Hubbry Logo
Polo neckPolo neckMain
Open search
Polo neck
Community hub
Polo neck
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Polo neck
Polo neck
Polo neck
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia
A person wearing a folded polo neck

A polo neck, roll-neck[1] (South Africa), turtleneck (United States, Canada), or skivvy is a garment—usually a sweater—with a close-fitting collar that folds over and covers the neck. It can also refer to the type of neckline, the style of collar itself, or be used as an adjective ("polo necked").

A simpler variant of the standard polo neck is the mock polo neck (or mock turtleneck), that resembles the polo neck with the soft fold at its top and the way it stands up around the neck, but both ends of the tube forming the collar are sewn to the neckline. This is mainly used to achieve the appearance of a polo neck where the fabric would fray, roll, or otherwise behave badly unless sewn. The mock polo neck clings to the neck smoothly, is easy to manufacture, and works well with a zip closure.

History

[edit]
Woman in an unfolded polo neck.

Europe

[edit]

Turtle neck–like garments have been worn for hundreds of years, dating at least to the 15th century. They were originally designed to protect the necks of knights wearing chainmail. Royalty adopted high-neck fashion, with the height and volume of the neck ruffle indicating status.[2]

From the late 19th century on polo necks were commonly worn by fishermen, manual workers, athletes, sailors and naval officers.[3] Since the middle of that century, black polo necks have been closely associated with leftist radical academics, philosophers, artists and intellectuals.[4][5] The polo neck jumper became an iconic symbol of the French philosopher Michel Foucault.[6] Polo necks also became a big fashion for wealthy young men after they were worn by European film stars Marcello Mastroianni and Yves Montand.[7]

Greta Garbo often wore polo necks and trousers privately, as later Audrey Hepburn would do in official photographs.

Vladimir Putin[8] of Russia, Andreas Papandreou[9] of Greece, and Emmanuel Macron[10] of France are examples of European leaders who are fond of wearing polo necks.

United States

[edit]

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the high neckline blouse became a fashionable option for young women as part of the emergence of the Gibson Girl.[11] Their adoption by Noël Coward in the 1920s turned polo necks into a brief middle-class fashion trend, and feminists made them into a unisex item. Absorbed into mainstream American fashion by the mid 20th century, the polo neck came to be viewed as an anti-tie, a smart form of dress for those who rejected formal wear. Senator Ted Kennedy, pianist/conductor Vladimir Ashkenazy, conductor Seiji Ozawa, philosopher Michel Foucault, shipping tycoon Stavros Niarchos, singer Barry Manilow, scientist Carl Sagan, Oracle Corporation co-founder Larry Ellison, and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs were among those often seen in polo necks.[12] Disgraced Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes deliberately copied Steve Jobs' style in wearing a black polo neck.[12][13]

Over time it became a fad among teenage girls, especially in a lightweight form that emphasised their figures. It was not long before Hollywood was also exploiting this image as part of the sweater girl look.

By the late 1950s the "tight turtleneck" had been adopted as part of the preppy style among students, a style emphasising neatness, tidiness and grooming. This would become an important aspect of the polo neck's image in the United States.

Turtlenecks were also famous in hippies in 1960s and 1970s.

Very elegant polo necks of silk or nylon knit, especially made with French cuffs for formal dress affairs, have also seen success in American fashion.[14]

As an alternative to the necktie

[edit]
Steve Jobs (left) wearing his signature mock polo neck by Issey Miyake[15]

Polo necks have been used as substitutes for a shirt-and-tie since the 1920s.[16] This was sometimes frowned upon in upscale restaurants and at weddings.

John Berendt wrote in Esquire[16]

the turtleneck was the boldest of all the affronts to the status quo. It was the picture of masculine poise and arrogance, redolent of athletes, sportsmen, even U-boat commanders. The simplicity of its design made neckties seem fussy and superfluous by comparison

The designer Halston said[16]

turtlenecks are the most comfortable garment you can wear. They move with the body, and they're flattering too, because they accentuate the face and elongate the figure. They make life so easy: you can wear a turtleneck to work and then afterwards throw on a jacket, and it becomes very dressy. You can go anywhere you like.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Polo neck

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
A polo neck is a garment, most commonly a , characterized by a high, close-fitting collar that folds over and covers the wearer's neck, providing warmth and protection from the elements. This style, also termed a roll-neck or turtleneck depending on regional , traces its origins to medieval where it was worn by knights beneath chainmail to prevent chafing and irritation from metal armor. By the , English polo players adopted the design for its practicality during sport, lending it the British designation "polo neck" to distinguish it from looser crew necks. The polo neck's evolution from utilitarian wear to fashion staple accelerated in the early , with figures like actor popularizing it among the in the 1920s as a sophisticated alternative to traditional collars. Post-World War II, it gained traction in artistic and circles, notably among the and later tech innovators such as , who favored the black turtleneck for its minimalist uniformity. Feminists in the mid-20th century promoted it as a unisex garment, challenging gendered dress norms while offering modest coverage without ties or scarves. Though versatile across genders and professions—from laborers and athletes to executives— the polo neck has occasionally sparked minor debates over its perceived formality or association with specific subcultures, yet its enduring appeal lies in its functional simplicity and adaptability to layering. Variations include the mock polo neck with a shorter, non-folding collar for less constriction, but the traditional folded design remains iconic for cold-weather utility and stylistic restraint.

Terminology and Definition

Etymology and Regional Variations

The term "turtleneck" originated in in 1893, referring to the high, close-fitting collar that folds over and evokes the appearance of a turtle's . In contrast, "polo neck," common in , derives from the garment's adoption by players in the 1860s to shield the from wind and friction during equestrian play. The variant "roll-neck," also used in the , descriptively highlights the collar's characteristic fold or roll downward over the chest. Regional nomenclature varies: in the United States and Canada, "turtleneck" predominates; in the United Kingdom, "polo neck" or "roll-neck" are standard; Australia and New Zealand favor "skivvy," often denoting a lighter version; and in French, it is "col roulé," meaning "rolled collar." These differences reflect linguistic evolution and cultural associations with the garment's practical origins in sport and labor.

Distinguishing Features and Construction Basics

The sweater is characterized by its prominent high collar, which rises vertically from the line to enclose the entire neck, distinguishing it from lower necklines like the that sit flush at the collarbone without coverage. This collar, typically 20-30 cm in unfolded length, is designed to fold downward over itself, creating a double-layered tube that provides insulation and a structured appearance. In contrast to the 's simple rounded band, the polo neck's ribbed construction ensures elasticity and form retention, preventing sagging or distortion during wear. Construction fundamentals center on techniques, where the garment body is formed via methods such as or flat panels joined by seams, often incorporating set-in or raglan sleeves for shaping. The defining collar begins with stitches picked up along the neck edge—usually a multiple of four for compatibility—then knitted in a tight 2x2 rib stitch over an extended length to accommodate folding. This , common in or blends, employs alternating knit and purl stitches to generate horizontal stretch, enabling the collar to conform snugly while maintaining vertical rigidity. Variations in collar execution include non-folded tubular styles, where the band remains upright without doubling, or mock necks with shorter heights approximating one-third of a full collar. Seam placement, if any, is minimized at the center back for a smooth finish, and finishing often involves binding off in to preserve elasticity. These elements ensure durability and aesthetic consistency across machine- or hand-knitted production.

Historical Origins and Development

Medieval and Pre-Modern Practical Roots

In medieval , knights and soldiers wore padded undergarments with high, close-fitting necks beneath chainmail hauberks to mitigate severe chafing and abrasions caused by the interlocking metal rings rubbing against bare skin during prolonged wear and combat. These garments, often constructed from or and sometimes quilted for additional cushioning, formed an essential layer of the aketon or , prioritizing functionality over aesthetics in an era when armor weighed 20-30 kilograms and mobility was critical. Historical accounts of chainmail's discomfort, derived from primary descriptions in chronicles like those of Froissart's Chronicles (c. 1400), underscore this practical necessity, as unprotected necks were vulnerable to friction-induced wounds that could lead to without modern antiseptics. By the late medieval and early modern periods (c. 15th-17th centuries), similar high-neck designs evolved among European seafarers and fishermen, particularly in colder maritime regions like the English Channel Islands, where knitted wool sweaters with roll or fold-over collars provided insulation against wind, spray, and hypothermia during long voyages. These precursors to modern polo necks, such as the Guernsey or Jersey sweaters originating around the 15th century, used dense, natural yarns for durability and warmth, with the high collar serving to seal drafts and protect the throat from elemental exposure—evidenced by surviving artifacts in maritime museums and patterns documented in 19th-century ethnographies tracing back to pre-industrial knitting traditions. This adaptation reflected causal priorities of survival in harsh environments, where loose fabrics risked snagging on rigging or failing to retain body heat, contrasting with ornamental ruffs emerging in elite civilian fashion that prioritized display over utility. Such pre-modern applications emphasized empirical functionality: high necks reduced vulnerability to environmental and mechanical hazards, as quantified in later naval records showing lower incidence of neck-related among collared knitwear users compared to open-necked alternatives. While not yet standardized as leisure wear, these roots laid the groundwork for the garment's persistence, unadorned by ideological overlays and driven by direct physical needs in labor-intensive societies.

19th-Century Sporting Adoption

In the mid-19th century, around 1860, English polo players began incorporating high-collared sweaters into their sporting attire, marking a key phase in the garment's adoption for athletic use. This practical choice stemmed from the need for protection during matches, where players faced exposure to wind, cold, and friction from reins or collars on horseback; the folded neck band shielded the throat and prevented chafing while allowing full mobility. , formalized in after its introduction from in the 1850s, demanded durable, weather-resistant clothing for outdoor play on open fields, and the polo neck's woolen construction met these requirements without the bulk of traditional shirts. This sporting endorsement popularized the term "polo neck" in , distinguishing it from American "turtleneck" nomenclature, as the garment became synonymous with the sport's elite equestrian circles. By the late , its utility extended to other athletes, including rowers and early cyclists, who valued the design's warmth and form-fitting nature for endurance activities in variable climates. Unlike looser Victorian collars, the polo neck's seamless knit integration reduced irritation during vigorous movement, reflecting a shift toward functional amid rising organized athletics in Britain.

20th-Century Mainstream Integration

In the early 1920s, British playwright elevated the polo neck from utilitarian origins to a staple in sophisticated wardrobes by frequently wearing it onstage and in public, associating it with intellectual and artistic circles while appealing to middle- and upper-class audiences. This adoption marked an initial shift toward broader cultural acceptance, as Coward's visibility in theater and film helped normalize the garment beyond sports and labor contexts. By the mid-20th century, particularly following , the polo neck integrated into mainstream American fashion as a practical alternative to traditional collared shirts and ties, favored for its sleek, collarless profile among professionals rejecting formal neckwear. Postwar Parisian cultural revival further propelled its popularity, with designers and artists embracing it for its minimalist versatility in both casual and semi-formal settings. In the , the garment gained wider appeal through celebrity endorsements, including actress , who styled it to emphasize sensuality, broadening its reach from to commercial fashion markets. The and saw renewed surges in popularity, first among beatniks and countercultural figures before permeating everyday wardrobes via and retail availability, solidifying its status as a versatile, non-conformist essential in Western apparel. Influential wearers like author and musician exemplified its crossover from subcultural symbol to accessible style, with sales reflecting broader consumer adoption in urban and suburban contexts. This era's integration owed much to knitwear advancements enabling affordable, durable variants, though periodic fluctuations in vogue persisted.

Design Features and Variations

Materials and Manufacturing Techniques


Polo necks are primarily fabricated from knitted textiles valued for their elasticity and insulation properties, with —particularly —being a predominant due to its fine fibers that provide warmth without excessive bulk. offers breathability and softness suitable for lighter variants, while cashmere delivers luxury through superior insulation and drape from its longer, finer goat undercoat hairs. Synthetic blends, incorporating or elastane, are employed in contemporary production to improve durability, stretch recovery, and resistance to pilling. The manufacturing process commences with yarn preparation, where fibers are spun into s inspected for quality before storage. Garment panels—front, back, and sleeves—are knitted on computerized flat-bed machines using weft techniques, enabling precise shaping via incremental increases and decreases for fitted silhouettes. The distinctive polo neck collar utilizes rib , commonly 1x1 or 2x2 patterns, produced to double the desired height for folding; this ribbing ensures the collar's ability to stretch over the head while contracting snugly around the neck. Panels and collar are assembled via linking machines that mimic hand-sewing for minimal seam visibility, followed by overlocking to prevent fraying. Finishing involves wet processing—such as and blocking—to relax the knit structure, set dimensions, and enhance softness, culminating in pressing and quality checks for defects like uneven stitching or inconsistencies. Cut-and-sew methods predominate in for versatility, though seamless whole-garment emerges in high-end applications to reduce seams entirely.

Stylistic Adaptations and Fit Considerations

Polo necks, also known as turtlenecks or roll-necks, adapt stylistically through variations in fabric weight and to formal or casual contexts; thinner knits enable layering beneath jackets or shirts for a sleek, versatile base, whereas thicker variants provide standalone warmth for everyday wear. A medium-height, collar that folds once or twice, positioning just below the jawline, enhances adaptability by allowing optional unfolding for less coverage in milder conditions. Fit considerations emphasize proportion and comfort, with the collar fitting snugly around the neck without constriction—ideally ending near the to permit easy breathing and head movement—while the body maintains a close but non-clinging contour to avoid bulkiness. Sleeve length should reach the wrists with defined shoulders, and overall hem placement at or just below the waist supports tucking for tailored looks or untucked casual styling; overly loose fits risk a sloppy appearance, whereas excessively tight ones limit mobility. Adaptations for body types prioritize balance: slimmer figures benefit from fitted silhouettes that add subtle structure without overwhelming lean frames, while athletic builds favor lightweight materials like merino wool to prevent added bulk when layered under blazers. Petite wearers suit cropped lengths paired with high-waisted bottoms to elongate the , tall individuals opt for elongated, chunkier designs to complement , and maternity adaptations incorporate stretchy fabrics that accommodate changing shapes without sacrificing form. Higher collar heights pair better with longer necks for proportional harmony, whereas lower profiles flatter shorter necks to avoid visual compression.

Cultural and Intellectual Associations

In the mid-20th century, the polo neck emerged as a hallmark of the subculture, an offshoot of the that emphasized artistic nonconformity and rejection of . Worn predominantly in black, it formed part of a minimalist uniform including berets, cigarette pants, and goatees, symbolizing intellectual depth and bohemian rebellion over superficial style. This garment's practicality—offering warmth without ostentation—aligned with the subculture's ethos of authenticity, as depicted in 1957's , where Audrey Hepburn's character embodies alienated creativity in a polo neck amid scenes. Beatniks, often comprising writers, poets, and visual artists, propelled the polo neck into creative professions by associating it with unpretentious genius and anti-establishment expression. Figures like and exemplified this, using the style to evoke jazz-influenced spontaneity and literary innovation, while musicians such as integrated it into performances blending improvisation with casual attire. By the 1960s, visual artists adopted it similarly; made the black polo neck his signature from that decade onward, pairing it with sunglasses and a to project enigmatic detachment in his studio milieu. In , conductors further cemented the polo neck's ties to creative rigor, favoring its sleek profile for rehearsals and concerts. , among others like André Previn and , routinely wore polo necks from the mid-20th century, blending professional poise with artistic informality to revive the garment's cultural cachet. This adoption reflected a broader pattern in creative fields, where the polo neck signified focused over performative flair, influencing its persistence in artistic wardrobes.

Notable Wearers Across Eras

In the early 20th century, literary figures like adopted polo necks as part of a rugged, wardrobe, often pairing them with casual attire during writing and outdoor pursuits. Similarly, frequently wore turtlenecks on stage and in public, contributing to their association with theatrical sophistication by the and . The mid-20th century saw polo necks embraced by Hollywood icons and countercultural influencers. prominently featured a black turtleneck in the 1957 film , embodying bohemian elegance and popularizing the garment among fashion-forward audiences. In the , musicians such as wore them during his "Electric Period" from 1965 to 1966, aligning with folk-rock rebellion, while , particularly , incorporated turtlenecks into their evolving mod and psychedelic styles. adopted black turtlenecks as a signature uniform in the same decade, symbolizing artistry in New York's scene. From the 1970s onward, polo necks retained ties to creative and intellectual spheres. Activists like and wore them during feminist and civil rights engagements, underscoring practicality amid activism. popularized the black polo neck in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, commissioning hundreds from designer around 1984 to streamline daily decisions and project minimalist innovation at Apple. Astronomer consistently appeared in turtlenecks during his series broadcasts in 1980, linking the garment to scientific popularization. These wearers across eras highlight polo necks' enduring appeal in blending functionality with symbolic nonconformity.

Symbolism in Rebellion and Practicality

The polo neck, also known as a turtleneck, originated as a utilitarian garment designed for physical protection and thermal efficiency. In medieval , knights wore woolen polo necks beneath chainmail to prevent neck abrasions from metal edges during , establishing its foundational role in safeguarding against environmental and occupational hazards. By the , it had been adopted by seafarers and fishermen for insulation against cold winds and sea spray, with its close-fitting collar providing a barrier that minimized drafts and moisture ingress while allowing freedom of movement. This practicality extended to sports like , where the garment—hence its British nomenclature—offered neck support and warmth without restrictive collars, and later to military personnel during , who utilized it for cold-weather operations in theaters such as and the Pacific. In the mid-20th century, the polo neck's austere functionality transformed into a emblem of intellectual and cultural rebellion, particularly within and existentialist circles of the 1950s and . figures and their emulators embraced the black polo neck as a uniform of nonconformity, rejecting the ornate, status-signaling attire of postwar bourgeois in favor of simple, monochromatic garb that prioritized artistic expression over convention. French existentialists, influenced by philosophers like , similarly adopted it to embody a stripped-down aesthetic aligned with themes of authenticity and defiance against material excess, often pairing it with berets and cigarette pants to signal philosophical detachment from mainstream norms. For women in these subcultures, the garment symbolized empowerment through subversion of traditional femininity, as seen in beatnik-inspired fashion that eschewed frills for a streamlined evoking strength and . Musicians and artists, including during the folk revival, further entrenched its rebellious connotations by wearing it as a marker of amid broader countercultural upheavals. The interplay between practicality and rebellion underscores the polo neck's enduring appeal: its inherent utility—offering warmth without ostentation—facilitated its co-option by nonconformists seeking attire that was both functional for and ideologically loaded against fashion's . This duality persisted, with the garment's protective collar metaphorically extending to a psychological armor against societal expectations, though its adoption waned temporarily in later decades before revival in minimalist contexts.

Modern Usage and Reception

In the early 2000s, polo necks, often styled as chunky knits, gained widespread popularity through mass-market retailers like Gap, where the Chunky Turtleneck—revisiting a holiday design in shades such as red, green, and gray—became a modeled across campaigns. This aligned with Y2K aesthetics featuring layered, versatile knits in neutral or bold colors, frequently paired with low-rise jeans or tracksuits for casual urban looks. By mid-decade, the garment's association with minimalist tech culture persisted via figures like , whose black polo necks symbolized simplicity and uniformity into the Apple keynote era. The saw a revival of slimmer, form-fitting necks integrated into suiting and professional attire, reflecting a in tailored menswear with thin wool versions layered under blazers for a sleek . High-fashion houses amplified this trend; by 2015, collections from , , and Valentino featured polo necks prominently in pre-fall lines, often in monochromatic or textured fabrics, repositioning the style as a versatile staple evoking both and . Designers like J.W. Anderson elevated high necks as central elements, blending them with contemporary silhouettes amid broader nostalgia for mid-century icons. adaptations, including cropped or sleeveless variants, further diversified appeal in urban contexts. Into the 2020s, polo necks have maintained relevance through hybrid styles like knitted polo collars, which surged in 2021 as comfortable, camera-friendly options for attire in breathable cottons or wools. Long, fitted turtlenecks echoed proportions in fall 2025 collections, driven by retro revivals and layered outfits with skirts or for seasonal versatility. This enduring trend underscores the garment's adaptability across casual, professional, and high-fashion domains, with form-fitting iterations prized for their insulating properties in colder climates.

Practical Benefits and Criticisms

Polo necks offer thermal benefits by enclosing the neck, a region susceptible to significant heat dissipation through and , thereby conserving body heat more effectively than open-collar garments in cold conditions. Materials such as merino wool or synthetic thermals in polo necks enhance this insulation while allowing moisture wicking and breathability, making them suitable as base layers for activities like or outdoor work without excessive bulk. Their design also reduces drafts and can mitigate neck muscle stiffness from exposure to low temperatures, potentially lowering vulnerability to minor cold-related ailments. However, the high collar can impose restrictions on neck mobility, leading to discomfort during extended wear or dynamic movements, particularly for individuals with sensitive or broader circumferences. In milder or indoor environments, polo necks may cause overheating due to trapped , exacerbating and reducing overall comfort compared to lower-neck alternatives like mock necks. Ill-fitting examples, especially those too tight, have been anecdotally reported to induce a sensation of , though no peer-reviewed studies confirm heightened physiological risks like impaired circulation under normal use.

Notable Controversies

In February 2019, Italian luxury house faced widespread criticism for a black wool balaclava-style polo neck sweater from its Fall/Winter 2018 collection, priced at $890, which featured an oversized turtleneck hood with exaggerated red lips that users and activists likened to blackface minstrelsy imagery. The design was accused of evoking racist stereotypes historically used to caricature , prompting calls for boycotts and highlighting broader concerns about cultural insensitivity in high . Gucci responded by removing the item from its online store and physical locations on February 7, 2019, issuing a statement expressing regret over any offense caused and affirming commitment to diversity and inclusion, though described the imagery as unintended. The incident drew parallels to similar controversies involving brands like and fueled discussions on the fashion industry's lack of racial diversity in and roles, with critics arguing that such oversights stem from homogenous creative teams. No legal actions ensued, but the backlash contributed to Gucci's subsequent initiatives, including and hiring commitments announced later that year.

References

  1. https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/turtleneck-guide/
  2. https://sanvt.com/blogs/journal/history-of-the-roll-neck-sweater
  3. https://startupfashion.com/fashion-archives-a-look-at-the-history-of-the-turtleneck/
  4. https://www.heddels.com/2023/01/coming-shells-turtle-necks-roll-neck-mock-neck/
  5. https://www.etymonline.com/word/turtleneck
  6. https://truefashionistas.com/blogs/fashion-files/history-of-the-turtleneck
  7. https://separatedbyacommonlanguage.blogspot.com/2007/09/polo-necks-and-turtlenecks.html
  8. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/french-english/col-roule
  9. https://www.pauljamesknitwear.com/blogs/guide/roll-neck-vs-turtleneck-vs-polo-neck
  10. https://blog.knitpicks.com/anatomy-of-a-sweater/
  11. https://www.schoolhousepress.com/blog/post/blog-41-meg-swansen-on-turtleneck-trick-and-more-collars
  12. https://blog.tincanknits.com/2021/07/29/sweater-construction-the-many-ways-to-knit-a-sweater/
  13. https://www.lanecrawford.com/discover/the-history-of-turtlenecks-102600016-20210217/shop/
  14. https://www.jmclaughlin.com/blog/style/the-history-of-the-turtleneck
  15. https://damnedparadise.net/blogs/noticias/beyond-the-collar-the-turtlenecks-fashion-evolution-into-a-timeless-classic
  16. https://www.pauljamesknitwear.com/blogs/guide/history-of-roll-neck-jumpers
  17. https://www.dgjiayan.com/the-history-of-the-sweater/
  18. https://dresslikeagrownup.blogspot.com/2012/08/the-ruff-history-of-neckwear.html
  19. https://www.jqbandana.com/info/neck-gaiters-a-fashionable-history-lesson-84591390.html
  20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348291036_Appearance_of_protective_clothing_over_the_centuries
  21. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/black-turtleneck-genius-artsy
  22. https://www.stanleybiggs.co.uk/blogs/biggs-journal/how-the-turtleneck-jumper-became-fashionable
  23. http://www.stitchfashion.com/home/a-stitch-in-time-the-history-of-turtlenecks
  24. https://www.asket.com/en-us/mens-merino-roll-neck-black
  25. https://www.suitableshop.com/knowledge-base/what-is-a-turtleneck/
  26. https://www.seamwork.com/fabric-guides/a-guide-to-sweater-knit-fabrics
  27. https://imilyclothing.com/sweater-manufacturing-process/
  28. https://modaknits.com/how-do-companies-make-knitted-sweaters/
  29. https://cottonworks.com/learning-hub/sweater-manufacturing/sweater-manufacturing-basics/
  30. https://hongyuapparel.com/sweater-manufacturing-process/
  31. https://textilelearner.net/flow-chart-of-sweater-manufacturing-process/
  32. https://sanvt.com/blogs/journal/how-should-a-roll-neck-sweater-fit
  33. https://godfrey.co.in/turtle-neck-sweaters-the-ultimate-guide-for-your-unique-body-type/
  34. https://www.permanentstyle.com/2020/12/the-height-of-knitwear-why-necklines-matter.html
  35. https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/8395/how-beatnik-style-made-the-underground-mainstream
  36. https://lithub.com/how-the-beat-generation-created-the-uniform-for-disaffected-youth/
  37. https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-turtleneck-iconic-creative-genius
  38. https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/latest/polo-neck-conductors/
  39. https://www.tallahasseemagazine.com/the-timeless-turtleneck/
  40. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/10/style/issey-miyake-steve-jobs-black-turtleneck.html
  41. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2022/08/10/heres-the-real-story-of-issey-miyake-and-steve-jobs-iconic-turtleneck/
  42. https://www.reviewstl.com/southparkjerseyshorecigarman101110/
  43. https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/all-about-the-turtleneck-fashions-control-mechanism
  44. https://www.fashionlistings.org/Beat-Generation%27s-Black-Turtlenecks:-1950s-Counter-Culture/B202.htm
  45. https://thevou.com/blog/beatnik-fashion-men/
  46. https://theweek.com/articles/889339/how-turtleneck-became-symbol-power
  47. https://www.thegoodtrade.com/features/history-of-turtlenecks/
  48. https://www.thevoiceoffashion.com/centrestage/features/the-case-of-the-black-turtleneck-3488
  49. https://www.vogue.com/article/the-gap-holiday-sweater-2000
  50. https://www.sequoitmedia.com/early-2000s-comeback-the-turtleneck/
  51. https://www.the-independent.com/life-style/fashion/issey-miyake-death-turtleneck-steve-jobs-b2141445.html
  52. https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/feb/03/polo-neck-jackie-o-kim-kardashian-alexa-chung-joaquin-phoenix-inherent-vice
  53. https://www.gingtto.com/blogs/news/are-turtleneck-sweaters-in-style
  54. https://www.purewow.com/fashion/polo-collar-sweater-trend
  55. https://style.novyny.live/en/which-turtleneck-is-this-falls-hit-a-2000s-comeback-286140.html
  56. https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-point-in-a-turtleneck-Did-it-used-to-serve-a-purpose
  57. https://www.suitableshop.ca/sweaters/turtleneck/
  58. https://www.heatholders.com/en-ca/blogs/wow/easy-ways-to-keep-your-neck-warm-in-winter
  59. https://oglmove.com/blogs/style/who-shouldn-t-wear-turtlenecks
  60. https://smart.dhgate.com/turtleneck-vs-mock-neck-is-the-extra-neck-coverage-worth-it-or-nah/
  61. https://thedrewacorn.com/2022/10/21/ollies-opinions-turtlenecks-are-strangulation-death-traps/
  62. https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/07/us/gucci-blackface-sweater
  63. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/gucci-creative-director-says-unintended-racist-imagery-890-sweater-causes-n971261
  64. https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/7/18215671/gucci-blackface-sweater-apology-prada-virginia
  65. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/podcast/knowledge-at-wharton-podcast/gucci-blackface-sweater/
  66. https://www.thedailybeast.com/gucci-apologizes-for-blackface-turtleneck/
  67. https://hypebeast.com/2019/2/gucci-balaclava-jumper-racist-apology
  68. https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/offensive-fashion-1.5035621
  69. https://people.com/style/gucci-under-fire-for-turtleneck-sweater-evoking-blackface/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.