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Tagus

The Tagus (/ˈtɡəs/ TAY-gəs; Spanish: Tajo [ˈtaxo] ; Portuguese: Tejo [ˈtɛʒu]) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales between Cuenca and Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows 1,007 km (626 mi), generally westward, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon.

The river's Latin name is Tagus. While the etymology is unclear, the most probable etymological origin for the hydronym Tagus is Indo-European *(s)tag- ('to drip').

The Tagus River originates at an elevation of 1,593 meters above sea level in a place known as Fuente García, within the municipality of Frías de Albarracín in Teruel, Spain. Its source is located between the Muela de San Juan (1,830 m) and Cerro de San Felipe (1,839 m), in the Sierra de Albarracín, which belongs to the Montes Universales in the western branch of the Iberian System.

The river flows through Spain for 816 km (507 mi), passing through four autonomous communities (Aragón, Castilla-La Mancha, Madrid, and Extremadura) and a total of six provinces (Teruel, Guadalajara, Cuenca, Madrid, Toledo, and Cáceres). After forming a 47 km (29 mi) border between Spain and Portugal, it enters Portugal. In Portugal, it flows for 145 km (90 mi) through the traditional regions of Beira Baixa, Alto Alentejo, Ribatejo, and Estremadura, which include the districts of Castelo Branco, Portalegre, Santarém, Lisbon, and Setúbal.

The most important cities along its course are Aranjuez, Toledo, and Talavera de la Reina in Spain; and Abrantes, Santarém, and Lisbon in Portugal.

The Tagus basin has a total area of 80,600 km2 (31,100 sq mi). It is the most populated basin in the Iberian Peninsula, with more than ten million inhabitants. It includes the Madrid metropolitan area and the Lisbon region. The Tagus basin has a total reservoir capacity of around 14,500 hm3 (510 billion cu ft).

The lower Tagus region in Portugal is a seismically active area. Major earthquakes in the Lower Tagus include those of 1309, 1531, 1755, and 1909.

The Tagus river is one of the few rivers in the world to have an inverted delta. Its delta is wider at the beginning and narrows down as it approaches the sea, contrary to a typical delta. This is because it flows into the sea through a small opening in a valley. Although due to sedimentation, this delta is now only very partially inverted, with the valley now mostly filled with sediment. The delta is about 15 km (9 mi) wide and 25 km (16 mi) long, but its exit into the sea is only 2 km (1.2 mi) wide. It thus forms a large lagoon with large and very shallow sand banks which go uncovered during low tides. The delta used to be even bigger thousands of years ago.

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longest river in the Iberian Peninsula
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