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List of Google products
List of Google products
from Wikipedia

The following is a list of products, services, and apps provided by Google. Active, soon-to-be discontinued, and discontinued products, services, tools, hardware, and other applications are broken out into designated sections.

Web-based products

[edit]
Product Description
Search tools
Google Search A web search engine and Google's core product.
Google Alerts An email notification service that sends alerts based on chosen search terms whenever it finds new results. Alerts include web results, Google Groups results, news, and videos.
Google Assistant A virtual assistant.
Gemini A conversational generative artificial intelligence chatbot.
Google Books A search engine for books.
Google Dataset Search Allows searching for datasets in data repositories and local and national government websites.
Google Flights A search engine for flight tickets.
Google Images A search engine for images online.
Google Shopping A search engine to search for products across online shops.
Google Travel A trip planner service.
Google Videos A search engine for videos.
Groupings of articles, creative works, documents, or media
Chrome Music Lab A website for experimenting or creating music through interactive learning.
Google Arts & Culture An online platform to view artworks and cultural artifacts.
Google Books A website that lists published books and hosts a large, searchable selection of scanned books.
Google Finance Searchable US business news, opinions, and financial data.
Google News Automated news compilation service and search engine for news in more than 20 languages.
Google Patents A search engine to search through millions of patents, each result with its own page, including drawings, claims, and citations.
Google Scholar A search engine for the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and scholarly fields. Includes virtually all peer-reviewed journals.
YouTube A video hosting website.
Advertising services
AdMob A mobile advertising network.
Google Ads An online advertising platform.
Google AdSense A contextual advertising program for web publishers that delivers text-based advertisements that are relevant to site content pages.
Google Ad Manager An advertisement exchange platform.
Google Marketing Platform An online advertising and analytics platform.
Google Tag Manager A tag management system to manage JavaScript and HTML tags, including web beacons, for web tracking and analytics.
Local Service Ads An online advertising platform for lead generations that provide local businesses with a Google guaranteed green check mark.
Communication and publishing tools
Blogger A weblog publishing tool.
FeedBurner A tool in web feed management services, including feed traffic analysis and advertising facilities.
Google Chat An instant messaging software with the capability of creating multi-user "rooms".
Google Classroom A content management system for schools that aids in the distribution and grading of assignments and provides in-class communication.
Google Contacts A contact management service.
Google Fonts A webfont hosting service.
Google Groups An online discussion service that also offers Usenet access.
Google Meet A video conferencing platform.
Google Saved A collections app.
Google Sites A webpage creation and publication tool.
Google Voice A VoIP system that provides a phone number that can be forwarded to actual phone lines.
Productivity tools
Gmail An email service.
Google Account Controls how a user appears and presents themselves on Google products.
Google Calendar An online calendar with Gmail integration, calendar sharing, and a "quick add" function to create events using natural language.
Google Charts An interactive, web-based chart image generation from user-supplied JavaScript.
Google Docs Editors A productivity office suite with document collaboration and publishing capabilities.
Google Drawings A diagramming software.
Google Drive A file hosting service with synchronisation option; tightly integrated with Google Docs Editors.
Google Forms A survey software.
Google Keep A note-taking service.
Google Sheets A spreadsheet editing software.
Google Slides A presentation editing software.
Google Tasks A task management service.
Google Translate A service that allows carrying out machine translation of any text or web page between pairs of languages.
NotebookLM A research and note-taking online tool.
Map-related products
Google Earth A virtual 3D globe that uses satellite imagery, aerial photography, GIS from Google's repository.
Google Maps A mapping service that indexes streets and displays satellite and street-level imagery, providing directions and local business search.
Google My Maps A social custom map making tool based on Google Maps.
Google Santa Tracker Simulates tracking Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.
Google Street View Provides interactive panoramas from positions along many streets in the world.
Statistical tools
Google Activity Report A monthly report, including statistics about a user's Google usage, such as sign-in, third party authentication changes, Gmail usage, calendar, search history and YouTube activity.
Google Analytics A web analytics service that tracks and reports website traffic and also mobile app traffic and events, currently as a platform inside the Google Marketing Platform brand.
Google Ngram Viewer A search engine that charts year-by-year frequencies of any set of comma-delimited strings in Google's text corpora.
Google Public Data Explorer A public data and forecasts from international organizations and academic institutions, including the World Bank, OECD, Eurostat and the University of Denver.
Google Trends An online tool for analyzing the popularity of top search queries in Google Search, across various regions and languages. Graphs compare the search volume of different queries over a certain period of time.
Looker Studio An online tool for converting data into customizable informative reports and dashboards.
TensorFlow A machine learning service that simplifies designing neural networks in an easier and more visible fashion.
Business-oriented products
Google Business Profile A listing service that allows business owners to create and verify their own business data including address, phone number, business category and photos.
Google Workspace A suite of web applications for businesses, education providers and nonprofits that include customizable versions of several Google products, accessible through a custom domain name.
Google Opal A No-code development tool designed to help users build AI-powered applications with ease. It simplifies the app creation process by allowing users to integrate large language models without writing a single line of code, making AI more accessible to non-developers and domain experts alike.[1]
Healthcare related products
Google ARDA project An AI tool to help doctors detect retinal disease.
Google Care Studio A tool for clinicians to search, browse and see highlights, across a patient's broader electronic health record.
Google Fit A health-tracking platform.
Health Connect An Android platform, which helps health and fitness apps to use the same on-device data, within a unified ecosystem.[2]

Developer tools

[edit]
Product Description
Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) An open-source project and service to accelerate content on mobile devices. Provides a JavaScript library for developers and restricts the use of third-party JS.[3][4][5]
ARCore A software development kit for augmented reality applications.
Google App Engine Write and run web applications.
Google Developers Open source code and lists of API services. Provided project hosting for free and open source software until 2016.
Material Design A design language created in 2014, that focuses on creating user interfaces with a consistent visual language.
Dart A structured web programming language.
Flutter A mobile cross-platform development tool for Android and iOS.
Go A compiled, concurrent programming language.
OpenSocial APIs for building social applications on many websites.
Google PageSpeed Tools Optimize webpage performance.
Google Web Toolkit An open source Java software development framework that allows web developers to create Ajax applications in Java.
Google Search Console A web service that helps website owners, webmasters, and SEO professionals monitor and maintain a site's presence in Google Search results.
GN Meta-build system generating Ninja build configurations. Replaced GYP in Chromium.[6]
Gerrit A code collaboration tool.
Googletest Testing framework in C++.[7]
Bazel A build system.
FlatBuffers A serialization library.
Protocol Buffers A serialization library similar to FlatBuffers.
Shaderc Tools and library for compiling HLSL or GLSL into SPIRV.
American fuzzy lop A security-oriented fuzzer.
Google Guava Core libraries for Java.
Google Closure Tools JavaScript tools.
Google Colaboratory Write Python code using a Jupyter notebook.
Security Tools
reCAPTCHA A user-dialogue system used to prevent bots from accessing websites.
Google Safe Browsing A blacklist service for web resources that contain malware or phishing content.
Titan A security hardware chip.[8][9]
Titan Security Key A U2F security token.[10]
Titan M Used in Pixel smartphones starting with the Pixel 3.[11]
Titan M2 Successor starting with the Pixel 6 based on RISC-V.[12]
Titan C Used in Google-made Chromebooks such as the Pixel Slate.[13]

Operating systems

[edit]
Product Description
Android A Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance.
Android Auto A version of Android optimized for automobiles, offering enhanced connectivity and in-car experience.
Android TV A version of Android tailored for smart TVs, offering apps, games, and content streaming.
ChromeOS A Linux-based operating system designed for web applications and lightweight devices.[14]
ChromiumOS A free and open-source Linux-based operating system designed for web applications and browsing the World Wide Web.
Fitbit OS An operating system developed for Fitbit devices.
Fuchsia An operating system based on the Zircon kernel.
Google Cast A version of Google Cast powering some Google Nest devices.
Wear OS A version of Android designed for smartwatches and other wearable items.

Desktop applications

[edit]
Product Description
Android Studio An integrated development environment (IDE) designed for Android app development.
Chrome Remote Desktop A desktop and browser application enabling users to remotely access another Windows, Mac, or Linux system.
Chromium Free and open-source web browser primarily developed and maintained by Google.
Google Ads Editor A desktop application to manage Google Ads accounts; enables users to make campaign changes offline before synchronizing with the online service.
Google Chrome A popular web browser developed by Google.
Google Drive for desktop A desktop application for synchronizing files between a user’s computer and Google Drive.
Google Earth Pro A desktop application with advanced features for visualizing and analyzing geospatial data, including GIS data import/export, high-resolution satellite imagery, and historical imagery.
Google IME An input method editor allowing users to enter text in supported languages using a Roman keyboard.[15]
Google Japanese Input A Japanese input method editor.
Google Trends Screensaver A screensaver for macOS displaying the latest Google Trends in a customizable, colorful grid.
Google Web Designer A WYSIWYG editor for creating rich HTML5 pages and ads optimized for various devices.
Tilt Brush A virtual reality painting application designed for the Vive and Oculus Rift.

Other

[edit]
Product Description
Jigsaw Google Jigsaw is a technology incubator that develops tools and strategies to address global security challenges, including combating online harassment, disinformation, and censorship, while promoting digital safety and open access to information.

Mobile applications

[edit]

Hardware

[edit]

Devices

[edit]
Product Description
Nexus One 3.7" phone running Android 2.3 "Gingerbread"
Nexus S 4" phone running Android 4.1 "Jelly Bean"
Nest Learning Thermostat (first generation) Smart thermostat
Galaxy Nexus 4.7" phone running Android 4.3 "Jelly Bean"
Nexus Q Media streaming entertainment device in the Google Nexus product family
Nexus 7 (2012) 7" tablet running Android 5.1 "Lollipop"
Nexus 10 10" tablet running Android 5.1 "Lollipop"
Nest Learning Thermostat (second generation) Smart thermostat
Nexus 4 4.7" phone running Android 5.1 "Lollipop"
Chromebook Pixel (2013) Laptop running ChromeOS
Nexus 7 (2013) 7" tablet running Android 6.0 "Marshmallow"
Nexus 5 4.95" phone running Android 6.0 "Marshmallow"
Nest Protect (first generation) Smoke alarm
Nexus 6 5.96" phone running Android 7.1.1 "Nougat"[16]
Nexus 9 9" tablet running Android 7.1 "Nougat"
Nexus Player Streaming media player running Android 8.0 "Oreo"
Chromebook Pixel (2015) Laptop running ChromeOS
Nest Cam Indoor Security camera
Nest Protect (second generation) Smoke alarm
Nest Learning Thermostat (third generation) Smart thermostat
Nexus 5X 5" phone running Android 8.1 "Oreo"
Nexus 6P 5.7" phone running Android 8.1 "Oreo"
Pixel C 10.2" convertible tablet running Android 8.1 "Oreo"
Nest Cam Outdoor Security camera
Pixel 5" smartphone running Android 10
Pixel XL 5.5" smartphone running Android 10
Daydream View (first generation) Virtual reality headset for smartphones
Google Home Smart speaker
Google Wifi Wireless router
Nest Cam IQ Indoor Security camera
Nest Thermostat E Smart thermostat
Nest Hello Smart video doorbell
Nest Cam IQ Outdoor Security camera
Nest × Yale Smart lock
Pixel 2 5" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel 2 XL 6" smartphone running Android 11
Daydream View (second generation) Virtual reality headset for smartphones
Home Mini Smart speaker
Home Max Smart speaker
Pixel Buds (first generation) Wireless earbuds
Pixelbook Laptop running ChromeOS
Pixel 3 5.5" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel 3 XL 6.3" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel Slate 2-in-1 PC running ChromeOS
Pixel Stand Wireless charger
Nest Hub Smart display
Stadia Controller Gaming controller for Stadia
Pixel 3a 5.6" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel 3a XL 6" smartphone running Android 11
Nest Hub Max Smart display
Pixel 4 5.7" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel 4 XL 6.3" smartphone running Android 11
Pixelbook Go Laptop running ChromeOS
Nest Mini Smart speaker
Nest Wifi Wireless router
Pixel Buds (second generation) Wireless earbuds
Pixel 4a 5.8" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel 4a (5G) 6.2" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel 5 6" smartphone running Android 11
Nest Audio Smart speaker
Nest Thermostat Smart thermostat
Pixel Buds A-Series Wireless earbuds
Pixel 5a 6.3" smartphone running Android 11
Pixel 6 6.4" smartphone running Android 12
Pixel 6 Pro 6.7" smartphone running Android 12
Pixel 6a 6.1" smartphone running Android 12
Pixel 7 6.3" smartphone running Android 13
Pixel 7 Pro 6.7" smartphone running Android 13
Pixel Watch Smartwatch
Pixel Tablet Tablet
Pixel 7a 6.1" smartphone running Android 13
Pixel Fold Foldable smartphone
Pixel 8 6.2" smartphone running Android 14
Pixel 8 Pro 6.7" smartphones running Android 14
Pixel Watch 2 Smartwatch
Pixel 8a 6.1" smartphone running Android 14
Pixel 9 6.3" smartphone running Android 14
Pixel 9 Pro 6.3" smartphone running Android 14
Pixel 9 Pro XL 6.8" smartphone running Android 14
Pixel 9 Pro Fold Foldable smartphone running Android 14
Pixel 10 6.3" smartphone running Android 16
Pixel 10 Pro 6.3" smartphone running Android 16
Pixel 10 Pro XL 6.8" smartphone running Android 16
Pixel 10 Pro Fold Foldable smartphone running Android 16
Pixel Watch 3 Smartwatch
Pixel Buds Pro 2 Wireless earbuds

Processors

[edit]

Services

[edit]
Service Description
Google Cast A platform to display entertainment and apps from a phone, tablet, or laptop directly on a TV or speakers.[17]
Google Cloud Platform A modular cloud-based service for software development.
Google Crisis Response A public project covering disasters, turmoils, and other emergencies with alerts.
Google Firebase A real-time database providing an API for developers to store and sync data across multiple clients.
Google Fi Wireless A MVNO offering simple plans and pricing.
Google Get Your Business Online Aims to increase the web presence of small businesses and cities, offering advice on search engine optimization and maintaining updated business profiles.[18]
Google Pay A digital wallet platform and online payment system.
Google Person Finder An open-source tool to help people reconnect with others after a disaster.
Google Public DNS A publicly accessible DNS server.
YouTube TV An over-the-top internet television service offering live TV.

Scheduled to be discontinued

[edit]

Applications that are no longer in development and scheduled to be discontinued in the future:

2026

[edit]
  • Google Fit API – Will become deprecated.[19]

2025

[edit]
  • Google Assistant – After continuously removing many features from Assistant since 2023 to focus more on Gemini, Google Assistant has finally been scheduled to be retired for mobile, tablets, smartwatches, headphones and cars by the end of 2025. These devices will have Google Assistant replaced by Google Gemini in the future. Additionally, Google also recommends using Routines as an alternative to Assistant. However the future of products such as the Google Home and Google Nest remain uncertain.[3][4]
  • Google Tables – A business workflow automation tool. Will be discontinued on December 16, 2025.[20]

Discontinued products and services

[edit]

Google has retired many offerings, either because of obsolescence, integration into other Google products, or lack of interest.[21] Google's discontinued offerings are colloquially referred to as Google Graveyard.[22][23]

2025

[edit]

2024

[edit]
  • Jamboard – Discontinued on December 31.[26]
  • Stack – An app that allowed users to scan and organize documents and receipts on their mobile devices. Shut down on September 23.[27]Users were advised to switch to Google Drive's built-in document scanning features instead.
  • Google Mars – Website that offered an imagery of Mars, using the Google Maps interface. Discontinued in August. Replaced by Google Maps in Space and Google Earth Pro.[28][29]
  • Google Moon – Website that offered a NASA imagery of the moon, using the Google Maps interface. Discontinued in August. Replaced by Google Maps in Space and Google Earth Pro.[30][29]
  • Google Sky – Website that offered the view of planets, stars and galaxies. Discontinued in August. Replaced by Google Maps in Space and Google Earth Pro.[31][29]
  • Chromecast – Discontinued on August 6[32] and replaced by Google TV Streamer.[33]
  • VPN by Google One – Shut down on June 20, citing low usage.[34]
  • Google Pay (for US only) – Payment app developed by Google. Shut down on June 4 and replaced by Google Wallet.[35]
  • People Cards – New profiles couldn't be created after April 7, but gave users the option to download or save content, until they were removed the following month. Google cited that the feature wasn't that useful, as they intended it to be.[36]
  • Dropcam – Shut down on April 8.[37]
  • Nest Secure – Pulled from Google Store in October 2020. Shut down on April 8.[37]
  • Google Podcasts – Shut down on April 2 and replaced by YouTube Music.[38]
  • Keen – Shut down on March 24 and the website is no longer accessible.[39]
  • Google Search's Cache link – Discontinued in February as it was no longer necessary due to improved internet reliability.[40]
  • Google Earth View – Website with a collection of satellite-captured wallpapers and Chromecast backgrounds. Shut down in mid-January.[41]
  • Basic HTML View on Gmail – Discontinued in January.[42]

2023

[edit]
  • Google Optimize – Freemium web analytics and testing tool. Shut down on September 30.[43][44]
  • Google Glass (Enterprise Edition) – wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display and camera that allows the wearer to interact with various applications and the Internet via natural language voice commands. Discontinued on September 15.[45]
  • Google Duo – Free high quality video calling service for mobiles and desktops.
  • Google Domains – Shut down on September 7 after migrating to Squarespace.[46]
  • Google Pixel Pass – Discontinued on August 29.[47]
  • Google Cloud IoT Core Service – Shut down on August 16.[48]
  • Google Album Archive – Discontinued on July 19.[49]
  • Google Code Competitions – Discontinued on July 1.
  • Google Universal Analytics – Shut down on July 1 and replaced by Google Analytics 4.[50]
  • Conversational Actions – Extended the functionality of Google Assistant by allowing 3rd party developers to create custom experiences, or conversations, for users of Google Assistant. Shut down in June.
  • Grasshopper – Shut down on June 15.[51]
  • Google Now Launcher – Discontinued in May.[52]
  • Jacquard – Shut down in April 24.
  • Google Currents – internal enterprise communication tool, formerly Google+ for G Suite. Shut down on March, with users migrated to Spaces in Google Chat.[53]
  • Google Street View (standalone app) – Shut down on March 21.[54] The Street View Studio app and the ability to use Street View in the main Google Maps app, rendered the Street View app redundant, however it is now required to purchase a 360 camera to contribute to Street View, as the app allowed you to create photospheres with any supported smartphone camera. The "Photo Paths" feature, which allowed any smartphone to create a 2D capture of any road not yet covered by Street View was completely removed, requiring users to either purchase a 360 camera or migrate to a third-party service such as Mapillary.[55]
  • Stadia – Shut down on January 18.[56][57]

2022

[edit]
  • YouTube Originals – discontinued on December 31.[58]
  • Google OnHub – stopped receiving support on December 19.[59]
  • Google Hangouts – discontinued on November 1, after migrating all users to Google Chat.[60][61][62]
  • Google Surveys – Market research tool. Discontinued on November 1.[63][64]
  • YouTube for Wii U – Shut down in October.[65]
  • YouTube Go – An app aimed at making YouTube easier to access on mobile devices in emerging markets through special features like downloading video on WiFi for viewing later. It was shut down in August.[66]
  • Google My Business – An app that allowed businesses to manage their Google Maps Business profiles. It was shut down in July.[67][68]
  • Android Auto for phone screens – An app that allowed the screen of the phone to be used as an Android Auto interface while driving, intended for vehicles that did not have a compatible screen built in. It was shut down in July.[69][70]
  • Kormo Jobs – A service that allowed users in primarily India, Indonesia, and Bangladesh to help them find jobs nearby that match their skills and interests. It was shut down on June 30.[71][72]
  • G Suite (Legacy Free Edition) – A free tier offering some of the services included in Google's productivity suite. Discontinued on June 27.[73][74][75]
  • Google Chrome Apps – Apps hosted or packaged web applications that ran on the Google Chrome browser. Support for Windows and other Operating systems dropped in June and shut down on ChromeOS in January 2025. For ChromeOS devices enrolled in the LTS channel, Chrome apps will be supported until October 2028.[76]
  • Google Assistant Snapshot – The successor to Google Now that provided predictive cards with information and daily updates in the Google app for Android and iOS.
  • Cameos on Google – Cameos allowed celebrities, models and public figures to record video-based Q&A. Shut down on February 16.[23]
  • Android Things – A part of Google Internet of Things (IoT). Shut down on January 5.[77]

2021

[edit]
  • AngularJS – Open source web application framework. Shut down on December 31.[78]
  • Google Clips – a miniature clip-on camera device. Pulled from Google Store on October 15, 2019.[79] Discontinued on December 31.[80]
  • Google Toolbar – web browser toolbar with features such as a Google Search box, pop-up blocker and ability for website owners to create buttons. Shut down on December 12.[81]
  • My Maps – an Android app that enabled users to create custom maps for personal use or sharing on their mobile device. Shut down on October 15[82] and users were asked to migrate to the mobile web version of the app.
  • Backup and Sync – Desktop software that synchronized files between a user’s computer and Google Drive. Discontinued on October 1. Replaced by Google Drive for desktop.[83][84][85]
  • Google Bookmarks – Online bookmarking service. Discontinued on September 30.[86]
  • Tour Builder – allowed users to create and share interactive tours inside Google Earth. Shut down in July, replaced by new creation tools in Google Earth.[87]
  • Poly – a service to browse, share and download 3D models.[88] Shut down on June 30.
  • Google Expeditionsvirtual reality (VR) platform designed for educational institutions. Discontinued on June 30. The majority of Expedition's tours were migrated to Google Arts & Culture.[89]
  • Tour Creator – allowed users to create immersive, 360° guided tours in the Expeditions app that could be viewed with VR devices. Shut down on June 30.[90][91]
  • Timely – an Android app that provided alarm, stopwatch and timer functions with synchronization across devices. Timely servers were shut down on May 31.[87]
  • Google Go Links – a URL shortening service that also supported custom domain for customers of Google Workspace. Discontinued on April 1.[87]
  • Google Public Alerts – an online notification service that sent safety alerts to various countries. Shut down on March 31 and functions moved to Google Search and Google Maps.[87]
  • Google Crisis Map – a service that visualized crisis and weather-related data. Shut down March 30. Improvements to Google Search and Maps rendered this service redundant.[92]
  • Google App Maker – allowed users to develop apps for businesses. Shut down on January 19[93] due to Google's acquisition of AppSheet.

2020

[edit]
  • Google Cloud Print – a cloud-based printing solution that has been in beta since 2010. Discontinued on December 31.[94][95]
  • Google Play Music – Google's music streaming service. Discontinued on December 3 and replaced by YouTube Music and Google Podcasts.[96][97]
  • Google Station – service that allowed users to Spread Wi-Fi hotspots. Shut down on September 30.[98]
  • Hire by Google – applicant tracking system and recruiting software. Shut down on September 1.[99][100]
  • Password Checkup – an extension that warned of breached third-party logins. Shut down in July after it had been integrated with Chrome.[101]
  • Google Photos Print – a subscription service that automatically selected the best ten photos from the last thirty days which were mailed to users' homes. Shut down in June.[102]
  • Shoelace – an app used to find group activities with others who share your interests. Shut down in May.[103]
  • Neighbourly – an experimental mobile app designed to help you learn about your neighborhood by asking other residents. Shut down on May 12.[104]
  • Fabric – modular SDK platform launched by Crashlytics in 2014. Google acquired Crashlytics in 2017 and announced plans to migrate all of its features to Firebase. It was shut down on May 4.[105]
  • Material Theme Editor – plugin for Sketch app which allowed you to create a material-based design system for your app. Discontinued in March.[106]
  • YouTube For Wii U Browser [107]
  • Fiber TV – an IPTV service bundled with Google Fiber. Discontinued on February 4.[108]
  • One Today – an app that allowed users to donate $1 to different organizations and discover how their donation would be used. Discontinued in January.[109]
  • Androidify – allowed users to create a custom Android avatar. Discontinued in January.[110]

2019

[edit]
  • YouTube Annotations – annotations that were displayed over videos on YouTube. On January 15, all existing annotations were removed from YouTube.[111]
  • Google Pinyin – Discontinued in March.
  • Mr. Jingles – Google's notifications widget. Discontinued on March 7.[112]
  • Google Tasks canvas – A full-screen interface of Google Tasks that was discontinued in April.[113][114]
  • Google Allo – Google's instant messaging app. Discontinued on March 12.[115]
  • Google Image Charts – a chart-making service that provided images of rendered chart data, accessed with REST calls. The service was deprecated in 2012, temporarily disabled in February 2019 and discontinued on March 18, 2019.[116][117]
  • Inbox by Gmail – an email application for Android, iOS, and web platform that organized and automated to-do lists using email content. As of April 2, accessing the Inbox subdomain redirects to Gmail proper.[118]
  • Google+ – The consumer edition of Google's social media platform. As of April 2, users receive a message stating that "Google+ is no longer available for consumer (personal) and brand accounts".[119][120]
  • Google Jump – cloud-based video stitching service. Discontinued June 28.[121]
  • Works with Nest – the smart home platform of Google brand Nest.[122] Users were asked to migrate to the Google Assistant platform.[123] Support ended on August 31.[124]
  • YouTube for Nintendo 3DS – official app for Nintendo 3DS. Discontinued on September 3.[125]
  • YouTube Messages – direct messages on YouTube – discontinued after September 18.[126]
  • YouTube Leanback – a web application for control with a remote, intended for use with smart TVs and other similar devices. Discontinued on October 2.[127]
  • Google Daydream View – Google's VR headset (first-gen in late 2016, second-gen in late 2017) was discontinued just after their "Made by Google" event in October The Google Daydream platform itself is being retired as well.[128]
  • Touring Bird – Travel website which facilitated booking tours, tickets and activities in top locations. The service was shut down on November 17.[129]
  • Google Bulletin – "Hyperlocal" news service which allowed users to post news from their neighborhood. It was shut down on November 22.[130]
  • Google Fusion Tables – A service for managing and visualizing data. The service was shut down on December 3.[131]
  • Google Translator Toolkit – An online computer-assisted translation tool designed to allow translators to edit the translations that are automatically generated by Google Translate. It was shut down on December 4, citing declining usage and the availability of other similar tools.[132]
  • Google Correlate – finds search patterns which correspond with real-world trends. It was shut down on December 15, as a result of low usage.[133]
  • Google Search Appliance – A rack mounted device used to index documents. Hardware sales ended in 2017 and initial shutdown occurred in 2018;[134] and was ultimately shut down on December 31, 2019.[135]
  • Google Native Client (NaCL/PNaCl) – sandboxing technology for running a subset of native code. It was discontinued on December 31.
  • Datally – Lets users save mobile data. Removed from Play Store in October.[136]
  • Build with Chrome – an initiative between Lego and Google to build the world using Lego.[137] It was discontinued in March.
  • Google Game Builder – A prototype program that could develop video games in real time and was released on Steam for Windows and MacOS.[138] It used card-based virtual programming and could import models from Google Poly.[139] The source code was released for free on GitHub.[140]

2018

[edit]
  • Blogger Web Comments (Firefox only) – displays related comments from other Blogger users.
  • City Tours – overlay to Maps that shows interesting tours within a city.
  • Dashboard Widgets for Mac (Mac OS X Dashboard Widgets) – suite of mini-applications including Gmail, Blogger and Search History.
  • Joga Bonito – soccer community site.
  • Local – Local listings service, merged with Google Maps.
  • MK-14 – 4U rack-mounted server for Google Radio Automation system. Google sold its Google Radio Automation business to WideOrbit Inc.[141]
  • Google Music Trends – music ranking of songs played with iTunes, Winamp, Windows Media Player and Yahoo Music. Trends were generated by Google Talk's "share your music status" feature.
  • Google Personalized Search – search results personalization, merged with Google Accounts and Web History.
  • Photos Screensaver – slideshow screensaver as part of Google Pack, which displays images sourced from a hard disk, or through RSS and Atom Web feeds.
  • Rebang (Google China) – search trend site, similar to Google Zeitgeist. As of 2010, part of Google Labs.[142]
  • Spreadsheets – spreadsheet management application, before it was integrated with Writely to form Google Docs & Spreadsheets.
  • University Search – search engine listing for university websites.
  • U.S. Government Search – search engine and personalized homepage that exclusively draws from sites with a .gov TLD. Discontinued June 2006.
  • Video Player – view videos from Google Video.
  • Voice Search – automated voice system for web search using the telephone. Became Google Voice Local Search and integrated on the Google Mobile web site.
  • Google X – redesigned Google search homepage. It appeared in Google Labs, but disappeared the following day for undisclosed reasons.[143]
  • Accessible Search – search engine for the visually impaired.
  • Quick Search Box – search box, based on Quicksilver, easing access to installed applications and online searches.
  • Visigami – image search application screen saver that searches files from Google Images, Picasa and Flickr.
  • Wireless accessVPN client for Google WiFi users, whose equipment does not support WPA or 802.1X protocols.
  • Google Play Newsstand – News publication and magazine store. Replaced by Google News on May 15, removed from Google Play on November 5, and magazines were no longer available on Google News since January 2020.
  • Google News & Weather – News publication app. Merged by Google News on May 15.
  • Google global market finder.
  • QPX Express API – flight search API.[144]
  • Google Contact Lens – was a smart contact lens project capable of monitoring the user's glucose level in tears. On November 16, Verily announced it has discontinued the project because of the lack of correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose.[145]

2017

[edit]
  • Google Gesture Search – Gesture search is a software that draws letters composed of the name of a program, contact or setting, it can find the latter
  • Google Nexus – Smartphone lineup, replaced by Google Pixel on October 4.
  • Trendalyzer – data trend viewing platform. Discontinued in September.[146]
  • Google Swiffy – convert Adobe Flash files (SWF) into HTML5. Discontinued on July 1.
  • Glass OS – an operating system for Google Glass. Discontinued on June 20.[147]
  • Google Spaces – group discussions and messaging. Discontinued on April 17.[148]
  • Google Map Maker – map editor with browser interface. Discontinued on April 1, replaced by Google Maps and Google Local Guides.
  • Google Hands Free – retail checkout without using your phone or watch. Pilot started in the Bay area March 2016, but discontinued on February 8.[149]
  • Google Maps Engine – develop geospatial applications. Discontinued on February 1.
  • Free Search – embed site/web search into a user's website. Replaced by Google Custom Search.[150]
  • Google Maps for PS Vita – version of Google maps for the PS Vita, discontinued in January 2015, "Sony pulls support for Vita's Maps, YouTube apps". Engadget. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
  • YouTube for PS Vita – discontinued in January 2015, "Sony pulls support for Vita's Maps, YouTube apps". Engadget. Retrieved July 4, 2024.

2016

[edit]
  • Google Code – Open source code hosting. Discontinued on January 25 and renamed to Google Developers.[151]
  • Picasa – photo organization and editing application. Closed March 15 and replaced by Google Photos.[152]
  • Google Compare – comparison-shopping site for auto insurance, credit cards and mortgages[153]
  • Google Showtimes – movie showtime search engine. Discontinued on November 1.[154]
  • MyTracks – GPS logging. Shut down April 30.[155]
  • Project Ara – an "initiative to build a phone with interchangeable modules for various components like cameras and batteries"[156] was suspended to "streamline the company's seemingly disorganized product lineup".[157] on September 2.
  • Panoramiogeolocation-oriented photo sharing website. Discontinued on November 4.[158] Google's Local Guides program as well as photo upload tools in Google Maps rendered Panoramio redundant.
  • Google Feed API – download public Atom or RSS feeds using JavaScript. Deactivated on December 15.[159]

2015

[edit]
  • Wildfire by Google – social media marketing software[160]
  • Google Earth Plugin – an application service used to customize Google Earth. Discontinued on December 15.
  • Google Flu Trends – a web service to help predict outbreaks of flu activity. Discontinued on August 9.[161]
  • Google Moderator – rank user-submitted questions, suggestions and ideas via crowdsourcing.[162] Discontinued on June 30.
  • Google Helpouts – Hangout-based live video chat with experts. Discontinued on April 20.[163]
  • Google Earth Enterprise – Google Earth for enterprise use. Discontinued on March 20.
  • BebaPay – prepaid ticket payment system. Discontinued on March 15.[164]
  • Google Glass (Consumer Edition) – wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display and camera that allows the wearer to interact with various applications and the Internet via natural language voice commands. Discontinued on January 19.[165]
  • Speak To Tweet – telephone service created in 2011 in collaboration with Twitter and SayNow allowing users to phone a specific number and leave a voicemail; a tweet was automatically posted on X. Discontinued sometime during 2015.[citation needed]

2014

[edit]
  • Freebase – an open, Creative Commons, attribution licensed collection of structured data, and a Freebase platform for accessing and manipulating that data via the Freebase API. Discontinued on December 16.
  • Google Questions and Answers – community-driven knowledge market website. Discontinued on December 1.[166][167]
  • Orkut – social networking website. Discontinued on September 30.
  • Google's "discussion search" option. Discontinued in July.[168]
  • Quickoffice – productivity suite for mobile devices. Discontinued in June, merged into Google Drive.
  • Google TV – smart TV platform based on Android. Discontinued and replaced by Android TV in June.
  • Google Offers – service offering discounts and coupons. Shut down on March 31.
  • Google Chrome Frame – plugin for Internet Explorer that allowed web pages to be viewed using WebKit and the V8 JavaScript engine. Discontinued on February 25.
  • Google Schemer – social search to find local activities. Discontinued on February 7.
  • YouTube My Speed – Discontinued in January, replaced by Google Video Quality Report.
  • Google Notifier – alerted users to new messages in their Gmail account. Discontinued on January 31.[169]

2013

[edit]
  • My Maps, GIS tools for Google Maps.
  • Google Currents – Magazine app. Merged into Google Play Newsstand on November 20.
  • Google Checkout – online payment processing service, aimed at simplifying the process of paying for online purchases. Discontinued on November 20, merged into Google Wallet.
  • iGoogle – customisable homepage, which can contain web feeds and Google Gadgets. Discontinued on November 1.[170]
  • Google Latitude – mobile geolocation tool that lets friends know where users are. Discontinued on August 9, with some functionality moved to Google+.[171]
  • Google Reader – web-based news aggregator, capable of reading Atom and RSS feeds. Discontinued on July 1.[172]
  • Meebo – A social networking website discontinued on June 6.
  • Google Building Maker – web-based building and editing tool to create 3D buildings for Google Earth. Discontinued on June 4.
  • Google Talk – instant messaging service that provided both text and voice communication. Replaced May 15 by Google Hangouts. The service was discontinued by 2017 on all platforms.
  • SMS Search – mobile phone short message service. Discontinued on May 10.[173]
  • Google Cloud ConnectMicrosoft Office plugin for automatically backing up Office documents upon saving onto Google Docs. Discontinued on April 30, in favor of Google Drive.[172]
  • Picnik – online photo editor. Discontinued on April 19,[174] and moved to Google+ photo manager.
  • Google Calendar Sync – sync Microsoft Outlook email and calendar with Gmail and Google Calendar. Synchronization for existing installations stopped on August 1. Replaced with Google Sync, which does not synchronize Outlook calendars, but can sync email using IMAP or POP3. Also, Google Apps for Business, Education, and Government customers can use Google Apps Sync for Microsoft Outlook.[175]

2012

[edit]
  • Picasa Web Albums Uploader – upload images to the "Picasa Web Albums" service. It consisted of an iPhoto plug-in and a stand-alone application.[176]
  • Google Chart API – interactive Web-based chart image generator, deprecated in 2012 with service commitment to 2015 and turned off in 2019. Google promotes JavaScript-based Google Charts as a replacement, which is not backwards-compatible with the Google Chart API's HTTP methods.
  • Google Apps Standard Edition – Discontinued on December 6.[177]
  • Nexus Qdigital media player – Discontinued in November.
  • Google Refine – data cleansing and processing. It was spun off from Google on October 2, becoming open source; it is now OpenRefine.
  • TV Ads – Method to place advertising on TV networks. Discontinued on August 30,[178] with all remaining active campaigns ending December 16.[179]
  • Knol – write authoritative articles related to various topics. Discontinued October 1.[180]
  • Yinyue (Music) (Google China) – site linking to a large archive of Chinese pop-music (principally Cantopop and Mandopop), including audio streaming over Google's own player, legal lyric downloads, and in most cases legal MP3 downloads. The archive was provided by Top100.cn (i.e., this service does not search the whole Internet) and was available in mainland China only. Discontinued in September, users were given the option to download playlists until October 19.[181]
  • Google Insights for Search – insights into Google search term usage. Discontinued September 27, merged in Google Trends.
  • Listen – subscribe to and stream podcasts and Web audio. Discontinued in August.[182]
  • BumpTop – physics-based desktop application. Discontinued in August.[183]
  • Google Video – a free video hosting service. Shut down and migrated to YouTube (which Google acquired in 2006) on August 20.[184]
  • Google Notebook – online note-taking and web-clipping application.[185] Discontinued in July.
  • Google Website Optimizer – testing and optimization tool. Discontinued on August 1.[186]
  • Google Mini – reduced capacity, lower-cost version of the Google Search Appliance. Discontinued on July 31.[187]
  • Google Wave – online communication and collaborative real-time editor tool that bridge email and chat. Support ended on April 30.[180]
  • Slide.com – Discontinued on March 6.[188]
  • Google Friend Connect – add social features to websites. Discontinued on March 1, replaced by Google+'s pages and off-site Page badges.[180]
  • Jaikusocial networking, microblogging and lifestreaming service comparable to Twitter. Shut down January 15.
  • Google Code Search – software search engine. Discontinued on January 15.[189]
  • Google Health – store, manage, and share personal health information in one place. Development ceased June 24, 2011; accessible until January 1, 2012; data available for download until January 1, 2013.

2011

[edit]
  • Google Buzz – social networking service integrated with Gmail allowing users to share content immediately and make conversations. Discontinued in December and replaced by Google+.[190]
  • Google Sidewiki – browser sidebar and service that allowed contributing and reading helpful information alongside any web page. Discontinued in December.
  • Gears – web browser features, enabling some new web applications. Removed from all platforms by November.
  • Squared – creates tables of information about a subject from unstructured data. Discontinued in September.
  • Aardvark – social search utility that allowed people to ask and answer questions within their social networks. It used people's claimed expertise to match 'askers' with good 'answerers'. Discontinued on September 30.
  • Google PowerMeter – view building energy consumption. Discontinued on September 16.
  • Desktopdesktop search application that indexed emails, documents, music, photos, chats, Web history and other files. Discontinued on September 14.
  • Google Fast Flip – online news aggregator. Discontinued September 6.
  • Google Pack – application suite. Discontinued on September 2.
  • Google Directory – collection of links arranged into hierarchical subcategories. The links and their categorization were from the Open Directory Project, sorted using PageRank. Discontinued on July 20.
  • Google Blog Searchweblog search engine. Discontinued in July.
  • Google Labs – test and demonstrate new Google products. Discontinued in July.
  • Image Swirl – an enhancement for an image-search tool in Google Labs. It was built on top of image search by grouping images with similar visual and semantic qualities. Shut down in July due to discontinuation of Google Labs.
  • Google Sets – generates a list of items when users enter a few examples. For example, entering "Green, Purple, Red" emits the list "Green, Purple, Red, Blue, Black, White, Brown". Discontinued mid-year.[191]
  • Directory – navigation directory, specifically for Chinese users.[192]
  • Hotpot – local recommendation engine that allowed people to rate restaurants, hotels etc. and share them with friends. Moved to Google Places service in April.[193]
  • Real Estate – place real estate listings in Google Maps. Discontinued February 10.[194]

2010

[edit]

2009

[edit]
  • Audio Ads – radio advertising program for US businesses. Discontinued on February 12.
  • Catalogs – search engine for over 6,600 print catalogs, acquired through optical character recognition. Discontinued in January.
  • Dodgeballsocial networking service. Users could text their location to the service, which would then notify them of nearby people or events of interest. Replaced by Google Latitude.
  • Google Mashup Editor – web mashup creation with publishing, syntax highlighting, debugging. Discontinued in July; migrated to Google App Engine.
  • Google Ride Finder – taxi and shuttle search service, using real time position of vehicles in 14 U.S. cities. Used the Google Maps interface and cooperated with any car service that wished to participate. Discontinued in October.
  • Shared Stuff – web page sharing system, incorporating a bookmarklet to share pages, and a page to view the most popular shared items. Pages could be shared through third-party applications such as Delicious or Facebook. Discontinued on March 30.

2008

[edit]
  • Google Lively – 3D animated chat. Discontinued December 31.[195]
  • SearchMash – search engine to "test innovative user interfaces". Discontinued on November 24.[196]
  • Google Page Creator – webpage publishing program that could be used to create pages and to host them on Google servers. Discontinued on September 9, with all existing content gradually transferring to Google Sites through 2009.
  • Send to Phone – send links and other information from Firefox to their phone by text message. Discontinued on August 28, replaced by Google Chrome to Phone.[134]
  • Google Browser Sync (Mozilla Firefox) – allowed Firefox users to synchronize settings across multiple computers. Discontinued in June.
  • Hello – send images across the Internet and publish them to blogs. Discontinued on May 15.[197]
  • Web Accelerator – increased load speed of web pages. No longer available for, or supported by, Google as of January 20.

2007

[edit]
  • Google Video Player – a video player that played back files in Google's own .gvi format and supported playlists in .gvp format. Shut down on August 17, 2007, due to Google's acquisition of YouTube.
  • Google Video Marketplace – discontinued on August 15.[198]
  • Google Click-to-Call – allowed a user to speak directly over the phone without charge to businesses found on Google search results pages. Discontinued on July 20.
  • Related Links – links to information related to a website's content. Discontinued on April 30.
  • Public Service Search – non-commercial organization service, which included Google Site Search, traffic reports and unlimited search queries. Discontinued on February 13, replaced by Google Custom Search.

2006

[edit]
  • Google Answers – online knowledge market that allowed users to post bounties for well-researched answers to their queries. Discontinued on November 28; still accessible (read-only).
  • Writely – web-based word processor. On October 10, Writely was merged into Google Docs & Spreadsheets.
  • Google Deskbar – desktop bar with a built-in mini browser. Replaced by a similar feature in Google Desktop. Discontinued May 8.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
The list of Google products enumerates the extensive portfolio of software, web services, hardware devices, and platforms developed and maintained by , a subsidiary of focused on internet-related technologies, including core consumer tools such as , , , and ; mobile and operating system offerings like Android; productivity suites including ; advertising platforms; and enterprise solutions via Google Cloud. This catalog highlights Google's evolution from a 1998-founded into a dominant provider, with products serving billions through integrated ecosystems emphasizing , data-driven features, and AI enhancements like Gemini. Multiple Google services, including Android and , exceed 2 billion monthly active users, underscoring their global reach and reliance on network effects for user retention and via and revenues. Defining characteristics include rapid iteration cycles, often leading to product discontinuations (known internally as "sunsetting"), alongside expansions into hardware like devices and AI-driven tools, though the lineup has drawn for practices market entrenchment, such as default integrations in Android and browser dominance with Chrome. The portfolio's breadth supports 's revenue model, where search and advertising form the foundation, supplemented by growth and experimental ventures under other Alphabet subsidiaries.

Active Products

Web-based Products

Google's web-based products primarily consist of online services accessible through web browsers, serving billions of users for search, communication, productivity, mapping, and content sharing. These offerings leverage Google's infrastructure for scalability and integration, often incorporating AI enhancements as of 2025, such as Gemini integration across services.
  • Google Search: Launched on September 4, 1998, this is Google's core search engine, utilizing algorithms like PageRank to index and retrieve web content based on relevance. It handles over 8.5 billion searches per day as of recent estimates.
  • Gmail: Introduced on April 1, 2004, provides web-based with integrated search capabilities and initially offered 1 GB of free storage—over 500 times the standard at the time—revolutionizing by treating messages as searchable data. It now supports advanced features like AI-powered smart replies.
  • YouTube: Acquired by in November 2006 after its founding in February 2005, is a video-sharing platform accessible via web, hosting over 2.5 billion monthly logged-in users who upload and stream petabytes of content daily.
  • Google Maps: Debuted in , this service offers interactive maps, , views, and location-based , integrating real-time and for global coverage.
  • Google Drive: Rolled out on April 24, 2012, Google Drive provides and , with 15 GB free tier, enabling seamless access to documents, spreadsheets, and presentations across devices.
  • Google Workspace (formerly G Suite): Encompassing web apps like Docs, Sheets, Slides, Forms, and Sites launched progressively from 2006 onward, this suite facilitates collaborative editing and productivity, with real-time co-authoring introduced in Docs in 2006.
  • Google Translate: First released in April 2006, this language translation service supports over 100 languages via web interface, employing since 2016 for improved accuracy.
  • Google Calendar: Launched on April 13, 2006, it offers web-based scheduling with event sharing, reminders, and integration with other services for time management.
  • Blogger: Acquired by in 2003 after its 1999 founding, Blogger is a for creating and hosting blogs with customizable templates and integration to services.
  • Gemini: Google's multimodal AI model family, accessible via web at gemini.google.com since its December 2023 preview, provides conversational assistance, code generation, and , evolving through versions like Gemini 1.5 by 2024.
These products often interconnect, such as embedding Search in Maps or AI in , enhancing user efficiency while raising concerns over data privacy and monopoly power in digital services.

Developer Tools

Google provides a suite of developer tools to support application development across web, mobile, Android, cloud infrastructure, and domains. These tools include integrated development environments (IDEs), software development kits (SDKs), utilities, and frameworks, often integrated with Google's broader ecosystem such as Google Cloud and Android. Many are open-source or freely available, emphasizing scalability and integration with Google's services. Android Studio serves as the official IDE for Android app development, offering features like code editing, UI builders, emulators, and performance profilers. First released in December 2014, it replaced the Eclipse-based Android Developer Tools and supports Kotlin and programming. Chrome DevTools comprises a set of built-in web debugging and inspection tools within the browser, enabling real-time code editing, network monitoring, and performance auditing. Introduced with Chrome in 2008, it supports debugging, CSS inspection, and accessibility testing via panels like Console, Sources, and Network. Firebase functions as a backend-as-a-service platform with developer tools for building mobile and web applications, including real-time , , cloud messaging, and . Launched in 2011 as Envolve and acquired by Google in 2014, it integrates with and provides SDKs for , web, and Unity. TensorFlow is an open-source framework for training and deploying models, supporting tasks like neural networks and . Developed by the team and released in November 2015, it includes libraries for TensorFlow Lite (for mobile/edge devices) and TensorFlow.js (for web browsers). Google Cloud SDK equips developers with command-line tools (gcloud CLI) and libraries to manage Google Cloud resources, deploy applications, and automate workflows. It encompasses components like App Engine tools and supports scripting in Python, , and other languages, with ongoing updates for integration with services like Cloud Build. Cloud Build offers a serverless platform for automating builds, tests, and deployments on Google Cloud, integrating with repositories like and Cloud Source Repositories. Publicly available since 2018, it uses containerized builds and supports custom workflows via configurations. Additional specialized tools include Gemini Code Assist, an AI-powered coding assistant for and generation within IDEs like VS Code and , launched in 2023 as part of Google's generative AI offerings. These tools collectively facilitate end-to-end development, from prototyping to production deployment, with emphasis on Google's -native architectures.

Operating Systems

Google's operating systems primarily target mobile devices and environments, with Android serving as the foundation for smartphones, tablets, and embedded systems, while Chrome OS powers lightweight laptops known as Chromebooks. Both are Linux-based but emphasize different paradigms: Android supports a vast ecosystem of native applications, whereas Chrome OS prioritizes web-centric functionality with automatic updates and integrated security. As of 2025, these remain Google's core active OS offerings, though reports indicate ongoing efforts to converge elements of Chrome OS with Android for unified device support. Android, first commercially released on September 23, 2008, with the (T-Mobile G1) smartphone running version 1.0, originated from Android Inc., founded in 2003 and acquired by in August 2005 for an undisclosed sum. Developed under the announced in November 2007, it is open-source (AOSP) and has evolved through over 15 major versions, incorporating features like gestures in Android 2.0 (2009) and in Android 5.0 (2014). By 2025, Android holds approximately 70-80% global smartphone market share, powering billions of devices via partnerships with manufacturers like Samsung and . Chrome OS, announced on November 19, 2009, as an operating system where "the web is your computer," derives from the open-source Chromium OS project and focuses on speed, security, and cloud storage via . The first stable devices shipped in July 2011, with the pilot Cr-48 distributed in December 2010 to developers and testers. It supports Android apps since 2016 (initially on select models) and Linux containers for desktop software, with automatic updates extending device lifespan up to 10 years. In 2022, Google introduced Chrome OS Flex, a variant for converting existing PCs to Chrome OS compatibility without hardware certification. As of October 2025, Chrome OS runs on over 100 million active devices, emphasizing enterprise and education markets with built-in AI features like Gemini integration. Google is also advancing Fuchsia, a capability-based OS distinct from Linux kernels, initiated around 2016 and open-sourced in 2018, currently deployed in smart displays like Nest Hub (version 16 as of 2025) for low-level system management. Unlike Android or Chrome OS, Fuchsia uses a microkernel (Zircon) for modularity across devices, but it remains in development without a consumer-facing release, serving as a potential successor or unifier amid merger discussions.

Desktop Applications

Google's desktop applications consist of native software clients designed for installation and execution on personal computers running Windows, macOS, or operating systems. These products emphasize core functionalities such as web browsing, cloud file synchronization, and advanced geospatial visualization, distinguishing them from web-based services or mobile apps. Unlike web-centric offerings, desktop applications provide offline capabilities and deeper system integration where applicable.
  • Google Chrome: Google Chrome is a free, open-source web browser that prioritizes speed, security, and simplicity through its multi-process architecture and V8 JavaScript engine. The first beta version for Windows was released on September 2, 2008, with stable releases following in December 2008 and support for macOS and Linux added in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It supports extensions via the Chrome Web Store and automatic updates to address vulnerabilities, holding a dominant market share exceeding 65% globally as of 2025.
  • Google Earth Pro: Google Earth Pro serves as the advanced desktop edition of the platform, enabling users to explore , import/export GIS data in formats like KML and shapefiles, and perform measurements of distances and areas. Originally developed from Keyhole's EarthViewer in 2001, the Pro version became freely available to all users in January 2015 after discontinued paid licensing, with version 7.3 released in 2017 as the standard desktop client. It runs on Windows, macOS, and , supporting historical imagery dating back decades and 3D terrain rendering.
  • Google Drive for desktop: Google Drive for desktop is a synchronization client that mounts Google Drive storage as a virtual file system on the local machine, allowing seamless access, editing, and backup of cloud files without full downloads. Introduced in July 2021 to replace the deprecated Backup and Sync and Drive File Stream apps, it supports streaming files on demand to save local storage and integrates with Google Workspace for team collaboration. Available for Windows and macOS, it requires a Google account and provides options for selective syncing and offline access to specific folders.

Mobile Applications

Google develops and maintains numerous mobile applications for Android and , distributed primarily through the Store and Apple App Store, focusing on search, productivity, communication, and media consumption. These apps often integrate with Google's cloud services for data synchronization across devices and emphasize features like AI enhancements via Gemini integration introduced in 2024. Google app: Serves as the primary mobile search interface, providing AI-powered summaries, the "Simplify" feature allowing users to select difficult text on webpages for plain-language explanations (iOS), , and personalized content feeds; available on both platforms since 2010 for Android and 2016 for iOS. Google Chrome: Mobile web browser offering tab syncing, password management, and incognito mode; launched for Android in 2012 and in 2012. Gmail: with integrated chat, spam filtering, and 15 GB free storage; Android version released in 2011, in 2012. Google Maps: Navigation and location service with real-time traffic, street view, and offline maps; initially launched for mobile in September 2008. YouTube: Video streaming platform supporting uploads, subscriptions, and ; mobile app debuted in 2009 for Android and 2012 for . Google Drive: and file-sharing app with 15 GB free tier and collaboration tools; released for Android in 2012 and in 2012. Google Photos: Photo management app featuring unlimited high-quality backups (pre-2019 policy) and AI editing; launched in 2015 for both platforms. Google Meet: Video conferencing tool succeeding Duo in 2022, supporting up to 100 participants; Android app from 2017, from 2017. Google Translate: Language translation app with camera and conversation modes for over 100 languages; initial mobile release in 2009. Google Keep: Note-taking app for lists, reminders, and voice memos with label organization; debuted in 2013 for Android and 2015 for . Google Calendar: Scheduling app with event sharing and integration to ; Android version from 2012, from 2012. Google Workspace mobile apps, such as Docs, Sheets, and Slides, enable document editing with real-time collaboration; Docs launched for mobile in 2011. These applications collectively serve over 2 billion monthly active users across platforms as of 2023, with ongoing updates emphasizing privacy controls and cross-device continuity.

Hardware Products

Google's hardware products primarily encompass smartphones, wearables, smart home devices, and streaming media players developed under its and Nest brands, with integration of acquired technology for fitness tracking. These offerings emphasize AI-driven features, such as on-device processing via Tensor chips in devices, and interoperability within the Google ecosystem. As of October 2025, active hardware focuses on launched through annual "Made by Google" events, with the 10 series representing the latest lineup introduced in 2025. The smartphone series includes the Pixel 10, Pixel 10 Pro, Pixel 10 Pro XL, and Pixel 10 Pro Fold models, all powered by the G5 chip for enhanced AI capabilities like Gemini Nano integration. The base Pixel 10 features a 6.3-inch Actua display with 1080 x 2424 resolution, 422 PPI, and 60-120Hz refresh rate, protected by Corning Victus 2. Higher-end models like the Pixel 10 Pro XL offer larger screens up to 6.8 inches and advanced camera systems with improved low-light performance. Pricing starts at approximately $799 for the Pixel 10, with the Pro Fold variant at $1,799, available in colors including Moonstone and Jade. Wearables under the Pixel brand consist of the smartwatch and earbuds, both announced alongside the Pixel 10 series. The integrates Fitbit's health tracking for metrics like and sleep analysis, running on with Gemini AI for proactive notifications. It features an upgraded processor for faster performance and extended battery life compared to prior generations. provide active noise cancellation and spatial audio, optimized for Android devices with seamless access. These devices emphasize ecosystem connectivity, such as automatic pairing with Pixel phones. Nest-branded smart home hardware includes thermostats (e.g., Nest Learning Thermostat), cameras and doorbells (Nest Cam series with improved image quality and AI alerts), speakers (Nest Audio and new Google Home Speaker for natural Gemini conversations), and displays (Nest Hub Max). These devices support protocol for broader compatibility and focus on energy efficiency and features like facial recognition. Recent updates in October 2025 introduced enhanced Nest Cams with better resolution and integration with Google Home for unified control. Fitbit trackers, acquired by in 2021 and integrated into its hardware portfolio, remain active with models like the Charge 6 for wrist-based fitness monitoring, including GPS, ECG, and EDA sensors for stress detection. These complement Watches by offering lighter, battery-efficient alternatives without full functionality. The Google TV Streamer (4K) serves as the current media streaming device, replacing older models with a faster processor, Ethernet port, and Google TV interface for 4K HDR content. It supports casting from Android/iOS and integrates with Nest for during viewing. Production of legacy dongles has ceased, with inventory depletion noted by early 2025.

Services

Google's services primarily consist of subscription-based and usage-driven offerings focused on cloud infrastructure, enterprise productivity, consumer storage, mobile connectivity, and digital payments, distinguishing them from consumer-facing web applications or hardware. These services generate significant revenue through tiered pricing models, with Google Cloud alone reporting over $10 billion in quarterly revenue as of early 2025. Google Cloud delivers scalable computing resources, including virtual machines via Compute Engine, object storage through , and AI/ML capabilities with tools like Vertex AI. Development began with the preview release of App Engine, a PaaS for web applications, in April 2008, followed by broader public availability of the platform in 2011 and the introduction of IaaS features like in May 2010. Google Workspace offers integrated communication and collaboration tools for businesses, encompassing email (), documents (Docs, Sheets, Slides), video conferencing (Meet), and calendaring, with administrative controls and security features. Originally launched as Google Apps for Your Domain on August 28, 2006, it was rebranded to G Suite in 2016 and to in October 2020 to emphasize intelligent, integrated experiences. Google One provides expanded cloud storage across Drive, Gmail, and Photos, along with family sharing, VPN access, and AI features like Gemini Advanced in higher tiers starting at 100 GB for $1.99 monthly. It was introduced on May 14, 2018, as a revamp of Google Drive's paid plans, automatically upgrading existing subscribers and expanding to include perks beyond storage. Google Fi operates as a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) utilizing T-Mobile, US Cellular, and Wi-Fi networks for flexible plans including unlimited data options, international roaming in over 200 countries, and device compatibility with Android and iOS. Launched on April 22, 2015, initially as Project Fi by invitation for Nexus 6 users, it opened to the public in March 2016 and rebranded to Google Fi in November 2018. Google Pay facilitates peer-to-peer transfers, online purchases, and contactless payments via NFC, integrated with Android devices and supported by tokenization for security. Evolving from (launched May 26, 2011) and Android Pay (September 11, 2015), it unified under the brand in August 2018; while the standalone US app was discontinued in June 2024, core payment functionalities persist through Google Wallet and integrated services.

Discontinued Products

Scheduled Discontinuations

Google Tables, a collaborative launched in September 2020 as part of Google's experimental incubator, is set to end support on December 16, 2025. Designed as a no-code tool for building custom databases, workflows, and project trackers similar to , it allowed users to create relational data structures with automation features but struggled with low adoption rates amid competition from established alternatives and internal Google offerings like and . Google has cited overlapping functionalities in its broader productivity suite as a key factor in the sunset decision, with all Tables workspaces placed in read-only mode since early September 2025 to facilitate data export. Prior to the discontinuation, Google recommends users migrate data via CSV exports or integrations to compatible services, including for basic spreadsheets or for advanced no-code apps, as Tables will cease all functionality including access and app syncing after the deadline. No refunds or extended support are planned, reflecting Google's pattern of pruning underperforming experimental projects to streamline resources. This shutdown affects primarily small teams and individual users who relied on its capabilities, with enterprise users urged to transition promptly to avoid data loss.

Recent Discontinuations (2020–2025)

Google discontinued Nest Secure, its home security system, on October 27, 2020, ceasing new sales while providing ongoing support for existing devices without further development or feature updates. In 2021, Google wound down Stadia Games & Entertainment (SG&E), its internal game development studios, on February 1, 2021, redirecting resources toward licensing Stadia's backend technology to other companies amid challenges in building a user base for cloud gaming. , the service launched in 2019, faced full shutdown on January 18, 2023, following an announcement on September 29, 2022, due to failure to gain sufficient subscribers despite investments exceeding $1 billion; Google issued refunds for hardware and game purchases. , the messaging platform, was discontinued on November 1, 2022, after years of migration efforts to , as part of consolidating communication tools within . In 2023, YouTube Stories, a short-form video feature for creators with fewer than 10,000 subscribers, ended on June 26, 2023, with Google prioritizing for vertical video content. Google Currents, an enterprise social intranet succeeding Google+ for Workspace users, shut down on July 5, 2023, transitioning communities to spaces to unify collaboration features. Universal Analytics, the web analytics tool, ceased processing data on July 1, 2023, replaced by 4 to better handle event-based measurement and privacy regulations like GDPR. Google Jamboard, a digital for Workspace, reached end-of-life on December 31, 2024, announced in 2023, with boards exportable to PDF or image formats; hardware devices lost cloud functionality, prompting shifts to alternatives like FigJam integration in . Google Podcasts, the dedicated app for discovering and subscribing to podcasts, was phased out by the end of 2024, with users directed to migrate libraries to for unified audio consumption. The Google Play Movies & TV brand and apps were retired on January 17, 2024, from devices and the web, though purchased content remains accessible via Google TV or , reflecting a to streamline media services. Production of streaming devices ended in 2024 after selling over 100 million units since 2013, with remaining stock available until depleted; Google shifted focus to Google TV Streamer hardware and software integrations. These discontinuations align with Google's pattern of sunsetting underutilized products to prioritize AI-driven and integrated services, often providing migration paths but drawing criticism for disrupting user workflows.

2010s Discontinuations

Google discontinued over 100 products and services during the 2010s, often citing low usage, strategic realignment toward core search and advertising businesses, or integration into other offerings like and . This period saw a pattern of sunsetting experimental ventures that failed to scale, such as social platforms and niche tools, amid rising focus on Android, , and AI. Key discontinuations included:
  • Google Wave: Launched in 2009 as a real-time , it was discontinued on January 30, 2010, after failing to attract widespread beyond early adopters, with open-sourced for potential .
  • Google Gears: A browser plugin for offline web apps introduced in 2007, retired in 2010 as standards rendered it obsolete.
  • Google Buzz: A social networking feature integrated into launched in 2010, shut down in December 2011 following privacy lawsuits and low engagement.
  • Google Desktop: Indexing software for personal computers from 2004, discontinued on September 14, 2011, as cloud-based search reduced demand for local tools.
  • Google Video: Video sharing service predating acquisition, fully phased out on April 2, 2012, with content migrated to .
  • Google Reader: Popular aggregator launched in 2005, terminated on July 1, 2013, due to declining RSS usage and Google's shift to social sharing via .
  • iGoogle: Customizable personalized homepage from 2005, ended on November 1, 2013, as modern browsers and mobile apps diminished need for portal-style interfaces.
  • Orkut: Social network dominant in Brazil and India since 2004, discontinued on September 30, 2014, unable to compete globally with Facebook.
  • Google Now: Voice-activated personal assistant cards in Android, deprecated in 2016 with integration into .
  • Picasa: Photo management software and web albums from 2004, web service ended February 2016 (apps supported until 2021), replaced by .
  • Google Compare: Comparison shopping service, shut down in most countries by 2016 amid antitrust scrutiny in Europe.
  • Google Inbox: Email client launched 2014 as alternative, discontinued April 2, 2019, with features folded into .
  • Google Allo: Messaging app from 2016, ended March 2019 due to low user compared to competitors like WhatsApp.
  • Google+ (consumer): Social network launched 2011, consumer version terminated April 2, 2019, following a data exposure bug affecting 500,000 users and persistent low engagement.
  • Google Clips: AI-powered smart camera hardware from 2018, discontinued in 2019 after poor sales and lack of updates.
These shutdowns frequently involved data export options via , though some users reported disruptions in workflows, particularly for power users of tools like Reader. Official announcements typically appeared on Google blogs or product-specific pages, emphasizing resource reallocation to high-impact areas.

Pre-2010 Discontinuations

Google initiated product experimentation in the early , leading to several discontinuations before 2010, primarily due to insufficient user adoption, high operational costs, or pivots to more viable alternatives like and . These early shutdowns reflected Google's strategy of rapid prototyping amid competition from established players in search, social, and content services. The following table summarizes key pre-2010 discontinuations:
ProductLaunch YearDiscontinuation DateDescription
Google Answers2002November 2006A paid question-and-answer service where users compensated researchers for detailed responses; discontinued owing to inadequate researcher availability and waning demand, with existing answers archived for reference.
Google Video Marketplace2005August 2007A platform enabling purchase and download of premium video content from content providers; shuttered as Google redirected video efforts toward user-generated content on YouTube following its 2006 acquisition.
Google Public Service Search2006February 2007An ad-free custom search engine tailored for non-profits and public sector organizations; terminated to streamline custom search offerings into broader tools.
Google Browser Sync2007June 2008A Firefox extension for synchronizing browser bookmarks, history, and passwords across devices; discontinued as functionality integrated into emerging cloud-based services.
Google Page Creator2006September 2008 (announced; full shutdown June 2009)A free website-building and hosting tool; phased out with user pages migrated to Google Sites for enhanced features and scalability.
Google LivelyJuly 2008December 31, 2008A browser-based virtual world for creating and interacting in 3D chat rooms, akin to simplified Second Life; ended due to limited engagement and technical demands exceeding browser capabilities at the time.
These closures numbered fewer than later years but highlighted patterns of resource reallocation to high-impact areas, with no major user backlash reported owing to niche audiences.

Product Development Patterns

High Rate of Product Failures

Google has discontinued a substantial number of its products and services, contributing to a reputation for high rates among its offerings. Trackers such as Killed by Google document over 280 instances of discontinued applications, services, and canceled hardware projects as of 2025, with 57 apps, 209 services, and 22 hardware initiatives explicitly terminated or abandoned. This equates to an average of approximately 12 discontinuations per year, reflecting a calculated of 51.5% across launched products. Such metrics underscore a pattern where experimental launches often fail to achieve sustained adoption or profitability, leading to systematic shutdowns.
CategoryNumber Discontinued/Canceled
Applications57
Services209
Hardware22
Total288
This elevated failure rate arises from Google's corporate culture, which prioritizes rapid iteration and "fail fast" principles to foster , as articulated in internal practices like celebrating product shutdowns to learn from setbacks. However, this approach has drawn criticism for inefficient resource allocation, with billions invested in ventures like (launched 2019, discontinued 2023 after $1 billion in losses) that ultimately underperformed due to insufficient user engagement and market competition. Similarly, Google+ (2011–2019) amassed over 1 billion users at peak but was shuttered amid privacy scandals and failure to differentiate from rivals like . These outcomes suggest underlying challenges, including fragmented product strategies and inadequate focus on long-term user retention, exacerbating the discontinuity trend. The repercussions extend beyond internal metrics, eroding consumer trust as users frequently face service migrations or data losses from abrupt terminations. For example, the 2013 discontinuation of , a aggregator with millions of loyal subscribers, prompted widespread backlash and the rise of third-party alternatives, illustrating how high failure rates can cede market opportunities to competitors. Despite defenses that such pruning refines Google's portfolio toward core competencies like search and advertising, the sheer volume of failures—contrasting with lower discontinuation rates at peers like or Amazon—indicates potential structural inefficiencies in product prioritization and scaling.

Strategic Shifts and Acquisitions

Google's acquisition strategy has historically enabled rapid integration of innovative technologies into its product ecosystem, often targeting nascent markets to complement organic development. In August 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for an undisclosed sum estimated at $50 million, providing the foundation for the Android mobile operating system launched in 2008, which propelled Google's dominance in smartphones and app ecosystems. The October 2006 purchase of for $1.65 billion similarly embedded video streaming as a core service, evolving from user-generated content to a platform supporting premium subscriptions and advertising revenue streams. Other pivotal acquisitions include in 2007 for $3.1 billion, enhancing ad tech capabilities integrated into and products, and in 2013 for $966 million, which bolstered with crowdsourced navigation features. Hardware and AI-focused buys further diversified the portfolio. The 2012 acquisition of for $12.5 billion aimed to secure patents and advance Android devices, though Google sold the handset division to in 2014 for $2.91 billion while retaining key intellectual property; this informed subsequent hardware launches. Nest Labs, acquired in 2014 for $3.2 billion, introduced smart home devices like thermostats and cameras under the brand, expanding into IoT products. DeepMind's 2014 acquisition for approximately $500 million accelerated AI research, contributing to features in , photo recognition in , and protein folding tools via , though primarily supporting internal R&D rather than standalone consumer products. More recently, Fitbit's 2021 purchase for $2.1 billion integrated wearables and health tracking into the ecosystem, despite regulatory delays.
AcquisitionDateApproximate ValueKey Product Integration
Android Inc.Aug 2005$50 millionAndroid OS for mobile devices
Oct 2006$1.65 billionVideo streaming service
Apr 2007$3.1 billionAdvertising tools in Google Ads
Motorola MobilityMay 2012$12.5 billionPatents and Android hardware expertise (Pixel lineage)
Nest LabsJan 2014$3.2 billionSmart home devices ()
DeepMindJan 2014$500 millionAI enhancements across services
FitbitJan 2021$2.1 billionWearables and fitness tracking
Strategic shifts have punctuated these efforts, often in response to competitive pressures and internal reassessments. The August 10, 2015, restructuring into Alphabet Inc. bifurcated operations, isolating core products like Search, YouTube, and Android under Google while segregating experimental ventures (e.g., Waymo for self-driving, Verily for life sciences) into independent units; this enhanced accountability, mitigated risks to ad revenue (which comprised over 90% of income), and facilitated moonshot funding without diluting investor focus on high-margin internet services. Post-2022, amid generative AI disruptions from models like , Google pivoted aggressively toward AI ubiquity, reallocating billions in compute resources to models like and Gemini, integrating them into Search via AI Overviews (rolled out May 2024) and Workspace tools for productivity enhancements. This shift, emphasized by CEO , prioritized foundational AI models over incremental product launches, leading to de-emphasis of non-AI initiatives and contributing to discontinuation patterns. In 2025, announced cuts of about 20,000 roles in non-core areas to channel $85 billion into AI infrastructure, signaling a resource concentration on scalable over hardware diversification. These moves reflect causal drivers like eroding search risks from AI alternatives and the need for proprietary moats in training large models.

Criticisms and Controversies

Privacy and Surveillance Concerns

Google's products, such as Android, , , and , enable comprehensive tracking of user activities, including location data, search queries, email content, and video viewing habits, primarily to fuel . A 2018 study by researchers at and the revealed that Android smartphones transmit location data to Google every 4.5 minutes on average, even when location services are disabled and no apps are actively using the feature, with devices sending over 11 gigabytes of data monthly in some cases. This passive collection persists across products, where scans email content for ad relevance and logs viewing history to build user profiles, practices that privacy experts contend erode user by commodifying personal information without explicit, granular . Surveillance concerns escalated in 2013 when Edward Snowden's leaks exposed the program, a initiative that accessed user data from servers, alongside those of other firms, through court orders under Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act. denied granting the NSA direct, unfettered access to its systems but confirmed compliance with valid legal requests, disclosing in transparency reports that it received thousands of such demands annually, including for bulk metadata. Critics, including the , argued that the scale of 's data aggregation—spanning billions of users—facilitates government surveillance by creating centralized repositories ripe for exploitation, a vulnerability compounded by incidents like the 2010 Street View WiFi data interception, where unencrypted network payloads were captured without authorization. Regulatory actions underscore these issues, with European authorities imposing significant GDPR penalties on for inadequate transparency and mechanisms in data . In January 2019, France's CNIL fined €50 million for violating GDPR rules on personalized , citing opaque of vast datasets from products like Chrome and Android. Subsequent fines included €150 million in 2021 from CNIL for non-compliant banners affecting ad personalization across services, and ongoing scrutiny through 2025 has led to additional levies, such as €125 million in 2023 for similar breaches, reflecting persistent failures to limit and sharing despite user opt-outs. Data breaches, including the 2018 incident exposing 52.5 million users' profiles, further highlighted risks of unauthorized access to aggregated stored across products.

Antitrust Violations and Market Dominance

Google maintains a dominant position in the global market, holding approximately 90% as of early 2025, which has been sustained through exclusive default agreements with device manufacturers and browsers. This dominance extends to related products like Android, which powers over 70% of mobile devices worldwide, enabling Google to bundle services such as Search, Chrome, and , thereby reinforcing network effects and for competitors. In the United States, the Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit against in January 2020, alleging violations of Section 2 of the Sherman Act through monopolization of general search services and . A federal judge ruled in August 2024 that illegally maintained its monopoly via multi-year contracts paying billions to companies like Apple to set as the default on devices and browsers, suppressing competition. In September 2025, the court imposed remedies including a on exclusive default deals for 10 years and requirements for to share user data with rivals, though it rejected structural breakup of the company or divestiture of Chrome. A separate DOJ case on digital advertising technology resulted in a April 2025 ruling that violated antitrust laws by monopolizing ad serving tools like for Publishers and AdX, controlling over 90% of publisher ad servers. The has pursued multiple antitrust actions against for abusing its dominance in search and Android to favor its own products. In July 2018, was fined €4.34 billion for imposing anti-competitive restrictions on Android device makers, including requirements to pre-install and Chrome as defaults and payments to ensure no rival search apps, which stifled competition in search and browser markets. The EU's General Court in 2022 partially annulled the fine but upheld the core findings of abuse, reducing it to €4.125 billion. In June 2017, a €2.42 billion fine was imposed for self-preferencing results in search outputs, demoting competitors and leveraging search dominance to protect its comparison shopping service. Most recently, in September 2025, the Commission fined €2.95 billion for distorting competition in auctions through tying practices in its ad tech stack. These rulings highlight how 's integrated product ecosystem—spanning search, mobile OS, and advertising—creates exclusionary effects, though has appealed several decisions, arguing that its practices drive innovation and user benefits rather than harm competition.

User Impact from Discontinuations

Discontinuations of products have frequently resulted in user frustration, challenges, and diminished trust in the company's , as users must often scramble to alternatives or forfeit specialized features. For instance, the shutdown of services with niche but dedicated followings disrupts workflows for power users, while broader offerings prompt mass data exports that may not preserve full functionality. provision of tools like for data portability mitigates some losses but does not always prevent feature gaps in successor products. The 2013 discontinuation of Google Reader, an RSS aggregator, elicited widespread outrage among users reliant on it for curated news feeds, with many describing the move as a betrayal that threatened the broader ecosystem by reducing incentives for content creators to maintain feeds. Bloggers and publishers reported potential drops in readership as subscribers faced abrupt halts in updates, prompting migrations to third-party alternatives like , though these often lacked Reader's seamless integration with other Google services. Despite Google's claim of declining usage justifying the July 1 shutdown, the backlash highlighted how abrupt endings can accelerate user exodus from Google-dependent habits. Similarly, the 2022 closure of , a platform launched in 2019, left users and developers reeling, with refunds issued for purchased games and hardware but no recourse for lost progress or community investments. Players who praised Stadia's low-latency streaming expressed disappointment over the service's unfulfilled potential, forcing migrations to competitors like or local hardware setups that incurred additional costs. Developers faced scrambling to relocate titles, underscoring how such pivots disrupt invested ecosystems without viable Google-backed transitions. The 2019 shutdown of Google+, accelerated by API bugs exposing data from up to 52.5 million users—including private profile information—compounded concerns with practical losses for its remaining active communities. While Google+ suffered from low overall, loyal users mourned the platform's specialized groups and integrations, migrating to alternatives like Groups amid incomplete data exports that omitted dynamic interactions. These incidents illustrate a pattern where security lapses or strategic retreats prioritize corporate efficiency over user continuity, fostering perceptions of disposability in Google's offerings. Across cases, repeated discontinuations erode long-term user loyalty, as evidenced by analyses showing heightened skepticism toward new Google launches due to fears of future abandonment. Niche tools like Google Inbox or Hangouts forced users to adapt to or Meet, often with reduced customization, while broader shifts like to preserved libraries but altered discovery and playback paradigms. Empirical patterns indicate that while low-usage products affect fewer individuals, the cumulative effect on heavy Google ecosystem users amplifies disruptions, prompting diversification to non-Google services for stability.

References

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