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MBDB was initially developed as a non-psychedelic entactogen. It has lower effects on the dopamine system in comparison to other entactogens such as MDMA. MBDB causes many mild, MDMA-like effects, in particular the lowering of social barriers and inhibitions, pronounced sense of empathy and compassion, and mild euphoria, all of which are present. MBDB tends to produce less euphoria, psychedelia, and stimulation in comparison to MDMA.
Clinical studies have found that MBDB produces similar entactogenic effects to MDMA, but lacks psychedelic and stimulant effects.[1][2] It enhances mood similarly to MDMA, but lacks the pronounced euphoria of MDMA.[1] MBDB produces prosocial effects similarly to MDMA, although it is said to be moderately less effective.[1]
MBDB is a ring substituted amphetamine and an analogue of MDMA. Like MDMA, it has a methylenedioxy substitution at the 3 and 4 position on the aromatic ring; this is perhaps the most distinctive feature that structurally define analogues of MDMA, in addition to their unique effects, and as a class they are often referred to as "entactogens" to differentiate between typical stimulantamphetamines that (as a general rule) are not ring substituted.[citation needed] MBDB differs from MDMA by having an ethyl group instead of a methyl group attached to the alpha carbon. Modification at the alpha carbon is uncommon for substituted amphetamines.[citation needed]
MBDB has similar affinities for the serotonin5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors as MDMA.[1][7] However, MBDB did not show the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, at any dose in rodents.[6] In addition, MBDB (as well as MDMA) do not substitute for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in drug discrimination tests.[2] The lack of apparent hallucinogenic effects with MBDB is analogous to the case of Ariadne, the α-ethyl homologue of DOM; (R)-Ariadne (BL-3912A) showed no psychedelic effects in humans at doses of up to 270mg orally, whereas DOM is active as a hallucinogen at doses of 5 to 10mg orally.[7][8] This may be due to lower activational efficacy at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[8]
Unlike MDMA, MBDB is not internationally scheduled under the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The thirty-second meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (September 2000) evaluated MBDB and recommended against scheduling.[11] From the WHO Expert Committee assessment of MBDB:
Although MBDB is both structurally and pharmacologically similar to MDMA, the limited available data indicate that its stimulant and euphoriant effects are less pronounced than those of MDMA. There have been no reports of adverse or toxic effects of MBDB in humans. Law enforcement data on illicit trafficking of MBDB in Europe suggest that its availability and abuse may now be declining after reaching a peak during the latter half of the 1990s. For these reasons, the Committee did not consider the abuse liability of MBDB would constitute a significant risk to public health, thereby warranting its placement under international control. Scheduling of MBDB was therefore not recommended.
MBDB is considered a Schedule 9 Prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015).[12] A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.[12]
Sveriges riksdags health ministry Statens folkhälsoinstitut [sv] classified MBDB as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor [sv] (translated Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) as of Feb 25, 1999, in their regulation SFS 1999:58 listed as "2-metylamino-1-(3,4-metylendioxifenyl)-butan (MBDB)", making it illegal to sell or possess.[15]
^ abNagai F, Nonaka R, Satoh Hisashi Kamimura K (March 2007). "The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain". Eur J Pharmacol. 559 (2–3): 132–137. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.075. PMID17223101.
^ abcKaur H, Karabulut S, Gauld JW, Fagot SA, Holloway KN, Shaw HE, Fantegrossi WE (2023). "Balancing Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of MDMA and Novel MDXX Analogues as Novel Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder". Psychedelic Medicine. 1 (3): 166–185. doi:10.1089/psymed.2023.0023. PMC11661495. PMID40046567. Author Disclosure Statement: H.K. is Vice President of Research at PharmAla Biotech and is listed as an inventor on patents related to the research in this review article. H.E.S. receives salary supported from a contract between PharmAla Biotech and UAMS. W.E.F. receives research funds and salary support from a contract between PharmAla Biotech and UAMS. The other authors have no conflicts to disclose.
