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Velingrad (Bulgarian: Велинград [ˈvɛlinɡrat]) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, Southern Bulgaria, located at the western end of Chepino Valley, part of the Rhodope Mountains. It is the administrative center of the homonymous Velingrad Municipality and one of the most popular Bulgarian balneological resorts. The town has a population of 22,602 inhabitants according to the 2011 census of Velingrad.[2][3]

Key Information

History

[edit]
The church of the Dormition of the Mother of God
Velingrad from the air

The cultural layers give grounds to claim that the Chepino region was inhabited by Thracian tribes in the 6th-5th century BC. The ancient historians Herodotus and Thucydides provide written records of this era.

The authority and importance of the temple of Dionysius in the Rhodope Mountains is indicated by the fact that Alexander the Great and the father of Octavian Augustus visited it to have the prophetess divine their future.

There are many tombs left from the Thracians - seven in the Batak Marsh (now the bottom of a lake), two mounds in the Yundola area and dozens elsewhere. Ruins of Thracian settlements and fortresses can be seen in the locality of "Pechkovets", at the foot of the medieval fortress of Tsepina, where fragments of Thracian pottery and implements of labour have also been found, and elsewhere.

The Romans conquered the Rhodope Mountains fully after invading Thrace in 45 BC. It began with a mixed Thraco-Roman period that lasted until the arrival of the Slavs. The archaeological finds of settlements and fortifications in the areas to the Roman culture in this region. These are the remains of clay pipelines for mineral water, road pavements, fortifications, marble slabs, coins, etc.

The region was inhabited by the Slavs in the 6th century. According to Bulgarian academics, the Dragovichi tribe lived there. The Dragovichi accepted many Thracian customs, but gave them typical Slavic characteristics. Soon after the Bulgar invasion of the Balkans, the whole region was annexed to the First Bulgarian Empire by Malamir.

Coins from the time of Tsar Ivan Alexander have been found in Chepino. It is believed that the fall of the Tsepina fortress and the whole region under Turkish rule took place in 1371 - 1373. After this event a number of serious changes occurred in the life of the local Bulgarians. The Ottoman Empire needed allies in its centre and began to impose Islam voluntarily or by force as early as the beginning of the 16th century.

The Ottoman register referring to the years 1516 - 1517 indicates the appearance of the first muslims in the area. At that time, there were a total of 624 households in the villages of Chepino, 12 of which were Muslim. The Bulgarians bore names such as Velcho, son of Zlatko, Petko, son of Rayo, Radul, son of Proslav, etc., while 7 households from Lajene used the Arabic Abdullah as their surname, which is usually given to all converts to Islam. These 7 households possessed a full pair, i.e. a piece of land which was believed to be able to provide a good material position for a family.

According to the Pope Metodi Draginov, at the time of the storming of Chepino by Mehmed IV, part of the population was forced to convert to Islam, because the Greek bishop Gavril accused the local population of being disobedient to the pasha in Plovdiv.[4] When the pasha arrived in Chepino, he gathered the princes and demanded to kill them, but they converted to Islam in the hope that they would be spared. Bulgarian Muslims have preserved many of the traditions of the Christian cult.

The population of Chepino did not stay away from the Revival and the national liberation struggles of the Bulgarian people. In 1816 the church ''St. Trinity''.[5] It became a centre where Bulgarian consciousness was strengthened and knowledge and enlightenment were spread. In 1823, a school was opened in the church, initially as a cell school, and later as a class school, housed in a separate building. The first teachers were Iliya Zhdrakov, Peacock Gugalov, Daskal Parthenius, Daskal Nikola Saev, who introduced as a textbook the "Fish Literary", Georgi Cholakov - Grandfather Daskal, Sava Doktorov, Stoyu Maslarov.[6]

During the Russo-Turkish War the Muslim population hid in the mountains or in the more southern settlements. Some villages, such as Ladzhene, became completely depopulated. After a few days of hiding, the inhabitants returned to their homelands.[7]

In 1902, "Sinapovo Zrantse" was founded as socialist society, which in 1905 grew into the first party organization. Later, new party organizations sprang up in Ladzhene-Banya, Rakitovo and Dorkovo.[8]

In 1923, all party organizations in Chepino took part in the September Uprising. After 1927, the Chepino Trough was a hotbed of political life. This was the time of increased cultural and mass activity - lectures, formation of cooperative groups, etc.[8]

In 1947. Todor Yamakov, the mayor of Kamenitsa, took the initiative to unite the three villages of Chepino, Ladzhene and Kamenitsa. When discussing a name for the future town, three proposals took shape. The unification of the villages under the new name of Velingrad (after Vela Peeva) was finally approved in January 1948 by a decree of the Council of Ministers in the State Gazette No. 28 of 5 February 1948. The State Gazette reports on the decree adopted on 28 January 1948 on the merger of the three villages.[9][10][11] Chepino and Kamenitsa are older settlements, but Ladzhene was founded after 1878 by Bulgarian refugees from Macedonia, because their region remained under Ottoman rule after the Treaty of Berlin.

Geography

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Velingrad town hall
Chitalishte Father Paisius

Velingrad is situated at 750–850 m above sea level. The city has a mountain climate. It is located in the European-continental climate area, on the border with the continental-Mediterranean area. Summers are warm and winters are cold. The average annual temperature is 10 °C, while the average July temperature is 19 °C. The annual duration of sunshine is about 2,000 hours. The relative air humidity ranges from 65 to 75%. Surrounded by age-old pine tree woods, the town favors abundant sunshine.

Velingrad is one of the cloudiest towns in Bulgaria. Cloud cover is highest during the winter months. Its general decrease is observed at the beginning of autumn. It is one of the places in Bulgaria with more rainless days. The presence of clear weather and abundant sunshine is typical for Velingrad. The average annual air temperature is 9 °C.

Hydrography

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Water resources in the region of Velingrad - rivers, karst and mineral springs are abundant. They are a factor in determining people's residence, their economic activity and the development of tourism in general. Numerous clear mountain streams and rivulets unite in the river Chepinska reka. Its most important streams are Gruncharitsa, Lukovitsa, Lepenitsa, Mutnitsa and Trebetushchitsa. The dams in the area diversify the natural environment, positively change the microclimate and significantly increase the attractiveness of the landscape. Velingrad has a number of karst springs such as Kleptuza.

There are more than 90 mineral water springs with curative and preventive properties in and around the town. The mineral waters (from springs and wells) vary considerably in temperature, mineralization, radon, silicic acid and fluorine content, and are suitable for treatment of a wide range of diseases. 9000 litres of water per minute spring from the five thermal and mineral deposits in Ladzhene, Kamenitsa, Chepino, Rakitovo and Kostandovo.

The Velingrad geothermal field is the largest in Southern Bulgaria. The total flow rate of the springs is 160 L/s, and only in Chepino is 70 L/s. The mineral springs (80 in number), the mild climate and the beautiful nature are the great wealth of the town. Velingrad is one of the largest spa resorts in Bulgaria and is known as the "Spa Capital of the Balkans". There are numerous sanatoriums, resorts, modern spas and hotels here.

Together with the numerous mineral waters, Velingrad boasts another natural phenomenon as well — the Kleptuza, the biggest Karst spring in Bulgaria, with an average discharge of 1200 litres of ice-cold water per second.

In Ladzhene, the springs are divided into 3 groups. The westernmost group at Velova Banya consists of 18 springs; at the men's and women's baths there are 11 springs and at the melting pot - 7 springs. The water in Ladzhene contains 5.5 mg/L fluorine, which exceeds the bottling standard and is not recommended for prolonged daily drinking. It can be used for drinking treatment for which the balneological criterion is up to 8 mg/L.

In Kamenitsa, water is the hottest. There are 8 springs, of which the most important are the springs of Syarna Banya and Vlasa. The water has the highest fluorine content of 8.6 mg/L and is suitable only for banya treatment and for fluoride prophylaxis under special dosages.[12]

A spring with a high fluorine content is located near the Yellow Rock. The rock is an interesting natural landmark. It is located on the Karkaria Ridge, near the Cepina Fortress. It offers a panoramic view of the Chepino Valley, Mount Syutka and the Alabak Ridge.[13]

Districts

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Chepino

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Chepino is the southernmost of the three districts of Velingrad. Before the foundation of the town, the district was the village of Banya Chepinskaya, which was renamed in 1934 to the village of Chepino (after the Chepino valley). Its name has undergone changes (Banya, Banya-Chepino, Chepino-Banya, Chepino).[14]

Ladzhene

[edit]

The central district of Velingrad. It contains the building of Velingrad Municipality, the central post office, the district court, the central cooperative market and other institutions. Ladzhene was once a feudal chiflik, around which a settlement was established due to the presence of mineral springs and baths.[15]

Kamenitsa

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The district is the largest of them all in Velingrad. One of the oldest Bulgarian churches is located in the district. The floor of its altar was used for hiding weapons during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

Economy and infrastructure

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Velingrad railway station

Economy

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The structure and development of the economy in Velingrad is largely determined by the available natural resources and long-standing traditions. The main structural economic sectors are the timber and wood processing industry, tourism, small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture. Some leading and traditional industries of 10-15 years ago - mechanical engineering, chemical industry, marble mining and processing, wood board production are no longer functioning as a result of the transition to a market economy and privatisation. Only the chemical industry plant Crystal and mechanical engineering plant Kentavar have survived. The GDP in 1998 amounted to 45 million dollars and by this indicator the municipality ranks 51st among the municipalities in Bulgaria. GDP per capita for the same period was BGN 2 719.[16]

The sectors of industrial production include: timber and wood processing, furniture manufacturing, machine building, cosmetics and chemical products manufacturing, marble processing, mineral water bottling, tailoring, carpet making.[16]

In the industrial enterprises, net sales revenues have increased continuously over the last five years.[16]

Transport

[edit]

The town is connected by the only narrow-gauge railway line in Bulgaria with the Septemvri station, the towns of Razlog and Bansko and the Dobrinishte station. The station is in the central district of Ladzhene, and in the quarter Chepino has a railway station Velingrad-South.

Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]
Velingrad
Year 1887 1910 1934 1946 1956 1965 1975 1985 1992 2001 2005 2009 2011 2021
Population ?? ?? 10,782 12,592 18,146 20,077 23,848 25,432 25,634 24,818 24,117 23,780 22,602 20,826
Highest number 25,634 in 1992
Sources: National Statistical Institute,[17] citypopulation.de,[18] pop-stat.mashke.org,[19] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences??

Religion

[edit]

In the town most of the inhabitants are Orthodox Christians, in the surrounding villages the population is composed mainly of Muslim Bulgarians (Pomaks). They are ethnic Bulgarians with Bulgarian as their mother tongue, but profess Islam. Islam has spread slowly and gradually in the Chepino valley.[20] The number of Muslims was also increased afterwards when the Greek Patriarchate imposed exorbitant taxes on the Christian population who refused to pay them. Then the Greek bishop Gabriel of Plovdiv complained to the pasha, who went to settle the accounts. Some of the rebellious population chose to convert to Islam rather than pay the corresponding levies to the Greek Church.[4]

There is also a Congregational community in the city, part of the Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches.[21]

Ottoman registers from 1516-1712[20]
Year Muslim families
1516 10%
1528 12%
1570 26%
1595 31%
1640 50%
1712 89%

Velingrad has an Aromanian community, being one of the few places in Bulgaria where Aromanians live.[22][23] An Aromanian cultural organization exists in Velingrad.[24]

Culture, education and architecture

[edit]
Villa "Raina", Velingrad, Bulgaria

There are eight schools (five of them high schools),[25] three reference libraries (chitalishtes), about 100 hotels (some of which five-star), a stadium and a city orchestra.

The Villa Raîna is a Néo-Renaissance villa in the city's area of Ldžene (Bulgarian: Лъдженe) and was designed in 1928 by a renowned pre-WWII Serbian architect Milutin Borisavljević (1889-1970). Initially, "Raina" was conceived as the summer house of the Belgrade based industrialist, Stojadin "Stole" Stevović (1888-1945), for the needs of the families Stevović and Simić. The site selected was a hilltop just outside the city of Velingrad, locally called the "Acropolis". The design mainly reflected the values of French Renaissance architecture but with discreet decorative features in the then fashionable Art Deco style. The house was nationalized in 1946, and transformed into a sanatorium for the treatment of infectious diseases. In 1992 the Villa Raina was restituted to Stevović's heirs (families Krsmanović-Simić and Gillès de Pélichy). The summer house is today protected by law as a cultural and historical monument of regional importance.[26]

Balneology and tourism

[edit]

The natural environment, climatic features, and mineral springs favourable for the treatment of a number of diseases make Velingrad a tourist destination for Bulgarian as well as foreign citizens.[citation needed] On the territory of the city there are 3 sanatoriums, over 60 hotels, 140 restaurants and entertainment venues. Six holiday complexes have been modernised, offering all types of balneological services. Public mineral baths have been improved and 22 outdoor and indoor mineral pools have been built.

In Velingrad there is a possibility for treatment of lung and joint diseases, neurological and gynecological problems (including infertility), kidney, liver, gastrointestinal and many other problems. Spa treatment is carried out by drinking mineral water, inhalations, baths and rinses.[citation needed]

Landmarks

[edit]
Kleptuza

Kleptuza

[edit]

Among the landmarks of Velingrad is the Kleptuza karst spring with a flow of 600 to 1200 L/s. The park with its two lakes is one of the symbols of the town. It is located in the Chepino district, which is one of the three thermal zones in Velingrad. A large part of the spring water is used for drinking purposes; the other part feeds two lakes, which then flow into the Chepinskaya River, and from there into the Maritsa and the White Sea. Pine forests stretch south from the karst spring and have been turned into a natural park. The park was built with own funds by the former rural municipality of Chepino - Banya, and the first lake was established in 1933.[27]

Velingrad History Museum

[edit]

The beginning of the museum work in the Chepino region was laid in 1909 by Hristo Maslarov. On his initiative the community centre in the village of. Kamenitsa, an Archaeological Museum was established, approved by the Ministry of Education. In the following decades, many testimonies about the past of this region were collected in school and community museum collections. On this basis, the Velingrad City History Museum was established in 1952. Later it was transformed into the house museum "Vela Peeva". In 1991, the Ministry of Culture decided to change its status again to the Historical Museum - Velingrad. Archaeology, Renaissance, Ethnography, New and Recent History and Art Departments were formed. More than 19,000 archaeological finds, objects of old life, icons, old printed books, personal belongings and archives of famous personalities, photographs and documents are stored and studied in them. The museum has a special building built in 1982 with spacious and comfortable exhibition halls.[28][29] In them are presented the permanent exhibitions on Vela Peeva, an ethnographic exhibition, an exhibition on painted Easter eggs and an exhibition on Nikolay Giaurov.[30]

Sports

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The city's football club is Chepinets Velingrad.

Honour

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Velingrad Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica is named after the city.

Notable people

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References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Velingrad

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from Grokipedia

Velingrad is a in , southern , located in the Chepino Valley of the western at an elevation of nearly 800 meters above . The town, with a of approximately 25,000 residents, was established in 1948 by merging the villages of Chepino, Kamenitsa, and Ladzhene. Renowned as the "Spa Capital of the ," Velingrad boasts over 80 mineral springs with temperatures ranging from 28 to 91 °C, which supply waters rich in therapeutic properties used for , treating conditions such as , respiratory issues, and skin disorders. The abundance of these springs, combined with the surrounding forested landscapes and mild , has made the town a prominent destination for health tourism, wellness retreats, and outdoor activities year-round. Economically, Velingrad relies heavily on , supported by numerous hotels, medical facilities, and cultural sites including historical museums and churches, while its infrastructure includes railway connections facilitating access from major cities like and . The encompasses additional villages, contributing to a broader administrative population exceeding 40,000, and emphasizes in its and natural resources sectors.

History

Ancient and medieval periods

The territory of present-day Velingrad, situated in the Chepino Valley of the western , exhibits evidence of Thracian settlement dating back to antiquity, with archaeological discoveries including tombs, fortifications, and artifacts attesting to their presence as pastoralists, farmers, and metalworkers in the region. Thracian tribes inhabited these lands prior to Roman expansion, and recent excavations on Mount Ostrets, adjacent to Velingrad, have uncovered a linked to their religious practices, highlighting the area's role in Thracian cultic activities. Following the Roman conquest of in the CE, the region entered a phase characterized by the exploitation of local mineral springs for therapeutic purposes; remnants of Roman-era water catchments, pipes, and balneological infrastructure persist in the Kamenitsa and Chepino districts, indicating organized use of the springs for and until the decline of Roman influence around the 5th-6th centuries. The medieval era saw the integration of the area into the after the 7th-century arrival of and Proto-Bulgars, though specific settlements remained sparse amid the mountainous terrain. By the 11th-13th centuries, the Tsepina Fortress was constructed atop an ancient Thracian site in the Chepino Valley, serving as a strategic stronghold and briefly as the capital of Despot Slav's domain in the early during the Second Bulgarian Empire's fragmentation. This fortress, overlooking the valley, underscored the region's defensive importance until its conquest by Byzantine forces in 1230.

Ottoman era and early modern developments

The villages comprising the modern municipality of Velingrad—primarily Chepino, Kamenitsa, and Ladzhene—were integrated into the Ottoman Empire as part of the following the progressive conquest of Bulgarian territories between the late 14th and early 15th centuries, with the Rhodope region secured by the 1420s through military campaigns and submission of local lords. The inhabitants, ethnic of Eastern Orthodox Christian faith, sustained themselves through small-scale agriculture, sheep and goat herding, and exploitation of forest resources in the rugged terrain, paying taxes such as the haraç (head tax on non-Muslims) and contributing labor to Ottoman infrastructure projects. The region's over 80 mineral springs, with temperatures ranging from 28°C to 92°C and rich in sulfates and bicarbonates, were harnessed during Ottoman rule for therapeutic bathing to treat ailments like and skin conditions, as well as for in Islamic ablutions, particularly after local religious shifts; this usage built on pre-Ottoman traditions but aligned with the empire's hamam in Muslim communities. Religious transformation marked a key development in the Chepino , where Ottoman policies facilitated Islamization amid broader efforts to consolidate control in frontier zones. Bulgarian historiographical accounts, drawing on local chronicles, describe a coercive conversion around 1600–1620, triggered by villagers' resistance to enforcers and culminating in a that imposed under threat of enslavement or execution, fostering a (Bulgarian Muslim) identity. However, Ottoman archival evidence, including vakıf (endowment) registers assigning Chepino villages to Islamic foundations for mosque maintenance and poor relief, indicates Muslim settlers and converts present by the mid-16th century, supporting arguments by demographers like Kemal Karpat for a more incremental process driven by economic incentives, intermarriage, and administrative pressures rather than singular violence. By the 18th century, formed the demographic majority, with remaining Christians facing devşirme (child levy) and periodic cizye impositions, though the area's remoteness limited intense central oversight. Administrative structures evolved with the appointment of local kadi (judges) and subaşı (police chiefs) to oversee timar (fief) allocations and resolve disputes, while vakıfs funded community facilities, embedding the region in Ottoman fiscal networks; population estimates from scattered defters suggest modest growth, with Chepino numbering around 200–300 households by the 17th century, reflecting stability amid periodic banditry and tax revolts. These dynamics persisted into the 19th century, as rising Balkan nationalism sparked minor unrest, culminating in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, which liberated the area and prompted emigration of some Muslim residents, though Pomak communities endured.

20th-century unification and communist period

In 1948, amid the consolidation of communist authority in following the Soviet-backed establishment of the Fatherland Front government in 1944 and the formal declaration of the in 1946, the villages of Chepino, Ladzhene, and Kamenitsa were administratively merged to form the town of Velingrad. The unification decree, issued by the on January 28, 1948, reflected the regime's policy of centralizing rural administration to facilitate socialist planning and resource exploitation in peripheral regions. The new town's name honored Vela Peeva, a local activist and partisan fighter executed by authorities in 1943 for anti-fascist activities, underscoring the regime's emphasis on commemorating revolutionary figures to legitimize its rule. Under the Bulgarian Communist Party's direction from 1946 to 1989, Velingrad was prioritized for development as a balneological , capitalizing on its more than 80 springs with temperatures between 28°C and 92°C to support state health initiatives. policies enabled the conversion of pre-existing structures, such as private residences, into facilities like sanatoriums for treating infectious and other diseases, aligning with socialist healthcare's focus on preventive and rehabilitative care for workers. State investments during the and funded infrastructure expansions, including pipelines for distribution, rest homes, and medical complexes, transforming the area into a hub for therapeutic within the and promoting it as a model of socialist welfare provision. By the 1970s, these efforts had established Velingrad as a destination for over 100,000 annual visitors seeking treatments for , cardiovascular conditions, and respiratory ailments, though growth was constrained by centralized planning inefficiencies and limited private initiative.

Post-communist transition and recent growth

Following the collapse of communist rule in in November 1989, Velingrad experienced the broader national challenges of economic restructuring, including peaking at over 1,000% annually in the mid- and widespread of state-owned enterprises. Many of the town's sanatoriums and resorts, established under the communist regime for worker health , were privatized through schemes and direct sales starting in the early , leading to initial disruptions such as job losses and underinvestment amid scandals in asset transfers. Despite these difficulties, Velingrad's , centered on its 80+ mineral springs with temperatures up to 93°C, began pivoting toward private wellness and services, providing relative stability compared to industrial regions. The early 2000s marked a construction boom, with investments in modern facilities transforming Velingrad into a competitive European spa destination; by 2020, the town hosted 45 s, 20 guesthouses, 2 sanatoriums, 7 public mineral baths, and 32 pools, attracting domestic and select international visitors focused on health treatments rather than mass beach . Bulgaria's accession in 2007 unlocked cohesion funds, financing infrastructure upgrades in Velingrad, including energy efficiency renovations in public buildings (e.g., €1.085 million project completed in the ) and environmental initiatives like a €3.2 million composting facility in 2020. These developments supported as the primary growth driver, with approximately 165,000 tourist registrations in 2015, including 55,000 foreigners primarily from neighboring countries and . In recent years, Velingrad has seen sustained interest in , evidenced by high guest ratings for facilities like Kashmir Wellness & Spa Hotel, which ranked among Bulgaria's top hotels in assessments. However, the municipality's has declined to an estimated 32,181 in from over 40,000 in the early post-communist era, reflecting out-migration and a negative natural increase ( 10.8‰ vs. death rate 14.2‰), underscoring persistent demographic pressures despite tourism's contributions to local and GDP. EU structural funds continue to support social inclusion and sustainability projects, such as Roma community initiatives under ROMACT, aiding balanced growth amid Bulgaria's uneven post-communist recovery.

Geography

Location and topography

Velingrad is situated in Pazardzhik Province in southern Bulgaria, at the western end of the Chepino Valley within the Rhodope Mountains. Its geographic coordinates are 42°01′39″N 23°59′30″E. The Chepino Valley extends approximately 18 kilometers in length and 4 to 7 kilometers in width, featuring a relatively flat floor interspersed with low hills. The town occupies an elevation ranging from 750 to 850 meters above sea level, nestled amid forested mountain slopes characteristic of the mid-altitude Rhodope range. The surrounding terrain includes karst formations and dense woodlands, with the Rhodope Mountains rising to peaks such as Golyam Perelik at 2,191 meters. This valley-mountain configuration contributes to Velingrad's microclimate and scenic landscape, with fault-line origins shaping the local geomorphology.

Climate and environmental features

Velingrad exhibits a characterized by warm summers and cold, snowy winters, with significant seasonal temperature variations due to its elevation of approximately 750 meters in the . Average high temperatures range from 4°C in to 25°C in , while lows vary from -6°C in to 13°C in . Precipitation averages 964 mm annually, distributed moderately throughout the year but peaking in June with 112 mm, making it the wettest month; November is comparatively drier at 60 mm. Snowfall is common from late to mid-April, with seeing the maximum accumulation of around 158 mm water equivalent. Sunshine hours fluctuate from 2.6 hours per day in December to 10.8 hours in , supporting a distinct from late spring to early autumn. The surrounding environment features mountainous terrain with extensive forests dominated by deciduous species such as and , alongside coniferous stands, fostering habitats for diverse and typical of the Rhodope region, a noted European . Protected areas nearby preserve unique ecosystems with low human impact, enhancing resilience against environmental stressors. Air quality remains generally good, with particulate matter levels often below thresholds that pose health risks, attributed to the rural setting and dispersing pollutants from urban centers; real-time indices frequently classify it as acceptable for sensitive populations. These features, combined with low industrial activity, position Velingrad as a locale conducive to health-oriented recreation, though regional studies note occasional heavy metal traces in soils from natural geological sources rather than anthropogenic .

Hydrography and mineral resources

The hydrography of Velingrad is characterized by abundant surface and resources, including rivers and springs that have historically influenced patterns. The primary river in the area is the Chepinska River, which flows through the Chepinska and the southern part of Velingrad, traversing a wide valley within the Western Rhodope Mountains. This river basin exhibits anthropogenic impacts on , with monitoring indicating variations in parameters due to local activities. Velingrad's mineral water resources are among the most extensive in Bulgaria, featuring over 70 hot springs with a combined flow rate of approximately 132 liters per second across the town's territory. These thermal waters vary in temperature from 28°C to 91°C and composition, predominantly classified as sulfate-hydrocarbonate-sodium-fluoride-silicic type, which remains unpolluted by sanitary and chemical standards. The waters support balneological applications, including spa tourism and heating, with the Velingrad geothermal field recognized as one of 's largest. Beyond thermal waters, the region hosts solid mineral deposits, notably quarries near Velingrad and sources adjacent to the village of Ognyanovo within the municipality. These resources contribute to local extraction activities, though exploitation levels vary based on economic viability and environmental considerations.

Administrative divisions

Main districts and their characteristics

Velingrad's main districts originated from the three villages—Chepino, Ladzhene, and Kamenitsa—that merged in 1948 to form the town. These quarters retain distinct identities shaped by their historical roles as spa settlements and rural communities in the Chepino Valley. Kamenitsa is the largest district, encompassing significant mineral spring resources such as the Vlasa and Sярна Banya (Sulphur Bath) sources, which support local balneotherapy facilities and attract visitors for therapeutic bathing. It features expansive residential areas developed post-merger, with elevations around 750-850 meters contributing to its mild climate suited for year-round settlement. Ladzhene serves as the central district, housing key administrative and commercial infrastructure including the municipal hall, central post office, district court, and cooperative market. This positioning facilitates urban functions, with denser building patterns reflecting its role as the town's historical and economic core before unification. Chepino, the southernmost district, is renowned for its abundance of mineral springs, making it a focal point for spa tourism with over 80 registered thermal sources in the vicinity, many utilized since the early for health treatments. Originally known as Banya Chepinska, it features natural attractions like the Kleptuza and supports resort infrastructure amid forested terrain.

Demographics

The of Velingrad Municipality has declined consistently over the past two decades, decreasing from 37,728 residents recorded in the 2001 to 35,757 in 2011—a reduction of approximately 5.2%—and further to 32,951 in the 2021 , representing an additional drop of about 7.8%. This trajectory continued into the mid-2020s, with estimates placing the municipal at 32,181 as of late 2024. Within the municipality, the urban of the town of Velingrad constituted around 19,934 residents in 2024 estimates, while rural areas accounted for 12,247, highlighting a concentration in the central town amid overall shrinkage. Key drivers of this decline include negative natural population growth and net out-migration, consistent with broader Bulgarian demographic patterns of , elevated mortality among an aging populace, and to urban centers or abroad. In 2018, for instance, the recorded 366 births against 480 deaths, yielding a natural balance of -114, while migration resulted in 379 arrivals but 523 departures, for a net migration balance of -144 and an overall annual decrease of 258 residents. Birth rates stood at 10.8 per 1,000 inhabitants that year—relatively favorable compared to the national average of around 8-9 per 1,000 in recent periods—while the death rate was 14.2 per 1,000, and the migration rate -4.2 per 1,000, contributing to an average annual variation of -0.72% from 2016 to 2018.
Census YearMunicipal Population
200137,728
201135,757
202132,951
These dynamics reflect Velingrad's position in a rural-mountainous with limited economic pull for young workers, despite its appeal as a balneological center potentially attracting seasonal or retiree inflows that have not offset structural losses. The aging demographic structure exacerbates the trend, as working-age cohorts diminish through out-migration, straining local sustainability without targeted interventions.

Ethnic composition and migration patterns

The ethnic composition of Velingrad municipality, as recorded in the 2021 Bulgarian census, is overwhelmingly Bulgarian, with 25,010 individuals self-identifying as such, representing approximately 91.7% of those declaring an ethnicity. Roma form the largest minority group at 2,022 persons (about 7.4%), followed by Turks at 229 (0.8%), while 2,781 residents (roughly 9% of the total population) did not specify or fell into other categories. These figures align with broader patterns in the Rhodope region, where ethnic Bulgarians predominate, including subgroups such as Pomaks—Bulgarian-speaking Muslims who typically self-identify ethnically as Bulgarian despite religious differences. Migration patterns in Velingrad reflect national trends of depopulation, with a of -4.2 per 1,000 inhabitants in recent years, indicating more outflows than inflows. During the communist era (1956–1992), the municipality experienced steady population growth, driven by administrative unification of surrounding villages and internal rural-to-urban shifts within , increasing from fragmented settlements to a consolidated spa center. Post-1992, following the transition to , growth stalled into an insignificant decline through 2011, exacerbated by 's EU accession in 2007, which accelerated to for economic opportunities, alongside low birth rates (10.8 per 1,000) and higher death rates (14.2 per 1,000). Internal migration has been mixed, with some seasonal inflows for tourism-related employment attracting workers from nearby rural areas, but overall outflows to larger cities like or abroad dominate, contributing to a shrinking working-age population.

Religious affiliations

According to the 2021 Bulgarian census data for Velingrad Municipality, comprise 13,497 individuals, while number 13,186, resulting in a near balance between the two primary religious groups among those declaring an affiliation. Nationally, identifying as Eastern Orthodox constitute 97% of those specifying a , a pattern that holds locally given the predominance of the in the region. Other religions account for 16 persons, and 399 reported no religion. This composition deviates from the national average, where Eastern Orthodox Christians form about 69% of the population and around 11%, reflecting Velingrad's unique demographic influenced by historical settlement patterns in the area. The municipality's religious diversity is evident in its places of worship, including Orthodox churches such as the Dormition of the Mother of God Church in the town center.

Economy

Economic structure and key sectors

Velingrad municipality's economic structure reflects its position as a mountainous spa destination, with the service sector predominating due to tourism-related activities, trade, and transport, accounting for approximately 27.4% of employment as of recent assessments. Industry, including wood processing and light manufacturing tied to local forestry resources, contributes around 24.7% to employment, leveraging the Rhodope region's timber abundance for production of furniture and related goods. Agriculture, focused on livestock farming and crop cultivation suited to the terrain, represents about 5.4% of the workforce, though it utilizes a significant portion of land resources for pastoral activities. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) form a critical backbone, spanning retail, support services, and artisanal production, fostering local amid limited large-scale industrialization. The municipality's GDP per capita lags behind national averages, influenced by seasonal fluctuations and reliance on external visitors, with overall economic activity shaped by dependencies rather than heavy industry or advanced tech sectors. Recent development initiatives emphasize sustainable practices in and to bolster resilience against demographic decline and market volatility.

Tourism and balneology industry

Velingrad's tourism sector is dominated by balneology, capitalizing on its extensive springs for therapeutic and wellness applications. The town possesses over 80 springs, with temperatures spanning 28°C to 98°C, enabling diverse treatments such as baths, inhalations, and drinking cures. These waters, rich in s like calcium, bicarbonate, and sulfate, are utilized in protocols targeting conditions including musculoskeletal disorders, urinary tract issues, and respiratory ailments. Designated the Spa Capital of Bulgaria in 2005 and the Spa Capital of the Balkans in 2008, Velingrad hosts specialized facilities including the Veliova Bath for general , for pelotherapy, Bath for low-radiation treatments, and Bath for circulatory benefits. The industry supports numerous spa hotels and medical centers, with registering 44 medical spa centers and 110 spa hotels nationwide as of June 2025, many concentrated in balneological hubs like Velingrad. Balneological tourism drives local economic activity through accommodation, medical services, and ancillary wellness offerings amid the Rhodope Mountains' scenic environment. While precise figures for Velingrad remain scarce, national spa tourism recorded 720,000 visitors by August 2023, reflecting a 12% year-over-year increase, underscoring the sector's growth potential in destinations such as Velingrad. This industry positions Velingrad as a key contributor to Bulgaria's wellness tourism, projected to comprise up to 10% of total tourism revenues.

Industrial and agricultural contributions

Velingrad's industrial base features timber processing as a key sector, with multiple sawmills and operations producing sawn timber, furniture components, and related products for domestic and export markets. Local firms, such as those specializing in beech wood harvesting and processing, support industries amid the region's forested terrain. Chemical manufacturing also contributes notably through Crystal-Chemicals j.s.c., established as Bulgaria's sole specialized facility of its type, focusing on inorganic and organic chemical products for industrial applications. These sectors, alongside small-scale and inherited from Province's historical development, provided economic stability during the post-1944 industrialization period when industry, , and formed interconnected pillars. Agriculture in Velingrad emphasizes small-scale livestock breeding, particularly , which sustains rural livelihoods and supplies regional markets despite vulnerabilities like the 2024 sheep plague outbreaks affecting multiple farms. activities, including and harvesting non-timber products such as wild fruits and mushrooms, remain integral to village economies, leveraging the municipality's mountainous ecosystems for sustainable yields. Traditional mountain practices prioritize bio-products and over intensive cropping, with limited directing efforts toward and forest-dependent enterprises rather than large-scale grain or vegetable production.

Infrastructure

Transportation networks

Velingrad's transportation networks primarily consist of rail and links, with bus services facilitating regional connectivity. The town lacks a local and relies on Sofia International Airport (SOF) for , located approximately 150 kilometers northwest, accessible via transfers taking 2 to 3 hours. The Septemvri–Dobrinishte narrow-gauge railway, with a track width of 760 millimeters, serves as a key link, connecting Velingrad to Septemvri in the north and extending southward to Yakoruda, Razlog, , and Dobrinishte. The initial Septemvri–Velingrad section, measuring 39 kilometers, opened on August 1, 1926, while a 3-kilometer extension through the Chepinska valley to the Velingrad station (formerly Chepino, now Velingrad-South) was completed in 1927. This line, originally built for freight like timber and passenger transport, now operates with modernized diesel locomotives of series 77, refurbished in 2022, supporting both local commuters and panoramic tourist excursions. Road access is provided through Bulgaria's secondary road network, including connections to and via routes like II-84, which traverses . No direct motorways serve Velingrad, emphasizing reliance on class II roads for vehicular traffic. Bus services, operated by companies such as BG Razpisanie, link Velingrad's central station to , with typical journeys lasting about 2 hours and fares ranging from 3 to 6 euros. These routes often pass through , enhancing integration with broader national bus networks.

Public services and utilities

Velingrad's system serves the municipality's population and demands, drawing from local sources including abundant springs, with a network upgrade completed following a 2.6 million project initiated in to rehabilitate pipelines and improve reliability. However, the system has faced intermittent shortages, including a five-day disruption in November 2024 attributed to issues. infrastructure lacks dedicated treatment plants across populated areas, leading to direct discharges of industrial and household into surface waters, though a municipal program for 2021-2028 outlines strategies for improved collection and processing. Electricity distribution in Velingrad falls under 's national grid, operated by regional providers such as EVN Bulgaria in the southern zone, ensuring standard household and commercial access without unique local deviations reported. Geothermal resources support supplementary heating and hot water in select public facilities, including a equipped with heat pumps funded by EEA grants in 2022, leveraging the area's thermal springs for efficient, low-emission utility services. Public healthcare is anchored by the Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment Velingrad, operational since its construction and opening on November 26, 1955, providing inpatient care across specialties with a focus on rehabilitation tied to the town's balneological profile. Emergency services integrate with 's national 112 system for , fire, and police response, supplemented by local centers for urgent medical aid.

Government and politics

Local governance structure

Velingrad Municipality is administered by an elected who holds executive authority, including policy implementation, budget execution, and appointment of deputy mayors and the municipal secretary. The is chosen through direct popular vote in local elections held every four years, with the most recent occurring on October 29, 2023. Kostadin Koev currently serves as , supported by multiple deputy mayors overseeing sectors such as investments, social activities, and . The municipal council, consisting of 29 members elected proportionally on the same as the , exercises legislative functions, including approving budgets, development plans, and ordinances. This body represents diverse political groups and coalitions, ensuring representation across the municipality's population. The executive administration operates through specialized departments, including those for administrative-information services and , municipal property and , investments and territorial control, humanitarian and social activities, and tourism promotion. The municipality comprises the central town of Velingrad and 15 subordinate mayoralties (kmetstva) in surrounding villages, each governed by an elected local responsible for community-level administration.

Political history and recent elections

Velingrad was established as a town in 1948 through the administrative merger of the villages of Chepino, Kamenitsa, and Ladzhene under the communist regime of the , with its name honoring Vela Peeva, a partisan fighter killed in 1944 during the communist-led resistance against Axis occupation. This renaming and consolidation exemplified the post-World War II political restructuring imposed by the , which governed the area as part of a centralized socialist system until the regime's collapse in 1989. Following Bulgaria's after the overthrow of Todor Zhivkov's government, Velingrad's local politics aligned with national multiparty elections, with the first democratic municipal polls held in the early 1990s. In the post-communist era, the (DPS), representing ethnic minorities including Turks and prominent in the Rhodope region, gained influence; Fidel Beev of DPS served as mayor from 1999 to 2003 but was removed by the Supreme Administrative Court in 2005 amid legal challenges, prompting partial mayoral elections that February. Since the mid-2000s, Kostadin Koev of the center-right Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria () has dominated local leadership, reflecting 's broader success in provincial governance. Koev, a physician by training, was elected in subsequent cycles and re-elected on , 2023, for a third term in uncontested first-round victory, amid a municipal council composition of six national parties and two local coalitions, indicating fragmented opposition. This outcome underscores 's sustained appeal in Velingrad, tied to priorities like tourism infrastructure and , against a backdrop of national political volatility including multiple parliamentary elections since 2021.

Culture and society

Education system

The education in Velingrad adheres to Bulgaria's national structure, where pre-primary education is compulsory for children aged 5–6 years, and basic and is mandatory and free from ages 7 to 16, encompassing grades 1–12. Public funding dominates, with schools operated by the or state, emphasizing general academic preparation alongside vocational training tailored to local sectors like , , and . Enrollment data from 2020/2021 indicate approximately 3,614 students in general across 12 institutions, reflecting a small-town serving the 's of around 35,000. Pre-school facilities comprise 8 kindergartens, such as "Fantazia" and "Edelvais," distributed across Velingrad town and villages like Draginovo and Sveta Petka, with a capacity of 1,132 places and an enrollment of 1,106 children organized into 48 groups averaging 20–23 children per group. These institutions provide , including nursery care for younger children and preparatory programs, supported by 84 teachers, though challenges include content overload and limited technological resources. General education is delivered through 6 primary schools (grades 1–4), 2 combined schools covering grades 1–10, and 4 secondary schools (grades 8–12), with classes averaging 21 students and a focus on core subjects like , mathematics, and sciences. Notable institutions include Primary School (grades 1–8) and Secondary School (grades 1–12), both municipally financed with morning shifts. A specialized school, Dragan Manchov, serves students with on a two-shift basis. Vocational secondary education emphasizes practical skills aligned with Velingrad's economy, offered at three professional high schools: Vocational High School of Economics and Tourism (406 students, grades 8–12, state-financed with two shifts), Professional High School of Forestry (207 students), and Vocational High School of Woodworking (132 students, specializing in furniture manufacturing and related trades). These programs prepare graduates for local employment in balneology, , and , with the tourism-focused school marking its 50th in 2025. No tertiary institutions operate within the municipality, with higher education pursuits typically directed to regional universities.

Architectural heritage

Velingrad's architectural heritage features religious and public buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries, reflecting the town's evolution from rural settlements to a spa center. The Church of the Holy Trinity, constructed in 1834, exemplifies early Orthodox architecture with unique frescoes that highlight local craftsmanship during the Bulgarian National Revival period. Similarly, the Church of the Holy Assumption of the Mother of God, built in 1912 and designed by Czech architect Josef Schnitter, incorporates neoclassical elements adapted to Bulgarian contexts, serving as a key landmark in the central area. Public structures designated as cultural monuments underscore the town's administrative and health infrastructure development. The Old represents early 20th-century postal , preserved as a testament to communication advancements in the region. The First Hospital building, originally established to support the burgeoning industry, now functions as the "Radost" Kindergarten while retaining its historical facade. Guturanov's , a preserved residential example, embodies traditional construction techniques from the Revival era. Historical residential buildings in Velingrad often display features of Bulgarian Revival architecture, such as wooden verandas and stone foundations, though many were adapted for spa-related uses post-1948 unification. These structures, concentrated in former village cores like Chepino, prioritize functionality amid mountainous terrain over ornate decoration.

Cultural institutions and events

The Historical Museum of Velingrad serves as the town's principal cultural institution, housing four permanent exhibitions that highlight local heritage and notable figures. These include the Vela Peeva memorial exhibition dedicated to the Bulgarian actress born in the region, the Nikolai Gyaurov memorial for the renowned opera bass associated with Velingrad, an ethnographic display titled "Mountain – a Hospitable Home" showcasing regional traditions, and archaeological artifacts from Thracian and medieval periods. The museum frequently hosts traveling exhibitions from Bulgarian and international sources, with affordable entry fees supporting public access to cultural education. Velingrad's House of Culture functions as a community venue for performances, lectures, and gatherings, preserving twentieth-century traditions such as regional holidays and that define the Rhodope area's identity. Annual events at these institutions include the Velingrad Days of , which feature concerts, theater productions, and exhibitions celebrating local artists and historical milestones, with the 52nd edition planned for 2025 spanning July to August. The museum also commemorates anniversaries of Vela Peeva and Nikolai Gyaurov through dedicated programs. Beyond institutional activities, Velingrad hosts seasonal festivals emphasizing natural and folk elements, such as the Festival highlighting the town's heritage and the Folk Festival "On the Rila Meadow" promoting traditional Bulgarian music and . Carnivals and the Rose Festival further integrate community participation, drawing on Rhodope to foster cultural continuity. These events, often supported by the municipality's cultural , underscore Velingrad's role in maintaining Bulgaria's intangible heritage amid its tourism focus.

Tourism and attractions

Balneological facilities and spas

Velingrad possesses over 80 low-mineralized springs with temperatures ranging from 42°C to 81°C, supporting extensive applications for conditions including musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory issues, and cardiovascular ailments. These waters, characterized by their hypotonic composition and varying chemical profiles such as and content, form the basis of treatments in the town's specialized facilities. Prominent balneological complexes include Balneo Complex & Spa Aquatonik, spanning 4.5 decars near Kleptuza Lake and offering integrated rehabilitation, , and wellness programs utilizing local spring waters. Balneo Hotel Saint Spas, with 96 double rooms and additional suites, provides access to the adjacent Radonova Banya spring and proximity to the Kleptuza , the largest on the at a constant 8.1–11°C, which supplies drinking water and supports complementary cold-water therapies. Spa Club Bor employs from the Radonova Banya spring at 42–43°C in its indoor and outdoor pools for and associated treatments. Spa Hotel Kleptuza, positioned directly by Kleptuza Lake, features indoor and outdoor pools alongside modern accommodations for balneological and relaxation services. These facilities trace their roots to ancient Thracian utilization of the springs, evolving into Bulgaria's premier balneotherapeutic hub by the mid-20th century with the establishment of Velingrad in 1948. The oldest documented bathhouses in the region, dating to early 20th-century developments, underscore the enduring infrastructure for mineral water-based healing.

Historical and natural landmarks

Velingrad's historical landmarks reflect its role in Bulgarian Revival and Ottoman-era architecture. The Holy Trinity Church, the oldest operating Orthodox church in the Chepino region, was built in 1816 on the foundations of an earlier stone church and served as a center for national liberation efforts. Velyova Banya, a cultural monument in the Ladzhene quarter, originates from the 17th century, with legends attributing its consecration to 1640 by a monastery abbot for a local ban; it features preserved bath structures tied to early mineral water use. The Tsepina Fortress, situated approximately 20 kilometers northwest near Dorkovo, is a medieval Bulgarian stronghold constructed between the 11th and 13th centuries on a 1,136-meter rocky hill, serving as a key defensive site in the Rhodopes during the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Velingrad History Museum, established in 1952 adjacent to the Holy Trinity Church, displays artifacts from Thracian times through the modern era, including local ethnographic and archaeological finds. Natural landmarks in Velingrad emphasize its and mountainous terrain within the western Rhodopes. The Kleptuza Reserve features Bulgaria's largest , discharging 270 to 1,020 liters per second of clear water at a constant 8.1°C, feeding a scenic lake and area protected since 1966 for its hydrological significance and . Nearby, the Lepenitsa Cave offers explorable underground formations, while rock phenomena like Slaveevi Rocks and peaks such as Syutka provide hiking opportunities amid dense pine forests and diverse flora. These sites, integrated with the Chepino Valley's riverine and forested landscapes, underscore Velingrad's appeal as a natural preserve adjacent to over 80 mineral springs.

Outdoor activities and eco-tourism

Velingrad's position in the Western facilitates a range of outdoor pursuits, including along eco-trails that traverse forests, streams, and peaks, promoting immersion in the region's . Local routes, such as those offering panoramic views of the , Pirin, and Rhodope ranges—dubbed the "Olympus of Velingrad" by visitors—cater to varying skill levels and highlight medieval historical sites amid natural settings. Platforms like document at least four scenic trails in the vicinity, with user ratings averaging 4.3 out of 5 for their accessibility and vistas. Eco-tourism emphasizes sustainable exploration, with guided walks and three documented easy, picturesque routes suitable for summer escapes from lowland heat, featuring green landscapes and minimal elevation gain. Horseback riding tours, led by experienced guides and equipped for beginners to advanced riders, navigate mountain paths, enhancing appreciation of the Rhodopes' tranquility. Off-road options like ATV tours and nature-wildlife excursions further diversify activities, drawing on the area's rugged terrain for adrenaline-focused yet environmentally conscious experiences. In winter, and prevail, leveraging the mountainous elevation for slopes amid thermal spring contrasts, with facilities supporting seasonal transitions to snow-based recreation. These pursuits underscore Velingrad's appeal as a year-round hub for eco-tourism, where over 250 annual sunny days complement forested escapes without overdevelopment straining local ecosystems.

Sports and recreation

Local sports clubs and achievements

Football Club Chepinets, established in 1926 in the Chepino district of Velingrad, represents the town's primary association football outfit and competes in regional leagues under the A RFG Pazardzhik. The club's most notable achievement came during the 1977–78 Bulgarian Cup, where it advanced to the semi-finals after eliminating top-division opponents Sliven and others, marking its deepest run in the national competition. In December 2009, Chepinets secured a landmark 1–0 upset victory over Parva Liga powerhouse Levski Sofia in a Southwest V Group match, cementing its place in Bulgarian football lore despite operating at a lower tier. Velingrad Volley operates as the local volleyball club, fielding teams in Bulgarian national competitions, including junior squads, with facilities supporting indoor play alongside and wrestling in the municipal sports hall. While specific senior-level accolades remain limited, the club contributes to grassroots development in a region geared toward multi-sport training camps. Pluvacki Klub (PK) Chepinets focuses on and has garnered regional success, including six medals at the 2018 "Mlados t" across youth categories and multiple golds, silvers, and bronzes in local championships, often ranking third overall among participating clubs. These efforts align with Velingrad's for aquatic and combat sports, though broader national prominence eludes local teams beyond occasional cup exploits.

Recreational facilities

Velingrad provides a range of recreational facilities centered on public pools, sports halls, and green spaces, catering to leisure activities amid its mountainous setting. The Mineral Beach stands out as a prominent site, featuring one of Bulgaria's largest mineral pools: a 50-meter-long cold-water pool and a 33-meter-long hot-water pool designed for and relaxation. Additional public pools are accessible at sites including Anton Mitrov, Terma, , Kaferinova, and a central area equipped for broader aquatic recreation. Sports halls in Velingrad and the nearby village of Kostandovo support casual indoor activities, while facilities like the pool club at Royal Spa Hotel offer billiards on professional tables for social leisure. Fitness centers, often integrated into resort complexes such as Balneo Complex & Spa Aquatonik, provide gym equipment alongside amenities like courts for non-competitive use. Parks and gardens enhance , with Kleptuza Park offering walking paths around its lake for leisurely strolls and picnics in a natural setting. These areas, supported by the town's emphasis on , draw visitors seeking low-key enjoyment rather than high-adrenaline pursuits.

Notable people

(1929–2004), a Bulgarian singer, was born on September 13, 1929, in Velingrad and became one of the 20th century's leading interpreters of roles in operas by Verdi and Mussorgsky, performing at major venues including and the . Atanas Semerdzhiev (1924–2015), a Bulgarian general and born in the village of Ladzhene (now a neighborhood of Velingrad), served as of the from 1962 to 1990 and as Vice President of from 1990 to 1992 under President . Vasil Bozhkov (born 1956), a Bulgarian businessman and born in Velingrad, amassed a fortune in , gaming, and media before entering and relocating to the amid legal disputes in . Vela Peeva (1922–1944), a Bulgarian partisan born in the village of Kamenitsa (now part of Velingrad), participated in antifascist and was killed in combat at age 22, later commemorated as a national heroine with a museum in her birthplace. Vlado Chernozemski (1897–1934), born Velichko Dimitrov Kerin in the village of Kamenitsa (now part of Velingrad), was a Bulgarian revolutionary who assassinated King and French Foreign Minister in on October 9, 1934, as part of an operation.

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