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Gebe language
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| Gebe | |
|---|---|
| Minyaifuin | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
Native speakers | (2,700 cited 2000)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gei |
| Glottolog | gebe1237 |
| ELP | Gebe |
Gebe, or Minyaifuin, is an Austronesian language of eastern Indonesia, spoken on the Gebe, Yu, and Gag islands between Halmahera and Waigeo.
Dialects
[edit]The Gebe language is divided into five dialects spoken on three separate islands, as follows:[2]
- The Gag dialect is spoken on Gag Island, the dialect is almost similar to the Umera dialect because the population migrated from there.
- The Nuclear Gebe dialect is the most widely used dialect, spoken in the settlement centers on Gebe Island, including the villages of Elfanun, Kacepi, Kapaleo, Sanafi, and Yam.
- The Umera dialect is spoken in Umera village, located in the southeastern part of Gebe Island.
- The Umiyal dialect is spoken in Umiyal, the only village on Yu Island.
- The Sanafkacepo dialect is spoken in Sanafkacepo village on the east coast of Gebe Island.
Phonology
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | (ʔ) |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
[ʔ] only appears when within the sequence of vowels in syllable-final positions.[3]
Voiced sounds /b, d/ may also be articulated by speakers as implosive sounds [ɓ, ɗ] when in word-initial or intervocalic positions.[4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a | ɑ |
References
[edit]- ^ Gebe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Grimes, Charles E.; Grimes, Barbara D. (1984). "Maluku and Irian Jaya". In Masinambow, E.K.M. (ed.). Languages of the North Moluccas: a preliminary lexicostatistic classification. Buletin LEKNAS III (1). Jakarta: Lembaga Ekonomi dan Kemasyarakatan Nasional, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LEKNAS-LIPI). pp. 35–63. OCLC 54222413.
- ^ Burhanuddin, Sumarlam dan Mahsun (2017). Kedudukan bahasa Gebe di Halmahera Tengah Maluku Utara: Studi pendahuluan dari aspek linguistik historis. Arkhais: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. 8 (1). pp. 1–7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Bax, (2019)
Further reading
[edit]- Bax, Marton Miklós Willem (2019). A sketch grammar of Gebe: a language of North Maluku. Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden.
- Burhanuddin, Burhanuddin; Sumarlam, Sumarlam; Mahsun, Mahsun (2017). "Kedudukan bahasa Gebe di Halmahera Tengah Maluku Utara: Studi pendahuluan dari aspek linguistik historis". Arkhais: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. 8 (1): 1–7. doi:10.21009/ARKHAIS.081.01.
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