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Previous Place of Work: FC Barcelona, AS Roma, Celta Vigo, Barcelona B, Spanish national team.
Achievements and Recognition
Awards: Included in FIFA's 100 list, Third in the Pichichi Trophy 1997-98, La Liga's revelation player (Don Balón) 1990-91.
Skills
Exceptional versatility and consistency as a player, strong technical skills, flair, and notable stamina.
Languages
Languages Spoken: Spanish.
Accent: Spanish.
Personality
Temper: Noted for his temperament and determination.
Lifestyle
Past Sport Activity and Training Regime: Professional football training.
Main Milestones
Birth
8 May 1970
Luis Enrique Martínez García was born in Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
Early Career
1989-1991
Luis Enrique began his professional football career with Sporting de Gijón, where he gained the nickname 'Lucho' after Luis Flores, a Mexican forward in the team.
Real Madrid
1991-1996
He moved to Real Madrid, where he spent five seasons and won several titles including La Liga (1994-95), Copa del Rey (1992-93), and Supercopa de España (1993).
Barcelona
1996-2004
Luis Enrique joined Barcelona on a free transfer, becoming a key player and winning multiple titles such as La Liga (1997-98, 1998-99), Copa del Rey (1996-97, 1997-98), and UEFA Super Cup (1997). He became team captain and scored several times in El Clásico against his former employers.
Retirement
2004
Due to recurring injuries and concerns about his fitness, Luis Enrique retired from professional football at the age of 34.
Barcelona B Manager
2008-2011
Luis Enrique started his managerial career with Barcelona B, helping the team return to Segunda División after an 11-year absence.
Roma Manager
2011-2012
He became the manager of Italian Serie A club Roma but left after one season due to failure to qualify for European competitions.
Celta Manager
2013-2014
Luis Enrique managed Celta before returning to Barcelona.
Barcelona Manager
2014-2017
He returned to Barcelona as the first team manager, winning the treble in his first year and the double in the second. His achievements included La Liga (2014-15, 2015-16), Copa del Rey (2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17), UEFA Champions League (2014-15), and UEFA Super Cup (2015).
Spain National Team Manager
2018-2022
Luis Enrique was appointed as the head coach of the Spain national team, leading the team to the semi-finals of Euro 2020 and finishing second in the 2020-21 Nations League.
Paris Saint-Germain Manager
July 2023
He joined French club Paris Saint-Germain, winning three domestic trophies in his first season.
A versatile player with good technique, he was capable of playing in several positions, but usually played as a midfielder or forward, and was also noted for his temperament and stamina. Starting in 1991 and ending in 2004, he represented both Real Madrid and Barcelona with both individual and team success, appearing in more than 500 official games and scoring more than 100 goals. He appeared with the Spain national team in three World Cups and one European Championship.
Luis Enrique started working as a manager in 2008 with Barcelona B, before moving to Roma three years later. In the 2013–14 season he managed Celta, before returning to Barcelona and winning the treble in his first year and the double in the second. In 2018, he was appointed Spain head coach for the first time before resigning for family reasons in 2019; he reassumed the position the same year and subsequently led the team to the semi-finals of Euro 2020 and the second place in the 2020–21 Nations League, resigning at the end of the 2022 World Cup. In July 2023, he joined French club Paris Saint-Germain, claiming three trophies in his first season and four in his second including the first Champions League in their history.
Luis Enrique was born in Gijón, Asturias, and began his career with local Sporting de Gijón,[2] where he gained the nickname Lucho after Luis Flores, a Mexican forward in the team.[3] He then spent most of his playing days with the two biggest Spanish clubs: first Real Madrid for five seasons and,[4] in 1996, after seeing out his contract and notably scoring in a 5–0 home win against Barcelona in January 1995, stating later he "rarely felt appreciated by the Real Madrid supporters and didn't have good memories there",[5] he moved to their fierce rivals at the Camp Nou on a free transfer.[6] The Catalans' supporters were at first hesitant about their new acquisition, but he soon won the hearts of the culers, staying eight years, eventually becoming team captain and scoring several times in El Clásico against his former employers;[7] he passionately celebrated at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, where he grabbed his jersey after a 25-yard strike that beat the opposing goalkeeper.[8]
During his final years in Barcelona, Enrique was often injured, and did not want to renew his contract. He had been offered a deal by his first club Sporting, which he, however, declined, stating that "he wouldn't be able to reach the level he demanded of himself" and that "he wouldn't be doing Sporting much of a favour by going there."[13] His concerns about his level and fitness made him retire on 10 August 2004 at the age of 34,[13] and he finished his professional career with league totals of 400 games and 102 goals, being named by Pelé as one of the top 125 greatest living footballers in March.[14]
In the 1994 World Cup, held in the United States, Enrique scored his first international goal, in the round-of-16 3–0 win over Switzerland in Washington, D.C.[17] In the 2–1 quarter-final defeat against Italy at Foxboro Stadium, Mauro Tassotti's elbow made contact with his face to bloody effect,[18] but during the match the incident went unpunished – Tassotti was banned for eight games afterwards;[19] when Spain met Italy at Euro 2008 on 22 June, to battle for a place in the semi-finals, Luis Enrique reportedly called for the team to "take revenge" for the 1994 World Cup incident by beating Italy.[20] Tassotti, an assistant coach with AC Milan at the time, told the newspaper Marca that he was tired of always being reminded of this incident, and that he had never intended to hurt the Spaniard.[21]
At the 1998 World Cup, Enrique played a major role in a 6–1 rout of Bulgaria in the last game of the group, scoring and assisting once and also winning a penalty, but the Spaniards were eliminated nonetheless.[22] On 5 June of the following year he scored a hat-trick, in a 9–0 win in Villarreal over San Marino in the Euro 2000 qualifiers.[23]
On 23 June 2002, Enrique retired from international football, in order to give the younger players more playing time and focus only on his club.[24]
Having occupied several positions, Luis Enrique was most noted for his exceptional versatility and consistency. He was capable of playing anywhere in midfield or along the front line, and was fielded in all positions on the pitch throughout his career, except those of central defender and goalkeeper. A strong, courageous, energetic and hard-working team player, with good technical skills, flair and notable stamina, his usual position was as an attacking midfielder in the centre of the pitch, due to his ability to link-up the forwards and the midfield, or as a right winger, but he was capable of playing anywhere along the right flank, and was often deployed as an attacking full-back or wing-back, or even as a left winger on occasion.
Due to his keen eye for goal and ability to make attacking runs into the box, Enrique frequently played as a forward, either in a withdrawn role as a second striker behind the team's main goalscorer, or even as an out-and-out striker or centre-forward – he was also used in deeper midfield roles. In addition to his playing abilities, he also stood out for his commitment, temperament, determination and leadership.[3][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
On 26 May 2008, Luis Enrique returned to Barcelona, taking over the reins of the B team, renamed Barcelona Atlètic for that season.[35] As he succeeded long-time Barcelona teammate Pep Guardiola, he stated: "I have come home", and "I finished playing here and now I will start coaching here."; in his second season he found success, helping the club return to Segunda División after an absence of 11 years.[36]
In mid-March 2011, Enrique announced he would leave at the end of the campaign, despite still having two years left on his contract.[37] He led the side to the playoffs, but they were ineligible for promotion.[38]
On 8 June 2011, Luis Enrique reached an agreement with Italian Serie A club Roma to become the Giallorossi's new head coach. He signed a two-year contract, being joined by a staff of four members, including Iván de la Peña who played two years for crosstown rivals Lazio, as technical collaborator.[39]
Even though he still had two years remaining on his contract, Enrique decided to leave Roma at the end of the season after failure to qualify for any European competition.[41][42]
On 8 June 2013, Luis Enrique became Celta de Vigo's new manager, replacing former national teammate Abel Resino.[43] He led the Galicians to the ninth position in his only season, highlights including a 2–0 home win against Real Madrid that ended the opposition's possibilities of winning the league title.[44]
On 16 May 2014, Enrique announced that he would be leaving Celta.[45]
On 19 May 2014, Luis Enrique returned to Barcelona as a manager on a two-year deal. He was recommended by sporting director Andoni Zubizarreta, his former national teammate.[46] His first competitive match was a 3–0 home league win over Elche, where he handed debuts to new signings Claudio Bravo, Jérémy Mathieu and Ivan Rakitić, and gave youth products Munir El Haddadi, Rafinha and Sandro Ramírez their maiden league appearances for the club, while summer signing Luis Suárez was unavailable for selection due to suspension.[47]
Enrique suffered his first defeat in the competition on 25 October 2014, away against Real Madrid, and although Barcelona had a successful run in the year, his management came under scrutiny because of his tactics involving several lineup changes in consecutive games. Moreover, a quarrel with Lionel Messi and other players further accentuated the team's poor form.[48]
Amid reports of dressing room unrest and after a defeat to Real Sociedad, Zubizarreta was dismissed in early January, weakening Enrique's standing at the club. A significant upturn in form followed, as a result of the coach deciding on a settled lineup with a tweak in the formation: Messi and Neymar now played as inverted wingers, while Suárez was the lone striker.[49][50] He soon equaled Guardiola's record of 11 consecutive victories,[50] while the side went on to beat Atlético Madrid and Villarreal convincingly in the Copa del Rey to advance to the final. In the domestic league, after eight wins in nine matches, they returned to the top of the table after 15 weeks.[51]
On 21 April 2015, Enrique recorded his 42nd win after 50 games in charge of Barcelona with a 2–0 victory over Paris Saint-Germain, the best record of any manager.[52] He went on to lead the club to the final of the UEFA Champions League and, on 17 May, led it to its 23rd national championship with one match to spare following a 1–0 win at the Vicente Calderón against Atlético Madrid.[53][54] On 6 June, having earlier won the domestic cup against Athletic Bilbao by the same score, the team sealed a treble with a 3–1 defeat of Juventus in the Champions League final in Berlin,[55] and three days later he signed a new contract until 2017.[56]
On 11 August 2015, Barcelona won the 2015 UEFA Super Cup 5–4 against Sevilla.[57] On 2 December, against Villanovense in the Copa del Rey round of 32, Enrique decided against bringing on a new player following Mathieu's injury with 12 minutes to go even though two replacements could still be made, as the score was 6–1 at that time and the manager said he did not want to risk introducing players to the game without adequate warm-up.[58]
In his first two seasons, Enrique rotated his goalkeepers, with Bravo playing league games and Marc-André ter Stegen playing cup and European matches. Both players, however, expressed opposition to this policy.[59][60] A second double was achieved on 22 May 2016, following a 2–0 Copa del Rey victory over Sevilla after extra time in which the team played more than 50 minutes with one player less, following the dismissal of Javier Mascherano.[61]
On 1 March 2017, Enrique announced that he would not continue as team manager after 30 June on expiration of his contract.[62]
Luis Enrique was named coach of the Spain national team on 9 July 2018, replacing former club and country teammate Fernando Hierro.[63] His first match in charge occurred on 8 September, and he led the side to a 2–1 win against England in the UEFA Nations League at Wembley Stadium.[64]
In November 2019, Enrique rejoined the national team[65] after having quit his post for personal reasons four months prior.[66][67][68] Speaking to the press after his return, a visibly angry Enrique alleged his friend and colleague of six years Robert Moreno — who managed the national team after his resignation — was "disloyal" and wanted to hold on to his interim position.[69]
When Enrique selected a 24-man Euro 2020squad (despite being allowed 26) that contained no Real Madrid players, he was accused of having an anti-Madrid bias. Several high-profile omissions from his squad were seen as a way for him to assert control over the dressing room and the team.[69] However, he led Spain to the tournament's semi-finals, in which they lost against Italy on penalties, after a 1–1 draw.[70]
At the 2022 World Cup, Enrique's team were defeated in the round of 16 following another shootout, 3–0 against Morocco.[71] In the wake of this performance, he stepped down from his position.[72]
One of the most successful managers of his generation,[83][84][85][86][87] Luis Enrique's incisive and direct football featuring quick transitions from defense to attack, though reliant on the front three of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, was in sharp contrast to the possession-heavy approach of Barcelona managers immediately prior to him.[88][89] Statistically, Luis Enrique's Barcelona, in his first two years at the club, were better than Guardiola's: Comparatively his team had scored more goals and conceded fewer, had a higher win percentage and won competitions at a similar rate.[90] Guardiola hailed them as the best counter-attacking team in the world.[49]
In his first two seasons at the Camp Nou, Enrique fielded a 4–3–3 formation. Results improved after he stopped changing his starting eleven. The team's creative outlet was the wings with Neymar and Messi as inside forwards flanking Suárez, a departure from their usual playing style. Ivan Rakitić played a pivotal role in transitioning defense to attack, and Andrés Iniesta's influence withered, while Xavi, the club's captain, reduced to a part-time, substitute role. With overlapping full-backs offering width, Neymar and Messi often drifted in-field, encouraging midfielders, Rakitic and Iniesta, to move into channels and attack in and around the box. In his third and final year, struggling for form and results, the manager switched to a 3–4–3 offense morphing into a 4–4–2 defensive shape, reminiscent of Antonio Conte's Premier League winners Chelsea more than Johan Cruyff's Dream Team, with Messi at the top of a midfield diamond, acting as chief play-maker, and Sergio Busquets, the sole holding defensive midfielder, responsible for breaking the first-line of opposition press. The system favoured Neymar in particular, who played as a left forward, often cutting inside to link with lone striker Suárez, or to create an overload in the final-third sharing creative responsibilities with Messi. This change in formation was instrumental as they overcame 0–4, the biggest first-leg deficit in Champions League history, by defeating PSG 6–1 in the second-leg; however, the physical and tactical discipline required to sustain a 3–4–3 proved controversial.[69][91][92][93][94][95][96]
Enrique continued to favour 4–3–3 for Spain, and at times the riskier 3–4–3 when the situation demanded, with the sole defensive midfielder in the pivot being the only commonality. Lacking the front three he had at Barcelona, his football retained positional and vertical aspects, though with box-to-box central midfielders, like Koke or Pedri, offering attacking thrust while the center forward dropped deep to bring wide forwards into play, accompanied by overlapping full-backs who offer width. Whilst pressing oppositions high-up, the center forward, usually Álvaro Morata, screened the opposition defensive midfielder as wide forwards engaged opposition center backs. Spain's defensive midfielder, often Busquets, tracked the run of opposition attackers when they dropped deep, sometimes pressing higher than the team's other central midfielders. In possession, Spain usually started playing out from the back, to draw the opposition in, with Thiago Alcântara or any other central midfielder, dropping alongside Busquets to help progress the ball forward. Should the opposition press aggressively, the full-backs linked up to offer additional passing options as the center backs go deep and narrow. Wide forwards made diagonal runs into the midfield to link play with those in front of them. Once the ball was progressed out of the defense, they adjusted their attacking rhythm to match the opposition's defensive structure, either opting for a speedy transition against a higher block or relying on a more positional approach play against a lower block. To mix it up, Spain initially played short passes in the defensive-third before playing long to the center forward who then attempted to bring outfield runners in to play. Wing play was used to stretch opposition and create spaces infield or create crossing opportunities, especially against compact defenses.[91]
"I do not treat all of my players the same, just as I do not treat all of my children the same. I have negotiated things with the players. On some things I have been permissive and on some I have been demanding. There are some rules that everyone must follow. That is one of my principles."
—Luis Enrique, speaking to the press after falling out with Messi in January 2015.[97]
Known for his brave and fearless management style, Enrique is quick to remove any influence that undermines his authority. Reports of his altercation with Messi at Barcelona and with Totti at Roma, both of whom wield considerable power at their respective clubs, being prime examples of that.[69] His flexibility in adopting different playing styles, while at odds with the possession-based style synonymous with Barcelona, furthered this narrative, as he continued to remain unfazed in the face of criticism and pressure.[93]Royal Spanish Football Federation president Luis Rubiales, on the back of three consecutive unsuccessful tournaments, appointed him to curb ill-discipline and complacency in the squad, stating: "We are looking for an incontestable leader, who sets out the path, and nobody then strays from that path."[69]
Messi described Luis Enrique as one of the two best managers he played for, the other being Guardiola.[98] While Guardiola maintained that though he took on many great footballing sides as a head coach, Enrique's Barcelona and Jürgen Klopp's Liverpool were the best he ever faced.[99]
In comparing the coaches he played for, Spain international Alcântara said, "[Luis Enrique] has the analytical positioning of Pep [and] the aggressiveness of Klopp" while also praising Enrique's communication skills in conveying his footballing ideas.[100] He was regarded as one of the best managers in the world of his era.[101][102][103]
Luis Enrique was sponsored by sportswear company Nike, and appeared in commercials for the brand. In a global advertising campaign in the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in South Korea and Japan, he starred in a "Secret Tournament" commercial (branded "Scorpion KO") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside footballers such as Luís Figo, Thierry Henry, Hidetoshi Nakata, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, Ronaldo and Totti, with former player Eric Cantona the tournament "referee".[106]
Luis Enrique married his longtime partner Elena Cullell on 27 December 1997.[107] Their youngest daughter, Xana, died of bone cancer at age 9 on 29 August 2019.[108][109]
After retiring from football, Enrique lived for a while in Australia to practice surfing. He took part in the 2005 edition of the New York City Marathon, finished the Amsterdam Marathon in 2006, the Firenze Marathon in 2007 and the Marathon des Sables in 2008, while also entering and finishing Frankfurt Ironman in 2007. He was due to take part in the Klagenfurt Ironman competition in July 2008, but eventually declined due to his engagement as manager of Barcelona B.[110]
^Miguelez, José (2 November 1997). "Un gol con sabor a venganza" [Revenge-flavoured goal]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
^Besa, Ramón (9 October 1997). "La cincuentena de Luis Enrique" [Luis Enrique's fifty]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
^Álvarez, Robert (21 December 1997). "Luis Enrique, 'pichichi' con 11 goles" [Luis Enrique, 'pichichi' with 11 goals]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
^Archs, Jordi (18 April 1991). "De nuevo vencidos y sin gloria" [Again beaten hopelessly]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
^Cordovilla, Anna (6 June 1999). "Líderes con otro 9–0" [Leaders with another 9–0]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
^Segurola, Santiago (29 September 1991). "El Madrid desborda a un lastimoso Sevilla" [Madrid tear pitiful Sevilla apart]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
^Domènech, Oriol (12 August 1997). "El jugador más versátil" [The most versatile player]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
^Serra, Josep María (25 September 1998). "Van Gaal, sin dudas" [Van Gaal, no doubts]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
^"Adriano: el "relevo" de Luis Enrique" [Adriano: Luis Enrique's "replacement"] (in Spanish). FC Barcelona. 22 July 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
^Ordine, Franco. "LUIS ENRIQUE Martinez" (in Italian). Treccani: Enciclopedia dello Sport (2002). Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
^Rodríguez, José María (22 May 2016). "Messi sirve el doblete" [Messi hands out double]. Marca (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
^Mínguez, Antonio (11 June 1995). "Un pasillo y muchos bostezos" [Guard of honour and yawns aplenty]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
^Ayala, Manuel (27 June 1993). "Una Copa para el consuelo" [Consolation Cup]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
^Segura, Manuel (16 May 1998). "Adiós con sonrojo" [Embarrassing goodbye]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
^Astruells, Andrés (14 June 1999). "Despedida a lo gran campeón" [Curtain call as great champions]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
^Domènech, Joan (29 June 1997). "Barça de titanes" [Titanic Barça]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
^Astruells, Andrés (30 April 1998). "La Copa más histórica" [The most historical Cup] (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived(PDF) from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
^Serra, Josep María (29 August 1996). "Título con súper-susto" [Title with mega-scare]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
^Morenilla, Juan (25 February 2007). "Supervivientes de oro" [Golden survivors]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
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