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Lufkin, Texas
Lufkin, Texas
Lufkin, Texas
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Lufkin is the largest city in Angelina County, Texas, United States and is the county seat. The city is situated in Deep East Texas and is 60 mi (97 km) west of the Texas- Louisiana state line. Its population is approximately 40,000 people as of 2025.[5][6]

Key Information

Lufkin was founded in 1884 and named for Abraham P. Lufkin. It originally served as a stop on the Houston, East and West Texas Railway. It was officially incorporated on October 15, 1890. Lufkin continued to serve as a stop on the railroad until 1890. Three businessmen founded Angelina Lumber Company, which led to much of the economic prosperity Lufkin later enjoyed. When the so-called "timber boom" came to an end, a new "golden era of expansion" began. Lufkin became more industrialized with the opening of Lufkin Industries and Southland Paper Mill. In the mid-1960s, a cultural expansion began, and improvements were made to education and the way of life, including museums and the opening of a new library.[7]

The City of Lufkin has a council–manager government, with six city council members, a mayor, and a city manager. The Lufkin Independent School District encompasses most of Lufkin and operates almost all of the schools within Lufkin. Additionally, Angelina College, a community college, is located in Lufkin.

History

[edit]
Parade in downtown Lufkin, c. 1911

The city was founded in 1882 as a stop on the Houston, East and West Texas Railway; it is named for Abraham P. Lufkin, a cotton merchant and Galveston city councilman. Lufkin was the father-in-law of Paul Bremond, president of the railroad, which developed the town. Lufkin continued to grow because of its proximity to the railroad and its lumber industry. The history of Lufkin can be divided into three main eras, the railroad era, the timber boom, and the golden era of expansion.[7]

Pre-Foundation

[edit]

Mexican Era 1821-1836

By 1820 Anglo settlers had started to arrive in the Angelina County. The Burris Family established themselves in the area.[8]

Railroad era 1882-1890

[edit]
Old caboose at the Texas Forestry Museum, Lufkin, Texas

The railroad era lasted between 1882 and 1890. In 1881, the area that is now Lufkin was little more than a small settlement known as Denman Springs. A railroad surveying team began to plan a route through Angelina County, with a possible route through Homer, Texas, which at the time was the county seat. According to legend, the men in the surveying team began to get rowdy in the saloon in Homer, which led to their arrest. They paid their way out the next morning, but this infuriated the chief surveyor. He ordered the team for the rail line to bypass Homer and go by Denman Springs. Conveniently, the new route went through the property of Lafayette Denman and his son, Dr. A. M. Denman, who as the legend goes, had hosted the surveying team a few days earlier. This legend is most likely not true since the prospectus in 1879 already had the railroad planned to bypass Homer and go through the future site of Lufkin.[7]

The railroad officially arrived in 1882, and the company began to advertise the sale of lots of land in Lufkin. During this time, many of the businesses and professionals from Homer began to relocate to Lufkin to be closer to the railroad. Some of the first stores in Lufkin included S. Abram's general store, Joseph Kerr's grocery and saddle shop, and W. H. Bonner's general store, all located on Cotton Square, which became the center of most economic activity in Lufkin. Behind the depot, which was on the cotton square, cotton was stored before being shipped on the railroad. The town continued to grow, and acquired a post office in 1882 with William A. Abney as postmaster. Soon after in 1883, a telegraph line was strung connecting Lufkin to Nacogdoches by telegraph. On October 15, 1890, the town was officially incorporated. The first mayor of Lufkin was J. M. Smith, who was the owner of Smith Hotel; he was elected on November 15, 1890. Even before the incorporation of Lufkin, the courthouse was sought to have been moved. By a vote in 1885, though, the courthouse remained in Homer. In November 1891, a fire of mysterious origin destroyed the courthouse in Homer. This prompted a petition from the citizens of Lufkin asking for a new election to be held to decide if the courthouse should be relocated to Lufkin. The election was held on January 2, 1892, and the citizens decided to relocate the courthouse to Lufkin.[7]

Lynching in Lufkin 1864-1924

[edit]

Before Lufkin was officially founded, a band of night riders allegedly lynched Jim Burris, John D. Gann, William Anglin, and another man for opposing the Confederate cause.[9]

In 1895 Walter Johnson was lynched in Lufkin's Cotton Square for an alleged rape.[10]

A mob attempted to lynch Booker T. Williams though he escaped with help of the local sheriff and with the intervention of federal troops.[11] Williams was later given the death penalty and electrocuted.[12]

Timber boom 1890-1920

[edit]

The timber boom lasted between 1890 and 1920. Three main lumbering families are recognized for much of the economic prosperity in Lufkin – the Kurths, the Hendersons, and the Wieners. Joseph H. Kurth Sr., was a German immigrant, who had operated a sawmill in Polk County, Texas. He moved to a small settlement north of Lufkin known as Keltys. In 1887, Kurth obtained a sawmill from Charles L. Kelty. He was soon joined by S. W. Henderson Sr., and Sam Wiener, both of Corrigan, Texas. In 1890, the men started the Angelina County Lumber Company. The company became the forerunner of the lumber industry in East Texas, and led to much of the economic prosperity in Lufkin. At the peak of the three families' activities, nearly a dozen sawmills and several other industries were operating.[7]

KKK in Lufkin 1920s-2000s

[edit]

By the 1920s the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan has established Klavern No. 16 or Angelina Klan of Lufkin. By September 1922 over 1000 klansmen gathered in public in front of 5000 spectators in an initiation ceremony. Women and children ("Junior KKK") members were celebrated. Large parades for the Klan were held throughout the 1920s.[13][14]

In the 1920's the KKK pursued certain individuals accusing them of selling liquor sometimes tarring and feathering them.[15][16][17][18]

In the 60's an interracial blues band was chased out of town by the KKK.[19]

1966 a large KKK rally was held just outside of Lufkin,Texas.[20]

In 1984 the KKK met at the Lufkin Civic Center. Representative Charlie Wilson tried to prevent this meeting.[21][22]

In 2008 the KKK planned a rally in Lufkin at an undisclosed location.[23]

In 2009, KKK flyers were found in driveways across Lufkin.[24]

Bonnie and Clyde Robbery 1932

[edit]

In May 1932, Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker robbed a gas station in Lufkin and stole a car with a child sleeping in the backseat.[25][26]

Golden era of expansion 1938-1945

[edit]
Southland Paper mill

The golden era of expansion occurred between 1938 and 1945. In the late 1930s, two of the principal industries in Lufkin, the Southland Paper Mill, later known as Abitibi Bowater Inc. which closed in 2007,[27] and Texas Foundries opened. These companies provided much of Lufkin's industrial growth. The largest industrial employer was Lufkin Foundry and Machine Company,[28] later known as Lufkin Industries; it ceased operations in 2018.[29][7]

From 1943-1945 Lufkin was home to three WWII POW camps[30] and held up to 300 German prisoners who worked for Southland Paper.[31]

School Integration 1970

[edit]

Before 1970, Lufkin schools were segregated with separate schools for different races.[32] After a series of court challenges started in 1964 were resolved, in 1970 the LISD was integrated. A federal court order in place from 1970-2000 enforced integration.[33][34]

Cultural expansion

[edit]
Lufkin Federal Building

In early Lufkin history, most daily life revolved around churches, schools, and sports activities, but this began to change between 1965 and 1983, when Lufkin began a cultural expansion. Improvements included the Kurth Memorial Library, new museums, a civic center, Angelina College, a new federal building, a country club, municipal and city parks, two shopping malls, and the Lufkin Independent School District. Lufkin celebrated its centennial in 1982.[7]

Recent history

[edit]
Thousands gather at the Columbia memorial in Lufkin 2003

Debris from the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster fell over the Lufkin area on February 1, 2003.[35]

A Little League Baseball team from Lufkin, locally known as the Thundering 13, won the U.S. Championship at the 2017 Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.[36] There have been many community tributes to the team.

Lufkin has battled a methamphetamine crisis for several years.[37] Methamphetamine production distribution,[38][39] and usage have been major issues.

Geography

[edit]

According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2019, the city has a total area of 34.48 sq mi (89.3 km2).[1]

Lufkin is at the crossroads of East Texas at the intersections of Highways US 59, future Interstate 69, which leads to Houston and the Rio Grande Valley to the south and Nacogdoches and Texarkana to the north, and US 69, which leads from the Golden Triangle of southeast Texas (Orange, Port Arthur and Beaumont) to points such as Jacksonville, Tyler, Dallas, and Oklahoma to the north.

Lufkin is 115 miles (185 km) northeast of Houston.[40]

The elevation of Lufkin is 139 to 404 ft above mean sea level.[41]

National forests and grasslands

[edit]
Davy Crockett National Forest sign

The headquarters of all four United States National Forests and two United States National Grasslands in Texas are located in Lufkin. They are the Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston National Forests, and the Caddo and Lyndon B. Johnson National Grasslands.

Climate

[edit]

Lufkin is a humid subtropical climate that generally has relatively high temperatures with evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. Generally, this climate is seen on the eastern side continents between 20 and 35°N or S latitude. During summer, these regions over low-latitude ocean waters are generally under the influence of hot, maritime overflow from the western side of subtropical anticyclonic cells. These higher temperatures can lead to warm, oppressive nights. Due to an increase in thunderstorms, summers in Lufkin are usually wetter than winters. Additionally, tropical cyclones can increase precipitation during the summer. Cold months are usually mild and frost is uncommon.[42]

Climate data for Lufkin, Texas (Angelina County Airport) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1906–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 86
(30) 		92
(33) 		97
(36) 		98
(37) 		99
(37) 		106
(41) 		108
(42) 		110
(43) 		110
(43) 		100
(38) 		90
(32) 		89
(32) 		110
(43)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 59.8
(15.4) 		64.1
(17.8) 		71.1
(21.7) 		77.8
(25.4) 		84.5
(29.2) 		90.3
(32.4) 		93.3
(34.1) 		93.7
(34.3) 		88.7
(31.5) 		79.8
(26.6) 		68.8
(20.4) 		61.1
(16.2) 		77.8
(25.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 48.6
(9.2) 		52.8
(11.6) 		59.4
(15.2) 		66.0
(18.9) 		73.8
(23.2) 		79.9
(26.6) 		82.5
(28.1) 		82.4
(28.0) 		77.3
(25.2) 		67.4
(19.7) 		57.0
(13.9) 		50.2
(10.1) 		66.4
(19.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 37.5
(3.1) 		41.5
(5.3) 		47.7
(8.7) 		54.2
(12.3) 		63.0
(17.2) 		69.4
(20.8) 		71.7
(22.1) 		71.1
(21.7) 		65.9
(18.8) 		55.0
(12.8) 		45.2
(7.3) 		39.3
(4.1) 		55.1
(12.8)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19) 		−2
(−19) 		16
(−9) 		30
(−1) 		39
(4) 		50
(10) 		56
(13) 		54
(12) 		36
(2) 		25
(−4) 		15
(−9) 		2
(−17) 		−2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.66
(118) 		3.88
(99) 		4.21
(107) 		3.69
(94) 		4.64
(118) 		4.22
(107) 		3.34
(85) 		3.75
(95) 		3.94
(100) 		4.73
(120) 		4.53
(115) 		4.68
(119) 		50.27
(1,277)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.9 9.0 9.0 7.6 9.1 9.5 8.0 8.1 7.5 7.3 8.0 9.9 102.9
Source: NOAA[43][44]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890529—
19001,527188.7%
19102,74980.0%
19204,87877.4%
19307,31149.9%
19409,56730.9%
195015,13558.2%
196017,64116.6%
197023,04930.7%
198028,56223.9%
199030,2065.8%
200032,7098.3%
201035,0677.2%
202034,143−2.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[45]
Lufkin racial composition as of 2020[46]
Race Number Fraction
White (NH) 13,871 40.63%
Black or African American (NH) 9,045 26.49%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 56 0.16%
Asian (NH) 668 1.96%
Pacific Islander (NH) 15 0.04%
Some Other Race (NH) 89 0.26%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 992 2.91%
Hispanic or Latino 9,407 27.55%
Total 34,143

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 34,143 people, 12,755 households, and 8,277 families residing in the city. The population of the city was estimated to be 35,021 in 2019.[47]

At the 2019 census estimates, the racial makeup of the city is estimated to be 66.6% White, 25.2% African American, 0.7% American Indian or Alaska native, 2.2% Asian, and 2.2% of two or more races. Hispanic or Latinos of any race were estimated to be 28.6%. White alone (not Hispanic or Latino) is estimated to be 41.8%; 11.3% of the population is estimated to be foreign born. An estimated 24.4% of homes are thought to speak a language other than English.[48]

With an estimated 12,910 households, the city averaged 2.68 persons per household. The median household income is estimated to be $43,803, and the per capita income is $23,134; 20.9% of persons are believed to be below the poverty line.[48]

Economy

[edit]
Regions Bank
Perry Building

Lufkin is home to Lufkin Industries and Lufkin Gears LLC, which manufactures and services oil field equipment and power transmission equipment, and supplies of creosote-treated utility poles. It is also home to the Atkinson Candy Company, the creator of the Chick-O-Stick, and Brookshire Brothers, a chain of grocery stores in Texas and Louisiana. Lufkin received Texas's first biomass power plant in late 2009. Aspen Power is building the power plant.

Some of the city's major employers include:

According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[49] the top employers in the city are:

Rank Employer Employees Fraction of total
city employment
1 Lufkin Independent School District >1000 2.34%
2 Pilgrim's Pride >1000 1.98%
3 Brookshire Brothers >1000 1.67%
4 Lufkin State Supporting Living Center >1000 1.67%
5 CHI St. Luke's Health Memorial >1000 1.64%
6 Woodland Heights Medical Center 500–999 0.88%
7 Georgia Pacific 500–999 0.83%
8 City of Lufkin 400–500 0.70%
9 Walmart 400–500 0.68%
10 Angelina County 400–500 0.61%

Festivals

[edit]

Texas State Forest Festival and Southern Hushpuppy Championships run in September.[50] The festival brings net profits to the city of US$60,000.[51]

Points of interest

[edit]
Crown Colony Country Club Golf Course, third-rated golf course in Texas by the Dallas Morning News
  • Downtown Walking Tour, a tour through historic downtown Lufkin Ellen Trout Park, a public park with a lake and playgrounds
  • Ellen Trout Zoo, public zoo owned by the City of Lufkin with more than 500 animals[52]
  • First United Methodist Church
  • Lufkin Azalea Trail, 1.9-mile (3.1 km) public nature trail
  • Medford Collection of American Western Art, the contemporary art collection at the Lufkin City Hall
  • Museum of East Texas, exhibits on regional history and art
  • Naranjo Museum of Natural History
  • Pine Valley Raceway, ¼-mile drag strip located ten miles southwest of Lufkin.
  • Pines Theater, refurbished multiuse facility in downtown, seats 459
  • Texas Forestry Museum features exhibits about forestry of the Lufkin and East Texas area.
  • Ward R. Burke United States Courthouse
    Ward R. Burke United States Courthouse
  • Texas Forestry Museum
    Texas Forestry Museum
  • Replica of a sawmill worker's house at the Texas Forestry Museum
    Replica of a sawmill worker's house at the Texas Forestry Museum
  • Pines Theater
    Pines Theater
  • Naranjo Auditorium
    Naranjo Auditorium

Government

[edit]
City hall
Municipal Court
Ward R. Burke Courthouse

Lufkin in comparison to the U.S. average leans more conservative politically. However, the city leans more liberal than Angelina County and the state Texas' averages.[53]

Federal government

[edit]

Lufkin falls under Texas's 17th congressional district,[54] which is currently represented by Republican Pete Sessions.[54] The senators who represent Texas are Ted Cruz and John Cornyn, who are both Republicans.[55]

State government

[edit]

In the Texas House of Representatives, Lufkin falls under district 57 and is represented by Republican Trent Ashby, who is a resident of Lufkin.[56] In the Texas Senate Lufkin falls under district 3 and is represented by Republican Robert Nichols.[57]

Municipal government

[edit]

According to the city's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Lufkin's various funds had $38.8 million in revenue, $43.7 million in expenditures, $85.7 million in total assets, $5.3 million in total liabilities, and $14.9 million in cash and investments.[58]

The City of Lufkin has a council-manager form of government. The city is divided into six city council districts, and the mayor is elected by a citywide vote. All elected positions are elected on a nonpartisan ballot, as required by Texas law. The city council's responsibility is to make all legislative and policy decisions, while the responsibility of the city manager is to decide all administrative decisions.[59]

District Name
Mayor Mark Hicks
1 Guessippina Bonner
2 Robert Shankle
3 Brent Watkins
4 Kim Ogden
5 Jimmy Ford
6 Adam Lowther

Crime

[edit]

In 2018, Lufkin's crime rate was 4,666 crimes per 100,000 persons, which was an overall decrease by 2% from 2017; 134 violent crimes and 1,403 property crimes were reported.[62]

Education

[edit]
Lufkin High School

According to the United States Census Bureau 80.7% of people in Lufkin above the age of 25 are high-school graduates or higher. About 21.5% of people 25 and older have a bachelor's degree or higher.[48]

Almost all of Lufkin's public schools are operated by the Lufkin Independent School District,[63] with a few small sections in the west within the Hudson Independent School District.[64] A very small portion of the city on Highway 69 is within Central ISD.[65] Lufkin also has a small charter school, Pineywoods Community Academy, that serves grades Pre-K–12 and is an early college high school.[66] Additionally, Lufkin is served by two small private schools, St. Cyprian's Episcopal School[67] and St. Patrick Catholic School.[68]

Angelina College, a community college, is located in Lufkin.[69] The college has roughly 5,000 students.[70] Additionally, Stephen F. Austin State University is located not far away in Nacogdoches, Texas.

Infrastructure

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]

Lufkin is served by U.S. Highway 69, U.S. Highway 59, State Highway 94, and State Highway 103.

Lufkin will be served by the extension to Interstate 69, which is planned to run from the Canada–US border at Port Huron, Michigan, to the Texas/Mexico border.[71]

General aviation service is provided by Angelina County Airport.

The Coach USA bus lines serve Lufkin, carried under the Kerrville Bus Company.

Brazos Transit District (formerly Brazos Valley Transit Authority) provides regularly scheduled public bus service in the Lufkin area.[72]

The Angelina and Neches River Railroad (A&NR) runs through Lufkin. It has an approximate length of 20 miles (32 km) and connects with the Union Pacific Railroad lines.

Health care

[edit]

Lufkin is served by two hospitals: CHI St. Luke's Health Memorial (formerly Memorial Health System of East Texas at Lufkin), which includes the Arthur Temple Sr. Regional Cancer Center, and Woodland Heights Medical Center.

Media

[edit]

Newspaper

[edit]

Television

[edit]
  • KTRE: KTRE Channel 9 (ABC)
  • KYTX: KYTX Channel 19 (CBS)
  • KFXK-LP: KFXL Channel 30 (FOX)
  • KLNM-LD: Millennium Communications (AmericaOne) Digital 42.1 and 42.2(AMGTV)

Radio

[edit]

AM stations

[edit]
  • KRBA: 1340 AM The Pioneer radio station in East Texas. Established in 1938. (News/Talk, Variety)
  • KSML (AM): ESPN 1260 (Sports)
  • KSFA: News Talk 860 (News/Talk)
  • XEG: 1050 AM La Ranchera de Monterrey (Regional Mexican) (Night Time)

FM stations

[edit]
  • KAXM: 90.1 Your East Texas Alternative (College)
  • KYKS: Kicks 105 (Country)
  • KJCS: 103 The Bull (Classic Country)
  • KYBI: Y100 (Country)
  • KSML-FM: Super Mix 101.9 (Regional Mexican)
  • KAFX-FM: KFOX 95.5 (Top 40)
  • KLDN: Red River Radio (NPR)
  • KTBQ: Classic Rock Q107 (Classic Rock)
  • KVLL: La Mejor 94.7 (Regional Mexican)
  • KSWP: 90.9 KSWP (Contemporary Christian)
  • KAVX: KAVX 91.9 (Christian talk)
  • KXXE: The New Country Channel (Hot Country)
  • KOYE: La Invasora 97.5 (Regional Mexican)
  • KLVH: K-Love 97.1 (Contemporary Christian)
  • KGFZ: Z-97.7 (Hip Hop/R&B)
  • KHPT: The Eagle 106.9 (107.5 simulcast KGLK) (Classic Rock)

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Lufkin, Texas

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Lufkin is the largest and of Angelina County in , . According to the , the had a population of 34,143. Established in 1882 as a station on the Houston, East and West Texas Railway and named for railroad official Abraham P. Lufkin, the settlement incorporated as a in 1890 and expanded rapidly during the regional timber boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, becoming a center for sawmills and forestry operations. While lumber production drove early growth, Lufkin's economy has diversified to include manufacturing of oilfield equipment, machinery, and paper products, as well as agriculture, healthcare, and tourism centered on nearby natural attractions like the Angelina River and Davy Crockett National Forest. The operates under a council-manager form of government and maintains cultural institutions such as the Texas Forestry Museum, reflecting its historical ties to the timber industry.

History

Founding and Railroad Era (Pre-1890)

Lufkin originated as a modest railroad station in , amid sparse frontier settlement in the region. Angelina County itself was established on April 22, 1846, carved from Nacogdoches County following Texas's independence, when European-American pioneers had begun trickling into the area since the mid-1830s, constructing log cabins near water sources amid dense pine forests. Prior to the railroad, the specific site featured limited habitation, known locally as Denman Springs, with land grants held by individuals including John Lewis Quinalty, Anastacio Barela, and José Antonio Bontán. The pivotal development came with the expansion of the , East and West Texas Railway (HE&WT), chartered in 1877 to connect Houston to northern markets and ultimately . In 1881, surveying crews plotted the route through Angelina County, selecting a clearing for a and switch point approximately 120 miles north of Houston. advanced rapidly, reaching the site by early 1882, establishing it as the first significant rail presence in the county and spurring initial clustering of workers, merchants, and support structures. The settlement was named Lufkin in honor of Captain Abraham P. Lufkin (1816–1887), a Galveston-based , councilman, and Civil War who captained Company D of the 1st ; he was a close associate of HE&WT president Paul Bremond, though Lufkin held no direct role in the railroad's operations. This naming reflected the era's custom of commemorating influential figures tied to rail expansion, which by 1882 had transformed remote locales into nascent hubs for commerce and migration. The rail line's arrival facilitated the transport of and agricultural , laying groundwork for future growth, though the community remained unincorporated and rudimentary, consisting primarily of depots, sidings, and temporary dwellings until formal organization in 1890.

Timber Industry Boom and Economic Foundations (1890-1930)

The expansion of the timber industry in Lufkin from 1890 to 1930 was propelled by the extension of rail lines into East Texas's , enabling efficient extraction and transport of vast stands. In October 1890, Joseph H. Kurth Sr., Simon W. Henderson Sr., and Sam Wiener founded the Angelina County Lumber Company, which quickly scaled operations across multiple s and pioneered advancements in handling and conservation practices. This firm, headquartered near Lufkin, exemplified the era's entrepreneurial response to resource abundance, processing timber from tracts exceeding 100,000 acres by the early 1900s. By 1900, Angelina County supported at least 17 operational sawmills, a sharp rise from pre-railroad levels, as demand for lumber surged amid national . Statewide, lumber output reached 2.2 billion board feet annually by 1907, with operations like those in Lufkin contributing substantially through band sawmills capable of cutting 100,000 to 200,000 feet per day. The sector employed thousands in camps, tramroads, and mills, drawing migrant labor and fostering ancillary businesses such as blacksmithing and rail maintenance. Economic solidified as timber funded , including schools, banks, and the Lufkin and , established in to manufacture pulleys, gears, and locomotives tailored for needs. Angelina County's grew from 10,247 in 1900 to 30,806 by 1930, mirroring Lufkin's transformation from a rail stopover to an industrial hub, though depletion of virgin forests by the prompted shifts toward sustained-yield management and pulp production. This period's prosperity, rooted in resource exploitation rather than diversified , established as a enduring pillar, with lumber-derived capital enabling later adaptations amid declining cutover lands.

Great Depression, World War II, and Post-War Growth (1930-1960)

During the , Lufkin experienced economic strain tied to the broader collapse in timber and related sectors, though federal programs provided some . The (CCC) established its in Lufkin in the 1930s, overseeing camps across 26 counties that employed thousands of young men in and conservation projects, paying each $30 per month. These efforts supported and infrastructure in the region, where lumber output had declined amid low demand and depleted stands from prior booms. The city's population grew modestly from 9,567 in 1930 to 15,135 in 1940, reflecting limited recovery before wartime stimulus. World War II catalyzed industrial expansion in Lufkin, particularly through defense production that offset Depression-era stagnation. Lufkin Foundry and Machine Company shifted heavily to war contracts; by 1943, 85 percent of its output supported the effort, including gears and equipment for military vehicles, while operating three shifts and employing over 1,000 workers. This surge, alongside operations at the established in the late for pulp production, generated thousands of jobs and stabilized the local economy, which residents later credited with preventing deeper regional decline. The period from 1938 to 1945 marked a "golden era" of growth, with manufacturing in lumber processing, oilfield tools, and foundry work driving prosperity. Post-war growth accelerated through the , fueled by sustained demand for timber products, machinery, and emerging ties. Angelina County's population rose from 36,032 in 1950 to 39,814 in 1960, with Lufkin's own expanding from 17,641 to 23,049, indicative of industrial diversification and suburban development. Key sectors included ongoing pulp and paper operations at Southland, alongside Lufkin Industries' expansion into civilian markets like oil drilling equipment, positioning the city as East Texas's fifth-largest industrial hub by mid-century. This era solidified Lufkin's role in resource extraction and , with federal investments in aiding recovery from wartime strains.

Civil Rights, Integration, and Social Changes (1960-1980)

Prior to the 1970s, Lufkin operated under a system of de jure racial segregation in public schools, with African American students required to attend Dunbar Junior-Senior High School while white students attended Lufkin High School. This separation mirrored broader patterns in East Texas, where local districts delayed implementation of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling amid community resistance to federal mandates. Segregation also affected public accommodations, including separate facilities like water fountains in the early 1960s, reflecting entrenched Jim Crow practices in the region. Federal pressure intensified in the late 1960s through the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's , which enforced desegregation plans across districts. In Lufkin, full integration of the public schools occurred under on August 31, 1970, when African American students first entered . The event met immediate opposition from white residents, including parents who gathered outside the school armed with guns to block entry, resulting in described "plumb chaos" and heightened tensions without reported widespread violence. Local officials characterized the process as proceeding "as smooth as possible" publicly, though underlying resistance underscored the causal role of federal intervention in overcoming entrenched local preferences for separation. By 1971, Dunbar High School closed as a segregated institution and reopened as Dunbar Intermediate School to accommodate district-wide seventh-grade students, marking the consolidation of previously divided systems. This shift integrated approximately 1,200 African American students into formerly all-white schools, altering daily social interactions and extracurricular activities like sports, which had long served as community focal points. Initial integration brought interpersonal conflicts, including fights and cultural clashes among students, but lacked the organized mass protests or activism seen in larger Texas cities, with change driven primarily by judicial fiat rather than grassroots mobilization. Broader social transformations in Lufkin during this included compliance with the , which prohibited segregation in accommodations and , though relied on federal oversight amid local . The facilitated increased African American voter registration in by suspending tests and poll taxes, contributing to higher Black participation in Angelina County elections by the 1970s, though discriminatory practices persisted in some rural areas. Community life, centered on churches that often remained racially divided, began reflecting these shifts through integrated events and economic diversification, as the timber industry's post-war expansion drew diverse workers and diluted some segregationist holdouts. By 1980, the district operated under ongoing federal supervision until achieving unitary status in 2000, indicating sustained monitoring of integration's effects.

Modern Expansion and Challenges (1980-Present)

Following the oil industry collapse in the , Lufkin experienced economic contraction, with significant job losses in oil-related manufacturing, including at Lufkin Industries, which had peaked at 3,800 employees and $364 million in sales earlier that decade before entering a . Despite this, the city maintained its status as Texas's fifth-largest industrial area by the mid-, supported by lumber processing, foundries, and oilfield equipment production. grew modestly from 28,562 in 1980 to an estimated 31,500 in 1984, reflecting resilience amid broader regional downturns. Diversification efforts in the late and shifted focus toward machinery, trailers, recreational goods, and linked to the Reservoir and Ellen Trout Zoo, positioning Lufkin as a regional trade center. However, challenges persisted into the 2000s, including the 2003 closure of the due to declining newsprint demand, which eliminated hundreds of jobs, and ongoing downtown vacancy following the earlier timber and declines. Lufkin Industries faced further upheaval with its 2013 acquisition by and the 2015 closure of its foundry, exacerbating local losses. In the and , Lufkin pursued revitalization through infrastructure upgrades and economic incentives, such as designating a foreign trade zone in 2019, which attracted firms like Gattefossé and a investment. redevelopment accelerated under Mayor Jack Hicks in 2021, including renovations to the Angelina Hotel and Pines Theater (refurbished in 2007), alongside initiatives in and generational job creation to outmigration. Persistent issues include rural healthcare shortages, prompting a 2025 regional task force for specialist retention and recruitment, and code enforcement needs in blighted areas. A 2023 state rejection of cultural district status highlighted funding hurdles for arts-driven rebound efforts, though local groups like Lufkin Creative continue advocacy.

Recent Economic and Infrastructure Developments (2010s-2025)

During the 2010s, Lufkin's economy benefited from the regional , with Lufkin Industries announcing the creation of 120 jobs in oilfield equipment in January 2011. The city's sector remained anchored by firms such as in lumber products and in and defense, employing hundreds collectively as of recent reports. in the Lufkin grew modestly at 1.4% from 2022 to 2023, reaching 37,900 workers, driven by retail, , and persistent activity. Downtown revitalization efforts intensified in the 2010s and continued into the , including a 2010 city council initiative for façade improvements to enhance commercial appeal. A comprehensive vision aimed to stimulate economic growth through public realm enhancements, complemented by projects like a $5.8 million phase-one revitalization starting in 2024 and earlier additions such as potential breweries and lofts in 2018. The city's 2018 comprehensive updated prior strategies to guide and technology-driven changes, noting increased retail activity and new formations by fiscal year 2023. In aviation, the Lufkin Economic Development Corporation partnered in 2025 on a $1 million at Angelina County , leased to Casey Aviation to address mechanic shortages and support operations, alongside a $750,000 LEDC facility and a $1.2 million Commerce Center Drive extension. Additional infrastructure included bids in July 2025 for extensions, relocation, and reconstruction. Infrastructure advancements centered on upgrading U.S. 59 to standards, with the Redland segment's frontage roads under construction for completion in fall 2025 and ongoing work on the Diboll Route and Moffett Road to State Highway 103 corridor. These projects, part of broader connectivity improvements, contributed to in 2025 from overlapping construction zones. The initiatives positioned Lufkin as a hub for regional and evacuation routes, aligning with economic goals for industrial expansion.

Geography

Location and Physical Features

Lufkin serves as the of Angelina County in the region of , situated at the intersection of U.S. Highways 59 and 69, a few miles northwest of the county's geographic center. The city lies between the Angelina and Neches Rivers, approximately 120 miles northeast of and 60 miles west of the Texas-Louisiana border. Its coordinates are roughly 31°20′N and 94°44′W . The physical terrain features gently rolling hills densely forested with pines—such as longleaf, shortleaf, loblolly, and slash varieties—and hardwoods, typical of the Timberlands ecoregion. Elevations in the area range from 200 to 380 feet (61 to 116 meters) above , with the city itself varying between 139 and 404 feet (42 to 123 meters). Underlying geology consists primarily of Eocene-age sands, clays, and shales that dip southward. Proximity to the Angelina River influences local hydrology, while the surrounding landscape supports forestry and related activities, shaping the region's environmental context.

National Forests, Grasslands, and Environmental Context

Lufkin lies within the Piney Woods ecoregion of East Texas, a humid subtropical area dominated by loblolly and shortleaf pine forests interspersed with bottomland hardwoods along rivers and bayous, receiving up to 50 inches of annual rainfall that sustains one of the state's most diverse forest ecosystems. This region represents the southwestern remnant of a once-extensive pine forest extending across the southeastern U.S., now facing threats from habitat fragmentation and development. The city is bordered by two national forests managed by the U.S. Forest Service: National Forest to the west and Angelina National Forest to the east. National Forest covers 160,647 acres across and counties, located off U.S. Highway 7 between Lufkin and Crockett, featuring pine-dominated uplands, hardwood bottoms, and recreational areas within the Neches and River basins. Angelina National Forest spans 153,179 acres in Angelina, Nacogdoches, San Augustine, and counties, situated east of Lufkin and surrounding Reservoir off U.S. Highway 69, with habitats including pine forests, cypress swamps, and five developed campgrounds for public access. The U.S. Forest Service's Texas supervisor's office, overseeing all four national forests and two national grasslands in the state totaling over 675,000 acres, is headquartered at 2221 N. Raguet Street in Lufkin. However, the and National Grasslands, comprising and woodland remnants in near the Dallas-Fort Worth area, are not proximate to Lufkin but fall under the same administrative unit. East Texas's environmental profile emphasizes forested rather than grassland landscapes, with limited open due to historical and favoring timber production.

Climate and Weather Patterns

Lufkin features a under the Köppen classification Cfa, marked by hot, humid summers, mild winters, and rainfall throughout the year without a pronounced . The spans approximately 260 days, from mid-March to mid-November, supporting and in the region. Average temperatures range from a low of 40°F and high of 60°F to an low of 72°F and high of 93°F, with means around 66°F based on 1991– normals. Humidity levels contribute to muggy conditions from late through mid-October, averaging over 25 muggy days per month in summer. Wind speeds are generally light, peaking at 5.1 mph in and originating predominantly from the south. Precipitation averages 50 inches annually, with November recording the highest monthly total at 4.3 inches and February the lowest at about 3.5 inches; convective thunderstorms are common in spring and summer, yielding around 10–11 wet days per month during peak periods like June. The area receives about 206 sunny days yearly, exceeding the U.S. average. Extreme temperatures rarely drop below 27°F or exceed 99°F, though occasional freezes occur in winter. Lufkin faces elevated risks from severe convective events, including tornadoes rated as severe in likelihood and hail storms at moderate levels, while tropical cyclones indirectly affect the area through heavy rainfall and gusty winds during hurricane season (June–November). Historical records show peak monthly rainfall of 21.1 inches in November 1940 and annual totals up to 79 inches in 2004.

Demographics

The population of Lufkin grew steadily through much of the , fueled by the timber industry's expansion and subsequent diversification into and services, though precise decennial figures prior to 2000 are less comprehensively documented in recent analyses. From 2000 to 2010, the city experienced moderate expansion, with the U.S. Census recording an increase that aligned with regional economic stability in . By the 2010s, growth peaked, reaching an estimated 35,928 residents in 2015, driven by employment in healthcare, , and sectors that positioned Lufkin as a regional hub with a population exceeding 100,000. Post-2015, the population trended downward slightly amid broader economic shifts, bottoming at 34,071 in 2020 before stabilizing. U.S. estimates indicate a minor decline to 34,158 by 2023, reflecting net migration patterns slower than statewide averages, where domestic inflows have propelled overall state growth. This contrasts with the metro area's steadier rise, from 80,130 in 2000 to 86,771 in 2010, underscoring Lufkin's role in supporting surrounding Angelina County rather than rapid urban influx. Factors such as stable local industries and infrastructure investments have tempered outflows, but the city's expansion has lagged behind national benchmarks for comparable municipalities, with only 2.5% total growth since 2000. Recent data signal a resumption of modest increase, with projections estimating 34,254 residents by 2025 at an annual rate of 0.11%, supported by targeted in and revitalization aimed at attracting families and retaining . Over the 2000–2023 period, the average annual growth rate stood at 0.07%, indicative of resilience in a resource-dependent but vulnerability to broader migration dynamics favoring larger metros.

Racial and Ethnic Composition

As of July 1, 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Lufkin's at 34,158, with racial and ethnic breakdown: alone (non-Hispanic) at 42.7%, Hispanic or Latino (of any race) at 33.2%, Black or African American alone at 18.8%, Asian alone at 1.8%, American Indian and Alaska Native alone at 0.8%, Native Hawaiian and Other alone at 0.1%, and two or more races at 5.5%.
Race/EthnicityPercentage (2023 est.)
White alone, non-Hispanic42.7%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)33.2%
Black or African American alone18.8%
Asian alone1.8%
Two or more races5.5%
American Indian/ Native0.8%
Native Hawaiian/0.1%
This composition reflects a diversification from earlier decades; for instance, the recorded persons at 59.9% and or African American persons at 26.6%, indicating a relative decline in the non- share alongside growth in the , consistent with broader trends driven by migration and economic factors in industries like and . Foreign-born residents comprise about 10.5% of the , predominantly from , contributing to the ethnic plurality.

Socioeconomic Indicators

The median household income in Lufkin was $56,722 based on the 2019–2023 five-year estimates, lower than the contemporaneous state median of $75,780 and the national median of $80,610. was reported at $40,028. The poverty rate stood at 19.2% for individuals, exceeding the statewide rate of 13.7%. Educational attainment among the population aged 25 and older shows 84% having completed at least high school or an equivalent credential, with 16% lacking such attainment. The local workforce reflects this foundation, with unemployment averaging approximately 4.5% across 2024 monthly figures from the U.S. . Homeownership remains moderate at 52.0% of housing units, per 2019–2023 estimates, below the average of 63.6%.
IndicatorValuePeriodComparison to Texas
Median Household Income$56,722–2023Lower ($75,780)
Poverty Rate (Persons)19.2%–2023Higher (13.7%)
High School or Higher84%–2023Similar (86–87%)
Unemployment Rate~4.5%2024 avg.Similar (4.0–4.5%)
Homeownership Rate52.0%–2023Lower (63.6%)

Economy

Historical Economic Drivers

Lufkin was founded in 1882 as a rail stop on the Houston, East and West Texas Railway, which connected Houston to Shreveport and enabled efficient timber transport from East Texas's Piney Woods. The railway's arrival catalyzed economic activity, initially centered on agriculture and rudimentary logging, but quickly pivoted to large-scale lumber extraction as demand for yellow pine surged in the late 19th century. The timber boom from to 1920 defined Lufkin's early economy, with hundreds of sawmills proliferating across the region to harvest old-growth forests covering millions of acres. During this period, Texas's lumber output exceeded that of any other industry, peaking at 2.2 billion board feet annually by , driven by rail-accessible mills in Angelina that processed vast quantities for construction and . Local operations, including those of the Angelina County Lumber Company, introduced innovations in manufacturing and sustained-yield forestry, sustaining production amid depletion of virgin stands. Industrial support emerged with the establishment of the Lufkin Foundry and Machine Company, which produced specialized machinery and performed repairs, addressing the mechanical demands of an expanding sector reliant on steam-powered operations. This firm, backed by and investors, marked a shift toward diversification while reinforcing as the foundational driver, employing thousands and drawing labor to the area until resource exhaustion prompted transitions in the .

Current Major Industries and Employers

Lufkin's current economy features a mix of established sectors, with healthcare and social assistance leading in employment at 5,939 workers in 2023, followed by at 4,828 and educational services at 4,465. These figures reflect the city's transition from historical timber reliance to diversified operations, including , defense, and medical services. The regional workforce supports these industries through a labor pool of approximately 145,000 in , emphasizing skilled and service roles. Key employers span retail, , , and forestry-related . The following table summarizes major private and public employers based on reported headcounts:
EmployerIndustry/SectorEmployees
Retail
& Defense425
City of Lufkin413
/Forest Products~300
Burke CenterMedical Services272
Lufkin Gears (Power Transmission)190
Angelina Forest Products180
Additional significant operations include for and CHI St. Luke's Health-Memorial Lufkin for healthcare, contributing to the sector's dominance. Recent developments, such as expansions in and revitalization, aim to bolster and service jobs amid a regional rate around 8.2% as of late 2024.

Labor Market and Business Climate

The labor market in the Lufkin micropolitan area, encompassing Angelina County, supports a regional of approximately ,000 individuals skilled in , healthcare, retail, and forestry-related sectors. The civilian rate stood at 4.9% in the most recent monthly data, an improvement from 4.8% a year prior and below the long-term average of 5.96%. levels in the broader Deep East region, including Angelina County, sustain around 80,000 jobs, with steady growth tied to industrial and service demands. Median household income in Angelina County reached $58,847 in 2023, reflecting contributions from key industries where male median earnings averaged $42,278 and female earnings $28,298. Overall average annual salaries in Lufkin approximate $59,432, with sector-specific figures including $15.85 per hour for manufacturing associates and $17.25 per hour in healthcare roles. Labor force participation aligns with Texas statewide trends around 64.8%, bolstered by local training programs through Workforce Solutions Deep East Texas. Lufkin's leverages Texas's absence of state and competitive overall , contributing to the state's high rankings in business tax climate indices. The Lufkin Economic Development Corporation (EDC) facilitates growth through industrial sites, such as 50 acres adjacent to , and recent partnerships including a tech manufacturing deal with NEXIO and a $250 million expansion at Jefferson Energy. Local initiatives emphasize development, revitalization, and attracting "generational" job creators to capitalize on the area's timber heritage and role as a retail-medical hub for a 12-county region. These efforts position Lufkin to draw relocations from larger urban centers, offering small-town logistics with proximity to Houston.

Recent Investments and Developments

In May 2025, the Lufkin City Council approved a partnership with the Lufkin Economic Development (LEDC) and NEXIO Power Inc., a Texas-based manufacturer of propane-powered commercial and engines, to establish the company's and facility in the Lufkin Park's Foreign Zone. The project aims to create a hub for commercial vehicle production and alternative propulsion systems, with targeted for U.S. market entry by 2026. In September 2025, French specialty ingredients provider Gattefossé opened its first North American manufacturing plant in Lufkin, focused on lipid-based excipients for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The facility, designed to boost production capacity and regional supply chains, was attended by local officials including Congressman and Mayor Mark Hicks during its inauguration. The Lufkin Forward downtown revitalization initiative advanced significantly in 2024, with construction completing on First Street renovations by October, including leveled sidewalks, new streetlamps, and resurfaced roadways to enhance pedestrian access and stimulate business activity. Originally approved in 2021, the project sought to create a more aesthetically pleasing and functional public realm, drawing mixed public response during construction but aiming to retain younger residents through improved urban amenities. Retail sector growth included ongoing expansion and remodeling of the throughout , part of broader commercial buzz involving new grocers and restaurants that contributed to local economic optimism. In January 2023, LEDC incentives supported Jefferson Enterprise's planned $250 million repurposing of the former Aspen power site into a renewable complex with a recycle and production, slated for starting in to generate over 100 jobs, though updates remain limited.

Government and Public Services

Federal and State Representation

Lufkin, located in Angelina County, falls within , represented in the U.S. by Republican since January 2023. Moran, a former and attorney, focuses on issues such as border security, energy independence, and rural economic development relevant to constituencies. The district encompasses 17 counties in northeastern , including Angelina, with a of approximately 767,000 as of the latest . At the federal level, Lufkin residents are also represented by Texas's two U.S. senators: Republican , serving since 2013, and Republican , serving since 2002. , reelected in November 2024, emphasizes constitutional conservatism, , and opposition to federal overreach, while prioritizes judicial appointments, , and . Both senators for Texas-specific interests like limiting federal regulations on the oil and gas sector, which impacts Lufkin's and . In the Texas Legislature, Lufkin is part of House District 9, represented by Republican Trent Ashby since 2013. Ashby's district includes Angelina, Houston, Polk, San Augustine, Sabine, Shelby, and Trinity counties, where he has sponsored legislation on education funding, water resource management, and tailored to rural East Texas needs. For the state senate, the city lies in Senate District 3, represented by Republican Robert Nichols since 2007. Nichols' district covers 18 counties in East and Southeast Texas, including Angelina, and he chairs the Senate Committee on Transportation, influencing infrastructure projects like expansions in the region. As of October 2025, Ashby has announced a 2026 candidacy to challenge Nichols in the Republican primary for SD-3, signaling potential shifts in local representation. The Ward R. Burke United States Courthouse in Lufkin houses federal judicial proceedings for the Eastern District of Texas, underscoring the city's role in federal operations within the district.

Municipal Government Structure

The City of Lufkin operates under a council-manager form of government, where an elected city council holds legislative and policy-making authority, while an appointed oversees administrative operations. This structure separates policy determination from professional management, with the council setting goals and the manager implementing them through department heads. The city council consists of a mayor and six councilmembers, each serving staggered three-year terms. Councilmembers are elected from single-member wards to ensure representation across the city's geographic divisions, as delineated in official ward maps. The mayor, elected at-large, presides over council meetings, represents the city in official capacities, and votes only to break ties. Elections occur annually in May for two positions, maintaining continuity through the staggered terms. The city manager, appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the , acts as the , responsible for preparing budgets, enforcing ordinances, and managing city services including , utilities, and personnel. The manager recommends appointments for department directors but does not vote on matters. This form, common in municipalities, promotes efficiency by leveraging professional expertise in administration. The city's , last updated in 2024, outlines these powers and incorporates home-rule provisions granted in 1925.

Public Safety and Crime Statistics

The Lufkin Police Department (LPD) is responsible for public safety within city limits, maintaining divisions for patrol (50 officers across four 24/7 shifts), investigations (12 detectives and 3 crime scene technicians), communications (12 dispatchers), and special services including a SWAT team of 10 members with monthly training. The department emphasizes proactive policing in high-crime areas and community partnerships to reduce crime and enhance safety. In 2024, LPD handled 41,947 calls for service, including 27,398 emergency 911 calls, and effected 1,323 arrests. Index crimes in Lufkin have declined substantially in recent years, reaching 933 in 2024—the lowest in over five years—down from 1,146 in 2023, 1,420 in 2022, 1,654 in 2021, 1,781 in 2020, and 1,707 in 2019. Of these, crimes against persons accounted for 26.26%, primarily violent offenses, while crimes comprised 49.68%. Violent crimes included 2 (42.55% clearance rate), 30 , 26 robberies, and 122 aggravated assaults. Property crimes consisted of 109 burglaries, 566 larcenies/thefts, and 78 motor vehicle thefts.
YearTotal Index Crimes
20191,707
20201,781
20211,654
20221,420
20231,146
2024933
With a 2024 population of approximately 34,000, Lufkin's overall crime rate equated to about 2,745 incidents per 100,000 residents, reflecting the downward trend amid stable staffing and targeted enforcement. Violent crime rates remain elevated relative to national averages (approximately 529 per 100,000 in 2024 versus the U.S. average of around 380), though property crimes like thefts and burglaries saw notable reductions from 2023 levels. The Angelina County Sheriff's Office supplements city efforts in unincorporated areas, contributing to broader regional public safety.

Education

Primary and Secondary Education

Lufkin Independent School District (Lufkin ISD) operates 18 schools serving approximately 7,035 students from pre-kindergarten through grade 12, with a student-teacher ratio of 13:1. The district's student body is 79% minority enrollment, reflecting the area's demographics, and 66.5% of students are classified as at-risk. In the 2024-2025 Texas Education Agency (TEA) accountability ratings, Lufkin ISD received a B overall, with a scaled score of 80, an improvement from 77 the prior year, based on metrics including student achievement, school progress, and closing performance gaps. Primary education in Lufkin ISD encompasses multiple elementary schools, such as Brandon Elementary and Slack Elementary, which rank in the top 35% of elementaries for academic performance on state assessments. District-wide, 46% of elementary students achieved proficiency in reading and 36% in mathematics on STAAR tests. Secondary education includes middle schools and Lufkin High School, the district's sole comprehensive high school, where 29% of students participate in courses. The district's four-year graduation rate stands at 91.3% for the Class of 2023, surpassing the state , with a 2.2% dropout rate for grades 9-12; SAT scores are 949 and ACT scores 22.3. Private and charter options supplement public education, including St. Cyprian's Episcopal School (pre-K through grade 12), St. Patrick School (Catholic, pre-K through grade 8), Fredonia Hill Baptist Academy, Lufkin Christian Academy, and the charter Pineywoods Community Academy. These institutions serve smaller enrollments and emphasize religious or specialized curricula, with St. Cyprian's noted for its Christian foundation and high school program.

Higher Education Institutions

Angelina College, a public community college, serves as the primary higher education institution in Lufkin, with its main campus located at 3500 South First Street. Founded in 1968, it offers over 80 associate degrees, certificates, and workforce credentials across divisions including arts and education, business and technology, science and mathematics, and health careers. The college enrolls approximately 4,195 students and maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of 20:1, with programs accredited by bodies such as the Texas Board of Nursing for its nursing offerings. Texas Bible College, established in 1964, provides specialized higher education focused on at its campus on College Drive. The institution emphasizes apostolic doctrine and prepares students through programs in and related fields, operating both on-site and to develop leaders for church roles. No four-year universities are headquartered in Lufkin, though nearby institutions like in Nacogdoches offer additional options within commuting .

Educational Challenges and Reforms

Lufkin Independent School District (Lufkin ISD), serving approximately 13,000 students, has faced enrollment declines driven by competition from charter schools, , and emerging voucher programs under Bill 2, prompting discussions of campus closures for facilities with low attendance, such as elementary schools operating below capacity. These pressures reflect broader trends where must compete for students amid state expansions in , with Lufkin administrators emphasizing the need for improved promotion to retain families. Academic performance in Lufkin ISD lags state averages in key metrics, with 46% of elementary students proficient or above in reading and 36% in mathematics on STAAR assessments, compared to Texas statewide figures of around 52% and 41%, respectively, for the 2023-2024 school year. The district received a B accountability rating from the Texas Education Agency (TEA) for 2024-2025, an improvement from prior years but still below A status, with Lufkin High School earning distinctions in six of seven domains including postsecondary readiness. Graduation rates remain strong at 95% for the Class of 2023, exceeding the state median, though dropout rates for grades 9-12 stood at 1.4%. Economically disadvantaged students, comprising a majority in the district, contribute to these gaps, as poverty correlates with lower proficiency in standardized testing per TEA data analyses. In response, Lufkin ISD has implemented targeted reforms, including the launch of the as an in-house campus for the 2025-2026 year, replacing participation in the external Stubblefield Learning Center to provide customized support for at-risk and disciplinary students, aiming to boost retention and outcomes. The district also maintains fiscal , earning TEA's highest financial rating in recent audits, enabling investments like expanded weekend programs through partnerships such as Second Sacks, which now covers all campuses to address food insecurity. Administrative efficiencies, including potential to underused campuses, further support reallocation without reductions. These measures prioritize data-driven interventions over unsubstantiated equity narratives, focusing on enrollment stabilization and core academic recovery as verified by TEA metrics.

Infrastructure

Transportation Networks

Lufkin's primary road network revolves around U.S. Highway 59, a major north-south route traversing the city and designated as the corridor for the future , with ongoing upgrades enhancing mobility and along segments such as from State Loop 287 to 2021. U.S. Highway 69 intersects US 59 at the city's core, facilitating east-west connectivity, while the Lufkin District of TxDOT maintains state highways across Angelina County, including improvements to interchanges like US 59 and State Loop 224. These arterials support freight movement tied to the local and sectors, with US 59 upgrades incorporating frontage roads and reconstruction for divided . Rail service in Lufkin is dominated by the Angelina & Neches River Railroad, a shortline operator founded in 1900 that manages approximately 28 miles of track, including 12 miles of mainline, serving industrial shippers with commodities such as , products, and foundry . The ANRR interchanges with at Lufkin, handling carload, unit train, , and storage operations from its base near Keltys, reflecting the city's historical reliance on rail for timber transport since its establishment as a Houston, East and West Texas Railway stop in 1882. Air transportation is provided by Angelina County Airport (KLFK), a public-use facility located seven miles southwest of downtown Lufkin, featuring two runways including a 5,400-foot paved main at 296 feet , with services encompassing , hangar leasing, and a passenger lounge but no scheduled commercial flights. The airport accommodates 50 to 150 private aircraft monthly and supports aviation operations for regional business and forestry-related travel, with the nearest major commercial hub at Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport, 105 miles south. Public transit options are limited but include fixed-route bus services operated by the Brazos Transit District, running weekdays from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. across Lufkin routes with connections to demand-response service, supplemented by a stop for longer-distance travel. Fares start at $1 for one-way trips, targeting in a region where personal vehicles predominate due to the rural-suburban layout and low-density development.

Healthcare Facilities and Services

Lufkin is primarily served by two acute care hospitals: CHI St. Luke's Health-Memorial Lufkin and Woodland Heights Medical Center. CHI St. Luke's Health-Memorial Lufkin, founded in 1949 by local business leaders, operates as a 271-bed facility providing comprehensive medical and surgical services, including the largest emergency department in East Texas with 32 private patient rooms and dedicated on-site imaging and laboratory capabilities. Woodland Heights Medical Center, a 149-bed Joint Commission-accredited hospital, offers specialized services in areas such as cardiology, pulmonology, neurology, orthopedic surgery, bariatric weight loss, digestive health, and heart care. In April 2025, Woodland Heights was recognized by Premier, Inc., as one of the nation's 100 Top Hospitals, based on metrics including 39 percent fewer inpatient deaths than peer institutions, 26.5 percent fewer patient complications, and 32 percent fewer healthcare-associated infections. Both hospitals contribute to regional healthcare access, supplemented by a Veterans Administration outpatient , assisted living facilities, and specialized treatment centers, including Oceans Lufkin for inpatient and outpatient services. Public health services are provided by the Angelina County & Cities Health District, which handles immunizations, laboratory testing, health education, and referrals, while the Lufkin State Supported Living Center offers residential and habilitative care for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities requiring medical or behavioral support. Community clinics, such as those operated by East Texas Community Health Services, deliver primary care, pediatric services, women's health, and laboratory testing to underserved populations. As of recent data, approximately 81.9 percent of Lufkin's has coverage, with 36.2 percent on employer-sponsored plans, 20.5 percent on , and 10.6 percent on Medicare, reflecting the of these facilities in addressing needs amid varying access levels.

Utilities and Water Management

The of Lufkin manages municipal utilities through its Water Utilities Division, encompassing production, distribution, sewer collection, and . distribution is handled exclusively by , serving residential and commercial customers across the area. Electricity operates within Texas's deregulated market, allowing consumers to choose from retail electric providers such as or Tara , with residential rates at 13.59 cents per kWh and typical monthly bills around $155.39 as of October 2025. Lufkin's is produced and treated by the city's Production Department, from sources that occasionally result in detectable odors due to natural organic compounds or chlorination byproducts, as well as conditions that reduce lathering . The Distribution Department maintains over miles of lines, responding to emergencies outside via a dedicated line. Adjacent districts, including Angelina County Supply District No. 1 north of the city and Angelina established in 1964, provide supplemental water services to outlying areas reliant on and surface sources. Wastewater treatment occurs at the city's on Southwood Drive, where incoming undergoes biological and chemical processes for discharge compliant with environmental standards. A 2022 peer-reviewed assessment of the facility demonstrated high removal efficiencies for like lead ( 98%) and other pollutants, confirming effective rural handling despite variable influent loads. In June 2025, the city authorized a $140,000 contract for aeration diffuser upgrades to enhance oxygen transfer and treatment performance. Regional water management faces pressures from groundwater extraction proposals; in October 2025, an East Texas conservation district near Lufkin paused plans to pump billions of gallons for export, opting for legal negotiations to balance local with demand.

Culture and Recreation

Festivals, Events, and Community Life

The Texas State Forest Festival, held annually over at the George H. Henderson, Jr. Exposition , attracts over 13,000 attendees and features rides, festival food, competitions, and live music, celebrating Lufkin's heritage while generating proceeds for local organizations such as the and Angelina Beautiful/Clean. The event requires approximately 200 volunteers contributing 2,500 hours annually, underscoring involvement in its . The Angelina Benefit , organized by the Lufkin Host Lions Club since the , occurs in late at the same exposition center and includes professional events such as , , and , with proceeds supporting charities through the foundation. This 50-year draws families and promotes for needs. The Angelina Fair, typically in , enables from schools to exhibit , agricultural projects, , crafts, and home economics entries, fostering educational development in farming and related skills while supported by and FFA programs. Additional annual gatherings include the spring Angelina AirFest with aerial demonstrations, the May Cinco de Mayo celebration of heritage featuring music and , and summer Downtown events like live music and under "Summer in the ." Holiday traditions such as the July 4th fireworks at Ellen Trout Zoo and the December Lighted further enhance seasonal . These events reflect Lufkin's emphasis on family-oriented, volunteer-driven activities rooted in regional industries like timber and , with calendars from the City of Lufkin and Visit Lufkin coordinating diverse offerings including church-hosted family fests, workshops, and outdoor paddling events like the Rendezvous. Such programming supports social cohesion in a where calendars list regular low-cost or free gatherings, from pumpkin patches to music sessions, promoting local participation without reliance on external funding.

Points of Interest and Tourism

Lufkin's tourism centers on its forestry heritage, natural surroundings, and family-oriented attractions, drawing visitors to explore the Piney Woods region's history and outdoor offerings. The city's proximity to Angelina National Forest, a 153,179-acre preserve east of Lufkin encompassing parts of Angelina, Nacogdoches, San Augustine, and Jasper counties, supports activities like hiking, boating, fishing, and camping, with the U.S. Forest Service supervisor's office located at 2221 N. Raguet Street in the city. Annual visitation to such sites underscores the appeal of East Texas's dense pine ecosystems for recreation, though local tourism data emphasizes sustainable access amid seasonal weather variations. The Texas Forestry Museum, the state's sole dedicated facility to forestry, preserves artifacts from the lumber industry's peak, including a reconstructed , locomotives, paper-making exhibits, and a historic , operating as a nonprofit at 1905 Atkinson Drive with free entry from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday, excluding major holidays. Interactive displays and scavenger hunts engage families in the causal links between East Texas's timber resources—once fueling mills that processed billions of board feet annually—and modern conservation practices. Ellen Trout Zoo, established in 1967 at 402 Zoo Circle, houses nearly 800 exotic and native animals across spacious grounds, attracting approximately 150,000 visitors yearly with train rides, playgrounds, and picnic areas open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily. Accredited exhibits feature species like red pandas and reptiles, reflecting investments in habitat simulation that prioritize over expansive scale. The Museum of East Texas, situated in the restored 1925 St. Cyprian's at 503 N. Second Street, hosts rotating visual arts and regional history displays with free admission Tuesday through Friday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and weekends from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. Programs emphasize cultural narratives, from indigenous artifacts to contemporary works, fostering education without ideological overlays. Historic downtown Lufkin offers pedestrian-friendly exploration of early 20th-century architecture, including the Pines Theater—a 1920s venue revived for performances—and nearby sites like the Naranjo Natural History Museum, complementing tourism with low-key cultural immersion tied to the area's sawmill boom. Nearby Ratcliff Lake provides swimming and trails within Davy Crockett National Forest, extending options for nature-based escapes.

Arts, Downtown Revitalization, and Cultural Initiatives

Lufkin's arts community includes several nonprofit organizations dedicated to visual and . The , established in , presents professional live performances at venues like the Temple Theater and promotes arts education through community programs. The Lufkin Art Guild, founded in 1975, hosts annual public exhibitions with sales and offers workshops to foster local visual artists. The Museum of supports visual arts education with year-round public programs, exhibitions, and events such as art camps and the of Trees. Downtown revitalization efforts, coordinated through the Lufkin Forward initiative, have focused on enhancing public spaces to support cultural activities since 2021. The Lufkin and Vision aims to stimulate by improving and . Construction on the First Street project began in April 2024 and concluded with a grand opening on , 2024, featuring upgraded , , and amenities to attract visitors and businesses. These improvements integrate with the Cultural , which hosts events like SpringFest and murals that showcase local art. Cultural initiatives are led by organizations like Lufkin Creative, which partners with local entities to fund public art projects, including microgrants for artists and community workshops such as the Art of Food series. The group organizes the annual Heritage Festival, celebrating heritage with live performances, vendors, and family activities, scheduled for 2025 to promote cultural exchange. These efforts emphasize community-driven preservation of regional traditions amid , drawing on local resources without reliance on external ideological frameworks.

Media

Newspapers and Print Media

The primary newspaper in Lufkin is The Lufkin Daily News, which has served the city and Angelina County since its founding in 1906. Originally published in daily and semiweekly editions by Texas Newspapers, Incorporated, under editor G. E. Watford, the paper covered local events, forestry industry developments, and regional politics amid Lufkin's growth as a lumber hub. It ceased operations briefly in 1959, succeeded by Lufkin News until 1982, during which time the latter earned a Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting in 1977 for exposing corruption in Angelina County government operations. The Lufkin Daily News resumed publication in 1982 and continues as a daily broadsheet owned by Southern Newspapers Inc., with headquarters at 300 Ellis Avenue. As of recent reports, The Lufkin Daily News maintains a daily circulation of approximately 7,500 and a Sunday circulation of about 9,000, focusing on from Angelina County and , including , crime, business, and events. The provides print editions alongside digital access via lufkindaily.com, emphasizing local such as coverage of municipal decisions and economic trends tied to the timber and sectors. Angelina County also supports two weekly newspapers: the Diboll Free Press, serving the nearby town of Diboll with and school , and the Zavalla Herald, covering rural Angelina County areas with limited print distribution. Other print media in Lufkin include niche publications like La Lengua, a Spanish-language newspaper targeting the local community with bilingual content on regional issues, though it operates on a smaller scale without broad circulation . Commercial printing firms, such as established in , support local media production but do not publish editorial content themselves. Overall, print media in Lufkin reflects the area's modest population of around 35,000, prioritizing hyper-local reporting over national outlets, with declining print readership offset by online subscriptions.

Television and Radio Stations

KTRE (channel 9) is the primary commercial licensed to Lufkin, operating as an ABC and affiliate owned by Gray Television. The station, which signed on , , maintains studios in Lufkin and provides local news, weather, and sports coverage for , including Angelina and surrounding counties. KLNM-LD (virtual channel 32) serves as a low-power emphasizing Western and Texas-themed content, available over-the-air in Lufkin and Nacogdoches, as well as on cable provider Suddenlink channel 16 and streaming platforms like . Residents in the area also access digital over-the-air broadcasts from larger markets, such as Tyler-Longview affiliates for , , and . Lufkin hosts multiple radio stations, with dominated by Townsquare Media's cluster, which includes five outlets targeting diverse audiences through , talk, and formats.
Call SignFrequencyFormat
KYKS105.1 FM
KAFX95.5 FM Contemporary
KTBQ107.7 FM
KVLL94.7 FM
KSFA860 AM/Talk
Non-commercial stations, such as KAVX (91.9 FM) offering Christian programming, supplement the market, alongside translators and signals from nearby transmitters.

Notable People

[Notable People - no content]

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  193. https://www.visitlufkin.com/calendar.php
  194. https://www.cityoflufkin.com/calendar.php
  195. https://members.lufkintexas.org/events
  196. https://texastimetravel.com/directory/angelina-national-forest/
  197. https://www.treetexas.com/
  198. https://www.tourtexas.com/attractions/texas-forestry-museum
  199. https://www.ellentroutzoo.com/
  200. https://visitlufkin.com/_T14_R20.php
  201. https://www.metlufkin.org/
  202. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/museum-of-east-texas
  203. https://visitlufkin.com/plan_your_trip/index.php
  204. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g56211-Activities-Lufkin_Texas.html
  205. https://www.angelinaarts.org/about
  206. https://www.lufkinartguild.org/
  207. https://www.ktre.com/2024/10/02/downtown-lufkin-opens-shoppers-after-revitalization-project/
  208. https://www.lufkinforward.com/information/grand-opening-first-street-downtown-lufkin
  209. https://visitlufkin.com/explore/downtown_lufkin/index.php
  210. https://www.lufkincreative.com/
  211. https://www.cityoflufkin.com/_T2_R538.php
  212. https://members.lufkintexas.org/list/member/lufkin-creative-7820
  213. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/lufkin-daily-news
  214. https://lufkindailynews.com/site/about.html
  215. https://members.lufkintexas.org/list/member/the-lufkin-daily-news-826
  216. https://lufkindailynews.com/
  217. https://www.facebook.com/lufkindaily/
  218. https://www.yelp.com/search?find_desc=Newspapers%2B%2526%2BMagazines&find_loc=Lufkin%252C%2BTX
  219. https://www.lufkinprinting.com/
  220. https://www.ktre.com/
  221. https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/ktre-lufkin-news-bias/
  222. https://www.livenewsworld.com/ktre-lufkin/
  223. https://www.ktre.com/story/3950129/ktre-50th-anniversary/
  224. https://klnmtv.com/
  225. https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=print_station&facility_id=30211
  226. https://www.channelmaster.com/pages/free-tv-channels-lufkin-tx-75904
  227. https://www.townsquaremedia.com/local-media/brands?market=lufkin
  228. https://kicks105.com/
  229. https://kfox95.com/
  230. https://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/locate?select=city&city=Lufkin&state=TX&dx=0
  231. https://worldradiomap.com/us-tx/lufkin
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