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Bilberry
Bilberry (/ˈbɪlbəri/), also known as European blueberry, is a Eurasian low-growing shrub in the genus Vaccinium of the flowering plant family Ericaceae native to northern Europe and North America. Vaccinium myrtillus L. is the species most commonly called bilberry, but other closely related Vaccinium species may also have this name.
The plant produces edible, dark blue berries, which resemble – but are distinct from – North American blueberries. The dark blue color of bilberries derives from the high content of anthocyanins.
Well known in folklore, bilberry extracts and dried powders are sold as dietary supplements promoted mainly for eye disorders, although there is no substantial clinical evidence that consuming bilberry fruit or its preparations provides any health benefits.
The name "bilberry" appears to have a Scandinavian origin, possibly from as early as 1577, while the earliest known English use of the name "blueberry" dates back to 1594, appearing in the Acts of Parliament of Scotland. The name "bilberry" is similar to the Danish word bølle for whortleberry with the addition of "berry". In Scandinavian languages, terms for bilberries have names with the meaning "blueberry", such as blåbär in Swedish and blåbær in Danish and Norwegian.
The bilberry (especially Vaccinium myrtillus) may be called blaeberry /ˈbleɪbɛri/ in Scottish and Northern English regional dialects, whortleberry /ˈhwɜːrtəbri/ in southern England, and fraochán in Ireland.
Bilberries, which are native to Europe, are different from North American blueberries, although the species are closely related and belong to the same genus, Vaccinium.
Bilberries are non-climacteric berries with a smooth, circular outline at the end opposite the stalk, whereas American blueberries retain persistent sepals there, leaving a rough, star-shaped pattern of five flaps. Bilberries grow singly or in pairs rather than in clusters, as American blueberries do, and American blueberries have more evergreen leaves. Bilberries are dark in color, and often appear near black with a slight shade of purple.
Bilberries contain diverse polyphenols, including tannins, organic acids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, specifically anthocyanidins as delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides. V. myrtillus bilberry pulp is red or purple, and V. uliginosum bog bilberry pulp is pale-colored.[citation needed] The high anthocyanin content of V. myrtillus may cause staining of the fingers, lips, and tongue. The anthocyanin content of bilberries and bilberry juice may exceed the levels seen in blueberries and blueberry juice.
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Bilberry
Bilberry (/ˈbɪlbəri/), also known as European blueberry, is a Eurasian low-growing shrub in the genus Vaccinium of the flowering plant family Ericaceae native to northern Europe and North America. Vaccinium myrtillus L. is the species most commonly called bilberry, but other closely related Vaccinium species may also have this name.
The plant produces edible, dark blue berries, which resemble – but are distinct from – North American blueberries. The dark blue color of bilberries derives from the high content of anthocyanins.
Well known in folklore, bilberry extracts and dried powders are sold as dietary supplements promoted mainly for eye disorders, although there is no substantial clinical evidence that consuming bilberry fruit or its preparations provides any health benefits.
The name "bilberry" appears to have a Scandinavian origin, possibly from as early as 1577, while the earliest known English use of the name "blueberry" dates back to 1594, appearing in the Acts of Parliament of Scotland. The name "bilberry" is similar to the Danish word bølle for whortleberry with the addition of "berry". In Scandinavian languages, terms for bilberries have names with the meaning "blueberry", such as blåbär in Swedish and blåbær in Danish and Norwegian.
The bilberry (especially Vaccinium myrtillus) may be called blaeberry /ˈbleɪbɛri/ in Scottish and Northern English regional dialects, whortleberry /ˈhwɜːrtəbri/ in southern England, and fraochán in Ireland.
Bilberries, which are native to Europe, are different from North American blueberries, although the species are closely related and belong to the same genus, Vaccinium.
Bilberries are non-climacteric berries with a smooth, circular outline at the end opposite the stalk, whereas American blueberries retain persistent sepals there, leaving a rough, star-shaped pattern of five flaps. Bilberries grow singly or in pairs rather than in clusters, as American blueberries do, and American blueberries have more evergreen leaves. Bilberries are dark in color, and often appear near black with a slight shade of purple.
Bilberries contain diverse polyphenols, including tannins, organic acids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, specifically anthocyanidins as delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides. V. myrtillus bilberry pulp is red or purple, and V. uliginosum bog bilberry pulp is pale-colored.[citation needed] The high anthocyanin content of V. myrtillus may cause staining of the fingers, lips, and tongue. The anthocyanin content of bilberries and bilberry juice may exceed the levels seen in blueberries and blueberry juice.
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