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Kayalpatnam
Kayalpatnam (also known as Kayalpattinam or Kayalpattanam) is a municipality in the Thoothukudi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the town had a population of 38,409.
Also known as Kayal, the municipality is mentioned in Marco Polo's travel diaries from 1298 AD. Korkai, Vaguthai, or Kayal was an ancient port back to the early Common Era and existed alongside of Kollam, another important Pandyan port. WhileKollam served the Pandyas on the west coast, Korkai/Kayal on the east coast connected to Ceylon and the pearl fisheries in the Gulf of Mannar. Arab traders from Egypt and Yemen arrived at the port of Korkai (present-day Kayalpatnam), with some later migrating to Adirampattinam. Strong trading between Kayalpattinam, Adirampattinam, and Kilakarai. Most Muslims there are matrilocal residents. The ancient port also traded with Egypt, Rome, and Greece.[citation needed]
The Muslim Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta mentioned Kayalpattinam (as called as Fatan) in his travelogue The Rihla (lit. "Journey"). There exists a strong cultural connection exists between Kayalpatnam, Adirampattinam and Kilakarai.
Kayalpatnam now has many mosques. Photographer Benoy Behl made a film, A World of Beauty and Grace: Islamic Architecture of India, on the Islamic architecture of India, in which they visit a Kayalpatnam mosque.
In the Freedom Struggle, Kayalpatnam, a part of Tiruchendur Taluk, played a vibrant role. Many patriots from Kayalpatnam participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Individual Satyagraha, and the Quit India Movement.[citation needed]
Toddy shop picketing holds significant historical importance in Kayalpatnam. In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi presented a set of Eleven Demands to the British Viceroy, Lord Irwin, addressing key economic and social grievances of the Indian people. These demands included the abolition of the salt tax, reduction of land revenue, and prohibition of intoxicating drinks. Among them, the call for the closure of liquor shops stood out as a reflection of Gandhi’s commitment to moral and social reform through non-violent means. Kayalpatnam, which is today one of the rare towns in Tamil Nadu without a liquor shop, was not always thus. During British rule, toddy shops operated in the town. It was against this backdrop that patriots like L. K. Sheikh Muhammed (Kayal Gandhi), R. Venkatrama Mudaliar (karnam of Kayalpatnam), and others took a principled stand. Inspired by Gandhi’s call for prohibition during the renewed phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932, they organized toddy shop picketing in Kayalpattinam.
One of the prominent freedom fighters from the town was L.K. Sheikh Muhammed, popularly known as the 'Kayal Gandhi' for his simple and dedicated life, and his active involvement in various Satyagrahas, including toddy shop picketing. He was widely respected for his unwavering commitment to Gandhian principles. He famously refused to accept the freedom fighters' pension and other benefits offered by the government, insisting that such assistance should be reserved for the truly needy. Throughout his life, he embraced simplicity and self-reliance, continuing to do his own chores even in old age.
Another freedom fighter of Kayalpattinam was R. Venkatrama Mudaliar, who was the Karnam (Village Accountant) of Kayalpatnam. He resigned his karnam job with the onset of Civil Disobedience Movement and took part in toddy shop picketing at Kayalpattinam along with L.K Sheik Muhammed and other patriots. For this Venkatraman was arrested and Sentenced under Section 4 of the ordinance act of 1932 and kept at Kokkirakulam sub-jail for four months and later at Tiruchirapalli central Jail for a year from 1932 to 1933. He was tortured in prison, where the police kicked him in the stomach with heavy boots. Later, he took part in the 1941 Individual Satyagraha from Tiruchendur. He was arrested by the Malabar Special Police (M.S.P) for his active participation in the Quit India Movement during the investigation of Kulasekarapattnam Conspiracy Case in 1942, though he did not involve in the conspiracy that killed the Assisant Inspector of Salt, Mr. Wilfred Loane, at Kulasekarapattnam. In addition to his role in the freedom struggle, R. Venkatrama Mudaliar also contributed to the welfare of the village of Kayalpattinam. He took part in efforts to bring clean and reliable drinking water to the town of Kayalpattinam—a critical need in the region at the time. On the midnight of August 15, 1947, Venkatraman hoisted the national flag at Kayalpatnam, signifying the beginning of India’s independence.
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Kayalpatnam
Kayalpatnam (also known as Kayalpattinam or Kayalpattanam) is a municipality in the Thoothukudi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the town had a population of 38,409.
Also known as Kayal, the municipality is mentioned in Marco Polo's travel diaries from 1298 AD. Korkai, Vaguthai, or Kayal was an ancient port back to the early Common Era and existed alongside of Kollam, another important Pandyan port. WhileKollam served the Pandyas on the west coast, Korkai/Kayal on the east coast connected to Ceylon and the pearl fisheries in the Gulf of Mannar. Arab traders from Egypt and Yemen arrived at the port of Korkai (present-day Kayalpatnam), with some later migrating to Adirampattinam. Strong trading between Kayalpattinam, Adirampattinam, and Kilakarai. Most Muslims there are matrilocal residents. The ancient port also traded with Egypt, Rome, and Greece.[citation needed]
The Muslim Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta mentioned Kayalpattinam (as called as Fatan) in his travelogue The Rihla (lit. "Journey"). There exists a strong cultural connection exists between Kayalpatnam, Adirampattinam and Kilakarai.
Kayalpatnam now has many mosques. Photographer Benoy Behl made a film, A World of Beauty and Grace: Islamic Architecture of India, on the Islamic architecture of India, in which they visit a Kayalpatnam mosque.
In the Freedom Struggle, Kayalpatnam, a part of Tiruchendur Taluk, played a vibrant role. Many patriots from Kayalpatnam participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Individual Satyagraha, and the Quit India Movement.[citation needed]
Toddy shop picketing holds significant historical importance in Kayalpatnam. In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi presented a set of Eleven Demands to the British Viceroy, Lord Irwin, addressing key economic and social grievances of the Indian people. These demands included the abolition of the salt tax, reduction of land revenue, and prohibition of intoxicating drinks. Among them, the call for the closure of liquor shops stood out as a reflection of Gandhi’s commitment to moral and social reform through non-violent means. Kayalpatnam, which is today one of the rare towns in Tamil Nadu without a liquor shop, was not always thus. During British rule, toddy shops operated in the town. It was against this backdrop that patriots like L. K. Sheikh Muhammed (Kayal Gandhi), R. Venkatrama Mudaliar (karnam of Kayalpatnam), and others took a principled stand. Inspired by Gandhi’s call for prohibition during the renewed phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932, they organized toddy shop picketing in Kayalpattinam.
One of the prominent freedom fighters from the town was L.K. Sheikh Muhammed, popularly known as the 'Kayal Gandhi' for his simple and dedicated life, and his active involvement in various Satyagrahas, including toddy shop picketing. He was widely respected for his unwavering commitment to Gandhian principles. He famously refused to accept the freedom fighters' pension and other benefits offered by the government, insisting that such assistance should be reserved for the truly needy. Throughout his life, he embraced simplicity and self-reliance, continuing to do his own chores even in old age.
Another freedom fighter of Kayalpattinam was R. Venkatrama Mudaliar, who was the Karnam (Village Accountant) of Kayalpatnam. He resigned his karnam job with the onset of Civil Disobedience Movement and took part in toddy shop picketing at Kayalpattinam along with L.K Sheik Muhammed and other patriots. For this Venkatraman was arrested and Sentenced under Section 4 of the ordinance act of 1932 and kept at Kokkirakulam sub-jail for four months and later at Tiruchirapalli central Jail for a year from 1932 to 1933. He was tortured in prison, where the police kicked him in the stomach with heavy boots. Later, he took part in the 1941 Individual Satyagraha from Tiruchendur. He was arrested by the Malabar Special Police (M.S.P) for his active participation in the Quit India Movement during the investigation of Kulasekarapattnam Conspiracy Case in 1942, though he did not involve in the conspiracy that killed the Assisant Inspector of Salt, Mr. Wilfred Loane, at Kulasekarapattnam. In addition to his role in the freedom struggle, R. Venkatrama Mudaliar also contributed to the welfare of the village of Kayalpattinam. He took part in efforts to bring clean and reliable drinking water to the town of Kayalpattinam—a critical need in the region at the time. On the midnight of August 15, 1947, Venkatraman hoisted the national flag at Kayalpatnam, signifying the beginning of India’s independence.