Sikh names are the names used by Sikhs. The basis of Sikh personal-names are selected through the naam karan ceremony. Nearly all Sikh personal-names carry religious meanings. The usage of Singh or Kaur in a Sikh name is mandated after baptism into the Khalsa and based upon gender. Since the colonial-period, many Sikhs have adopted using their caste or clan as a surname and instead use Singh or Kaur as a middle-name rather than a surname. Some Sikhs adopt Khalsa as their surname to mark a departure from any caste identifications based upon names. Trends and systems of Sikh names have changed over time, with a notable shift has been the ending of using gendered name endings toward names being unisex and the popularization of including certain prefixes and suffixes to create dithematic names.

Sikh names often have the following format: First name – Religious name – Family name. Sikh first names serve as personal names and are selected through the Naam Karan ceremony, where a random page of the Guru Granth Sahib is opened by a granthi (Sikh priest) and the first letter of the first prayer on the opened page is used as the basis for the first name as an initial. Most Sikh first names are unisex and often are appended with prefixes and suffixes, such as -jit, -winder, or -want. The religious name is Singh ("lion") for males and Kaur ("princess") for females. First and religious names are usually used together by Sikhs. Some Sikhs have a family name whilst others only have a personal name and religious name. For the Sikhs that have a family name, it usually consists of a caste-based or sub-caste-based name which marks the individual's caste identity. Sikhism opposes the caste system, thus traditionally Sikhs did not have caste-based surnames, however they have been adopted by some Sikhs to match with naming conventions outside of India. For the Sikhs who do not have a caste-based surname, some use Singh or Kaur as their surname instead. Other Sikhs have a placename (toponym) as their surname rather than a caste-based surname.

According to Kate Monk's Onomastikon ("Dictionary of Names"), most Sikhs have three names which consists of a personal-name, a middle-name to show Sikh identity (example: Singh, 'lion' for a male), and a clan or subsect name as a surname. Many Sikh women use Kaur as their third name but some have Singh instead if their family had adopted it as a surname. The name Kaur can translated as meaning "princess" but also "lioness", analogous to the translation of Singh being "lion". Many Sikh names are not unique to the religious community but are shared across religious lines, especially with the Hindu community, as certain names are used by both Sikhs and Hindus. There exists a practice of a married Sikh woman adopting the personal-name of their husband as their own middle-name or surname, which may be characteristically masculine, with meanings such as "warrior", "brother", or "strength". Spellings of Sikh names may vary when transliterated into the Latin script as there is no uniform transliteration scheme in-use.

Guru Nanak is believed to have renamed Bhai Mardana from his original name Marjana to Mardana. The lore states that Mardana was named Marjana (meaning "to die") by his parents as all of their previous children had died in childhood and it was believed that a name like this would prevent evil-eye and keep away the god of death and prolong son's life. When Mardana became a companion of Guru Nanak, the guru renamed him Mardana, which means "brave" or "manly".

Sikh names were often chosen in-relation to particular Indic deities or gurus that find reference within the Sikh scriptures, such as Rama, Indra, and Shiva. Derivations based upon Indra's name using the Punjabi form Inder were especially common as both a prefix and suffix, adopted for martial symbolism.

The names of the Sikh gurus carried special religious or martial meanings, often tied to Indic mythology or deities:

Sikh lore claims that prior to the adoption of Singh and Kaur, Sikhs generally had short and simple names. Thus, the adoption of "heavy" (bhari) personal names were for martial reasons and replaced "little" personal names, as the heavy names were "weightier" and "grander" sounding to symbolize martiality and courage.

When the Sikhs were fighting the Mughals we had small-small names like Billu, Tillu, Kalu, Neela, Peela - not impressive names like the Mughals. A [Mughal] name like Bakhtavur Khan is very impressive and intimidating. Guruji said: How can we fight the Muslims when our names are small but theirs are great, very big names? You should also have heavy and good names. Then at the Khalsa he created Kaur and Singh and his name was changed from Gobind Rai to Gobind Singh. Now, if someone listens to the name, it is heavy, it is Singh. With big, heavy names your strength becomes more.