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Timothy James Mara (July 29, 1887 – February 16, 1959) was an American professional football executive. He was the founding owner of the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL).[1] The Giants, under Mara, won NFL championships in 1927, 1934, 1938, and 1956 and divisional titles in 1933, 1935, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1946, and 1958.

Key Information

Early life

[edit]

Mara, the son of Elizabeth (née Harris) and John Mara, a policeman, of Irish descent, was born into poverty on New York City's Lower East Side. At the age of 13, he quit school in order to find work to support his mother. His first job was as an usher in a theater.[2] He then worked as a newsboy selling newspapers on the streets. This job brought him into contact with many of New York's bookmakers (or bookies). He soon became a runner for the bookies, earning five percent of the bets he collected and receiving tips from winners when he delivered their cash. By age 18, he was an established bookmaker himself.[citation needed]

New York Giants

[edit]

Formation of the Giants

[edit]

In 1925, the NFL was in need of a franchise in a large city that could be used to showcase the league. NFL President Joseph Carr traveled to New York to offer boxing promoter Billy Gibson a franchise. Gibson had owned the New York Brickley Giants, the NFL's last attempt to put a team in New York. While Gibson turned the offer down, he referred Carr to his friend Tim Mara. While Mara did not know much about football, Mara's friend, Dr. Harry March, did. March, a former physician for the Canton Bulldogs of the pre-NFL "Ohio League" and the future author of the first professional football history book Pro Football: Its Ups and Downs, soon became the club's first secretary.

This backing led Mara to purchase the NFL franchise for New York at a cost of $500–about $7,426.99 in 2020.[3] Mara and March even signed Jim Thorpe to play several half games in order to boost attendance. However many of the New York sports fans still took to college football and stayed away from the pro sport. During the Giants' first season, attendance was so poor that Mara lost over $40,000. To tap into New York's college football fans, Mara tried to sign ex-college football superstar Red Grange only to find that he already was a member of the Chicago Bears. However, still looking for a way to cash in on Grange's popularity, Mara scheduled a game against the Bears to be played at the Polo Grounds. The gate receipts totaled $143,000 for that one game against Grange and the Bears, and Mara recovered all of his losses for the 1925 season.

Battle with the AFL and first NFL Championship

[edit]

In 1926, Grange and his manager, C. C. Pyle, formed the first American Football League with a franchise in New York, the Yankees, to compete with the Giants. At the same time, Giants coach Bob Folwell and star tackle Century Milstead, left to join the AFL's Philadelphia Quakers. This led Mara to increase the salaries of all his players by $50 a game to prevent them from leaving the Giants, too. He also signed many players to full-season contracts. Mara suffered $60,000 in financial losses that season. However all but four of the AFL franchises finished the 1926 season. Mara then challenged the AFL champion Philadelphia Quakers to a game and they accepted. In the first inter-league post-season confrontation, the seventh-place Giants defeated the AFL's champion, 31–0. The AFL folded soon thereafter.

By now, Mara was now willing to admit the Yankees into the NFL, as the only survivor of the defunct AFL. He even allowed the team to play its home games at Yankee Stadium. However, Mara was able to dictate the Yankees' schedule. When the Giants were in the Polo Grounds, the Yankees were to be on the road.

The next year, the Giants went 11-1-1 and won their first NFL championship. At the end of the 1928 season, Pyle turned his Yankees' franchise over to Mara. In 1929, Dan Blaine, the owner of the Staten Island Stapletons, applied for an NFL franchise. However, he first needed permission from Mara to set up his franchise, because Staten Island was within Mara's exclusive territory. But Mara actually had an extra franchise since the Yankees folded after the 1928 season, so the franchise again went back to Mara and he passed those franchise's rights on to Staten Island.

Among his many business interests, Tim Mara was a bookmaker.[1] Here he is pictured at the Jamaica Race Track in 1934

Takeover of the Wolverines

[edit]

In 1929, Mara was looking for a player who might approach Grange in fan appeal. He saw Benny Friedman of the Detroit Wolverines as the best option available. When he couldn't make a deal for Friedman, Mara simply bought the entire Detroit franchise for $10,000. For the next few years Mara had ultimate ownership of three NFL franchises; however, he never interfered with the management of any of the teams that operated under his leases.

Great Depression era

[edit]

During the Great Depression in 1930, New York Mayor Jimmy Walker approached Mara about playing a charity exhibition game, which he quickly agreed to do. The Giants defeated the Notre Dame All-Stars, which included the legendary Four Horsemen. The Giants easily outscored Notre Dame, 21–0. As a result of the game, Mara and the Giants raised $115,153 for the New York City Unemployment Fund.

Battles with other rival leagues

[edit]

In 1936 and 1937, Mara successfully battled for New York's pro football market against the Brooklyn Tigers and the New York Yankees of the second American Football League. He also successfully outlasted the New York Yankees of the third American Football League.[citation needed]

However, from 1946 to 1949, Mara engaged in an all-out war with the All-America Football Conference. Mara and the Giants were faced with two AAFC opponents in the New York City area, the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers. Again Mara fought hard for New York's pro football fanbase and eventually won. When the two leagues partially merged after the 1949 season, Mara demanded and got the best players from the combined New York-Brooklyn franchise that had operated in 1949.[citation needed]

Legacy

[edit]

Mara died in 1959 at the age of 71. His vast contributions to the NFL were recognized with his 1963 election to the charter class of 17 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.[4][5]

Family

[edit]

Mara left the Giants to his sons, Jack and Wellington Mara, and each inherited a 50% stake. Wellington is in the Pro Football Hall of Fame alongside his father. His grandson through Jack, Timothy J. Mara was later part-owner of the Giants, and his other grandson John Mara, a son of Wellington, is currently the Giants' president and part owner. Only the Chicago Bears (owned by the Halas-McCaskey family since 1921) have been in the hands of one family longer than the Giants. In 1991, Timothy J. Mara, representing his mother and his sister, sold their half-interest in the team.[6]

Tim's great-granddaughters Rooney and Kate Mara are actresses.[7]

References

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
  • Gottehrer, Barry. The Giants of New York, the history of professional football's most fabulous dynasty. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963 OCLC 1356301
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Tim Mara

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Timothy James Mara (July 29, 1887 – February 16, 1959) was an American football executive best known as the founding owner of the , a cornerstone franchise of the (). Born in , Mara faced economic hardships during his youth and later worked as a fight promoter before becoming involved in professional football. In 1925, he purchased the Giants franchise for $500, thereby establishing the NFL's first team in the nation's largest city and helping to legitimize the league's presence in major urban markets. The team debuted that season with an 8-4 record, and a pivotal 1925 game featuring star player drew over 70,000 fans, providing crucial financial stability and public interest in the early . Under Mara's ownership, the Giants evolved into a perennial powerhouse, securing three championships and eight division titles across his 30-year tenure from 1925 to 1955. He was instrumental in the league's growth and resilience, particularly during challenges from rival organizations such as the first in 1926 and the from 1946 to 1949. Mara shared ownership with his sons, Jack and Wellington, in 1930, ensuring family continuity in the franchise's management. Mara's contributions extended to charitable efforts, including organizing benefit games during the , such as a 1930 exhibition that supported New York City's relief funds. He remained actively involved until his death in 1959, after which his family upheld the Giants' legacy. Posthumously, Mara was elected to the in 1963 as part of its inaugural class, with his son Jack accepting the honor on his behalf.

Early Life and Career

Birth and Upbringing

Timothy James Mara was born on July 29, 1887, in New York City's to parents of Irish descent, including a father who worked as a policeman. His family resided in a densely populated, working-class neighborhood amid the challenges of immigrant life in late 19th-century . Mara's father died suddenly when he was a teenager, plunging the family into poverty and leaving his widowed mother to raise Mara and his siblings alone. Growing up in these hardships instilled a strong in the young Mara, who took on responsibilities early to help support the household. To contribute financially, Mara began working as a newspaper delivery boy, hawking papers along Broadway after . He later took a job as a theater usher, managing crowds at venues in the bustling city. His formal was limited; he quit at age 15 in 1902 following his father's death to work full-time, prioritizing family needs over continued studies. These formative experiences in New York City's immigrant enclaves shaped his resilience and drive, setting the stage for his later ventures.

Entry into Business and Sports Promotion

At the age of 13 in 1900, Tim Mara began running bets for legal bookmakers he encountered while working as a paperboy in New York City, quickly learning the trade amid his family's financial struggles. By his late teens, around 1905, he had established himself as an independent bookmaker, studying horse racing forms to set odds and building a substantial clientele that included lawyers, judges, and affluent patrons at tracks like Belmont Park. His operations thrived despite periodic anti-gambling crackdowns; during 1910–1914, he ran a discreet betting service from a hotel suite, and by 1921, he operated openly from a stand at Belmont, amassing significant wealth that positioned him as one of New York's leading bookmakers by the early 1920s. To supplement his income, Mara took on various jobs after leaving school at 15 in 1902, including ushering at the Ziegfeld Theater and working at a lawbook bindery, where he cultivated relationships with legal professionals to facilitate discreet betting. He also sold and programs at events, gaining early exposure to the city's vibrant and scene. These roles honed his entrepreneurial instincts and provided insider knowledge of venue operations, setting the stage for his later ventures. In the 1910s and 1920s, Mara transitioned into sports promotion, particularly , by organizing matches at prestigious venues like and the , often leveraging political connections such as his friendship with New York Governor to secure necessary licenses. As president of the Aram Athletic Club of New York, he staged high-profile bouts and acted as an agent for fighters, including heavyweight champion , though a later contract dispute led to a settled out of court. His prominence in the world fostered key relationships in New York's sports circles, including close ties with Tunney's manager Billy Gibson and collaborations with renowned promoter on efforts to influence regulations and event approvals. These connections not only amplified his influence but also demonstrated his skill in navigating the high-stakes, risk-laden world of early 20th-century .

Founding and Early Success of the New York Giants

Purchase and Initial Organization

In 1925, NFL President sought to expand the league's presence in major markets to compete with baseball's dominance, approaching New York bookmaker and promoter Tim Mara through mutual acquaintance Billy Gibson to establish a franchise in the city. Mara, leveraging his experience in sports promotion, agreed to the venture, purchasing the franchise for $500 on August 1, 1925. Mara named the team the , drawing inspiration from the city's established team of the same name to capitalize on local familiarity and appeal. He secured the Polo Grounds as the team's home venue through his established connections in New York sports circles, including prior boxing promotions at the . To assemble the roster, Mara partnered with talent scout Doc March (Dr. Harry A. "Doc" March), who recruited recent college standouts such as Hinky Haines from Penn State, alongside veteran star as a player. Bob Folwell was hired as the inaugural head coach. The Giants' debut season began with an away loss to the Providence Steam Roller on October 11, 1925, but their first home at the occurred on October 18 against the , drawing an estimated 25,000 spectators despite a 14-0 defeat. This matchup marked the team's introduction to New York fans, with Thorpe contributing on the field and Haines showcasing his speed in early plays, setting the stage for the franchise's growth in the league.

Rivalry with the American Football League and 1927 Championship

In 1926, promoter C.C. Pyle, manager of college football star Red Grange, sought to establish a professional team in New York but was denied an NFL franchise by league owners, including Tim Mara, who held exclusive territorial rights for the Giants in the city. Undeterred, Pyle founded the rival American Football League (AFL) that year, launching it with eight teams, including the New York Yankees featuring Grange as the marquee attraction at Yankee Stadium. The AFL directly challenged the NFL's dominance, particularly in New York, where the Yankees' games drew significant crowds—such as 22,000 for their opener against the Cleveland Panthers—siphoning potential attendance from Mara's Giants at the nearby Polo Grounds and threatening the financial viability of both leagues. Mara responded strategically by maintaining the Giants' schedule amid the competition, refusing to concede New York to Pyle's venture despite attendance struggles; the Giants averaged around 10,000 fans per home game in , compared to the Yankees' draws, but Mara leveraged the prior year's success from hosting Grange's in a 1925 exhibition that had packed 73,000 into the to affirm pro football's appeal. The AFL's aggressive expansion and Grange's star power intensified the rivalry, with Pyle scheduling overlapping dates to undercut teams, but Mara's persistence helped preserve the Giants' position; the league even passed the "Red Grange Rule" to prevent future college stars from immediate pro play, stabilizing operations. The AFL folded after just one season due to widespread financial losses, as most teams beyond Pyle's subsidized franchises struggled with low attendance and high costs, leaving the Yankees and others in disarray. Mara capitalized on the collapse by signing key talent from the defunct league, including Grange himself, who joined the Giants for the 1927 season alongside other AFL players, bolstering the team's roster and legitimacy. Under new head coach Earl Potteiger, a former Giants player, the team mounted a dominant campaign, finishing 11-1-1 with a league-best defense that recorded 10 shutouts and allowed only 20 points all season while scoring 197. The Giants clinched their first NFL championship that year by virtue of their superior record, as the league awarded the title to the top finisher without playoffs; notable victories included a 28-7 win over the Chicago Cardinals and a 13-7 victory over the Chicago Bears, culminating in a 13-0 win over the New York Yankees (the former AFL team) to close the season. This triumph not only validated Mara's resistance to the AFL threat but also elevated the Giants as New York's premier professional football franchise, drawing increased fan interest and setting the stage for sustained success.

Ownership Challenges and Stabilizations

The stock market crash of 1929 plunged the into the , severely impacting the ' finances just as the team had begun to establish itself in the . By 1930, the franchise teetered on the brink of amid widespread economic hardship that reduced attendance and sponsorship revenues across . To shield the team from his personal creditors and ensure its survival, owner Tim Mara transferred 50% ownership to his son , then 22 years old, while retaining operational control; his younger son, , aged 14, was nominally included but too young to participate actively. He implemented cost-cutting measures, including salary reductions for players, to maintain operations without folding like several other NFL teams. At the same time, Mara demonstrated loyalty to his roster by ensuring payments continued during lean years and sustaining a competitive "major league" product, which helped retain talent and fan interest. These strategies paid off with on-field successes that bolstered the team's profile amid adversity. In , under head coach Steve Owen, the Giants captured the championship with a 30-13 victory over the in the , a game immortalized as the "Sneakers Game" after players donned rubber-soled sneakers on the icy field to gain traction. Four years later, in 1938, they repeated as champions, defeating the 23-17 in a hard-fought contest that highlighted the franchise's resilience. These triumphs, achieved through Mara's prudent management, provided crucial gate receipts and affirmed the Giants' status as a stabilizing force in the league during the Depression era.

Battles with Rival Leagues and Key Acquisitions

In 1928, Tim Mara acquired the entire franchise primarily to secure its star quarterback and other key players for the , thereby preventing the team's potential contraction and bolstering the Giants' roster amid growing league instability. This strategic move allowed Mara to deactivate the Wolverines and integrate talents like Friedman, who had led the team to a strong 7-2-1 record the previous season, helping to maintain competitive balance in the during a period of financial pressures on smaller-market franchises. During the late 1940s, Mara staunchly opposed the (AAFC), which challenged the NFL's dominance by establishing rival teams in major markets, including the New York Yankees and that directly competed with the Giants in the . He refused to fold or sell the Giants despite attendance drops and financial strains from this competition, leveraging his influence to protect the franchise's position and arguing that the market could not support multiple professional teams. Mara invoked NFL territorial rights to block AAFC expansion efforts in New York, such as preventing the from relocating to , thereby safeguarding the Giants' exclusive claim to the city's fanbase and access. Mara played a pivotal role in advocating for the 1949-1950 NFL-AAFC merger, which absorbed select AAFC franchises like the and while dispersing player rights to stabilize the league and end the destructive rivalry. Through this process, the Giants acquired rights to several AAFC players, enhancing their depth, and Mara supported integration efforts by signing in 1948 as the franchise's first Black player after Tunnell personally requested a tryout. This move aligned with post-World War II shifts toward racial inclusion in the , as the merger brought in established Black stars from the AAFC and pressured holdout teams to diversify rosters. Throughout these battles, Mara's involvement in NFL league politics emphasized territorial protections to shield established franchises from rival encroachments, influencing policies that prioritized market exclusivity and collective bargaining against upstart leagues. His efforts helped solidify the NFL's structure, ensuring the Giants' survival and contributing to the league's growth into a national powerhouse by the early 1950s.

Later Years and Legacy

Post-War Involvement and Team Achievements

During World War II, from 1941 to 1945, the New York Giants under Tim Mara's ownership grappled with severe roster shortages as numerous players enlisted in the military, contributing to a broader NFL manpower crisis that saw over 330 players serve by 1943 and prompted roster limits to drop to 28 active players with shortened 10-game schedules. Despite these challenges, the team achieved Eastern Division titles in both 1941 (8-3 record) and 1944 (8-1-1 record), relying on a mix of aging veterans like Mel Hein and Ken Strong, rookies, and even players granted temporary leave from military service, such as Bill Paschal from the Maritime Service. Notable enlistments included end Al Blozis, who joined the Army in 1944 and was killed in action in France in January 1945, and back Hank Soar, who entered military service after the 1944 season. In the post-war era, the Giants rebounded strongly, capturing the Eastern Division title again in 1946 with a 7-3-1 record under coach Steve Owen, though they fell short in the NFL Championship Game against the . The team experienced a resurgence in the mid-1950s, culminating in the 1956 Championship—a decisive 47-7 victory over the Bears at —marking the fourth league title under Mara's ownership and highlighting the squad's defensive prowess led by coordinator and offensive coordinator . This triumph, the last championship directly overseen by Mara, came after an 8-3-1 and solidified the Giants as a dominant force. The Giants closed out Mara's active era with another Eastern Division crown in 1958 (9-3 record), advancing to the NFL Championship but losing to the in overtime. Throughout the , Mara began a gradual handover of operational control to his sons, Jack and , who assumed increasing responsibilities in business and football operations, respectively, while Mara retained principal ownership until his . In this period, Mara also served in an advisory capacity in owners' discussions on league expansion, contributing to efforts that added franchises like the in 1950 to bolster the league's national footprint.

Death, Hall of Fame Induction, and Enduring Impact

Timothy James Mara died suddenly of a heart attack on February 16, 1959, at his home in at the age of 71. Following his death, ownership of the transitioned immediately to his sons, Jack and , who had been involved in the franchise's operations for decades and continued the family stewardship. Mara was posthumously inducted into the on September 7, 1963, as part of the inaugural class of 17 members, recognizing his foundational role in professional football. His enshrinement speech was presented by sportswriter Arthur Daley and accepted by his son Jack, highlighting Mara's contributions to elevating the sport in America's largest media market. Mara's enduring impact on the stems from his establishment of the Giants as a stabilizing force in New York, where the team drew national attention and helped legitimize professional football during its formative, unstable years in the . Under his ownership, the Giants secured NFL championships in 1927, 1934, 1938, and 1956, fostering a dynasty that promoted player commitment through competitive success and fair management practices. By maintaining family ownership continuity even after his death— a model that persists today—Mara exemplified long-term dedication to the league's growth, transforming a $500 investment into a cornerstone franchise that bolstered the NFL's expansion into a modern powerhouse.

Family and Personal Life

Marriage and Immediate Family

Timothy James Mara married Elizabeth M. "Lizette" Barclay on August 5, 1907, in , . Lizette, born June 5, 1888, in New York, was the daughter of Henry Laurence Barclay, who was born in to parents of Irish ancestry, and Elizabeth Armstrong. As a homemaker, she provided steadfast support to Mara during his ventures in business and sports, maintaining a prominent presence in 's social circles tied to athletics and Irish-American communities. The couple had two sons: John V. "Jack" Mara, born March 21, 1908, and Wellington Timothy Mara, born August 14, 1916. Both sons were exposed to professional football from a young age, with Wellington serving as a for the Giants starting at age nine in 1925. The family resided primarily in , including on by 1940, and later established a homestead in . Beyond his football endeavors, Mara maintained a lifelong interest in , having promoted fights and nearly invested in heavyweight champion Gene Tunney's career before founding the Giants. A devout Catholic, he also contributed to philanthropic causes, notably organizing a 1930 exhibition game between the Giants and Notre Dame that raised over $115,000 for New York City's unemployment relief fund during the .

Family's Role in the Giants Franchise

In 1930, Tim Mara transferred ownership of the to his sons, and , dividing the franchise equally between them to shield it from his personal financial creditors while retaining operational control until his death. , who handled the business operations as co-owner and president, died of cancer on June 29, 1965, at age 57, with his 50 percent stake divided between his wife Helen and children, (1935–1995) and Maura Mara. This elevated to co-owner alongside his uncle , who managed football decisions, marking the beginning of a multi-generational family stewardship amid the team's challenges in the late 1960s and 1970s. Tensions arose in the family's ownership structure during the early , culminating in a public feud between and over the franchise's direction and potential sale. In February 1991, sold his 50 percent interest to Preston Robert "Bob" Tisch for approximately $70–80 million, ending the Mara family's sole ownership but preserving Wellington's half-stake and allowing the team to remain under partial family control. passed away from Hodgkin's disease on June 1, 1995, at age 59. The Mara family's involvement persisted into the 21st century following Wellington Mara's death on October 25, 2005, at age 89, after which his son John K. Mara assumed the role of president and chief executive officer, maintaining a 50 percent family ownership stake shared with the Tisch family. John Mara, who continues as co-owner and primary decision-maker, represents the third generation of direct involvement, overseeing operations as of 2025. The Mara lineage has also intertwined with the Rooney family of the Pittsburgh Steelers through marriages, notably when Timothy J. Mara's son, Chris Mara, wed Kathleen Rooney, daughter of Art Rooney Jr.; their daughters, actresses Kate Mara and Rooney Mara, are thus great-granddaughters of founder Tim Mara on the Giants side and great-granddaughters of Steelers founder Art Rooney Sr. on the other. This connection underscores the Maras' enduring influence across NFL ownership dynasties.

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  61. https://www.chicagotribune.com/1991/02/24/giants-internal-feud-over-for-now/
  62. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-oct-26-me-mara26-story.html
  63. https://operations.nfl.com/learn-the-game/nfl-basics/team-histories/national-football-conference/east/new-york-giants/
  64. https://sports.yahoo.com/article/know-john-mara-meet-york-120106386.html
  65. https://people.com/all-about-kate-rooney-mara-parents-8387789
  66. http://www.espn.com/espn/page2/index/_/id/7461924
  67. https://steelersdepot.com/2012/01/the-rooney-mara-connection/
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