by about 95 employees delivering roughly 50,000 care hours and 33,300 km of volunteer transport annually; services are billed via mandatory per Swiss federal regulations. Public services in Arbon are administered municipally, focusing on social welfare and administrative support. The Sozialamt provides counseling and financial aid to residents in financial distress or emergencies, with eligibility extending to all domiciled individuals regardless of origin. Child and adult protection falls under the Kindes- und Erwachsenenschutzbehörde (KESB) Bezirk Arbon at Schlossgasse 4, addressing safeguarding, guardianship, and related interventions. Einwohnerdienste manage , address changes, and migration documentation, ensuring compliance with cantonal and federal residency laws. The Krankenkassenkontrollstelle oversees obligations, verifying coverage and premiums for local policyholders.

Culture and Heritage

Architectural and Historical Sites

Arbon Castle, a medieval structure first documented in 720 in the annals of St. Gall Abbey, was constructed on or near the site of the Roman fort Arbor Felix, established around 300 AD. The castle's fortified tower exemplifies medieval defensive architecture, and it passed into private ownership circa 1800 before being acquired by the municipality in 1945, followed by extensive restorations. Today, it serves as the Historisches Museum Arbon, the largest regional history museum in , housing exhibits on local prehistoric pile dwellings—part of the "Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the " since 2011—and remnants of the Roman fort, including a corner tower dating to approximately 280 AD. The Church of St. Martin, a Catholic , was built in the on the foundations of an earlier Romanesque , with its constructed in 1490 and later shortened during nave expansions. Its architecture features simple yet appealing side altars and a tower with historical elements such as keyhole-shaped arrow slits, reflecting defensive adaptations from earlier periods. The Old Town (Altstadt) preserves medieval urban layout with narrow lanes, historic houses, and sites like Fischmarktplatz, where markets and events occur, alongside informational panels detailing Arbon's 5,500-year history from prehistoric settlements to Roman and medieval eras. Roman-era remnants, including city walls and towers from Arbor Felix, are integrated into the townscape, underscoring Arbon's layered historical development.

Notable Figures and Contributions

Saint Gall (c. 550–645), an Irish and one of the disciples of , played a key role in evangelizing the tribes in what is now . After parting from in 610, he established a hermitage in the region and is credited with founding early Christian communities; he died in Arbon around 645, where his relics later drew pilgrims and contributed to the area's religious heritage. The family, based in Arbon, founded Adolph AG, which pioneered advancements in machinery starting in the mid-19th century before expanding into and bus production from 1903 to 1982. Under founders like Adolph , the company developed innovative engines and vehicles, including models like the 2DM, supporting Switzerland's export-driven economy and military logistics during both world wars. Members of the Gerschwiler family from Arbon advanced figure skating internationally. Jacques Gerschwiler (1898–2000) competed and coached in Europe, influencing skating techniques through his instructional roles in Switzerland and Britain. His half-brother Arnold Gerschwiler (1914–2003), born in Arbon, became a renowned coach in the UK, training Olympic medalists like Jeannette Altwegg and John Curry, and contributing to the professionalization of the sport via innovative training methods.

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  115. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g198796-d6849982-Reviews-Saurer_Museum-Arbon_Canton_of_Thurgau.html
  116. https://www.skateguardblog.com/2020/07/getting-to-know-gersch-jacques.html
  117. https://www.skateguardblog.com/2021/06/maker-of-champions-arnold-gerschwiler.html
  118. https://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/412283.a-legendary-figure-in-the-world-of-ice-skating/
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