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KOST (103.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Los Angeles, California, United States. Owned by iHeartMedia, it broadcasts an adult contemporary radio format, switching to Christmas music in early November and ending a few days after Christmas Day (or after Christmas Day, if the holiday either falls on a Sunday or on a Monday). Its studios are co-located with its sister stations on West Olive Avenue in Burbank. KOST is the home of Ellen K, segments of whose morning show are syndicated to other iHeart AC stations on Saturday mornings.

Key Information

The transmitter is atop Mount Wilson alongside most L.A. based television and FM radio stations. Those FM stations, along with KOST, are considered "superpower" grandfathered stations, since their effective radiated power (ERP) greatly exceeds the level set by the Federal Communications Commission for Class B FM stations at their height on Mount Wilson. KOST broadcasts using HD Radio technology.[2] The HD2 digital subchannel rebroadcasts co-owned talk radio station KFI.

History

[edit]
KOST 103.5 logo used until 2013.

Early years

[edit]

On August 8, 1957, the station first signed on as KGLA.[3]

Noted radio programmer Gordon McLendon bought KGLA in 1966, changing the call letters to KADS that November.[4] McLendon, with permission from the Federal Communications Commission, experimented with an all-advertisement format, hence the call sign choice. One of its features was that listeners could purchase their own commercials on KADS, not unlike classified advertising in a newspaper.[4] FM radios were still not widely owned in the 1960s and the experimental format was not successful.[5]

Beautiful music

[edit]

In October 1967, the station adopted the KOST-FM call sign, along with a substantially all-music format (i.e., no news bulletins), which was unusual, if not unique, given then-prevailing license obligations to broadcast at least some news.[5] The station aired a mostly-instrumental beautiful music format paired with XETRA in Tijuana, to which McLendon had sales management rights. In 1975, Cox Communications purchased KOST to pair with its newly-bought KFI (640 AM). KOST, with its call sign pronounced "coast" in a stage whisper, continued its easy listening format through the 1970s. This popular format was also heard on rivals KJOI (98.7 FM) and KBIG (104.3).

In the early 1980s, KOST gradually added more vocals, and on November 15, 1982, the station switched to an adult contemporary format, signing on with "You Can Do Magic" by America as its first song.[6] Former Sacramento radio personality Bryan Simmons was KOST's first host when the station signed on with its new format.

From 1985 until 2012, KOST has been using jingles from JAM Creative Productions, in which they have made 17 jingle packages for 27 years.[7]

On February 3, 1986, Mark Wallengren and Kim Amidon made their debut as KOST's new morning hosts.[8] The Mark & Kim Morning Show was one of the longest-running shows on Los Angeles radio, airing for more than 20 years until ending in 2007.

AMFM/Clear Channel/iHeartMedia era

[edit]

In September 1999, Cox Communications swapped KOST and sister station KFI with AMFM, Inc. for 14 stations in several East Coast markets.[9] AMFM was then purchased by Clear Channel Communications in 2000. (In 2014, the company's name was changed to iHeartMedia, Inc.) Over the years, particularly in the late 2000s and into the 2010s, the station would shift to a more upbeat mainstream AC format. Despite the changes, KOST has continued to garner solid ratings. Christmas music has been aired from early November through Christmas Day since 2001.

KOST experienced little air staff turnover until the 2000s. On November 29, 2007, morning show co-host Kim Amidon departed the station.[10] This was followed by KOST's original midday host Mike Sakellarides (who moved on to KTWV) and longtime traffic reporter Mike Nolan (who was eventually rehired at KOST). In October 2008, former KYXY San Diego radio personality Kristin Cruz joined Mark Wallengren as co-host of KOST's morning show. Cruz left the station in May 2014.[11] In 2009, the midday shift was voice-tracked by former WLTW New York City personality Karen Carson.

In February 2011, Carson resigned to join CBS Radio-owned WWFS in New York. Both Christine Martindale (2 days per week) and Ted Ziegenbusch (3 days per week) filled in on the midday show until August 2011, when former KBIG midday host Kari Steele took over.[12] Steele now hosts KOST's public affairs program The Sunday Journal broadcasting every Sunday following Animal Radio, providing interviews with community organizations. Also in August, longtime KOST afternoon personality Bryan Simmons left KOST. Simmons had been on the station since 1982,[12] except between 2002 and 2004, when he hosted the Boogie Nights show at KBIG. Ted Ziegenbusch filled in for several months after Simmons departed.

In December 2012, Christine Martindale was among the radio personalities laid off from Clear Channel stations. On January 17, 2013, it was announced that Martindale would join KKGO (105.1);[13] her first day at Go Country 105 was February 4.

Ellen K, a former co-host on the KIIS-FM morning show and On Air with Ryan Seacrest, took over the KOST morning show on October 19, 2015. Mark Wallengren, who had been part of the KOST morning show since 1986, moved to afternoons, replacing Bruce Scott, who had been with station since 2012.[14]

Longtime DJs Mark Wallengren and Ted Ziegenbusch departed the station on January 16, 2020, as a result of mass layoffs nationwide by parent company iHeartMedia; the two had been at KOST since the 1980s, Ziegenbusch being the last remaining original staff member hired in 1982.[15]

In conjunction with an announcement wherein iHeartRadio would add two streaming channels dedicated to his on-going radio program, Rick Dees would make a guest deejaying spot on the station on March 21, 2025, marking a brief reunion between him and his former co-host Ellen K (the duo had previously worked at sister station KIIS-FM during their hosting shifts) during her morning show.[16]

On October 10, 2025, longtime evening host Karen Sharp departed the station after hosting “Love Songs On The Coast” for 38 years;[17] she was the last remaining KOST DJ from the 1980s.

HD programming

[edit]

KOST broadcasts three digital subchannels:

  • KOST-HD1 is a digital version of KOST's analog signal.
  • KOST-HD2 is an HD simulcast of the talk radio format heard on co-owned KFI (640 AM).

From November 2013 until February 2015, KOST's HD3 signal relayed the syndicated Christian contemporary hit radio station Air1.[citation needed] In early February, the station's HD3 signal went dark and the Air1 feed moved to a subchannel on co-owned KHHT (92.3 FM). The HD3 signal returned in November 2018, however, it is no longer operating.[18]

Translators and booster

[edit]

KOST is rebroadcast on the following translator and repeater stations:

Broadcast translators for KOST
Call sign Frequency City of license FID ERP (W) HAAT Class FCC info Notes
K234CR 94.7 FM China Lake, California 28582 9 390 m (1,280 ft) D LMS Provides service to nearby Ridgecrest
KOST-FM1 103.5 FM Santa Clarita, California 198146 500 612 m (2,008 ft) D LMS Booster
K280DT 103.9 FM Thousand Oaks, California 14241 5 215 m (705 ft) D LMS Provides service to Thousand Oaks

Awards

[edit]

In 2007, the station was nominated for an "Adult Contemporary Station of The Year" award for the top 25 radio markets by Radio & Records magazine.[19]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

KOST

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
KOST (103.5 FM), branded as "KOST 103.5," is a commercial radio station licensed to , , , that broadcasts an adult contemporary format targeting listeners aged 25–54 with a mix of current hits, classic songs from the and 1990s, and seasonal programming, particularly extensive from November to December. Owned by , it operates as "LA's Feel Good Station" and, as of April 2025, continues to lead Los Angeles radio ratings as the top music station with a 6.3 share. Known for its subchannels including KOST-HD2 simulcasting talk content from sister station and KOST-HD3 offering additional soft adult contemporary material as "103.5 The Breeze," the station features the popular Ellen K Morning Show, hosted by (Kari Steele) weekdays from 5 a.m. to 10 a.m. PT and Saturdays from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. PT, emphasizing engaging personalities and community-focused content. The station's history dates back to October 9, 1956, when it first signed on as KGLA with an unremarkable approach before being acquired by pioneering radio programmer , who relaunched it as KADS in November 1966 with an innovative all-advertising format. In March 1968, it adopted the KOST call letters and shifted to a format dominated by instrumental tracks, which helped it gain popularity in the market. A pivotal change occurred on November 15, 1982, when KOST transitioned to a soft adult contemporary sound, incorporating more vocals and contemporary hits while retaining its mellow vibe, a move that propelled it to consistent ratings dominance in for decades. Ownership evolved over the years, with acquiring the station in 1973 and maintaining the format until a 1999 swap led to its purchase by AMFM, which merged into Clear Channel Communications (now ) in 2000. Notable on-air talents have included longtime morning duo Mark Wallengren and Kim Amidon from 1986 to 2007, and program director Bryan Simmons, who shaped the station's sound from 1982 to 2001 and again from 2004 to 2011. KOST has earned acclaim for its programming, including multiple major radio awards over its history, and remains a cultural staple in for holiday broadcasts and feel-good entertainment.

Station Overview

Licensing and Ownership

KOST, with FCC facility ID 34424, originally signed on the air as KGLA on October 9, 1956, under the licensee Automatic Radio Company. The station underwent call sign changes to KADS in November 1966 and then to KOST in March 1968. In 1973, Cox Broadcasting acquired KOST to complement its recent purchase of sister station KFI-AM in Los Angeles. The station remained under Cox ownership until September 1999, when Cox swapped KOST and KFI-AM to AMFM Inc. as part of a larger transaction involving multiple stations valued at $4.7 billion. In 2000, AMFM merged into Clear Channel Communications, bringing KOST under its portfolio. Clear Channel rebranded to in 2014, and following the company's Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in 2018, emerged from restructuring in 2020 with KOST continuing under its ownership as licensee IHM Licenses, LLC. As of November 2025, KOST holds a commercial FM broadcast license issued by the FCC, with an expiration date of April 1, 2028.

Format and Signal Characteristics

KOST operates as an adult contemporary radio station, featuring a mix of , pop, and contemporary hits aimed at adults aged 25 to 54. This format emphasizes feel-good music from established and emerging artists, such as and alongside classics from and . The station transmits on the frequency of 103.5 MHz in the FM band, licensed as a Class B facility with an (ERP) of 11,500 watts and a (HAAT) of 949 meters (3,114 feet). Its transmitter is located on Mount Wilson in the , enabling broad coverage across the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, including Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, and portions of San Diego counties. A key characteristic of KOST's programming is its annual switch to all-Christmas music, beginning in early and continuing through , which has been a tradition since 2000. This seasonal format, initiated in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks to provide comfort and holiday cheer, positions KOST as one of the earliest U.S. stations to adopt an extended all-holiday broadcast each year.

History

Origins and Early Formats (1947–1967)

The construction permit for the 103.5 MHz frequency in , which would eventually become KOST, was granted amid post-World War II challenges in , including the Federal Communications Commission's 1945 reallocation of the FM band from 42–50 MHz to 88–108 MHz; this shift necessitated new equipment development and caused widespread delays in station sign-ons across the country, with many permits issued in the late not activating until the mid-1950s. KGLA-FM finally signed on October 9, 1956, operating from studios in Hollywood and adopting a middle-of-the-road (MOR) format that featured a mix of popular vocalists, orchestras, and light adult-oriented music, typical of early FM stations aiming to attract upscale listeners. In 1966, noted radio innovator acquired KGLA-FM for $400,000 from its prior owners and, with FCC approval, relaunched it as KADS in November, experimenting with a groundbreaking all-advertisement format that emphasized classified ads and commercials in a roughly 4:1 ratio to music content, designed to maximize revenue through uninterrupted promotional spots but met with strong listener resistance due to its commercial saturation, resulting in dismal ratings and the format's quick abandonment within a year. The station's operations during this era remained based in Hollywood studios, though broader industry shifts in the 1960s began influencing broadcasters toward more centralized facilities in areas like Burbank.

Beautiful Music Era (1967–1982)

In October 1967, the station that would become KOST-FM shifted toward a music-focused approach, adopting the KOST call sign in March 1968 and launching a format emphasizing instrumentals with occasional light vocals. This change, programmed initially by Norm Epstein, aligned with FCC requirements for FM stations to differentiate from AM simulcasts and targeted an adult audience seeking relaxing, non-intrusive programming without frequent news interruptions. The format featured orchestral arrangements and standards, establishing KOST as a serene alternative in ' crowded radio landscape. By 1973, Cox Broadcasting acquired KOST-FM, pairing it with sister station KFI-AM and investing in operational enhancements to bolster its market position. Under program director Jhani Kaye, who joined in 1975, the station underwent facility upgrades and ramped up promotional efforts, including targeted advertising to solidify its niche. These moves contributed to steady audience growth, positioning KOST as one of the leading outlets in during the 1970s, though it ranked third behind competitors and KJOI in Arbitron ratings among the format's powerhouses. Throughout the decade, KOST maintained strong listenership as a top easy listening station, appealing to demographics over 35 with its blend of instrumentals and minimal commercial interruptions. Facing intensifying competition from similar outlets, the station began gradually incorporating more vocal tracks and contemporary soft artists in the late 1970s to attract younger listeners, subtly evolving the playlist while preserving the format's core relaxing essence. This strategic adjustment, guided by Kaye, enhanced its relevance amid shifting listener preferences without fully abandoning the instrumental foundation.

Transition to Adult Contemporary and Corporate Ownership (1982–Present)

In 1982, KOST underwent a significant format shift from to contemporary, debuting the new direction on under program director Jhani Kaye with Bryan Simmons as the inaugural on-air host, focusing on current hits and tracks. This marked a departure from the station's instrumental-heavy programming of the prior era and aimed to attract a broader audience in the competitive market. The change proved immediately successful, propelling KOST's ratings from a modest 2% share to a rapid climb, culminating in the station achieving the number one ranking overall by 1989—the first contemporary outlet to top the local Arbitron ratings. Ownership of KOST transitioned to larger corporate entities starting in 1999, when sold the station and its sister AM outlet to AMFM Inc. for integration into a expanding radio portfolio. The following year, AMFM merged with Clear Channel Communications in a $23 billion deal, forming one of the largest broadcasters in the U.S. and subjecting KOST to consolidated operations under this umbrella. Clear Channel rebranded as in 2014 to reflect its growing digital and multimedia focus, though the station maintained its core adult contemporary identity. These corporate shifts were not without challenges; a 2008 saddled the company with over $20 billion in amid the , leading to annual losses and operational strains that persisted into the 2010s. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in March 2018 to restructure its , emerging in 2019 with reduced but ongoing pressures that influenced programming and decisions across its network, including KOST. The impacts of these financial dynamics became evident in workforce changes, such as the January 2020 layoffs that ended Mark Wallengren's 35-year tenure as afternoon host, part of a nationwide reduction affecting hundreds of positions. More recent events in 2025 highlighted both continuity and transition: on March 21, former KOST personality made a guest appearance on the Ellen K Morning Show to reunite with co-host Ellen K, promoting his syndicated countdown program. Later that year, on October 10, veteran host Karen Sharp retired after 38 years, concluding her run with the "Love Songs on the Coast" segment amid 's broader cost-saving measures. During the in 2020–2021, KOST adapted by shifting to remote for on-air talent and airing support content, including informational segments on guidelines, parenting amid lockdowns, and partnerships with organizations like to assist families in need.

Programming

Analog Broadcast Content

KOST 103.5 FM maintains a 24/7 music rotation on its , emphasizing an contemporary format that features approximately 80% currents and recurrents drawn from pop and AC artists spanning the 1980s to the present, including examples such as and . The playlist deliberately excludes genres like rap and , prioritizing feel-good, melodic tracks to align with the station's branding as LA's Feel Good Station. This rotation is supported by iHeartMedia's automated playlist tools, which ensure consistent programming while allowing for local inserts such as updates delivered by on-air talent. The station employs to tailor content across the broadcast day on the primary FM signal. Mornings from 5:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. feature the , blending talk segments with to engage listeners during commute hours. Afternoons from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., hosted by Kari Steele, incorporate segments alongside the core mix, focusing on topics relevant to daily living and entertainment. Evenings from 7:00 p.m. to midnight feature "Love Songs with ," a syndicated program highlighting sentimental ballads and listener-submitted dedications, which debuted on November 17, 2025. Overnight hours and weekends rely primarily on the automated rotation, with occasional weekend shows like the Ellen K Weekend Show maintaining a lighter talk- balance. Special programming enhances the analog broadcast schedule seasonally and thematically. The station transitions to a full-time Christmas format annually, beginning in early November—such as November 14, 2025, at 8:00 a.m.—and running through December 25, featuring 100% holiday music to celebrate its tradition as the Official Holiday Music Station. Occasional specials, including "Flashback Fridays" dedicated to 1980s hits, provide nostalgic breaks within the regular rotation, often tied to weekend promotions highlighting era-specific music. These elements extend briefly to HD Radio subchannels but originate from the main analog signal's core content.

HD Radio Subchannels

KOST began broadcasting in HD Radio using In-Band On-Channel (IBOC) technology in 2006, as part of Clear Channel Communications' (now iHeartMedia) widespread initiative to deploy digital multicasting across its stations to enhance audio quality and enable subchannels. The primary HD1 subchannel has simulcasted the station's analog adult contemporary format since the digital launch, providing CD-quality audio without altering the main programming. KOST's HD2 subchannel initially featured an all-comedy format from 2006 to 2010, drawn from Clear Channel's experimental "Format Lab" programming that tested niche content on digital sidebands. In 2010, HD2 shifted to a of co-owned news/talk station (640 AM), a configuration that has remained in place to extend AM talk programming to FM listeners via digital receivers. The HD3 subchannel has operated intermittently since the mid-2010s. From 2013 to 2015, it carried Pride Radio, iHeartMedia's LGBTQ+-targeted electronic and network, as part of a broader rollout on select digital subchannels. This was followed by a hits format from 2015 to 2018, focusing on contemporary club and electronic tracks. Following that, HD3 carried iHeartMedia's "The Breeze" soft adult contemporary network starting in November 2018. As of 2025, HD3 appears silent, with no active programming listed.

Technical Information

Transmitter Site and Coverage

KOST's transmitter is situated on Mount Wilson in , at coordinates 34°13′35″N 118°04′01″W. This location is a shared tower facility hosting antennas for multiple Los Angeles-area FM radio and television stations, enabling efficient infrastructure utilization in the . The station employs a non-directional antenna system with circular polarization, achieving a height above average terrain (HAAT) of 949 meters and an effective radiated power (ERP) of 11,500 watts. This configuration, utilizing an Electronics Research Inc. (ERI) MPX-4E model, supports broad signal propagation optimized for mobile reception. The 60 dBu service contour spans over 5,000 square miles across , primarily covering the metropolitan region and extending into adjacent counties. This reach serves a potential listening audience of approximately 18 million residents within the Los Angeles Designated Market Area (DMA). As a Class B facility, KOST operates under FCC protections that account for potential interference from distant co-channel stations, such as those in smaller markets, though its elevated site minimizes practical overlap issues. To ensure operational continuity, the station maintains backup power systems, including generators at the Mount Wilson site, which are tested regularly during potential outage scenarios like wildfires or power failures. These redundancies have been critical during past disruptions affecting the shared transmitter .

Translators and Boosters

KOST utilizes FM boosters and translators to extend and strengthen its primary signal in regions affected by terrain obstructions or beyond the main coverage contour, ensuring consistent delivery of its adult contemporary programming. The KOST-FM1 booster, operating on 103.5 MHz with an () of 500 watts from Oat Mountain, serves the and has been active since the 1990s specifically to counteract signal shadowing caused by surrounding mountains. K234CR, a translator on 94.7 MHz with an of 9 watts licensed to and covering China Lake and Kern County, was licensed in 2017 to rebroadcast KOST's main signal to this remote desert area. Similarly, K280DT operates as a translator on 103.9 MHz with a 5-watt , licensed in 2015 to reach Thousand Oaks and Ventura County, enhancing service in these western suburbs. All three auxiliary facilities strictly KOST's primary analog channel without deviation, in compliance with FCC regulations for FM boosters and translators, which limit translator power to a maximum of 250 watts while requiring boosters to remain within the parent station's protected contour.

On-Air Staff

Current Personalities

serves as the morning host on KOST 103.5 since September 2015, leading "Ellen K Mornings," a program that blends contemporary music selections, celebrity interviews, and segments highlighting lifestyle topics. Kari Steele has been the midday host since approximately 2014, airing from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. weekdays and contributing to the station's feel-good atmosphere with music sweeps and listener engagement. Sandy Stec serves as the afternoon drive host, airing from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. weekdays and Saturdays, incorporating entertainment updates and humorous segments to assist commuters. Paul Kelley acts as the evening host since October 2025, syndicated from Arizona and airing from 7 p.m. to midnight weekdays, focusing on soft adult contemporary tracks and dedications.

Notable Former Hosts

Mark Wallengren and Kim Amidon co-hosted the morning show on KOST from 1986 to 2007, pioneering one of the longest-running male-female duos in Los Angeles radio during the station's adult contemporary era. Their program emphasized light-hearted banter and listener interaction, contributing to KOST's strong ratings in the mornings. Amidon departed in late 2007 when her contract was not renewed amid format adjustments at the station. Wallengren continued hosting mornings solo and later shifted to afternoons until he was laid off in January 2020 as part of iHeartMedia's cost-cutting measures, ending his 35-year tenure at the station. Karen Sharp served as KOST's nighttime host from 1987 until her retirement on October 10, 2025, spanning 38 years and becoming a staple for late-night dedications and romantic programming. She hosted "Love Songs on the KOST," a show focused on listener-requested love songs and personal stories, which aired weeknights and built a loyal audience through her warm, empathetic delivery. Sharp's longevity made her one of the longest-serving personalities in radio, and her exit was marked by tributes from colleagues and fans alike. Ted Ziegenbusch hosted evenings and the "Love Songs" program on KOST from 1982 until his retirement in January 2020, spanning nearly 38 years and serving as a key voice in the station's and adult contemporary eras. , a veteran known for his syndicated top 40 show, made occasional guest appearances on KOST, including a notable reunion segment with former co-host on March 21, 2025, to promote new streaming channels. While Dees was never a full-time host at the station, his visits added nostalgic appeal, drawing on his earlier Los Angeles radio prominence. Jhani Kaye served as KOST's program director in the , overseeing the station's shift to contemporary and launching key talents like the Mark & Kim show. His programming vision helped establish KOST's format during a pivotal era of growth.

Recognition

Awards

KOST has been honored with several notable industry awards recognizing its contributions to contemporary . In , the station won the Marconi Award for Station of the Year in the category from the (NAB), highlighting its impact in major markets. The station was nominated for the Radio & Records "Adult Contemporary Station of the Year" award in 2007, acknowledging its strong performance among top markets.

Industry Milestones

KOST achieved significant ratings success in the late 1980s and early 1990s, topping the Los Angeles market overall during multiple Arbitron (now Nielsen) survey periods, including a No. 1 ranking from June to September 1989 with a 6.8 share among listeners aged 12 and older. The station's morning show, hosted by Mark Wallengren and Kim Amidon from 1986 to 2007, also reached No. 1 status in the early 1990s, contributing to KOST's dominance in the adult contemporary format. Since 2000, KOST has maintained a consistent presence in the top five among Los Angeles stations per Nielsen Audio ratings, often ranking as the leading AC outlet with shares around 5-7% in recent books, such as a 6.3 share in March 2025. In format innovations, KOST pioneered extended holiday programming in by launching all-Christmas music in , becoming one of the first stations in the market—and among the earliest nationally—to commit to nonstop festive tunes from mid-November through late December each year, a tradition that boosted ratings significantly, such as a jump to No. 1 with a 5.5 share during the November 12 to December 9, 2009 Arbitron period. The station was an early adopter of technology in the mid-2000s, enhancing its broadcast with digital subchannels for improved audio quality and additional content streams. KOST marked a longevity milestone by maintaining its adult contemporary format uninterrupted for over 43 years as of 2025, since its launch on November 15, 1982, a rarity in the evolving radio landscape where many stations shift formats frequently.

References

  1. https://www.musicgateway.com/music-promotion/radio-station/kost-103-5
  2. https://www.dailynews.com/2025/04/28/kost-103-5-continues-to-dominate-local-radio-ratings-with-light-rock/
  3. https://www.iheart.com/live/kost-1035-193/
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  5. https://www.radioheritage.com/story412/
  6. https://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/cox-enterprises-inc-history/
  7. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-sep-01-fi-5580-story.html
  8. https://variety.com/1999/biz/news/amfm-getting-kost-kfi-in-swap-with-cox-1117755260/
  9. https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1999/10/05/clear-channel-creates-radio-giant/
  10. https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/broadcast-radio-license-renewal-dates-by-state
  11. https://losangeles.iheartadvertising.com/radio/kost-fm-103-5
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  14. https://www.ocregister.com/2020/11/02/kost-fm-103-5-announces-start-date-to-play-non-stop-christmas-music/
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  21. https://www.iheartmedia.com/press/clear-channel-becomes-iheartmedia
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  51. https://kost1035.iheart.com/featured/paul-kelley/
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  54. https://www.ocregister.com/2007/12/06/former-kost-host-kim-amidon-talks-about-her-firing/
  55. https://www.ocregister.com/2021/03/29/former-kost-fm-host-mark-wallengren-says-hes-doing-just-fine-one-year-after-going-off-the-air/
  56. https://www.dailynews.com/2025/10/20/after-38-years-karen-sharp-host-of-love-songs-on-the-kost-is-off-the-air/
  57. https://www.instagram.com/ted_ziegenbusch/
  58. https://www.iheartmedia.com/press/iheartmedia-launches-two-new-live-iheartradio-original-streaming-stations-partnership-rick
  59. https://www.laradio.com/wherea.htm
  60. https://promonet.radio-online.com/wire/KOST-FM100107.pdf
  61. https://ratings.radio-online.com/content/arb003
  62. https://www.facebook.com/groups/boss.radio.group/posts/1309997346333132/
  63. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxnRN_DyWbs
  64. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jan-01-la-et-arbitron1-2010jan01-story.html
  65. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDoZrOSamdE
  66. https://www.facebook.com/groups/1059275187837243/posts/1577448499353240/
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