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1000 (number)
1000 (number)
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← 999 1000 1001 →
Cardinalone thousand
Ordinal1000th
(one thousandth)
Factorization23 × 53
Divisors1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 125, 200, 250, 500, 1000
Greek numeral,Α´
Roman numeralM, m
Roman numeral (unicode)M, m, ↀ
Unicode symbol
Greek prefixchilia
Latin prefixmilli
Binary11111010002
Ternary11010013
Senary43446
Octal17508
Duodecimal6B412
Hexadecimal3E816
Tamil
Chinese
Punjabi੧੦੦੦
Devanagari१०००
ArmenianՌ
Egyptian hieroglyph𓆼

1000 or one thousand is the natural number following 999 and preceding 1001. In most English-speaking countries, it can be written with or without a comma or sometimes a period separating the thousands digit: 1,000.

A group of one thousand units is sometimes known, from Ancient Greek, as a chiliad.[1] A period of one thousand years may be known as a chiliad or, more often from Latin, as a millennium. The number 1000 is also sometimes described as a short thousand in medieval contexts where it is necessary to distinguish the Germanic concept of 1200 as a long thousand. It is the first 4-digit integer.

Notation

[edit]

In mathematics

[edit]

A chiliagon is a 1000-sided polygon.[2]

Numbers in the range 1001–1999

[edit]

1001 to 1099

[edit]

1100 to 1199

[edit]

1200 to 1299

[edit]
  • 1200 = the long thousand, ten "long hundreds" of 120 each, the traditional reckoning of large numbers in Germanic languages, the number of households the Nielsen ratings sample,[170] number k such that k64 + 1 is prime
  • 1201 = centered square number,[14] super-prime, centered decagonal number
  • 1202 = number of regions the plane is divided into by 25 ellipses[101]
  • 1203: first 4 digit number in the coordinating sequence for the (2,6,∞) tiling of the hyperbolic plane[171]
  • 1204: magic constant of a 7 × 7 × 7 magic cube[172]
  • 1205 = number of partitions of 28 such that the number of odd parts is a part[173]
  • 1206 = 29-gonal number [174]
  • 1207 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1208 = number of strict chains of divisors starting with the superprimorial A006939(3)[176]
  • 1209 = The product of all ordered non-empty subsets of {3,1} if {a,b} is a||b: 1209=1*3*13*31
  • 1210 = amicable number with 1184[177]
  • 1211 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1212 = , where is the number of partions of [178]
  • 1213 = emirp
  • 1214 = sum of first 39 composite numbers,[179] spy number
  • 1215 = number of edges in the hexagonal triangle T(27)[122]
  • 1216 = nonagonal number[180]
  • 1217 = super-prime, Proth prime[140]
  • 1218 = triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1219 = Mertens function zero, centered triangular number[125]
  • 1220 = Mertens function zero, number of binary vectors of length 16 containing no singletons[181]
  • 1221 = product of the first two digit, and three digit repdigit
  • 1222 = hexagonal pyramidal number
  • 1223 = Sophie Germain prime,[13] balanced prime, 200th prime number[96]
  • 1224 = number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 34[142]
  • 1225 = 352, 49th triangular number,[28] 2nd nontrivial square triangular number,[182] 25th hexagonal number,[29] and the smallest number >1 to be all three.[183] Additionally a centered octagonal number,[184] icosienneagonal,[185] hexacontagonal,[186] and hecatonicositetragonal (124-gonal) number, and the sum of 5 consecutive odd cubes (13 + 33 + 53 + 73 + 93)
  • 1226 = number of rooted identity trees with 15 nodes [187]
  • 1227 = smallest number representable as the sum of 3 triangular numbers in 27 ways[188]
  • 1228 = sum of totient function for first 63 integers
  • 1229 = Sophie Germain prime,[13] number of primes under 10,000, emirp
  • 1230 = the Mahonian number: T(9, 6)[189]
  • 1231 = smallest mountain emirp, as 121, smallest mountain number is 11 × 11
  • 1232 = number of labeled ordered set of partitions of a 7-set into odd parts[190]
  • 1233 = 122 + 332
  • 1234 = number of parts in all partitions of 30 into distinct parts,[45] smallest whole number containing all numbers from 1 to 4
  • 1235 = excluding duplicates, contains the first four Fibonacci numbers [191]
  • 1236 = 617 + 619: sum of twin prime pair[192]
  • 1237 = prime of the form 2p-1
  • 1238 = number of partitions of 31 that do not contain 1 as a part[34]
  • 1239 = toothpick number in 3D[193]
  • 1240 = square pyramidal number[17]
  • 1241 = centered cube number,[194] spy number
  • 1242 = decagonal number[99]
  • 1243 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1244 = number of complete partitions of 25[195]
  • 1245 = Number of labeled spanning intersecting set-systems on 5 vertices.[196]
  • 1246 = number of partitions of 38 such that no part occurs more than once[197]
  • 1247 = pentagonal number[73]
  • 1248 = the first four powers of 2 concatenated together
  • 1249 = emirp, trimorphic number[198]
  • 1250 = area of a square with diagonal 50[54]
  • 1251 = 2 × 252 + 1 = number of different 2 × 2 determinants with integer entries from 0 to 25[199]
  • 1252 = 2 × 252 + 2 = number of points on surface of tetrahedron with edgelength 25[141]
  • 1253 = number of partitions of 23 with at least one distinct part[200]
  • 1254 = number of partitions of 23 into relatively prime parts[201]
  • 1255 = Mertens function zero, number of ways to write 23 as an orderless product of orderless sums,[109] number of partitions of 23[202]
  • 1256 = 1 × 2 × (52)2 + 6,[203] Mertens function zero
  • 1257 = number of lattice points inside a circle of radius 20[120]
  • 1258 = 1 × 2 × (52)2 + 8,[203] Mertens function zero
  • 1259 = highly cototient number[43]
  • 1260 = the 16th highly composite number,[204] pronic number,[51] the smallest vampire number,[205] sum of totient function for first 64 integers, number of strict partions of 41[108] and appears twice in the Book of Revelation
  • 1261 = star number,[88] Mertens function zero
  • 1262 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 36 circles[206]
  • 1263 = rounded total surface area of a regular tetrahedron with edge length 27[207]
  • 1264 = sum of the first 27 primes
  • 1265 = number of rooted trees with 43 vertices in which vertices at the same level have the same degree[208]
  • 1266 = centered pentagonal number,[46] Mertens function zero
  • 1267 = 7-Knödel number[130]
  • 1268 = number of partitions of 37 into prime power parts[209]
  • 1269 = least number of triangles of the Spiral of Theodorus to complete 11 revolutions[210]
  • 1270 = 25 + 24×26 + 23×27,[211] Mertens function zero
  • 1271 = sum of first 40 composite numbers[179]
  • 1272 = sum of first 41 nonprimes[212]
  • 1273 = 19 × 67 = 19 × prime(19)[213]
  • 1274 = sum of the nontriangular numbers between successive triangular numbers
  • 1275 = 50th triangular number,[28] equivalently the sum of the first 50 natural numbers
  • 1276 = number of irredundant sets in the 25-cocktail party graph[214]
  • 1277 = the start of a prime constellation of length 9 (a "prime nonuple")
  • 1278 = number of Narayana's cows and calves after 20 years[215]
  • 1279 = Mertens function zero, Mersenne prime exponent
  • 1280 = Mertens function zero, number of parts in all compositions of 9[216]
  • 1281 = octagonal number[148]
  • 1282 = Mertens function zero, number of partitions of 46 into pairwise relatively prime parts[161]
  • 1283 = safe prime[22]
  • 1284 = 641 + 643: sum of twin prime pair[192]
  • 1285 = Mertens function zero, number of free nonominoes, number of parallelogram polyominoes with 10 cells.[217]
  • 1286 = number of inequivalent connected planar figures that can be formed from five 1 X 2 rectangles (or dominoes) such that each pair of touching rectangles shares exactly one edge, of length 1, and the adjacency graph of the rectangles is a tree[218]
  • 1287 = [219]
  • 1288 = heptagonal number[68]
  • 1289 = Sophie Germain prime,[13] Mertens function zero
  • 1290 = , average of a twin prime pair[220]
  • 1291 = largest prime < 64,[221] Mertens function zero
  • 1292 = number such that phi(1292) = phi(sigma(1292)),[222] Mertens function zero
  • 1293 = [223]
  • 1294 = rounded volume of a regular octahedron with edge length 14[224]
  • 1295 = number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 35[142]
  • 1296 = 362 = 64, sum of the cubes of the first eight positive integers, the number of rectangles on a normal 8 × 8 chessboard, also the maximum font size allowed in Adobe InDesign, number of combinations of 2 characters(00-ZZ)
  • 1297 = super-prime, Mertens function zero, pinwheel number[95]
  • 1298 = number of partitions of 55 into prime parts
  • 1299 = Mertens function zero, number of partitions of 52 such that the smallest part is greater than or equal to number of parts[225]

1300 to 1399

[edit]
  • 1300 = Sum of the first 4 fifth powers, Mertens function zero, largest possible win margin in an NAQT match; smallest even odd-factor hyperperfect number
  • 1301 = centered square number,[14] Honaker prime,[226] number of trees with 13 unlabeled nodes[227]
  • 1302 = Mertens function zero, number of edges in the hexagonal triangle T(28)[122]
  • 1303 = prime of form 21n+1 and 31n+1[228][229]
  • 1304 = sum of 13046 and 1304 9 which is 328+976
  • 1305 = triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1306 = Mertens function zero. In base 10, raising the digits of 1306 to powers of successive integers equals itself: 1306 = 11 + 32 + 03 + 64. 135, 175, 518, and 598 also have this property. Centered triangular number.[125]
  • 1307 = safe prime[22]
  • 1308 = sum of totient function for first 65 integers
  • 1309 = the first sphenic number followed by two consecutive such number
  • 1310 = smallest number in the middle of a set of three sphenic numbers
  • 1311 = number of integer partitions of 32 with no part dividing all the others[230]
  • 1312 = member of the Mian-Chowla sequence;[18]
  • 1313 = sum of all parts of all partitions of 14 [231]
  • 1314 = number of integer partitions of 41 whose distinct parts are connected[232]
  • 1315 = 10^(2n+1)-7*10^n-1 is prime.[233]
  • 1316 = Euler transformation of sigma(11)[234]
  • 1317 = 1317 Only odd four digit number to divide the concatenation of all number up to itself in base 25[235]
  • 1318512 + 1 is prime,[236] Mertens function zero
  • 1319 = safe prime[22]
  • 1320 = 659 + 661: sum of twin prime pair[192]
  • 1321 = Friedlander-Iwaniec prime[103]
  • 1322 = area of the 21st conjoined trapezoid[169]
  • 1323 = Achilles number
  • 1324 = if D(n) is the nth representation of 1, 2 arranged lexicographically. 1324 is the first non-1 number which is D(D(x))[237]
  • 1325 = Markov number,[238] centered tetrahedral number[239]
  • 1326 = 51st triangular number,[28] hexagonal number,[29] Mertens function zero
  • 1327 = first prime followed by 33 consecutive composite numbers
  • 1328 = sum of totient function for first 66 integers
  • 1329 = Mertens function zero, sum of first 41 composite numbers[179]
  • 1330 = tetrahedral number,[129] forms a Ruth–Aaron pair with 1331 under second definition
  • 1331 = 113, centered heptagonal number,[69] forms a Ruth–Aaron pair with 1330 under second definition. This is the only non-trivial cube of the form x2 + x − 1, for x = 36.
  • 1332 = pronic number[51]
  • 1333 = 372 - 37 + 1 = H37 (the 37th Hogben number)[165]
  • 1334 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 37 circles[206]
  • 1335 = pentagonal number,[73] Mertens function zero
  • 1336 = sum of gcd(x, y) for 1 <= x, y <= 24,[240] Mertens function zero
  • 1337 = Used in the novel form of spelling called leet. Approximate melting point of gold in kelvins.
  • 1338 = atomic number of the noble element of period 18,[241] Mertens function zero
  • 1339 = First 4 digit number to appear twice in the sequence of sum of cubes of primes dividing n[242]
  • 1340 = k such that 5 × 2k - 1 is prime[243]
  • 1341 = First mountain number with 2 jumps of more than one.
  • 1342 = ,[168] Mertens function zero
  • 1343 = cropped hexagone[244]
  • 1344 = 372 - 52, the only way to express 1344 as a difference of prime squares[245]
  • 1345 = k such that k, k+1 and k+2 are products of two primes[246]
  • 1346 = number of locally disjointed rooted trees with 10 nodes[247]
  • 1347 = concatenation of first 4 Lucas numbers [248]
  • 1348 = number of ways to stack 22 pennies such that every penny is in a stack of one or two[249]
  • 1349 = Stern-Jacobsthal number[250]
  • 1350 = nonagonal number[180]
  • 1351 = number of partitions of 28 into a prime number of parts[110]
  • 1352 = number of surface points on a cube with edge-length 16,[19] Achilles number
  • 1353 = 2 × 262 + 1 = number of different 2 × 2 determinants with integer entries from 0 to 26[199]
  • 1354 = 2 × 262 + 2 = number of points on surface of tetrahedron with edgelength 26[141]
  • 1355 appears for the first time in the Recamán's sequence at n = 325,374,625,245.[251] Or in other words A057167(1355) = 325,374,625,245[252][253]
  • 1356 is not the sum of a pair of twin primes[133]
  • 1357 = number of nonnegative solutions to x2 + y2 ≤ 412[254]
  • 1358 = rounded total surface area of a regular tetrahedron with edge length 28[207]
  • 1359 is the 42d term of Flavius Josephus's sieve[255]
  • 1360 = 372 - 32, the only way to express 1360 as a difference of prime squares[245]
  • 1361 = first prime following a prime gap of 34,[138] centered decagonal number, 3rd Mills' prime, Honaker prime[226]
  • 1362 = number of achiral integer partitions of 48[256]
  • 1363 = the number of ways to modify a circular arrangement of 14 objects by swapping one or more adjacent pairs[257]
  • 1364 = Lucas number[258]
  • 1365 = pentatope number[259]
  • 1366 = Arima number, after Yoriyuki Arima who in 1769 constructed this sequence as the number of moves of the outer ring in the optimal solution for the Chinese Rings puzzle[260]
  • 1367 = safe prime,[22] balanced prime, sum of three, nine, and eleven consecutive primes (449 + 457 + 461, 131 + 137 + 139 + 149 + 151 + 157 + 163 + 167 + 173, and 101 + 103 + 107 + 109 + 113 + 127 + 131 + 137 + 139 + 149 + 151),[96]
  • 1368 = number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 36[142]
  • 1369 = 372, centered octagonal number[184]
  • 1370 = σ2(37): sum of squares of divisors of 37[261]
  • 1371 = sum of the first 28 primes
  • 1372 = Achilles number
  • 1373 = number of lattice points inside a circle of radius 21[120]
  • 1374 = number of unimodular 2 × 2 matrices having all terms in {0,1,...,23}[112]
  • 1375 = decagonal pyramidal number[4]
  • 1376 = primitive abundant number (abundant number all of whose proper divisors are deficient numbers)[262]
  • 1377 = maximal number of pieces that can be obtained by cutting an annulus with 51 cuts[117]
  • 1378 = 52nd triangular number[28]
  • 1379 = magic constant of n × n normal magic square and n-queens problem for n = 14.
  • 1380 = number of 8-step mappings with 4 inputs[263]
  • 1381 = centered pentagonal number[46] Mertens function zero
  • 1382 = first 4 digit tetrachi number [264]
  • 1383 = 3 × 461. 101383 + 7 is prime[265]
  • 1384 = [168]
  • 1385 = up/down number[266]
  • 1386 = octagonal pyramidal number[267]
  • 1387 = 5th Fermat pseudoprime of base 2,[268] 22nd centered hexagonal number and the 19th decagonal number,[99] second Super-Poulet number.[269]
  • 1388 = 4 × 192 - 3 × 19 + 1 and is therefore on the x-axis of Ulams spiral[270]
  • 1389 = sum of first 42 composite numbers[179]
  • 1390 = sum of first 43 nonprimes[212]
  • 1391 = number of rational numbers which can be constructed from the set of integers between 1 and 47[152]
  • 1392 = number of edges in the hexagonal triangle T(29)[122]
  • 1393 = 7-Knödel number[130]
  • 1394 = sum of totient function for first 67 integers
  • 1395 = vampire number,[205] member of the Mian–Chowla sequence[18] triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1396 = centered triangular number[125]
  • 1397 = [271]
  • 1398 = number of integer partitions of 40 whose distinct parts are connected[232]
  • 1399 = emirp[272]

1400 to 1499

[edit]
  • 1400 = number of sum-free subsets of {1, ..., 15}[273]
  • 1401 = pinwheel number[95]
  • 1402 = number of integer partitions of 48 whose augmented differences are distinct,[274] number of signed trees with 8 nodes[275]
  • 1403 = smallest x such that M(x) = 11, where M() is Mertens function[276]
  • 1404 = heptagonal number[68]
  • 1405 = 262 + 272, 72 + 82 + ... + 162, centered square number[14]
  • 1406 = pronic number,[51] semi-meandric number[277]
  • 1407 = 382 - 38 + 1 = H38 (the 38th Hogben number)[165]
  • 1408 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 38 circles[206]
  • 1409 = super-prime, Sophie Germain prime,[13] smallest number whose eighth power is the sum of 8 eighth powers, Proth prime[140]
  • 1410 = denominator of the 46th Bernoulli number[278]
  • 1411 = LS(41)[279]
  • 1412 = LS(42),[279] spy number
  • 1413 = LS(43)[279]
  • 1414 = smallest composite that when added to sum of prime factors reaches a prime after 27 iterations[280]
  • 1415 = the Mahonian number: T(8, 8)[189]
  • 1416 = LS(46)[279]
  • 1417 = number of partitions of 32 in which the number of parts divides 32[281]
  • 1418 = smallest x such that M(x) = 13, where M() is Mertens function[276]
  • 1419 = Zeisel number[282]
  • 1420 = Number of partitions of 56 into prime parts
  • 1421 = maximum dimension of Euclidean spaces which suffice for every smooth compact Riemannian 29-manifold to be realizable as a sub-manifold,[283] spy number
  • 1422 = number of partitions of 15 with two parts marked[284]
  • 1423 = 200 + 1223 and the 200th prime is 1223[285]
  • 1424 = number of nonnegative solutions to x2 + y2 ≤ 422[254]
  • 1425 = self-descriptive number in base 5
  • 1426 = sum of totient function for first 68 integers, pentagonal number,[73] number of strict partions of 42[108]
  • 1427 = twin prime together with 1429[286]
  • 1428 = number of complete ternary trees with 6 internal nodes, or 18 edges[287]
  • 1429 = number of partitions of 53 such that the smallest part is greater than or equal to number of parts[225]
  • 1430 = Catalan number[288]
  • 1431 = 53rd triangular number,[28] hexagonal number[29]
  • 1432 = member of Padovan sequence[75]
  • 1433 = super-prime, Honaker prime,[226] typical port used for remote connections to Microsoft SQL Server databases
  • 1434 = rounded volume of a regular tetrahedron with edge length 23[289]
  • 1435 = vampire number;[205] the standard railway gauge in millimetres, equivalent to 4 feet 8+12 inches (1.435 m)
  • 1436 = discriminant of a totally real cubic field[290]
  • 1437 = smallest number of complexity 20: smallest number requiring 20 1's to build using +, * and ^[291]
  • 1438 = k such that 5 × 2k - 1 is prime[243]
  • 1439 = Sophie Germain prime,[13] safe prime[22]
  • 1440 = a highly totient number,[139] a largely composite number[74] and a 481-gonal number. Also, the number of minutes in one day, the size in kibibytes (units of 1,024 bytes) of a standard ⁠3+1/2 floppy disk, and the horizontal resolution of WXGA(II) computer displays
  • 1441 = star number[88]
  • 1442 = number of parts in all partitions of 31 into distinct parts[45]
  • 1443 = the sum of the second trio of three-digit permutable primes in decimal: 337, 373, and 733. Also the number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 37[142]
  • 1444 = 382, smallest pandigital number in Roman numerals
  • 1445 = [292]
  • 1446 = number of points on surface of octahedron with edge length 19[146]
  • 1447 = super-prime, happy number
  • 1448 = number k such that phi(prime(k)) is a square[293]
  • 1449 = Stella octangula number
  • 1450 = σ2(34): sum of squares of divisors of 34[261]
  • 1451 = Sophie Germain prime[13]
  • 1452 = first Zagreb index of the complete graph K12[294]
  • 1453 = Sexy prime with 1459
  • 1454 = 3 × 222 + 2 = number of points on surface of square pyramid of side-length 22[295]
  • 1455 = k such that geometric mean of phi(k) and sigma(k) is an integer[296]
  • 1456 = number of regions in regular 15-gon with all diagonals drawn[297]
  • 1457 = 2 × 272 − 1 = a twin square[298]
  • 1458 = maximum determinant of an 11 by 11 matrix of zeroes and ones, 3-smooth number (2×36)
  • 1459 = Sexy prime with 1453, sum of nine consecutive primes (139 + 149 + 151 + 157 + 163 + 167 + 173 + 179 + 181), Pierpont prime
  • 1460 = The number of years that would have to pass in the Julian calendar in order to accrue a full year's worth of leap days.
  • 1461 = number of partitions of 38 into prime power parts[209]
  • 1462 = (35 - 1) × (35 + 8) = the first Zagreb index of the wheel graph with 35 vertices[299]
  • 1463 = total number of parts in all partitions of 16[65]
  • 1464 = rounded total surface area of a regular icosahedron with edge length 13[300]
  • 1465 = 5-Knödel number[134]
  • 1466 = , where = number of divisors of [301]
  • 1467 = number of partitions of 39 with zero crank[302]
  • 1468 = number of polyhexes with 11 cells that tile the plane by translation[303]
  • 1469 = octahedral number,[143] highly cototient number[43]
  • 1470 = pentagonal pyramidal number,[304] sum of totient function for first 69 integers
  • 1471 = super-prime, centered heptagonal number[69]
  • 1472 = number of overpartitions of 15[305]
  • 1473 = cropped hexagone[244]
  • 1474 = : triangular number plus quarter square (i.e., A000217(44) + A002620(44))[306]
  • 1475 = number of partitions of 33 into parts each of which is used a different number of times[307]
  • 1476 = coreful perfect number[308]
  • 1477 = 7-Knödel number[130]
  • 1478 = total number of largest parts in all compositions of 11[309]
  • 1479 = number of planar partitions of 12[310]
  • 1480 = sum of the first 29 primes
  • 1481 = Sophie Germain prime[13]
  • 1482 = pronic number,[51] number of unimodal compositions of 15 where the maximal part appears once[311]
  • 1483 = 392 - 39 + 1 = H39 (the 39th Hogben number)[165]
  • 1484 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 39 circles[206]
  • 1485 = 54th triangular number[28]
  • 1486 = number of strict solid partitions of 19[91]
  • 1487 = safe prime[22]
  • 1488 = triangular matchstick number,[48] commonly used as a hate symbol
  • 1489 = centered triangular number[125]
  • 1490 = tetranacci number[312]
  • 1491 = nonagonal number,[180] Mertens function zero
  • 1492 = discriminant of a totally real cubic field,[290] Mertens function zero
  • 1493 = Stern prime[162]
  • 1494 = sum of totient function for first 70 integers
  • 1495 = 9###[313]
  • 1496 = square pyramidal number[17]
  • 1497 = skiponacci number[121]
  • 1498 = number of flat partitions of 41[314]
  • 1499 = Sophie Germain prime,[13] super-prime

1500 to 1599

[edit]
  • 1500 = hypotenuse in three different Pythagorean triangles[315]
  • 1501 = centered pentagonal number[46]
  • 1502 = number of pairs of consecutive integers x, x+1 such that all prime factors of both x and x+1 are at most 47[316]
  • 1503 = least number of triangles of the Spiral of Theodorus to complete 12 revolutions[210]
  • 1504 = primitive abundant number (abundant number all of whose proper divisors are deficient numbers)[262]
  • 1505 = number of integer partitions of 41 with distinct differences between successive parts[317]
  • 1506 = number of Golomb partitions of 28[318]
  • 1507 = number of partitions of 32 that do not contain 1 as a part[34]
  • 1508 = heptagonal pyramidal number[151]
  • 1509 = pinwheel number[95]
  • 1510 = deficient number, odious number
  • 1511 = Sophie Germain prime,[13] balanced prime[96]
  • 1512 = k such that geometric mean of phi(k) and sigma(k) is an integer[296]
  • 1513 = centered square number[14]
  • 1514 = sum of first 44 composite numbers[179]
  • 1515 = maximum dimension of Euclidean spaces which suffice for every smooth compact Riemannian 30-manifold to be realizable as a sub-manifold[283]
  • 1516 = [319]
  • 1517 = number of lattice points inside a circle of radius 22[120]
  • 1518 = sum of first 32 semiprimes,[320] Mertens function zero
  • 1519 = number of polyhexes with 8 cells,[321] Mertens function zero
  • 1520 = pentagonal number,[73] Mertens function zero, forms a Ruth–Aaron pair with 1521 under second definition
  • 1521 = 392, Mertens function zero, centered octagonal number,[184] forms a Ruth–Aaron pair with 1520 under second definition
  • 1522 = k such that 5 × 2k - 1 is prime[243]
  • 1523 = super-prime, Mertens function zero, safe prime,[22] member of the Mian–Chowla sequence[18]
  • 1524 = Mertens function zero, k such that geometric mean of phi(k) and sigma(k) is an integer[296]
  • 1525 = heptagonal number,[68] Mertens function zero
  • 1526 = number of conjugacy classes in the alternating group A27[322]
  • 1527 = number of 2-dimensional partitions of 11,[323] Mertens function zero
  • 1528 = Mertens function zero, rounded total surface area of a regular octahedron with edge length 21[324]
  • 1529 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1530 = vampire number[205]
  • 1531 = prime number, centered decagonal number, Mertens function zero
  • 1532 = number of series-parallel networks with 9 unlabeled edges,[325] Mertens function zero
  • 1533 = 21 × 73 = 21 × 21st prime[213]
  • 1534 = number of achiral integer partitions of 50[256]
  • 1535 = Thabit number
  • 1536 = a common size of microplate, 3-smooth number (29×3), number of threshold functions of exactly 4 variables[326]
  • 1537 = Keith number,[97] Mertens function zero
  • 1538 = number of surface points on a cube with edge-length 17[19]
  • 1539 = maximal number of pieces that can be obtained by cutting an annulus with 54 cuts[117]
  • 1540 = 55th triangular number,[28] hexagonal number,[29] decagonal number,[99] tetrahedral number[129]
  • 1541 = octagonal number[148]
  • 1542 = k such that 2^k starts with k[327]
  • 1543 = prime dividing all Fibonacci sequences,[328] Mertens function zero
  • 1544 = Mertens function zero, number of partitions of integer partitions of 17 where all parts have the same length[329]
  • 1545 = number of reversible string structures with 9 beads using exactly three different colors[330]
  • 1546 = number of 5 X 5 binary matrices with at most one 1 in each row and column,[331] Mertens function zero
  • 1547 = hexagonal pyramidal number
  • 1548 = coreful perfect number[308]
  • 1549 = de Polignac prime[332]
  • 1550 = = number of cards needed to build a 31-tier house of cards with a flat, one-card-wide roof[333]
  • 1551 = 6920 - 5369 = A169952(24) - A169952(23) = A169942(24) = number of Golomb rulers of length 24[334][335]
  • 1552 = Number of partitions of 57 into prime parts
  • 1553 = 509 + 521 + 523 = a prime that is the sum of three consecutive primes[336]
  • 1554 = 2 × 3 × 7 × 37 = product of four distinct primes[337]
  • 15552 divides 61554[338]
  • 1556 = sum of the squares of the first nine primes
  • 1557 = number of graphs with 8 nodes and 13 edges[339]
  • 1558 = number k such that k64 + 1 is prime
  • 1559 = Sophie Germain prime[13]
  • 1560 = pronic number[51]
  • 1561 = a centered octahedral number,[147] number of series-reduced trees with 19 nodes[340]
  • 1562 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 40 circles[206]
  • 1563 = [341]
  • 1564 = sum of totient function for first 71 integers
  • 1565 = and [342]
  • 1566 = number k such that k64 + 1 is prime
  • 1567 = number of partitions of 24 with at least one distinct part[200]
  • 1568 = Achilles number[343]
  • 1569 = 2 × 282 + 1 = number of different 2 × 2 determinants with integer entries from 0 to 28[199]
  • 1570 = 2 × 282 + 2 = number of points on surface of tetrahedron with edgelength 28[141]
  • 1571 = Honaker prime[226]
  • 1572 = member of the Mian–Chowla sequence[18]
  • 1573 = discriminant of a totally real cubic field[290]
  • 1574256 + 1 is prime[344]
  • 1575 = odd abundant number,[345] sum of the nontriangular numbers between successive triangular numbers, number of partitions of 24[202]
  • 157614 == 1 (mod 15^2)[346]
  • 1577 = sum of the quadratic residues of 83[347]
  • 1578 = sum of first 45 composite numbers[179]
  • 1579 = number of partitions of 54 such that the smallest part is greater than or equal to number of parts[225]
  • 1580 = number of achiral integer partitions of 51[256]
  • 1581 = number of edges in the hexagonal triangle T(31)[122]
  • 1582 = a number such that the integer triangle [A070080(1582), A070081(1582), A070082(1582)] has an integer area[348]
  • 1583 = Sophie Germain prime
  • 1584 = triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1585 = Riordan number, centered triangular number[125]
  • 1586 = area of the 23rd conjoined trapezoid[169]
  • 1587 = 3 × 232 = number of edges of a complete tripartite graph of order 69, K23,23,23[349]
  • 1588 = sum of totient function for first 72 integers
  • 1589 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1590 = rounded volume of a regular icosahedron with edge length 9[350]
  • 1591 = rounded volume of a regular octahedron with edge length 15[224]
  • 1592 = sum of all divisors of the first 36 odd numbers[351]
  • 1593 = sum of the first 30 primes
  • 1594 = minimal cost of maximum height Huffman tree of size 17[352]
  • 1595 = number of non-isomorphic set-systems of weight 10
  • 1596 = 56th triangular number[28]
  • 1597 = Fibonacci prime,[353] Markov prime,[238] super-prime, emirp
  • 1598 = number of unimodular 2 × 2 matrices having all terms in {0,1,...,25}[112]
  • 1599 = number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 39[142]

1600 to 1699

[edit]
  • 1600 = 402, structured great rhombicosidodecahedral number,[354] repdigit in base 7 (44447), street number on Pennsylvania Avenue of the White House, length in meters of a common High School Track Event, perfect score on SAT (except from 2005 to 2015)
  • 1601 = Sophie Germain prime, Proth prime,[140] the novel 1601 (Mark Twain)
  • 1602 = number of points on surface of octahedron with edgelength 20[146]
  • 1603 = number of partitions of 27 with nonnegative rank[355]
  • 1604 = number of compositions of 22 into prime parts[356]
  • 1605 = number of polyominoes consisting of 7 regular octagons[357]
  • 1606 = enneagonal pyramidal number[358]
  • 1607 = member of prime triple with 1609 and 1613[359]
  • 1608 = [168]
  • 1609 = cropped hexagonal number[244]
  • 1610 = number of strict partions of 43[108]
  • 1611 = number of rational numbers which can be constructed from the set of integers between 1 and 51[152]
  • 1612 = maximum dimension of Euclidean spaces which suffice for every smooth compact Riemannian 31-manifold to be realizable as a sub-manifold[283]
  • 1613, 1607 and 1619 are all primes[360]
  • 1614 = number of ways of refining the partition 8^1 to get 1^8[361]
  • 1615 = composite number such that the square mean of its prime factors is a nonprime integer[362]
  • 1616 = = number of monotonic triples (x,y,z) in {1,2,...,16}3[363]
  • 1617 = pentagonal number[73]
  • 1618 = centered heptagonal number[69]
  • 1619 = palindromic prime in binary, safe prime[22]
  • 1620 = 809 + 811: sum of twin prime pair[192]
  • 1621 = super-prime, pinwheel number[95]
  • 1622 = semiprime of the form prime + 1[364]
  • 1623 is not the sum of two triangular numbers and a fourth power[365]
  • 1624 = number of squares in the Aztec diamond of order 28[366]
  • 1625 = centered square number[14]
  • 1626 = centered pentagonal number[46]
  • 1627 = prime and 2 × 1627 - 1 = 3253 is also prime[367]
  • 1628 = centered pentagonal number[46]
  • 1629 = rounded volume of a regular tetrahedron with edge length 24[289]
  • 1630 = number k such that k^64 + 1 is prime
  • 1631 = [368]
  • 1632 = number of acute triangles made from the vertices of a regular 18-polygon[369]
  • 1633 = star number[88]
  • 1634 = the smallest four-digit Narcissistic number in base 10
  • 1635 = number of partitions of 56 whose reciprocal sum is an integer[370]
  • 1636 = number of nonnegative solutions to x2 + y2 ≤ 452[254]
  • 1637 = prime island: least prime whose adjacent primes are exactly 30 apart[371]
  • 1638 = harmonic divisor number,[372] 5 × 21638 - 1 is prime[243]
  • 1639 = nonagonal number[180]
  • 1640 = pronic number[51]
  • 1641 = 412 - 41 + 1 = H41 (the 41st Hogben number)[165]
  • 1642 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 41 circles[206]
  • 1643 = sum of first 46 composite numbers[179]
  • 1644 = 821 + 823: sum of twin prime pair[192]
  • 1645 = number of 16-celled pseudo still lifes in Conway's Game of Life, up to rotation and reflection[373]
  • 1646 = number of graphs with 8 nodes and 14 edges[339]
  • 1647 and 1648 are both divisible by cubes[374]
  • 1648 = number of partitions of 343 into distinct cubes[375]
  • 1649 = highly cototient number,[43] Leyland number[115] using 4 & 5 (45 + 54)
  • 1650 = number of cards to build an 33-tier house of cards[164]
  • 1651 = heptagonal number[68]
  • 1652 = number of partitions of 29 into a prime number of parts[110]
  • 1653 = 57th triangular number,[28] hexagonal number,[29] number of lattice points inside a circle of radius 23[120]
  • 1654 = number of partitions of 42 into divisors of 42[376]
  • 1655 = rounded volume of a regular dodecahedron with edge length 6[377]
  • 1656 = 827 + 829: sum of twin prime pair[192]
  • 1657 = cuban prime,[378] prime of the form 2p-1
  • 1658 = smallest composite that when added to sum of prime factors reaches a prime after 25 iterations[280]
  • 1659 = number of rational numbers which can be constructed from the set of integers between 1 and 52[152]
  • 1660 = sum of totient function for first 73 integers
  • 1661 = 11 × 151, palindrome that is a product of two palindromic primes[105]
  • 1662 = number of partitions of 49 into pairwise relatively prime parts[161]
  • 1663 = a prime number and 51663 - 41663 is a 1163-digit prime number[379]
  • 1664 = k such that k, k+1 and k+2 are sums of 2 squares[380]
  • 1665 = centered tetrahedral number[239]
  • 1666 = largest efficient pandigital number in Roman numerals (each symbol occurs exactly once)
  • 1667 = 228 + 1439 and the 228th prime is 1439[285]
  • 1668 = number of partitions of 33 into parts all relatively prime to 33[381]
  • 1669 = super-prime, smallest prime with a gap of exactly 24 to the next prime[382]
  • 1670 = number of compositions of 12 such that at least two adjacent parts are equal[383]
  • 1671 divides the sum of the first 1671 composite numbers[384]
  • 1672 = 412 - 32, the only way to express 1672 as a difference of prime squares[245]
  • 1673 = RMS number[385]
  • 1674 = k such that geometric mean of phi(k) and sigma(k) is an integer[296]
  • 1675 = Kin number[386]
  • 1676 = number of partitions of 34 into parts each of which is used a different number of times[307]
  • 1677 = 412 - 22, the only way to express 1677 as a difference of prime squares[245]
  • 1678 = n such that n32 + 1 is prime[131]
  • 1679 = highly cototient number,[43] semiprime (23 × 73, see also Arecibo message), number of parts in all partitions of 32 into distinct parts[45]
  • 1680 = the 17th highly composite number,[204] number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 40[142]
  • 1681 = 412, smallest number yielded by the formula n2 + n + 41 that is not a prime; centered octagonal number[184]
  • 1682 = and 1683 is a member of a Ruth–Aaron pair (first definition)
  • 1683 = triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1684 = centered triangular number[125]
  • 1685 = 5-Knödel number[134]
  • 1686 = [168]
  • 1687 = 7-Knödel number[130]
  • 1688 = number of finite connected sets of positive integers greater than one with least common multiple 72[387]
  • 1689 = [388]
  • 1690 = number of compositions of 14 into powers of 2[389]
  • 1691 = the same upside down, which makes it a strobogrammatic number[390]
  • 1692 = coreful perfect number[308]
  • 1693 = smallest prime > 412.[149]
  • 1694 = number of unimodular 2 × 2 matrices having all terms in {0,1,...,26}[112]
  • 1695 = magic constant of n × n normal magic square and n-queens problem for n = 15. Number of partitions of 58 into prime parts
  • 1696 = sum of totient function for first 74 integers
  • 1697 = Friedlander-Iwaniec prime[103]
  • 1698 = number of rooted trees with 47 vertices in which vertices at the same level have the same degree[208]
  • 1699 = number of rooted trees with 48 vertices in which vertices at the same level have the same degree[208]

1700 to 1799

[edit]
  • 1700 = σ2(39): sum of squares of divisors of 39[261]
  • 1701 = , decagonal number, hull number of the U.S.S. Enterprise on Star Trek
  • 1702 = palindromic in 3 consecutive bases: 89814, 78715, 6A616
  • 1703 = 1703131131 / 1000077 and the divisors of 1703 are 1703, 131, 13 and 1[391]
  • 1704 = sum of the squares of the parts in the partitions of 18 into two distinct parts[392]
  • 1705 = tribonacci number[393]
  • 1706 = 1 + 4 + 16 + 64 + 256 + 1024 + 256 + 64 + 16 + 4 + 1 sum of fifth row of triangle of powers of 4[394]
  • 1707 = number of partitions of 30 in which the number of parts divides 30[281]
  • 1708 = 22 × 7 × 61 a number whose product of prime indices 1 × 1 × 4 × 18 is divisible by its sum of prime factors 2 + 2 + 7 + 61[395]
  • 1709 = first of a sequence of eight primes formed by adding 57 in the middle. 1709, 175709, 17575709, 1757575709, 175757575709, 17575757575709, 1757575757575709 and 175757575757575709 are all prime, but 17575757575757575709 = 232433 × 75616446785773
  • 1710 = maximal number of pieces that can be obtained by cutting an annulus with 57 cuts[117]
  • 1711 = 58th triangular number,[28] centered decagonal number
  • 1712 = number of irredundant sets in the 29-cocktail party graph[214]
  • 1713 = number of aperiodic rooted trees with 12 nodes[396]
  • 1714 = number of regions formed by drawing the line segments connecting any two of the 18 perimeter points of an 3 × 6 grid of squares[397]
  • 1715 = k such that geometric mean of phi(k) and sigma(k) is an integer[296]
  • 1716 = 857 + 859: sum of twin prime pair[192]
  • 1717 = pentagonal number[73]
  • 1718 = [398]
  • 1719 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1720 = sum of the first 31 primes
  • 1721 = twin prime; number of squares between 422 and 424.[114]
  • 1722 = Giuga number,[399] pronic number[51]
  • 1723 = super-prime
  • 1724 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 42 circles[206]
  • 1725 = 472 - 222 = (prime(15))2 - (nonprime(15))2[400]
  • 1726 = number of partitions of 44 into distinct and relatively prime parts[401]
  • 1727 = area of the 24th conjoined trapezoid[169]
  • 1728 = the quantity expressed as 1000 in duodecimal, that is, the cube of twelve (called a great gross), and so, the number of cubic inches in a cubic foot, palindromic in base 11 (133111) and 23 (36323)
  • 1729 = taxicab number, Carmichael number, Zeisel number, centered cube number, Hardy–Ramanujan number. In the decimal expansion of e the first time all 10 digits appear in sequence starts at the 1729th digit (or 1728th decimal place). In 1979 the rock musical Hair closed on Broadway in New York City after 1729 performances. Palindromic in bases 12, 32, 36.
  • 1730 = 3 × 242 + 2 = number of points on surface of square pyramid of side-length 24[295]
  • 1731 = k such that geometric mean of phi(k) and sigma(k) is an integer[296]
  • 1732 = [402]
  • 1733 = Sophie Germain prime, palindromic in bases 3, 18, 19.
  • 1734 = surface area of a cube of edge length 17[403]
  • 1735 = number of partitions of 55 such that the smallest part is greater than or equal to number of parts[225]
  • 1736 = sum of totient function for first 75 integers, number of surface points on a cube with edge-length 18[19]
  • 1737 = pinwheel number[95]
  • 1738 = number of achiral integer partitions of 52[256]
  • 1739 = number of 1s in all partitions of 30 into odd parts[404]
  • 1740 = number of squares in the Aztec diamond of order 29[366]
  • 1741 = super-prime, centered square number[14]
  • 1742 = number of regions the plane is divided into by 30 ellipses[101]
  • 1743 = wiener index of the windmill graph D(3,21)[128]
  • 1744 = k such that k, k+1 and k+2 are sums of 2 squares[380]
  • 1745 = 5-Knödel number[134]
  • 1746 = number of unit-distance graphs on 8 nodes[405]
  • 1747 = balanced prime[96]
  • 1748 = number of partitions of 55 into distinct parts in which the number of parts divides 55[406]
  • 1749 = number of integer partitions of 33 with no part dividing all the others[230]
  • 1750 = hypotenuse in three different Pythagorean triangles[315]
  • 1751 = cropped hexagone[244]
  • 1752 = 792 - 672, the only way to express 1752 as a difference of prime squares[245]
  • 1753 = balanced prime[96]
  • 1754 = k such that 5*2k - 1 is prime[243]
  • 1755 = number of integer partitions of 50 whose augmented differences are distinct[274]
  • 1756 = centered pentagonal number[46]
  • 1757 = least number of triangles of the Spiral of Theodorus to complete 13 revolutions[210]
  • 1758 = [168]
  • 1759 = de Polignac prime[332]
  • 1760 = the number of yards in a mile
  • 1761 = k such that k, k+1 and k+2 are products of two primes[246]
  • 1762 = number of binary sequences of length 12 and curling number 2[407]
  • 1763 = number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 41[142]
  • 1764 = 422
  • 1765 = number of stacks, or planar partitions of 15[408]
  • 1766 = number of points on surface of octahedron with edge length 21[146]
  • 1767 = σ(282) = σ(352)[409]
  • 1768 = number of nonequivalent dissections of an hendecagon into 8 polygons by nonintersecting diagonals up to rotation[410]
  • 1769 = maximal number of pieces that can be obtained by cutting an annulus with 58 cuts[117]
  • 1770 = 59th triangular number,[28] hexagonal number,[29] Seventeen Seventy, town in Australia
  • 1771 = tetrahedral number[129]
  • 1772 = centered heptagonal number,[69] sum of totient function for first 76 integers
  • 1773 = number of words of length 5 over the alphabet {1,2,3,4,5} such that no two even numbers appear consecutively[411]
  • 1774 = number of rooted identity trees with 15 nodes and 5 leaves[412]
  • 1775 = : sum of piles of first 10 primes[413]
  • 1776 = 24th square star number.[414] The number of pieces that could be seen in a 7 × 7 × 7× 7 Rubik's Tesseract.
  • 1777 = smallest prime > 422.[149]
  • 1778 = least k >= 1 such that the remainder when 6k is divided by k is 22[415]
  • 1779 = number of achiral integer partitions of 53[256]
  • 1780 = number of lattice paths from (0, 0) to (7, 7) using E (1, 0) and N (0, 1) as steps that horizontally cross the diagonal y = x with even many times[416]
  • 1781 = the first 1781 digits of e form a prime[417]
  • 1782 = heptagonal number[68]
  • 1783 = de Polignac prime[332]
  • 1784 = number of subsets of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} such that every pair of distinct elements has a different quotient[418]
  • 1785 = square pyramidal number,[17] triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1786 = centered triangular number[125]
  • 1787 = super-prime, sum of eleven consecutive primes (137 + 139 + 149 + 151 + 157 + 163 + 167 + 173 + 179 + 181 + 191)
  • 1788 = Euler transform of -1, -2, ..., -34[419]
  • 1789 = number of wiggly sums adding to 17 (terms alternately increase and decrease or vice versa)[420]
  • 1790 = number of partitions of 50 into pairwise relatively prime parts[161]
  • 1791 = largest natural number that cannot be expressed as a sum of at most four hexagonal numbers.
  • 1792 = Granville number
  • 1793 = number of lattice points inside a circle of radius 24[120]
  • 1794 = nonagonal number,[180] number of partitions of 33 that do not contain 1 as a part[34]
  • 1795 = number of heptagons with perimeter 38[421]
  • 1796 = k such that geometric mean of phi(k) and sigma(k) is an integer[296]
  • 1797 = number k such that phi(prime(k)) is a square[293]
  • 1798 = 2 × 29 × 31 = 102 × 111012 × 111112, which yield zero when the prime factors are xored together[422]
  • 1799 = 2 × 302 − 1 = a twin square[298]

1800 to 1899

[edit]
  • 1800 = pentagonal pyramidal number,[304] Achilles number, also, in da Ponte's Don Giovanni, the number of women Don Giovanni had slept with so far when confronted by Donna Elvira, according to Leporello's tally
  • 1801 = cuban prime, sum of five and nine consecutive primes (349 + 353 + 359 + 367 + 373 and 179 + 181 + 191 + 193 + 197 + 199 + 211 + 223 + 227)[378]
  • 1802 = 2 × 302 + 2 = number of points on surface of tetrahedron with edge length 30,[141] number of partitions of 30 such that the number of odd parts is a part[173]
  • 1803 = number of decahexes that tile the plane isohedrally but not by translation or by 180-degree rotation (Conway criterion)[423]
  • 1804 = number k such that k^64 + 1 is prime
  • 1805 = number of squares between 432 and 434.[114]
  • 1806 = pronic number,[51] product of first four terms of Sylvester's sequence, primary pseudoperfect number,[424] only number for which n equals the denominator of the nth Bernoulli number,[425] Schröder number[426]
  • 1807 = fifth term of Sylvester's sequence[427]
  • 1808 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 43 circles[206]
  • 1809 = sum of first 17 super-primes[428]
  • 1810 = [429]
  • 1811 = Sophie Germain prime
  • 1812 = n such that n32 + 1 is prime[131]
  • 1813 = number of polyominoes with 26 cells, symmetric about two orthogonal axes[430]
  • 1814 = 1 + 6 + 36 + 216 + 1296 + 216 + 36 + 6 + 1 = sum of 4th row of triangle of powers of six[431]
  • 1815 = polygonal chain number [432]
  • 1816 = number of strict partions of 44[108]
  • 1817 = total number of prime parts in all partitions of 20[433]
  • 1818 = n such that n32 + 1 is prime[131]
  • 1819 = sum of the first 32 primes, minus 32[434]
  • 1820 = pentagonal number,[73] pentatope number,[259] number of compositions of 13 whose run-lengths are either weakly increasing or weakly decreasing[435]
  • 1821 = member of the Mian–Chowla sequence[18]
  • 1822 = number of integer partitions of 43 whose distinct parts are connected[232]
  • 1823 = super-prime, safe prime[22]
  • 1824 = 432 - 52, the only way to express 1824 as a difference of prime squares[245]
  • 1825 = octagonal number[148]
  • 1826 = decagonal pyramidal number[4]
  • 1827 = vampire number[205]
  • 1828 = meandric number, open meandric number, appears twice in the first 10 decimal digits of e
  • 1829 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1830 = 60th triangular number[28]
  • 1831 = smallest prime with a gap of exactly 16 to next prime (1847)[436]
  • 1832 = sum of totient function for first 77 integers
  • 1833 = number of atoms in a decahedron with 13 shells[437]
  • 1834 = octahedral number,[143] sum of the cubes of the first five primes
  • 1835 = absolute value of numerator of [438]
  • 1836 = factor by which a proton is more massive than an electron
  • 1837 = star number[88]
  • 1838 = number of unimodular 2 × 2 matrices having all terms in {0,1,...,27}[112]
  • 1839 = [439]
  • 1840 = 432 - 32, the only way to express 1840 as a difference of prime squares[245]
  • 1841 = solution to the postage stamp problem with 3 denominations and 29 stamps,[440] Mertens function zero
  • 1842 = number of unlabeled rooted trees with 11 nodes[441]
  • 1843 = k such that phi(k) is a perfect cube,[442] Mertens function zero
  • 1844 = 37 - 73,[443] Mertens function zero
  • 1845 = number of partitions of 25 containing at least one prime,[444] Mertens function zero
  • 1846 = sum of first 49 composite numbers[179]
  • 1847 = super-prime
  • 1848 = number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 42[142]
  • 1849 = 432, palindromic in base 6 (= 123216), centered octagonal number[184]
  • 1850 = Number of partitions of 59 into prime parts
  • 1851 = sum of the first 32 primes
  • 1852 = number of quantales on 5 elements, up to isomorphism[445]
  • 1853 = sum of primitive roots of 27-th prime,[446] Mertens function zero
  • 1854 = number of permutations of 7 elements with no fixed points,[447] Mertens function zero
  • 1855 = rencontres number: number of permutations of [7] with exactly one fixed point[448]
  • 1856 = sum of totient function for first 78 integers
  • 1857 = Mertens function zero, pinwheel number[95]
  • 1858 = number of 14-carbon alkanes C14H30 ignoring stereoisomers[449]
  • 1859 = composite de Polignac number[175]
  • 1860 = number of squares in the Aztec diamond of order 30[450]
  • 1861 = centered square number,[14] Mertens function zero
  • 1862 = Mertens function zero, forms a Ruth–Aaron pair with 1863 under second definition
  • 1863 = Mertens function zero, forms a Ruth–Aaron pair with 1862 under second definition
  • 1864 = Mertens function zero, is a prime[451]
  • 1865 = 123456: Largest senary metadrome (number with digits in strict ascending order in base 6)[452]
  • 1866 = Mertens function zero, number of plane partitions of 16 with at most two rows[453]
  • 1867 = prime de Polignac number[332]
  • 1868 = smallest number of complexity 21: smallest number requiring 21 1's to build using +, * and ^[291]
  • 1869 = Hultman number: SH(7, 4)[454]
  • 1870 = decagonal number[99]
  • 1871 = the first prime of the 2 consecutive twin prime pairs: (1871, 1873) and (1877, 1879)[455]
  • 1872 = first Zagreb index of the complete graph K13[294]
  • 1873 = number of Narayana's cows and calves after 21 years[215]
  • 1874 = area of the 25th conjoined trapezoid[169]
  • 1875 = 502 - 252
  • 1876 = number k such that k^64 + 1 is prime
  • 1877 = number of partitions of 39 where 39 divides the product of the parts[456]
  • 1878 = n such that n32 + 1 is prime[131]
  • 1879 = a prime with square index[457]
  • 1880 = the 10th element of the self convolution of Lucas numbers[458]
  • 1881 = tricapped prism number[459]
  • 1882 = number of linearly separable Boolean functions in 4 variables[460]
  • 1883 = number of conjugacy classes in the alternating group A28[322]
  • 1884 = k such that 5*2k - 1 is prime[243]
  • 1885 = Zeisel number[282]
  • 1886 = number of partitions of 64 into fourth powers[461]
  • 1887 = number of edges in the hexagonal triangle T(34)[122]
  • 1888 = primitive abundant number (abundant number all of whose proper divisors are deficient numbers)[262]
  • 1889 = Sophie Germain prime, highly cototient number[43]
  • 1890 = triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1891 = 61st triangular number,[28] sum of 5 consecutive primes (367 + 373 + 379 + 383 + 389) hexagonal number,[29] centered pentagonal number,[46] centered triangular number[125]
  • 1892 = pronic number[51]
  • 1893 = 442 - 44 + 1 = H44 (the 44th Hogben number)[165]
  • 1894 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 44 circles[206]
  • 1895 = Stern-Jacobsthal number[250]
  • 1896 = member of the Mian-Chowla sequence[18]
  • 1897 = member of Padovan sequence,[75] number of triangle-free graphs on 9 vertices[462]
  • 1898 = smallest multiple of n whose digits sum to 26[463]
  • 1899 = cropped hexagone[244]

1900 to 1999

[edit]
  • 1900 = number of primes <= 214[25]
  • 1901 = Sophie Germain prime, centered decagonal number
  • 1902 = number of symmetric plane partitions of 27[464]
  • 1903 = generalized Catalan number[465]
  • 1904 = number of flat partitions of 43[314]
  • 1905 = Fermat pseudoprime[100]
  • 1906 = number n such that 3n - 8 is prime[466]
  • 1907 = safe prime,[22] balanced prime[96]
  • 1908 = coreful perfect number[308]
  • 1909 = hyperperfect number[467]
  • 1910 = number of compositions of 13 having exactly one fixed point[468]
  • 1911 = heptagonal pyramidal number[151]
  • 1912 = size of 6th maximum raising after one blind in pot-limit poker[469]
  • 1913 = super-prime, Honaker prime[226]
  • 1914 = number of bipartite partitions of 12 white objects and 3 black ones[470]
  • 1915 = number of nonisomorphic semigroups of order 5[471]
  • 1916 = sum of first 50 composite numbers[179]
  • 1917 = number of partitions of 51 into pairwise relatively prime parts[161]
  • 1918 = heptagonal number[68]
  • 1919 = smallest number with reciprocal of period length 36 in base 10[472]
  • 1920 = sum of the nontriangular numbers between successive triangular numbers 120 and 136,
  • 1921 = 4-dimensional centered cube number[473]
  • 1922 = Area of a square with diagonal 62[54]
  • 1923 = 2 × 312 + 1 = number of different 2 X 2 determinants with integer entries from 0 to 31[199]
  • 1924 = 2 × 312 + 2 = number of points on surface of tetrahedron with edge length 31,[141] sum of the first 36 semiprimes[474]
  • 1925 = number of ways to write 24 as an orderless product of orderless sums[109]
  • 1926 = pentagonal number[73]
  • 1927 = 211 - 112[475]
  • 1928 = number of distinct values taken by 2^2^...^2 (with 13 2's and parentheses inserted in all possible ways)[476]
  • 1929 = Mertens function zero, number of integer partitions of 42 whose distinct parts are connected[232]
  • 1930 = number of pairs of consecutive integers x, x+1 such that all prime factors of both x and x+1 are at most 53[316]
  • 1931 = Sophie Germain prime
  • 1932 = number of partitions of 40 into prime power parts[209]
  • 1933 = centered heptagonal number,[69] Honaker prime[226]
  • 1934 = sum of totient function for first 79 integers
  • 1935 = number of edges in the join of two cycle graphs, both of order 43[142]
  • 1936 = 442, 18-gonal number,[477] 324-gonal number.
  • 1937 = number of chiral n-ominoes in 12-space, one cell labeled[478]
  • 1938 = Mertens function zero, number of points on surface of octahedron with edge length 22[146]
  • 1939 = 7-Knödel number[130]
  • 1940 = the Mahonian number: T(8, 9)[189]
  • 1941 = maximal number of regions obtained by joining 16 points around a circle by straight lines[479]
  • 1942 = number k for which 10k + 1, 10k + 3, 10k + 7, 10k + 9 and 10k + 13 are primes[480]
  • 1943 = largest number not the sum of distinct tetradecagonal numbers[481]
  • 1944 = 3-smooth number (23×35), Achilles number[343]
  • 1945 = number of partitions of 25 into relatively prime parts such that multiplicities of parts are also relatively prime[482]
  • 1946 = number of surface points on a cube with edge-length 19[19]
  • 1947 = k such that 5·2k + 1 is a prime factor of a Fermat number 22m + 1 for some m[483]
  • 1948 = number of strict solid partitions of 20[91]
  • 1949 = smallest prime > 442.[149]
  • 1950 = ,[484] largest number not the sum of distinct pentadecagonal numbers[481]
  • 1951 = cuban prime[378]
  • 1952 = number of covers of {1, 2, 3, 4}[485]
  • 1953 = hexagonal prism number,[486] 62nd triangular number[28]
  • 1954 = number of sum-free subsets of {1, ..., 16}[273]
  • 1955 = number of partitions of 25 with at least one distinct part[200]
  • 1956 = nonagonal number[180]
  • 1957 = = total number of ordered k-tuples (k=0,1,2,3,4,5,6) of distinct elements from an 6-element set[487]
  • 1958 = number of partitions of 25[202]
  • 1959 = Heptanacci-Lucas number[488]
  • 1960 = number of parts in all partitions of 33 into distinct parts[45]
  • 1961 = number of lattice points inside a circle of radius 25[120]
  • 1962 = number of edges in the join of the complete graph K36 and the cycle graph C36[489]
  • 1963! - 1 is prime[490]
  • 1964 = number of linear forests of planted planar trees with 8 nodes[491]
  • 1965 = total number of parts in all partitions of 17[65]
  • 1966 = sum of totient function for first 80 integers
  • 1967 = least edge-length of a square dissectable into at least 30 squares in the Mrs. Perkins's quilt problem[492]
  • σ(1968) = σ(1967) + σ(1966)[493]
  • 1969 = Only value less than four million for which a "mod-ification" of the standard Ackermann Function does not stabilize[494]
  • 1970 = number of compositions of two types of 9 having no even parts[495]
  • 1971 = [496]
  • 1972 = n such that is prime[497]
  • 1973 = Sophie Germain prime, Leonardo prime
  • 1974 = number of binary vectors of length 17 containing no singletons[181]
  • 1975 = number of partitions of 28 with nonnegative rank[355]
  • 1976 = octagonal number[148]
  • 1977 = number of non-isomorphic multiset partitions of weight 9 with no singletons[498]
  • 1978 = n such that n | (3n + 5)[499]
  • 1979 = number of squares between 452 and 454,[114] smallest number that is the sum of 4 positive cubes in at least 4 ways[500]
  • 1980 = pronic number,[51] highly abundant number with a greater sum of proper divisors than all smaller numbers[501]
  • 1981 = pinwheel number,[95] central polygonal number[30]
  • 1982 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 45 circles,[206] a number with the property that 31982 - 1982 is prime[502]
  • 1983 = skiponacci number[121]
  • 1984 = 11111000000 in binary, nonunitary perfect number,[503] see also: 1984 (disambiguation)
  • 1985 = centered square number[14]
  • 1986 = number of ways to write 25 as an orderless product of orderless sums[109]
  • 1987 = 300th prime number
  • 1988 = sum of the first 33 primes,[504] sum of the first 51 composite numbers[505]
  • 1989 = number of balanced primes less than 100,000,[506] number of 9-step mappings with 4 inputs[263]
  • 1990 = Stella octangula number
  • 1991 = 11 × 181, the 46th Gullwing number,[507] palindromic composite number with only palindromic prime factors[508]
  • 1992 = number of nonisomorphic sets of nonempty subsets of a 4-set[509]
  • 1993 = a number with the property that 41993 - 31993 is prime,[510] number of partitions of 30 into a prime number of parts[110]
  • 1994 = Glaisher's function W(37)[511]
  • 1995 = number of unlabeled graphs on 9 vertices with independence number 6[512]
  • 1996 = a number with the property that (1996! + 3)/3 is prime[513]
  • 1997 = [514]
  • 1998 = triangular matchstick number[48]
  • 1999 = centered triangular number,[515] number of regular forms in a myriagram.

Prime numbers

[edit]

There are 135 prime numbers between 1000 and 2000:[516][517]

1009, 1013, 1019, 1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087, 1091, 1093, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153, 1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1201, 1213, 1217, 1223, 1229, 1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, 1297, 1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381, 1399, 1409, 1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, 1499, 1511, 1523, 1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, 1597, 1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663, 1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811, 1823, 1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, 1889, 1901, 1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993, 1997, 1999

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
1000 is the natural number following 999 and preceding 1001, equal to 10310^3 and the cube of 10. It is an even composite number with prime factorization 23×532^3 \times 5^3, consisting of six prime factors (three 2s and three 5s). As the smallest four-digit number in the decimal system, 1000 holds significance in mathematics as a perfect cube, a Hamming number, and an abundant number, where the sum of its proper divisors (1340) exceeds the number itself by 340. In various numeral systems, 1000 is represented differently: in binary as 1111101000 (base 2), in octal as 1750 (base 8), and in hexadecimal as 3E8 (base 16). The Roman numeral for 1000 is M, derived from the Latin mille ('thousand'), which also originates the modern 'mile' as one thousand paces (mille passus), a unit tied to footsteps through history. It forms the basis for denoting thousands in historical and modern contexts, such as clock faces and book chapters. In the International System of Units (SI), 1000 corresponds to the prefix "kilo-" (symbol k), multiplying a base unit by 10310^3, as standardized by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The English word "thousand" originates from Old English þūsend, akin to Proto-Germanic *þūsundī, meaning a large multitude or "swollen hundred," reflecting its historical use to denote a significant quantity. Culturally, 1000 symbolizes completeness and vastness in expressions across languages, such as "a thousand thanks" (tusen takk in Norwegian) or "a thousand pardons" in English, emphasizing abundance or exaggeration. In measurement and computing, it underpins scales like kilometers (1000 meters) and kilobytes (approximately 1000 bytes in decimal contexts), facilitating practical quantification in science and technology.

Notation and representation

Decimal system and place value

In the decimal system, also known as base-10, the number 1000 is defined as 10310^3, representing one thousand units. This positional notation relies on the powers of 10, where each digit's value depends on its position relative to the decimal point, enabling efficient representation of large quantities. The breakdown of 1000 illustrates this place value structure: it occupies the thousands place, which is the third position from the right in a whole number. Mathematically, 1000=1×103+0×102+0×101+0×1001000 = 1 \times 10^3 + 0 \times 10^2 + 0 \times 10^1 + 0 \times 10^0, where the leading 1 signifies one group of 1,000 units, and the trailing zeros fill the hundreds, tens, and units places without adding value. This system contrasts with non-positional notations, such as the Roman numeral M for 1000, by using zeros as placeholders to denote absence in lower places. The historical evolution of decimal place value traces back to ancient Babylonian sexagesimal (base-60) numerals around 2000 BCE, which employed positional notation but lacked a zero symbol, leading to ambiguities in interpretation. This progressed with the development of the Hindu-Arabic system in India between the 5th and 7th centuries CE, notably by Aryabhata (c. 499 CE) who introduced the modern place-value zero and accurate sine tables, and Brahmagupta (628 CE) with the first arithmetic rules for zero and negative numbers, where positional decimal notation incorporated the zero as a placeholder, fully enabling unambiguous place value. Arabic mathematicians adopted and refined this zero-based decimal system by the 9th century, facilitating its transmission to Europe and global standardization. A place value chart visually clarifies this for 1000:
ThousandsHundredsTensUnits
1000
This chart demonstrates how shifting digits across places multiplies their value by powers of 10, underscoring the system's scalability for numbers beyond 1000.

Representations in other numeral systems

In numeral systems other than the decimal base-10, which serves as the standard for everyday numerical representation, the number 1000 is expressed using bases that align closely with binary data processing in computing. In binary (base-2), 1000 is represented as 1111101000, equivalent to 29+28+27+26+25+23=512+256+128+64+32+82^9 + 2^8 + 2^7 + 2^6 + 2^5 + 2^3 = 512 + 256 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 8. This 10-bit sequence reflects the powers of 2 that sum to 1000, illustrating how binary encodes decimal values through bit positions. The hexadecimal (base-16) representation of 1000 is 3E8, calculated as 3×162+14×16+8=3×256+224+83 \times 16^2 + 14 \times 16 + 8 = 3 \times 256 + 224 + 8. Here, digits beyond 9 use letters (E for 14), providing a compact notation for binary equivalents since each hex digit corresponds to four binary digits. In octal (base-8), 1000 appears as 1750, derived from 1×83+7×82+5×8+0=512+448+40+01 \times 8^3 + 7 \times 8^2 + 5 \times 8 + 0 = 512 + 448 + 40 + 0. Octal groups binary digits into threes, offering another efficient shorthand for binary manipulation. To convert a decimal number like 1000 to another base, such as binary, apply the repeated division method: divide the number by the target base (2 for binary), record the remainder, and repeat with the quotient until it reaches zero; the binary representation is the remainders read from last to first. For 1000:
  • 1000 ÷ 2 = 500 remainder 0
  • 500 ÷ 2 = 250 remainder 0
  • 250 ÷ 2 = 125 remainder 0
  • 125 ÷ 2 = 62 remainder 1
  • 62 ÷ 2 = 31 remainder 0
  • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 remainder 1
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 remainder 1
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 1
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1
Reading the remainders upward yields 1111101000. This algorithm extends to other bases by dividing by the base value and using remainders 0 through base-1. These non-decimal representations, particularly hexadecimal and binary, are prevalent in computing for tasks like memory addressing, where hex condenses long binary addresses into readable forms— for instance, address 0x3E8 points to the 1001st byte (offset 1000).

Symbolic and historical notations

In the Roman numeral system, the number 1000 was classically represented by the symbol ↀ, an encircling form derived from Etruscan tally marks that enclosed a central stroke to denote a large grouping, as seen in ancient inscriptions and coins from the Republican era. This evolved into variants like |ↂ|, where vertical bars flanked a reversed C to emphasize enclosure, used in classical texts and monuments up to the early Imperial period. By the medieval era, particularly from the 6th century onward as noted by grammarian Priscian, the simplified letter M—initially an abbreviation for mille (thousand)—became the standardized symbol, reflecting a shift toward alphabetic efficiency in manuscripts and legal documents. Ancient Greek notations for 1000 varied by system. In the Attic (acrophonic) system, prevalent from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE, it was denoted by Χ (chi), standing for χίλια (chilia, thousand), often repeated for multiples like ΧΧ for 2000. The later Ionic (alphabetic) system, emerging around the 4th century BCE and used in scientific works like those of Archimedes, represented 1000 as ͵α, where α (alpha, 1) received a sublinear stroke (͵) to indicate multiplication by 1000, with myria (M for 10,000) employed for higher orders in large computations. In Chinese notation, 1000 is symbolized by the character 千 (qiān), which according to the Shuowen Jiezi (c. 100 CE) means "ten times one hundred" and is formed from 十 (ten) and 人 (person), possibly with phonetic origins or representing multitude in ancient scripts. In oracle bone inscriptions from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE), it appears as a pictograph resembling rice stalks, evoking abundance. This character integrated into the rod numeral system by the Warring States period (475–221 BCE), where counting rods on a board placed horizontal rods in the thousands position to form the equivalent of 千, facilitating place-value calculations in administrative and astronomical texts like the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art (c. 100 BCE). Egyptian hieroglyphic notation for 1000 employed the lotus flower symbol (Gardiner sign M13), an additive decimal marker repeated as needed, as evidenced in temple inscriptions from the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BCE) onward, such as those at Edfu detailing offerings and measurements. Mayan numerals, a vigesimal (base-20) system from the Classic period (c. 250–900 CE), approximated 1000 through stacked glyphs of dots (1 each) and bars (5 each), with a shell for zero; specifically, 1000 equates to 2 in the 360s place (two dots), 14 in the 20s place (two bars and four dots), and 0 in the ones place (shell), adjusting for their modified place values in calendrical codices like the Dresden Codex. Modern English abbreviations for 1000, such as "k" and "thou," trace to practical notations in 15th-century trade ledgers, where "thou" shortened "thousand" for brevity in merchant accounts, evolving from Middle English scribal practices. The "k" form, derived from Greek kilo (thousand), gained prevalence in the 19th century with the metric system's adoption (1795), appearing in scientific and financial contexts by the early 20th century to denote thousands efficiently.

Mathematical properties

Basic arithmetic and divisibility

The prime factorization of 1000 is 23×532^3 \times 5^3. This decomposition arises from expressing 1000 as 10310^3, where 10=2×510 = 2 \times 5. The positive divisors of 1000 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 125, 200, 250, 500, and 1000. The sum of these divisors, denoted σ(1000)\sigma(1000), equals 2340. Multiples of 1000 include 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and so on, forming an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 1000. In basic arithmetic, multiplying 1000 by any positive integer nn yields a number formed by appending three zeros to nn, such as 1000×3=30001000 \times 3 = 3000. Addition and subtraction with 1000 often highlight patterns in decimal representation; for example, 1000+999=19991000 + 999 = 1999 and 10001=9991000 - 1 = 999. Due to its decimal representation ending in three zeros, 1000 is always divisible by 2 (last digit even), 4 (last two digits 00 divisible by 4), 5 (last digit 0), 8 (last three digits 000 divisible by 8), and 10 (last digit 0).

Number-theoretic characteristics

In number theory, 1000 exhibits several notable properties related to its prime factorization 1000=23×531000 = 2^3 \times 5^3. Euler's totient function ϕ(1000)\phi(1000), which counts the number of positive integers up to 1000 that are coprime to 1000, evaluates to 400 using the formula ϕ(n)=npn(11/p)\phi(n) = n \prod_{p \mid n} (1 - 1/p), where the product is over distinct prime factors pp of nn. This value arises from ϕ(1000)=1000×(11/2)×(11/5)=1000×1/2×4/5=400\phi(1000) = 1000 \times (1 - 1/2) \times (1 - 1/5) = 1000 \times 1/2 \times 4/5 = 400. The sum-of-divisors function σ(1000)\sigma(1000), which sums all positive divisors of 1000, equals 2340, computed multiplicatively as σ(1000)=(1+2+4+8)(1+5+25+125)=15×156=2340\sigma(1000) = (1 + 2 + 4 + 8)(1 + 5 + 25 + 125) = 15 \times 156 = 2340. Since σ(1000)=2340>2×1000=2000\sigma(1000) = 2340 > 2 \times 1000 = 2000, 1000 is an abundant number, with abundance σ(1000)2×1000=340>0\sigma(1000) - 2 \times 1000 = 340 > 0, distinguishing it from perfect numbers (where abundance is 0) and deficient numbers (where abundance is negative). Additionally, 1000 is a Harshad number (also known as a Niven number), as it is divisible by the sum of its decimal digits: 1+0+0+0=11 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 1 and 1000÷1=10001000 \div 1 = 1000. Under the Collatz conjecture, which posits that iteratively applying the rule—divide by 2 if even, or multiply by 3 and add 1 if odd—eventually reaches 1 for any positive integer, the hailstone sequence starting from 1000 has 111 steps:
1000,500,250,125,376,188,94,47,142,71,214,107,322,161,484,242,121,364,182,91,274,137,412,206,103,310,155,466,233,700,350,175,526,263,790,395,1186,593,1780,890,445,1336,668,334,167,502,251,754,377,1132,566,283,850,425,1276,638,319,958,479,1438,719,2158,1079,3238,1619,4858,2429,7288,3644,1822,911,2734,1367,4102,2051,6154,3077,9232,4616,2308,1154,577,1732,866,433,1300,650,325,976,488,244,122,61,184,92,46,23,70,35,106,53,160,80,40,20,10,5,16,8,4,2,1.1000, 500, 250, 125, 376, 188, 94, 47, 142, 71, 214, 107, 322, 161, 484, 242, 121, 364, 182, 91, 274, 137, 412, 206, 103, 310, 155, 466, 233, 700, 350, 175, 526, 263, 790, 395, 1186, 593, 1780, 890, 445, 1336, 668, 334, 167, 502, 251, 754, 377, 1132, 566, 283, 850, 425, 1276, 638, 319, 958, 479, 1438, 719, 2158, 1079, 3238, 1619, 4858, 2429, 7288, 3644, 1822, 911, 2734, 1367, 4102, 2051, 6154, 3077, 9232, 4616, 2308, 1154, 577, 1732, 866, 433, 1300, 650, 325, 976, 488, 244, 122, 61, 184, 92, 46, 23, 70, 35, 106, 53, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1.
The maximum value in this path is 9232, illustrating the conjecture's oscillatory behavior before converging.

Role in sequences and patterns

1000 holds a prominent position in the geometric sequence of powers of 10, where it equals 10310^3 and follows 1, 10, and 100. This sequence arises naturally in decimal notation and scaling, with each term multiplying the previous by 10. Although 1000 is not itself a factorial, it lies between consecutive factorial values: 6!=7206! = 720 and 7!=50407! = 5040. Factorials grow rapidly, and 1000 approximates the scale of smaller ones but exceeds none exactly in this range. In the Fibonacci sequence, defined by F1=1F_1 = 1, F2=1F_2 = 1, and Fn=Fn1+Fn2F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2} for n>2n > 2, 1000 approximates F16=987F_{16} = 987 and falls short of F17=1597F_{17} = 1597. This placement highlights 1000's proximity to terms in this classic recursive pattern, often studied for its growth approximating the golden ratio. The decimal expansion of π is conjectured to contain every finite sequence of digits. The sequence 1000 first appears starting at the 854th decimal place after the decimal point (i.e., digits 854–857: 1000). This occurrence exemplifies the suspected normalcy of π's digits, where such four-digit runs emerge without deliberate pattern. 1000 also relates to other figurate number sequences, such as triangular numbers given by Tn=n(n+1)2T_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}. It exceeds T44=990T_{44} = 990 but precedes T45=1035T_{45} = 1035. Similarly, among perfect squares k2k^2, 1000 is between 312=96131^2 = 961 and 322=102432^2 = 1024. These positions illustrate 1000's interpolation within additive and multiplicative patterns fundamental to number theory.

Applications in science and measurement

In the metric system

In the International System of Units (SI), the number 1000 serves as the foundational scaling factor for the prefix "kilo-", which denotes multiplication by 10310^3. This prefix is applied to base units to form derived units such as the kilometer (km), where 1 km equals 1000 meters, and the kilogram (kg), where 1 kg equals 1000 grams. The kilo- prefix is one of the original metric prefixes established to facilitate decimal-based measurements, enabling straightforward conversions across scales. The metric system, including the kilo- prefix, was formalized during the French Revolution in 1795 as part of efforts to create a universal, decimal-based system of measurement. The term "kilo-" derives from the Greek word "chilia," meaning thousand, reflecting its role in denoting quantities of one thousand. This adoption was driven by the desire for a rational system aligned with the decimal nature of the number 1000, which simplifies arithmetic operations in scientific and everyday applications. Practical examples of the kilo- prefix abound in various SI units. For instance, 1000 liters form 1 cubic meter, a key relation in volume measurements for water and other substances. Similarly, 1000 hertz equals 1 kilohertz, commonly used in frequency contexts like audio and electronics. These applications underscore 1000's utility in scaling measurements without altering the base unit's fundamental definition. The alignment of 1000 with the base-10 decimal system enhances its effectiveness in the metric framework, allowing intuitive scaling—such as shifting three decimal places—for conversions between units like grams to kilograms or meters to kilometers. This decimal compatibility was a deliberate design choice in the metric system's development to promote ease of use in education, trade, and science. Despite its widespread use, exceptions exist in certain domains; for example, the kilosecond (ks, equal to 1000 seconds) is rarely employed in everyday or scientific contexts, where minutes, hours, or other non-metric time units predominate due to historical conventions in timekeeping.

In computing and data storage

In computing, the number 1000 plays a significant role in data storage conventions, particularly in the distinction between decimal and binary prefixes for byte measurements. Traditionally, a kilobyte (KB) in computing contexts has been defined as 1024 bytes (2^10), reflecting the binary nature of digital systems where memory and storage are organized in powers of two. This convention arose because 1024 is the nearest power of two to 1000, facilitating efficient addressing in early computers. However, to align with the International System of Units (SI) where "kilo" denotes 10^3, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standardized in 1998 that 1 kilobyte (kB) equals exactly 1000 bytes, introducing the binary prefix "kibibyte" (KiB) for 1024 bytes to avoid ambiguity. This decimal-binary divide extends to larger units, influencing storage device marketing and operating system reporting. Hard drive manufacturers, following industry standards, label capacities using decimal prefixes; for instance, 1 terabyte (TB) is marketed as 10^12 bytes (1000^4), which operating systems often display in binary terms as approximately 931 gibibytes (GiB, or 2^40 bytes). This practice, established since the late 20th century and unchanged as of 2025, leads to perceived discrepancies in usable space but ensures consistency with SI scaling for consumer-facing specifications. Historically, the 1024-byte kilobyte was adopted in the 1960s as computing pioneers adapted binary addressing for memory blocks, a convention that persisted until the IEC's clarification pushed decimal usage in storage labeling. Beyond storage, 1000 serves as a practical constant in programming and system design. For time measurements, 1 second is defined as 1000 milliseconds (ms), a decimal-based unit widely used in software for timing functions, such as delays or timestamps in languages like Java and Python. In memory addressing, RAM capacities are typically expressed in binary multiples (e.g., 1 GB = 1024 MB), but 1000 is often approximated in rough estimates or user interfaces for simplicity, such as describing "1 GB" as about 1000 MB in educational contexts. Additionally, in algorithm benchmarking, 1000 elements frequently serve as an initial dataset size for evaluating sorting algorithms like quicksort or mergesort, providing a manageable scale to assess time complexity before scaling to larger inputs.

Other scientific contexts

In astronomy, the scale of 1000 light-years provides a benchmark for distances to nearby stellar structures within the Milky Way. For example, the Hyades open cluster, the nearest such cluster to Earth, lies approximately 150 light-years away, while 1000 light-years extends toward the outer regions of the Orion Arm, our local spiral arm that spans about 3500 light-years in width. In physics, particularly particle physics, 1000 electronvolts (eV) defines 1 kiloelectronvolt (keV), a unit commonly used to measure energy thresholds for interactions such as electron recoils in detectors. This scale is relevant for phenomena like soft X-ray emissions and low-energy particle detections, where thresholds around 1 keV enable studies of rare events, including potential dark matter signals in liquid argon time projection chambers. In biology, 1000 base pairs of DNA correspond to one kilobase (kb), a standard unit for quantifying the length of genetic segments in genomic analyses. Additionally, population genetics studies often employ timescales of around 1000 generations to estimate divergence between human populations, providing insights into evolutionary histories through linkage disequilibrium patterns. In chemistry, 1000 parts per million (ppm) serves as a common standard for expressing low concentrations of solutes, equivalent to 0.1% by weight or volume, and is widely used in analytical standards for trace element detection. In recent planetary defense efforts post-2020, benchmarks for asteroid detection focus on objects larger than 1 kilometer (1000 meters) in diameter, as these pose potential global impact risks; NASA's strategies emphasize characterizing all such near-Earth objects to enable mitigation planning.

Historical and cultural significance

In chronology and history

In medieval Europe, the approach of the year 1000 AD elicited widespread apocalyptic fears among clergy and laity, fueled by interpretations of biblical prophecies such as those in the Book of Revelation, which some linked to the completion of a thousand-year reign of peace before the end times. These anxieties, often termed the "Y1K problem" by modern historians, manifested in heightened religious fervor, increased pilgrimages, and donations to churches, though contemporary records show no uniform societal collapse and debate persists on the extent of panic due to sparse documentation. This phenomenon has been analogized to the Y2K computer glitch fears at the turn of the 21st century, where technical uncertainties amplified millennial dread, highlighting recurring human responses to round-number transitions. The year 1000 AD also served as a pivotal marker in calendar systems like the Julian and later Gregorian calendars, which count years from the Anno Domini epoch without a year zero, making AD 1 to AD 1000 the precise span of the first millennium. This round number symbolized the end of an era in Christian historiography, prompting reflections on divine history and the passage of time, with the Julian calendar—still in use across much of Europe—providing the framework for these computations until the Gregorian reform in 1582. Millennium celebrations in the year 2000 AD, observed globally with fireworks, concerts, and official events, commemorated the 1000-year anniversary from 1000 AD as the close of the second millennium (AD 1001–2000), blending secular festivity with echoes of historical millennialism despite purists noting the third millennium began in 2001. In archaeological timelines of the Near East, the Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–1200 BCE) was a period of interconnected city-states, palace economies, and international trade networks spanning Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and the Levant, ending with widespread collapse around 1200 BCE. The year 1000 BCE marks a key point in the subsequent early Iron Age, serving as a benchmark for studying transitions from the Bronze Age collapse, with artifacts such as cuneiform tablets and bronze weaponry illustrating the prior era's peak cultural complexity. Modern historiography frequently employs 1000 AD as a benchmark for demographic analysis, with estimates placing the global population at approximately 300 million, reflecting slow growth amid medieval plagues, famines, and regional stability in areas like China and the Islamic world. This figure, derived from historical records and archaeological proxies, highlights 1000 AD's role in tracing long-term population trends, such as Europe's recovery from the fall of Rome and Asia's dominance in world totals.

Symbolic meanings across cultures

In Abrahamic religions, particularly Christianity, the number 1000 holds profound eschatological significance through the concept of the millennial reign described in the Book of Revelation. Revelation 20:1-6 depicts Satan being bound for a thousand years, during which Christ reigns with resurrected saints in a period of unparalleled peace, justice, and restoration on earth, symbolizing the ultimate triumph of divine order over chaos. This imagery underscores themes of completeness and divine fulfillment, influencing theological interpretations across premillennial, postmillennial, and amillennial traditions. In Eastern traditions, 1000 symbolizes spiritual perfection and boundless enlightenment. In Hinduism and Buddhism, the thousand-petaled lotus, known as sahasrara, represents the crown chakra at the pinnacle of the subtle body, embodying the full blossoming of consciousness, purity, and union with the divine. Similarly, in Mahayana Buddhism, the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara is depicted in his thousand-armed form, with each arm signifying the infinite capacity for compassionate action to aid all suffering beings across the universe, while the thousand eyes in the palms denote all-seeing wisdom. In Chinese culture, 1000 evokes ideas of abundance, completeness, and enduring gratitude. The idiom 千恩万谢 (qiān ēn wàn xiè), meaning "a thousand gratitudes and ten thousand thanks," expresses overwhelming appreciation, using hyperbolic multiples to convey totality and depth of emotion in interpersonal relations. Likewise, the preserved duck egg known as pidan, or "thousand-year egg," despite its shorter actual preservation period, symbolizes longevity and prosperity through its transformation into a jewel-like form resembling gold and jade—auspicious emblems of wealth and eternal life in Confucian and folk traditions. In Norse mythology and sagas, large numbers like 1000 often function symbolically to denote vastness and overwhelming scale, particularly in depictions of fleets and armies that represent communal power and fateful endeavors. Ships themselves embody freedom, destiny, and the perilous journey between worlds, with exaggerated numerics amplifying the epic scope of heroic voyages and conquests. In modern contexts, 1000 serves as a milestone marker for personal and collective achievements, signifying culmination, resilience, and new phases. For instance, reaching 1000 days of sobriety in recovery programs symbolizes sustained transformation and hope, while broader cultural uses—like "1000 followers" on social platforms or annual "1000 best" lists—highlight progression toward wholeness and recognition.

In literature and arts

In literature, the number 1000 prominently features in the framing narrative of One Thousand and One Nights, a collection of Middle Eastern folk tales compiled during the Islamic Golden Age. The story revolves around Scheherazade, who marries the king Shahryar and averts her execution by captivating him with incomplete tales each night, sustaining this practice for 1001 nights until he spares her life and they marry. This structure symbolizes endurance and the transformative power of storytelling, influencing global literature from the 18th century onward through translations like Antoine Galland's French edition. Poetry often employs 1000 to evoke multiplicity, mystery, or emotional depth. In Francis William Bourdillon's 1873 poem "The Night Has a Thousand Eyes," the number contrasts superficial observations with profound insight: "The night has a thousand eyes, / And the day but one; / Yet the light of the bright world dies / With the dying sun. / The mind has a thousand eyes." Originally published in Aucassin and Nicolette, this work highlights 1000 as a metaphor for hidden truths, later gaining fame through recitations in literature and media. Similarly, Safia Elhillo's contemporary poem "1000" (2019) uses the number to explore themes of youth, shame, and fragmented identity in girlhood, drawing on personal and cultural introspection. In music, 1000 appears in titles and lyrics to convey vast distance or longing. Vanessa Carlton's 2002 hit "A Thousand Miles," from her debut album Be Not Nobody, features the refrain "If I could fall into the sky / Do you think time would pass me by? / 'Cause you know I'd walk a thousand miles / If I could just see you tonight," capturing themes of unrequited love and determination; the piano-driven track topped charts worldwide, earning platinum certification. N.E.R.D and Future's 2017 collaboration "1000," from the album No One Ever Really Dies, uses the number in a hip-hop context to denote abundance and rebellion, with lyrics like "Assemblin' a riot / Tempting and circling defiance," reflecting chaotic energy. Visual arts have incorporated 1000 for structural or commemorative purposes. Randall Munroe's webcomic xkcd issue #1000 (2012) arranges over 1,000 recurring characters into the shape of the numeral "1000," celebrating the milestone while embedding a connect-the-dots puzzle in binary code that spells "Connect the dots"; this self-referential piece exemplifies webcomics' blend of humor and mathematics. In film and television, 1000 often marks historical turning points or epic scales. Nicolas Winding Refn's Valhalla Rising (2009) is set in 1000 AD, depicting a one-eyed Norse warrior's brutal escape from captivity in medieval Scotland and his voyage with Christian crusaders to an unknown land (implied as North America), exploring themes of paganism versus emerging Christianity amid visions and violence. The film's stark, atmospheric cinematography underscores the era's harsh transitions at the dawn of the second millennium.

Numbers from 1001 to 1099

The integers from 1001 to 1099 represent a narrow range within the thousands, featuring several numbers with distinct mathematical properties, including factorizations, compositeness, and primality. This segment includes composite numbers like 1001, which factors as 7×11×137 \times 11 \times 13, making it the product of three consecutive primes. Similarly, 1008 is a highly composite number, possessing more divisors (30 in total) than any smaller positive integer, with its prime factorization 24×32×72^4 \times 3^2 \times 7. Another notable entry is 1024, a power of 2 expressed as 2102^{10}, which also equals the square of 32 (322=102432^2 = 1024). Patterns within this range highlight structural curiosities, such as palindromic numbers that read the same forwards and backwards, including 1001. These palindromes contribute to the aesthetic and symmetric properties observed in decimal representations around this threshold. The range contains 16 prime numbers: 1009, 1013, 1019, 1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087, 1091, 1093, and 1097. These primes are distributed unevenly, with clusters around 1009–1021 and 1091–1097, illustrating the irregular spacing typical of prime gaps in this magnitude. Historically, 1089 stands out as a "magic number" in recreational mathematics, arising consistently from a digit-reversal trick: select any three-digit number with distinct first and last digits (differing by at least 2), subtract its reverse from it (or vice versa to ensure a positive result), then add the reverse of that difference to itself, yielding 1089 in nearly all cases. This property, rooted in the arithmetic of nine-times multiples and carrying over in subtraction, has intrigued mathematicians since its popularization in the early 20th century.

Numbers from 1100 to 1199

The range from 1100 to 1199 encompasses 100 consecutive integers, evenly distributed with 50 even numbers and 50 odd numbers, reflecting the standard alternation in the natural number sequence. Notable multiples of 100 within this interval include 1100, which factors as 11×10011 \times 100. Among the key integers in this range, 1111 stands out as the repunit R4=10419R_4 = \frac{10^4 - 1}{9}, consisting of four repeated digits of 1, and it factors algebraically as 11×10111 \times 101. Another significant number is 1152, which exemplifies Lagrange's four-square theorem stating that every natural number can be represented as the sum of four integer squares; one such representation is 1152=242+242+02+021152 = 24^2 + 24^2 + 0^2 + 0^2. The prime numbers in this range are: 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153, 1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, and 1193, totaling 12 primes. In a historical context, 1144 marks the year of the Siege of Edessa (November 28–December 24, 1144), when Muslim forces under Imad al-Din Zengi captured the Crusader city of Edessa, an event that prompted Pope Eugene III to call for the Second Crusade in 1145.

Numbers from 1200 to 1299

The integers from 1200 to 1299 encompass a range of numbers with various mathematical properties, including primes, composites with special divisor structures, and figures notable in sequences and scientific applications. This hundred includes 15 prime numbers: 1201, 1213, 1217, 1223, 1229, 1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, and 1297. Among the composites, 1210 stands out as part of the amicable pair (1184, 1210), where the sum of the proper divisors of each equals the other number. Similarly, 1225 is both the square of 35 (352=122535^2 = 1225) and the 49th triangular number (T49=49×502=1225T_{49} = \frac{49 \times 50}{2} = 1225), making it a square triangular number. It is also the smallest number expressible as the sum of four cubes of integers in three distinct ways: 1225=103+93+(6)3+(8)3=63+63+53+(4)3=93+43+43+(2)31225 = 10^3 + 9^3 + (-6)^3 + (-8)^3 = 6^3 + 6^3 + 5^3 + (-4)^3 = 9^3 + 4^3 + 4^3 + (-2)^3. Additionally, 1260 is a highly composite number, being the smallest with exactly 36 divisors, and its prime factorization is 22×32×5×72^2 \times 3^2 \times 5 \times 7. Patterns in this range include 1200 as a round multiple of 100 (specifically, 12×10012 \times 100), often used in approximations or scaling in applied contexts. The triangular sequence continues with 1225 as noted, highlighting intersections between polygonal number families. In scientific applications, 1240 nm represents a key wavelength in near-infrared optics, corresponding to the conversion factor hc1240hc \approx 1240 eV·nm for photon energy calculations, where hh is Planck's constant and cc is the speed of light; this value facilitates conversions in quantum mechanics and spectroscopy. It also appears in diode and Raman lasers for applications like telecommunications and material processing.

Numbers from 1300 to 1399

The integers from 1300 to 1399 constitute a century of numbers in the decimal system, often referred to as the thirteen hundreds due to the hundreds digit being 13 followed by tens and units digits ranging from 00 to 99. This range exhibits various mathematical properties, including multiples of smaller integers and perfect powers, while also encompassing historically significant years. Key numbers within this range include 1331, which is the cube of 11 since 113=133111^3 = 1331, and 1369, the square of 37 as 372=136937^2 = 1369. 1321, while not a perfect power, is a prime number notable for its proximity to 1331. The range features patterns related to divisibility by 13; for instance, 1300 = 13 × 100, and subsequent multiples like 1313 = 13 × 101 and 1326 = 13 × 102 illustrate this recurrence every 13 units. Prime numbers in this interval are 1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381, and 1399, totaling 11 primes. In historical chronology, the years 1347 to 1351 fall within this range and correspond to the height of the Black Death pandemic in Europe, a bubonic plague outbreak that began in 1346 and caused widespread devastation.

Numbers from 1400 to 1499

The integers from 1400 to 1499 constitute a sequential range of 100 numbers in the decimal system, where 1400 can be factored as 14×10014 \times 100, highlighting its position as a multiple of 100 within the thousands. This range exhibits a balanced pattern of even and odd integers, with exactly 50 even numbers due to the alternation in any 100 consecutive integers. Notable among these is 1444, which is a perfect square equal to 38238^2. Another key number is 1470, a composite integer with the prime factorization 2×3×5×722 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7^2, resulting in 24 positive divisors and classifying it as an abundant number since the sum of its proper divisors exceeds 1470. This structure exemplifies a pattern of small prime factors raised to increasing powers, common in numbers with high divisor counts. The range contains 17 prime numbers: 1409, 1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, and 1499. In computing contexts, 1499 often appears as a performance benchmark score for mid-tier processors in tools like Geekbench, marking a threshold just below 1500 for evaluating single-threaded capabilities.

Numbers from 1500 to 1599

The integers from 1500 to 1599 represent a narrow band within the thousands, notable for specific mathematical properties and practical applications. Among these, 1500 stands out as a round number in the metric system, frequently employed in measurements such as 1500 meters (1.5 kilometers) or 1500 grams (1.5 kilograms) for its alignment with decimal prefixes like kilo-. Key numbers in this range include 1521, which is the square of 39 (392=152139^2 = 1521), making it a perfect square useful in geometric calculations. Similarly, 1536 is a highly composite number with the prime factorization 29×32^9 \times 3, rendering it significant in computing contexts like memory addressing due to its power-of-two dominance. This range contains 12 prime numbers: 1511, 1523, 1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, and 1597. These primes contribute to number theory explorations, such as their distribution patterns. In scientific applications, 1568 MHz serves as a critical frequency in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), often used as a local oscillator or intermediate frequency in receivers to simultaneously process GPS L1 (1575.42 MHz) and BeiDou B1I (1561.098 MHz) signals, enabling interference-resistant multi-constellation positioning.

Numbers from 1600 to 1699

The integers from 1600 to 1699 form a range notable for specific mathematical properties and historical associations. This century-spanning sequence begins with 1600, a perfect square equal to 40240^2. Within the range, 1680 stands out as a highly composite number, possessing 40 positive divisors—more than any smaller positive integer—and factoring as 24×3×5×72^4 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7. The decimal notations of these numbers, prefixed by "16," subtly connect to the hexadecimal (base-16) numeral system, where 16 serves as the radix. In hexadecimal representation, 1600 converts to 640_{16}, while 1699 becomes 6A3_{16}. (detailed in Representations in other numeral systems) This range contains 15 prime numbers, each divisible only by 1 and itself: 1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663, 1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, and 1699. The years 1600 to 1699 delineate the early 17th century (1601–1700), a foundational period in the Gregorian calendar.

Numbers from 1700 to 1799

The integers from 1700 to 1799 encompass a range of numbers with various mathematical properties, including primes, perfect squares, and curiosities in number theory. This interval includes 12 prime numbers, which are fundamental building blocks in arithmetic and appear in many cryptographic and computational contexts. Among the notable composites, 1729 stands out as the Hardy-Ramanujan number, also known as the smallest taxicab number of order 2. It is the smallest positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in two distinct ways: 13+123=93+103=17291^3 + 12^3 = 9^3 + 10^3 = 1729. This property was highlighted in a famous anecdote involving mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, who identified it during a conversation with G. H. Hardy in 1919. The number's significance extends to Diophantine equations and partition theory, underscoring its role in additive number theory. Another key number in this range is 1764, a perfect square equal to 42242^2. As a square, it exemplifies quadratic residues and appears in geometric contexts, such as the area of a square with side length 42 units. The prime numbers in the range 1700 to 1799 are: 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, and 1789. These primes exhibit properties like twin primes (e.g., 1721 and 1723; 1787 and 1789). Their distribution aligns with the prime number theorem's predictions for density around this magnitude, approximately ln(1750)7.47\ln(1750) \approx 7.47, yielding about 13 primes, close to the observed 12. This range corresponds to the 18th century, a period of Enlightenment-era mathematical advancements, including Euler's work on number theory and analysis, which influenced the study of primes and sums of powers like those defining 1729.

Numbers from 1800 to 1899

The integers from 1800 to 1899 encompass a range notable for various mathematical properties and historical associations with technological advancements. This century marker in numbering highlights multiples and squares within everyday calculations, while also tying into the era's mechanical innovations. 1800 exemplifies a straightforward multiplicative pattern as 18×10018 \times 100, reflecting its role as a round number in scaling and measurement systems common in the 19th century. Similarly, 1849 stands out as a perfect square, specifically 432=184943^2 = 1849, which has applications in geometric computations and early engineering designs. Another key number, 1875, demonstrates fractional patterns through its decimal representation: 1875/10000=0.1875=3/161875 / 10000 = 0.1875 = 3/16, a terminating decimal that simplifies neatly in fractional arithmetic and appears in proportional calculations like measurements or ratios. Within this range, there are 12 prime numbers: 1801, 1811, 1823, 1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, and 1889. These primes contribute to the density of prime distribution in the low thousands, influencing number theory explorations during the period. In the context of the Industrial Revolution, numbers in the 1800s often related to machinery outputs; by 1800, Britain's steam engines collectively produced around 10,000 horsepower, enabling faster production in factories and symbolizing the shift to mechanized power.

Numbers from 1900 to 1999

The integers from 1900 to 1999 form a century of numbers often collectively referred to as spanning the 20th century in popular usage, encompassing significant mathematical properties and patterns within the thousands. This range includes 100 consecutive integers, where even numbers alternate predictably and multiples of 5 end in 0 or 5, contributing to basic arithmetic structures used in calculations throughout the era. Notable perfect squares in this range include 1936, which is equal to 44244^2. Leap year patterns are evident, as 1900 itself was not a leap year due to the Gregorian rule excluding century years not divisible by 400, while subsequent years like 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, and 1996 each added February 29, creating a rhythmic cycle every four years interrupted only at the century boundary. For instance, 1960 was a leap year aligning with this pattern. The range contains 14 prime numbers, distributed as follows: 1901, 1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1937, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993, 1997, 1999. These primes exhibit typical density for this magnitude, with varying gaps including a notable 22-unit gap between 1951 and 1973. The number 1999 gained additional cultural significance due to its proximity to the Year 2000 problem, or Y2K bug, a potential computing issue arising from two-digit year representations that could fail when transitioning from 1999 to 2000, prompting widespread remediation efforts in software and systems worldwide.

Prime numbers in the range 1001–1999

The prime numbers between 1001 and 1999 inclusive total 135, representing the difference π(1999) − π(1000) = 303 − 168. This count aligns closely with the prime number theorem's approximation of roughly 999 / ln(1500) ≈ 137 primes in the interval, illustrating the decreasing density of primes as numbers grow larger. The complete list of these primes is as follows: 1009, 1013, 1019, 1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087, 1091, 1093, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153, 1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1201, 1213, 1217, 1223, 1229, 1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, 1297, 1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381, 1399, 1409, 1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, 1499, 1511, 1523, 1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, 1597, 1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663, 1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811, 1823, 1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, 1889, 1901, 1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993, 1997, 1999. These primes exhibit typical distribution patterns for this magnitude, with all being odd and none divisible by small primes like 3 or 5, consistent with the fundamental theorem of arithmetic for numbers greater than 5. The largest gap between consecutive primes in the range is 34, occurring between 1327 and 1361. Twin prime pairs, where primes differ by 2, appear multiple times, including (1031, 1033), (1061, 1063), (1151, 1153), and (1997, 1999). Notable subsets include Sophie Germain primes, where both p and 2p + 1 are prime; examples in this range are 1013 (with 2027), 1031 (with 2063), 1049 (with 2099), and 1997 (with 3995). Computational sieving methods, such as the Sieve of Eratosthenes, have verified this list exhaustively, with results stable since early 20th-century calculations and reconfirmed through modern algorithms up to 2025.

References

  1. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83
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