Apple Watch
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|
Apple Watch Series 8 in a Midnight aluminium case | |
| Developer | Apple |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Contract manufacturers: |
| Type | Smartwatch |
| Release date | April 24, 2015 |
| Units sold | 267.6 million (estimated, 2023)[3] |
| Operating system | watchOS |
| Display | Retina display with OLED |
| Connectivity | |
| Power | Built-in rechargeable lithium-ion battery |
| Backward compatibility | iPhone with the latest iOS |
| Website | apple |
Apple Watch is a smartwatch developed and marketed by Apple. It has fitness tracking, health-oriented capabilities, and wireless telecommunication, and integrates with watchOS and other Apple products and services. The first Apple Watch was released in April 2015,[4][5] and quickly became the world's best-selling wearable device: 4.2 million were sold in the second quarter of fiscal 2015,[6] and more than 115 million people were estimated to use an Apple Watch as of December 2022.[7] Apple has introduced a new generation of the Apple Watch with improved internal components [8] – labeled by Apple as a 'Series', with certain exceptions.[a]
Each Series has been initially sold in multiple variants defined by the watch casing's material, colour, and size (except for the budget watches Series 1 and SE, available only in aluminium,[9][12] and the Ultra, available only in 49 mm titanium[11]), and beginning with Series 3, by the option in the aluminium variants for LTE cellular connectivity, which comes standard with the other materials.[13] The band included with the watch can be selected from multiple options from Apple, and watch variants in aluminium co-branded with Nike and in stainless steel co-branded with Hermès are also offered, which include exclusive bands and colours. Any user may use digital watch faces carrying those companies' branding.[13]
The Apple Watch operates in conjunction with the user's iPhone for functions such as configuring the watch and syncing data with iPhone apps, but can separately connect to a Wi-Fi network for data-reliant purposes, including communications, app use, and audio streaming.[14][15] LTE-equipped models can also perform these functions over a mobile network, and can make and receive phone calls independently when the paired iPhone is not nearby or is powered off.[b] The oldest iPhone model that is compatible with any given Apple Watch depends on the version of the operating system installed on each device.[18] As of September 2025[update], new Apple Watches come with watchOS 26 preinstalled and require an iPhone running iOS 26, which is compatible with the iPhone 11 or later.[19][20]
The Apple Watch is the only smartwatch fully supported for the iPhone, as Apple restricts the APIs available in other smartwatches, so other smartwatches always have less functionality.[21]
Development
[edit]Apple design chief Jony Ive became interested in building a watch shortly after Steve Jobs's death in October 2011.[22] That December, The New York Times reported that Apple was exploring various ideas, including a "curved-glass iPod that would wrap around the wrist", which users would interact with through the Siri voice assistant, and which "could relay information back to the iPhone".[23] In February 2013, the NYT and The Wall Street Journal again confirmed that Apple was working on a smartwatch with a curved display,[24] and Bloomberg News said the team had grown to about 100 designers.[25]
In March 2013, Apple hired ex-Adobe chief technology officer Kevin Lynch, reporting to Bob Mansfield,[26] to lead the watch project, which would become the company's first major new product without input from late co-founder Steve Jobs.[22] Apple started the project without specific use cases in mind, not knowing what problems the watch would solve, but felt that "technology was going to move onto the body", according to Alan Dye, who was in charge of its user interface. According to Kevin Lynch, the team felt people spent too much time on their phone, nagged by notifications, and a watch would provide "that level of engagement [...] in a way that's a little more human, a little more at the moment when you're with somebody".[22]
In July 2013, Financial Times reported that Apple had begun hiring more employees to work on the smartwatch, and that it was targeting a retail release in late 2014.[27]
The software evolved more quickly than the hardware. To test it, the team created a prototype, an iPhone strapped to the wrist with Velcro, which showed the Apple watch software in its true size and an onscreen watch crown for input. The crown was later turned into a physical dongle plugged into the headphone jack. Early on, the user interface and bundled apps were inspired by the iPhone, but they were too complex and underwent three rounds of redesign to avoid awkwardly long interactions that would annoy users. The team worked on notification vibrations and sounds for more than a year, attempting to make them reflect the nature of different notifications. They also added a way to show a contextual menu by pressing the display more deeply, called Force Touch. In contrast with Apple's usually narrow design options, the team thought a watch would need to appeal to users' diverse tastes in fashion, so they opted to give a choice of bands, models (like the gold-plated Apple Watch Edition), and watch faces.[22]
Unveiling and release
[edit]In April 2014, Apple CEO Tim Cook told The Wall Street Journal that the company was planning to launch new products that year, but revealed no specifics.[28]
In June 2014, Reuters reported that production of a smartwatch product was expected to begin in July for an October release.[29]
During a September 2014 press event where the iPhone 6 was also presented, the new watch product was introduced by Tim Cook's "one more thing" section. After a video focusing on the design process, Cook reappeared on stage wearing an Apple Watch.[30]
In comparison to other Apple products and competing smartwatches, marketing of the Apple Watch promoted the device as a fashion accessory.[31] Apple later focused on its health and fitness-oriented features, in an effort to compete with dedicated activity trackers. The watchOS 3 added fitness tracking for wheelchair users, social sharing in the Activity app, and a Breathe app to facilitate mindfulness.[32]
The device was not branded as "iWatch", which would have put it in line with its product lines such as iPod, iPhone, and iPad. In the United States, the "iWatch" trademark is owned by OMG Electronics – who was crowdfunding a device under the same name; it is owned in the European Union by Irish firm Probendi.[33] In July 2015, Probendi sued Apple Inc. for trademark infringement, arguing that through keyword advertising on the Google search engine, it caused advertising for the Apple Watch to appear on search results pages when users searched for the trademarked term "iWatch".[34]
Release
[edit]Pre-orders for the Apple Watch began on April 10, 2015, with the official release on April 24.[35] Initially, it was not available at the Apple Store; customers could make appointments for demonstrations and fitting, but the device was not in-stock for walk-in purchases and had to be reserved and ordered online. CNET felt that this distribution model was designed to prevent Apple Store locations from having long lineups due to the high demand.[36][37] The first ever retail store to display the Apple Watch to the public was Colette in Paris.[38] Later on, selected models were available in limited quantities at luxury boutiques and authorized resellers.[39]
On June 4, 2015, Apple announced that it planned to stock Apple Watch models at its retail locations.[37]
On August 24, 2015, Best Buy announced that it would begin stocking Apple Watch at its retail stores by the end of September.[40] Both T-Mobile US and Sprint also announced plans to offer Apple Watch through their retail stores.[41]
In September 2015, Apple launched a new subset of Apple Watch, with a stainless steel body and leather band, in collaboration with Hermès.[42] The following year, Apple launched another subset of Apple Watches in collaboration with Nike dubbed "Apple Watch Nike+". Both subsets featured cosmetic customization, but otherwise functioned like standard Apple Watches.[43]
Apple Watch went on sale in India in November 2015.[44] The device also launched in Chile, the Philippines, Indonesia, and South Africa.[45]
Hardware
[edit]Design and materials
[edit]
Each series of Apple Watch is offered in multiple variants, distinguished by the casing's material, color, and size,[46] with special bands and digital watch faces available for certain variants co-branded with Nike and Hermès, which are also sometimes accompanied by other unique extras, like stainless steel charging pucks, premium packaging, and exclusive color basic bands.[47]
Originally at launch, the Apple Watch was marketed as one of three "collections", designating the case material. In order of increasing cost, the collections were:[citation needed]
- Apple Watch Sport (aluminium case)
- Apple Watch (stainless-steel case)
- Apple Watch Edition (originally released as an 18kt gold casing with newer materials in later models)
Starting with Series 1/Series 2, Apple dropped the "Sport" moniker from the branding (apart from the sport bands), and the Apple Watch was available with either an aluminum (lowest cost) or stainless steel case. "Apple Watch Edition" branding still exists, but now refers to watch casings made from ceramic or titanium.[48]
Apple did not explicitly market the first-generation Apple Watch as being waterproof, stating that it can withstand splashes of water (such as rain and hand washing), but does not recommend submersion (IPX7). Apple introduced a higher level of water resistance with the release of the Apple Watch Series 2, and the device was explicitly advertised as being suitable for swimming and surfing.[49] The Series 7 also includes an IP6X certification for dust resistance.[50][51]
Size
[edit]Since the introduction of the Apple Watch, it has been available in two sizes (Apple Watch Ultra being the exception), primarily affecting screen resolution and area. The smaller size at launch was 38 mm (1.5 in), referring to the approximate height of the watch case; the larger size was 42 mm (1.7 in). Starting with Series 4, the two nominal sizes changed to 40 and 44 mm (1.6 and 1.7 in).[52][53] The nominal sizes changed again with the introduction of Series 7: 41 and 45 mm (1.6 and 1.8 in);[54] and yet again in 2024 with the launch of the Series 10 at 42 and 46 mm (1.7 and 1.8 in).[55]
The overall shape and width of the watch have not changed significantly since its release, so customizable bands and accessories are typically compatible with any Apple Watch of the same size class. Bands that fit the smaller size class (38, 40, 41 and 42 mm (1.5, 1.6, 1.6 and 1.7 in) watches) and larger size class (42, 44, 45 and 46 mm (1.7, 1.7, 1.8 and 1.8 in) watches) are generally interchangeable within the class.[56] The casing of the watch includes a mechanism to allow the user to change the straps without special tools.[citation needed]
Input and sensors
[edit]
For input, the Watch features a "digital crown" on one side, which can be turned to scroll or zoom content on screen, and pressed to return to the home screen or display recently used apps. Next to the crown (on the same side of the watch) is the Side Button, which can be used to access Control Center and the contactless payment service Apple Pay.[57] The Watch also prominently features a touchscreen; before Series 6/SE, the screen included Force Touch technology, which enabled the display to become pressure-sensitive and therefore capable of distinguishing between a tap and a press for displaying contextual menus.[58] Force Touch has since been physically removed in Watch Series 6 and Watch SE,[59] and has been disabled via software on Watch Series 5 and earlier on models supporting watchOS 7.[60]
Additional sensors integrated into the Watch include an accelerometer, gyroscope, and barometer, which are used to determine device orientation, user movement, and altitude.[61] The back of all Apple Watches are equipped with a Heart Rate Monitor, which projects infrared and green light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) onto the user's skin and photodiodes measure the varying amount of light reflected. Because blood absorbs green light and reflects red light, the amounts of each type of reflected light are compared to determine heart rate. The Watch adjusts the sampling rate and LED brightness as needed.[61] Starting with the Series 4, Apple added electrical sensors to the Digital Crown and back, allowing the Watch to take electrocardiogram (ECG) readings;[62] the device won FDA clearance in October 2018, becoming the first consumer device capable of taking an ECG.[63] A blood oxygen monitor was added with the Series 6 in 2020, albeit as a "wellness" device not capable of diagnosing a medical condition.[64] The blood oxygen monitor added red LEDs to the back, allowing the watch to determine oxygen levels by measuring blood color.[65] The Watch SE reverted to the capabilities of the Series 3, dropping the electrical sensors and blood oxygen monitor.[66]
Battery
[edit]Apple rates the device's battery for 18 hours of mixed usage.[58][67] Apple Watch is charged by means of inductive charging.[4] If the watch's battery depletes to less than 10 percent, the user is alerted and offered to enable Low Power Mode, which allows the user to continue to use the watch while some features are disabled. The watch then reverts to its original mode when the battery is sufficiently charged.[68]
Bands
[edit]Apple Watch comes with an included band (strap) to attach it to the user's wrist. The proprietary band attachment mechanism allows swapping models by holding down the connectors on the bottom of the watch and sliding the band pieces out.[69] Apple produces bands in a variety of materials and colors; however, third-party bands are still compatible when using Apple's design guidelines.[70] Bands designed for the original Series 1–3 38 mm and 42 mm case sizes are compatible with the Series 4–6 40 mm and 44 mm cases, as well as the Series 7 41 mm and 45 mm cases, respectively.[71]
Starting with Apple Watch Series 5, Apple introduced the online Apple Watch Studio, which allows customers to mix and match bands on purchase, eliminating the need to purchase a specific combination of case and band design, and allowing for a simplification of packaging (since Apple Watch Series 4 in 2018).[72]
Models
[edit]
Apple Watch models have been divided into five "collections": Apple Watch (1st generation-present), Apple Watch Sport (1st generation), Apple Watch Nike+ (Series 2-Series 7, combined into Apple Watch since Series 8), Apple Watch Hermès (1st generation-present, including Apple Watch Ultra 2, excluding Apple Watch SE and Apple Watch Ultra), and Apple Watch Edition (1st generation-Series 7, excluding Apple Watch SE).[citation needed] They are differentiated by combinations of cases, bands, and exclusive watch faces; Apple Watch comes with either aluminum or stainless steel cases, and various watch bands (only stainless steel was offered for Apple Watch 1st generation); Apple Watch Sport came with aluminum cases and sport bands or woven nylon bands; Apple Watch Nike+ comes with aluminum cases and Nike sport bands or sport loops; Apple Watch Hermès uses stainless steel cases and Hermès leather watch bands (also included is an exclusive Hermès orange sport band); and Apple Watch Edition came with ceramic cases and various bands (the Apple Watch Edition used 18 karat yellow or rose gold).[73] With the Series 5, the Edition tier was expanded with a new titanium case.[citation needed]
Apple Watch Series 1 models were previously only available with aluminum cases and sport bands.[74]
As of Series 3, each Apple Watch model in aluminum, the least expensive casing, is available either with or without LTE cellular connectivity, while the models with the other casing materials available (stainless steel and sometimes ceramic and titanium) always include it.[16][75]
Each model through Series 3 comes in a 38mm or 42mm size option, with the larger size having a slightly larger screen and battery.[58] The Series 4 was updated to 40mm and 44mm models, respectively. The Series 7 has been updated to 41mm and 45mm models. The Series 10 has been updated to 42mm and 46mm models.[76] Each model has various color and band options. Featured Apple-made bands include colored sport bands, sport loop, woven nylon band, classic buckle, modern buckle, leather loop, Milanese loop, and a link bracelet.[58]
First generation
[edit]
The 1st generation Apple Watch (colloquially referred to as Series 0) uses the single-core S1 system-on-chip. It does not have a built-in GPS chip, instead relying on a paired iPhone for location services. It features a new linear actuator hardware from Apple called the "Taptic Engine", providing realistic haptic feedback when an alert or a notification is received, and is used for other purposes by certain apps.[58] The watch is equipped with a built-in heart rate sensor, which uses both infrared and visible-light LEDs and photodiodes.[77]
All versions of the first-generation Apple Watch have 8 GB of storage; the operating system allows the user to store up to 2 GB of music and 75 MB of photos. When the Apple Watch is paired with an iPhone, all music on that iPhone is also available to be controlled and accessed from the Apple Watch.[78] Software support for the first Apple Watch ended with watchOS 4.3.2.[79]
Second generation (Series 1 and 2)
[edit]
The second-generation Apple Watch has two models: the Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2.
The Series 1 has a variant of the dual-core Apple S2 processor with GPS removed, known as the Apple S1P. It has a lower starting price than first generation.[80] The Series 1 was sold only in Aluminium casings.[citation needed]
The Series 2 has the dual-core Apple S2 processor, water resistance to 50 meters, a display twice as bright, at 1,000 nits, and a GPS receiver.[80][49] The Series 2 was sold in casings of anodized aluminum, stainless steel and ceramic.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Edition Series 2 is the first Apple Watch model to add the new White ceramic case color option. Both Yellow Gold and Rose Gold 18K gold case color options have been removed.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Nike+ Series 2 is the first Apple Watch model available as the Nike, Inc. collaborate special option.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2 are the final Apple Watch models available with Yellow Gold and Rose Gold aluminum case color options. They have an advertised 18 hours of battery life.[citation needed]
The software support for both Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2 ended with watchOS 6.3.[citation needed]
Third generation (Series 3)
[edit]
The Apple Watch Series 3 features a faster processor, the dual-core S3, Bluetooth 4.2 (compared to 4.0 on older models), a built-in altimeter for measuring flights of stairs climbed, increased RAM size, and is available in a variant with LTE cellular connectivity. Siri can speak through the onboard speaker on Apple Watch Series 3 due to the increased processing speed of the Watch.[81]
Series 3 features LTE cellular connectivity for the first time in an Apple Watch, enabling users to make phone calls, iMessage, and stream Apple Music and Podcasts directly on the watch, independent of an iPhone. The LTE model contains an eSIM[82] and shares the same mobile number as the user's iPhone.[83]
The Apple Watch Series 3 is the first Apple Watch model to add the new Gold aluminum case color option to match the color introduced with the iPhone 8 in 2017. Both Yellow Gold and Rose Gold aluminum case color options have been removed. It is now available in Space Gray, Silver, and Gold aluminum case color options, available in Space Black and Silver stainless steel case color options.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Edition Series 3 is the first and only Apple Watch model to add the new Gray ceramic case color option. It is available in White and Gray ceramic case color.[citation needed]
The software support for the Apple Watch Series 3 ended with watchOS 8.8.1.[84]
Fourth generation (Series 4)
[edit]
The Apple Watch Series 4[86] is the first prominent redesign of the Apple Watch, featuring larger displays with thinner bezels and rounded corners, and a slightly rounder, thinner chassis with a redesigned ceramic back. Internally, there is a new S4 64-bit dual-core processor, capable of up to double the S3's performance, upgraded 16 GB storage, and a new electrical heart sensor. The microphone was moved to the opposite side between the side button and the digital crown to improve call quality. Other changes include the digital crown incorporating haptic feedback with the Apple Haptic Engine, and include the new Apple-designed W3 wireless chip.[citation needed]
The ECG system has received clearance from the United States Food and Drug Administration, a first ever for a consumer device,[87] and is supported by the American Heart Association.[88] The Series 4 can also detect falls, and can automatically contact emergency services unless the user cancels the outgoing call.[citation needed]
The watch received mostly positive reviews from critics. TechRadar gave it a score of 4.5/5, calling it one of the top smartwatches, while criticizing the short battery life.[89] Digital Trends gave it a score of 5/5, calling it Apple's best product and praising the design, build quality, and software, among others, while criticizing the battery life.[90] CNET gave it a score of 8.2/10, calling it the "best overall smartwatch around", while criticizing the battery life and lack of watch face options.[91] T3 gave it a score of 5/5, calling it a "truly next-gen smartwatch" due to its thinner body and bigger screen compared to the Series 3, and health features.[92]
The Apple Series 4 is the first Apple Watch model to add the new Gold stainless steel color option to match the color introduced with the iPhone XS in 2018. It is now available in Space Gray, Silver, and Gold aluminum case color options, available in Space Black, Silver, and Gold stainless steel case color options. All the ceramic case color options have been removed until the launch of the Apple Watch Edition Series 5 in 2019.[citation needed]
Software support for the Apple Watch Series 4, Series 5, and the first-generation Apple Watch SE ended with watchOS 10.6.1.[93]
Fifth generation (Series 5 and first-generation SE)
[edit]
The Apple Watch Series 5 was announced on September 10, 2019.[94] Its principal improvements over its predecessor were the addition of a compass and an always-on display with a low-power display driver capable of refresh rates as low as once per second. Additional new features include International Emergency Calling, enabling emergency calls in over 150 countries, a more energy-efficient S5 processor,[95] improved ambient light sensor, and storage doubled to 32 GB. The release of the Series 5 also brought back the "Edition" model, with a ceramic model absent from the previous generation. A new titanium model was also included in two colors: natural and Space Black.[96]
At its September 2020 product introduction event, Apple also announced the Apple Watch SE, a lower-cost model, similar to the iPhone SE.[97] The SE incorporates the same always-on altimeter as the Series 6,[98] but uses the previous-generation S5 processor and previous- (i.e. second) generation optical heart rate sensor; does not include ECG and blood oximeter sensors or an always-on display; and does not include ultra-wideband (UWB) or 5 GHz Wi-Fi communication capabilities.[citation needed]
The Series 5 and above (including the SE model introduced in 2020) also incorporate enhanced hardware- and software-based battery and performance management functionality.[99]
Critics generally gave it a positive review. CNET gave it a score of 4/5, concluding, "The Apple Watch continues to be one of the best smartwatches, but it remains limited by being an iPhone accessory for now."[100] Digital Trends gave it a score of 4.5/5.[101] The Verge gave it a score of 9/10.[102]
The Apple Watch Series 5 was available in Space Gray, Silver, and Gold aluminum case color options, as well as Space Black, Silver, and Gold stainless steel case color options.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Edition Series 5 was the final Apple Watch model available with a White ceramic case color option. It was the first Apple Watch model to add the new Natural and Space Black titanium case color options.[citation needed]
The first-generation Apple Watch SE was discontinued following the release of the second-generation Apple Watch SE in 2022.[citation needed]
Software support for the Apple Watch Series 4, Series 5, and the first-generation Apple Watch SE ended with watchOS 10.6.1.[93]
Sixth generation (Series 6)
[edit]

The Apple Watch Series 6 was announced on September 15, 2020, during an Apple Special Event and began shipping on September 18. Its principal improvement over its predecessor is the inclusion of a sensor to monitor blood oxygen saturation.[103]
Additional features include a new Apple S6 utilizing the energy-efficient Thunder cores from the A13 Bionic that is up to 20% faster than the Apple S4 and Apple S5,[97] a 2.5× brighter always-on display, and an always-on altimeter.[104] The S6 incorporates an updated, third generation optical heart rate sensor and also enhanced telecommunication technology, including support for ultra-wideband (UWB) via Apple's U1 chip (which is used to locate and communicate with other devices),[105] and the ability to connect to 5 GHz Wi-Fi networks. The Series 6 watch was updated with faster charging hardware, such that it completes charging in ~1.5 hours.[106] Force Touch hardware was removed, consistent with the removal of all Force Touch functionality from watchOS 7.
The Apple Watch Series 6 is the final Apple Watch model available with Space Gray and Gold (introduced with the iPhone 8 in 2017) aluminum case color options. It is the first time adding the Product Red and Blue aluminum case color options. It is available in Space Gray, Silver, Gold, Blue, and Product Red aluminum case color options, available in Graphite, Silver, and Gold stainless steel case color options. The Gold stainless steel case color option is now in classic yellow gold, and the Graphite stainless steel case color option is the new color, replacing the Space Black color before the introduction of the iPhone 12 Pro in 2020.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Edition Series 6 is now available in Natural and Space Black titanium case color options. The ceramic case option was removed.[citation needed]
Seventh generation (Series 7)
[edit]
The Apple Watch Series 7 was announced on September 14, 2021, during an Apple Special Event.[107] Pre-orders opened on October 8, with earliest shipping dates starting on October 15.[citation needed]
Succeeding from the Apple S6, the Apple S7 is the second time utilizing the energy-efficient Thunder cores from the A13 Bionic.[citation needed]
Enhancements relative to the prior-generation Series 6 watch include a more rounded design with a case 1 mm larger than the Series 6; a display that is 70% brighter indoors and approximately 20% larger; improved durability via a crack-resistant front crystal;[108] IP6X certification for resistance to dust; 33% faster charging via improved internal electronics and an enhanced, USB-C based fast-charging cable; support for BeiDou (China's satellite navigation system); and the availability of an on-screen keyboard that can be tapped or swiped.[109] The Series 7 is also equipped with new hardware that enables ultra-rapid, short-range wireless data transfer at 60.5 GHz, though Apple has not fully explained this new functionality.[110]
The Apple Watch Edition Series 7 is the final Apple Watch model to be available in Natural and Space Black titanium case color options.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Series 7 is now available in Midnight, Starlight, Blue, Green, and Product Red aluminum case color options, available in Graphite, Silver, and Gold (introduced with the Apple Watch Series 6 and the iPhone 12 Pro in 2020) stainless steel case color options. Both Space Gray and Gold (introduced with iPhone 8 in 2017) aluminum case color options have been removed. The Silver aluminum case color option was unavailable until the launch of the Apple Watch Series 8 in 2022.[citation needed]
Eighth generation (Series 8, SE (2nd generation) and Ultra)
[edit]
The Apple Watch Series 8, the Apple Watch SE 2 (formerly the Apple Watch SE (2nd generation)), and the Apple Watch Ultra were announced during Apple's "Far out" event on September 7, 2022. Pre-orders opened on the same day, with the Series 8 and 2nd gen SE shipping on September 16, while the Ultra shipped on September 23.[111]
Succeeding from the Apple S7, the Apple S8 is the final processor of the Apple Watch to utilize the energy-efficient Thunder cores from the A13 Bionic.[citation needed]
Enhancements in the Series 8, relative to the prior-generation Series 7 watch, include a new temperature sensor and more precise accelerometers, and Crash Detection. Aluminum case models are available in Midnight, Silver, Starlight, and Product Red, and the stainless steel models are available in gold, silver, and graphite finishes. The Blue and Green case colors are discontinued, and the Series 8 is not available with a titanium case.[112]
The Apple Watch Ultra is a new high-end model which Apple positioned towards endurance athletes and outdoor recreation (competing with offerings from companies such as Garmin and Polar); it shares most of its hardware with the Series 8, but it has a larger display and 49 mm band, a rugged titanium casing, a brighter display with a flat front crystal, an additional "Action" button that can be mapped to different apps and functions, integrated multi-band GPS, a water temperature sensor, and a larger battery which Apple rated at 36 hours of usage without using power saving modes.[113]
The second-generation Apple Watch SE is available in Midnight, Silver, and Starlight case color options. The Space Gray and Gold case color options have been discontinued. It retains the form factor of the previous SE, which was itself very similar to the Series 4, 5, and 6.[114]
Ninth generation (Series 9 and Ultra 2)
[edit]The Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 were announced during Apple's "Wonderlust" event on September 12, 2023.[107] Both of these Apple Watch models have the new Apple S9 system-in-package utilizing the energy-efficient Sawtooth cores from the A16 Bionic with a faster GPU and a four-core Neural Engine, improved power efficiency, and a second-generation Ultrawide Band chip (shared with iPhone 15) with improved precision and a farther range. Their displays have a higher maximum brightness than their predecessors. Both Apple Watch Series 9 and Apple Watch Ultra 2 ship with watchOS 10; they support on-device Siri and a new "double tap" gesture using the index finger and thumb.[107][115]
Before the announcement of watchOS 26 at Apple's WWDC 2025, a new feature, "wrist flick" gesture (using the wrist to quickly turn over and back to dismiss the incoming notification) will be available on the Apple Watch Series 9 and Apple Watch Ultra 2 alongside the Apple Watch Series 10.[5]
Aluminum case models are available in Midnight, Pink, Starlight, Silver, and Product Red color options, while the stainless steel models are available in gold, silver, and graphite finishes.[citation needed]
For legal reasons, blood oxygen monitoring was not available on Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 models sold in the United States after January 18, 2024.[116]
Following a ruling by the International Trade Commission on a lawsuit regarding the blood oxygen monitoring feature, Apple temporarily stopped selling Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 on December 21, 2023, ahead of an import ban going into effect on December 26, 2023. At the time, 9to5Mac reported, "Apple says that the ITC’s ban only impacts sales of the Apple Watch Series 9 and Apple Watch Ultra 2 because those devices offer blood oxygen monitoring capabilities." A US Federal Appeals Court paused the import ban pending a US Customs and Border Protection ruling on whether Apple's changes would be enough to avoid the patent dispute, and Apple resumed sales on December 27, 2023.[citation needed]
On August 14, 2025, Apple reintroduced blood oxygen monitoring for affected Series 9, Series 10, and Ultra 2 Apple Watches with the iOS 18.6.1 and watchOS 11.6.1 software updates. To circumvent patent disputes, the redesigned app no longer analyzes blood oxygen data through the on-device app. Raw data is collected by the Apple Watch, then "measured and calculated on the paired iPhone."[117]
Carbon neutrality claims
[edit]Apple markets the Series 9 and Ultra 2 as its first-ever carbon-neutral products (depending on the selected case material and band) due to a combination of cutting the carbon dioxide emissions per watch manufactured and sold (Apple claims a reduction of 78% for the Series 9 and 81% for the Ultra 2[121]) and the company's purchases of forestry and nature-based carbon offsets and credits—which some criticized for being misleading due to reliability issues in carbon accounting for forestry carbon offsets.[119]
Most of Apple's claimed emissions reductions were driven by renewable energy requirements imposed on suppliers;[118][120] other factors include increased use of recycled materials, and a lower reliance on shipping products by plane, which is highly carbon-intensive.[119] Apple says the watches' manufacturing relies on "100% clean electricity", though this partly relies on Apple investing in clean-energy projects to offset suppliers' use of electricity produced from fossil fuels. NewClimate Institute, a non-profit, said Apple's "100 per cent clean energy" claim was "highly contentious, since Apple’s major suppliers continue to have very low renewable electricity shares".[122]
The carbon offsets used by Apple follow standards set by Verra,[123] the Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance, and the Forest Stewardship Council.[118] However, some investigative reporting has indicated that 94% of Verra's rainforest carbon offsets were allegedly "worthless" and that the standard may worsen global warming.[124][123] Niklas Kaskeala, chair of the non-profit Compensate Foundation, said Apple's tree-planting offsets had "systemic flaws"; the Financial Times found that in one Apple conservation scheme, newly planted trees were chopped down within a decade, releasing absorbed carbon back into the atmosphere, that most of the planted trees were eucalyptus, posing monoculture concerns, and that only 1% of the land was dedicated to regrowing native tree species.[122]
On September 20, 2023, the European Union announced that it would ban most uses of the term "carbon neutral" in advertising by 2026, including claims that are based on carbon offsets, to address greenwashing and misleading advertising. This decision was praised by Monique Goyens, director-general of EU consumer group BEUC, who also called Apple's claims "bogus" and scientifically inaccurate. Gilles Dufrasne, policy officer at non-profit Carbon Market Watch, said it was "misleading to consumers" for Apple to give "the impression that buying the Watch has no impact on the climate at all", based on what he described as "accounting tricks". Other environmental groups criticized Apple's emphasis on carbon emissions without accounting for e-waste, due to the difficulty of repairing these products.[122][125][126] Berkeley Carbon Trading Project director Barbara Haya praised the products' ~80% emissions reduction, but also criticized Apple's use of the term "carbon neutral" in advertising.[119]
Tenth generation (Series 10)
[edit]

The Apple Watch Series 10 was announced at an Apple's "It's Glowtime" event on September 9, 2024. The device features a thinner design than previous models, measuring 10% thinner than the Series 9. It has the largest display Apple has built for a wearable device, including the Apple Watch Ultra, with up to 30% more screen area. The display allows for an additional line of text, enhancing the visibility of messages, mail, and news.[citation needed]
Succeeding from the Apple S9, the Apple S10 is the second time utilizing the energy-efficient Sawtooth cores from the A16 Bionic.[citation needed]
The Series 10 introduces a wider aspect ratio with rounded corners for both the display and case. The display is also 40% brighter when viewed at an angle, improving visibility, and updates once per second in Always On mode, compared to the previous rate of once per minute.[127]
Apple also introduced a new glossy aluminum finish in jet black, polished using silicon nanoparticles for a specialized surface shine. Other finish options include rose gold and silver aluminum, which are up to 10% lighter than previous models. Additionally, a new titanium finish, which is 20% lighter and carbon-neutral, replaces the stainless steel option from earlier generations.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Series 10 retains 50 meters of water resistance and is the fastest-charging Apple Watch to date, reaching 80% battery in 30 minutes. The device features an 18-hour battery life.[citation needed]
The Apple Watch Series 10 also includes a sleep apnea detector, pending FDA approval, which is also planned to be supported by the Apple Watch Series 9 and the Apple Watch Ultra 2.[citation needed]
To enhance phone call quality, the Series 10 incorporates a neural network that suppresses background noise for clearer conversations. The fitness features have been expanded to include tracking for kayakers, canoers, and rowers, along with a Tides app and new depth and water temperature sensors.[citation needed]
Before the announcement of the watchOS 26 at Apple's WWDC 2025, a new feature "wrist flick" gesture (using the wrist to quickly turn over and back to dismiss the incoming notification) will be available on the Apple Watch Series 10 alongside the Apple Watch Series 9 and Apple Watch Ultra 2.[128]
Prices for the Apple Watch Series 10 start at $399, with preorders available immediately. The device was released on September 20, 2024.[129]
The Apple Watch Series 10 has been subject to a sales ban in Indonesia since October 2024.[130]
Eleventh generation (Series 11, SE 3, and Ultra 3)
[edit]The eleventh-generation Apple Watch was introduced on September 9, 2025, alongside the third-generation Apple Watch Ultra and SE, and was released on September 19, 2025.[131]
The Apple Watch Series 11 additionally added the Space Gray color option, in addition to the existing Jet Black, Rose Gold, and Silver color options that were introduced with the Apple Watch Series 10.
The third-generation Apple Watch SE is the first Apple Watch model since the Apple Watch Series 7 to not come in the silver color option. It is the first Apple Watch SE model to feature the Always-On display technology.
The Apple Watch Ultra 3 has the same enclosure design as its predecessors.
Succeeding from the Apple Watch Series 10, among the Apple Watch Series 11, Apple Watch SE (third-generation), and Apple Watch Ultra 3, use the Apple S10 chip for the second time. They are the first time using the 5G connectivity.
Software
[edit]watchOS is a distinct operating system designed specifically for Apple Watch. While based on iOS, which is used in iPhones, it offers a tailored experience for the smaller screen and wrist-worn form factor. Telling time is a core function with various watch faces to choose from. and it can view and respond to notifications from an iPhone directly on a watch. watchOS has many extensive health and fitness tracking features like heart rate monitoring, workout programs, and activity rings to stay motivated. The App Store lets you download and use various apps specifically designed for Apple Watch, covering fitness, communication, news, and more. watchOS works seamlessly with an iPhone for functions like making calls, sending texts, unlocking an iPhone, and using Apple Pay. Apple frequently releases updates to watchOS, bringing new features, bug fixes, and security improvements. One can update a watch through the Watch app on an iPhone or directly on the Apple Watch itself (if it has watchOS 6 or later).[132]
Apple Watch runs watchOS, whose interface is around a home screen with circular app icons, which can be changed to a list view in the device's settings. The OS can be navigated using the touchscreen or the crown on the side of the watch.[58] During its debut, the first generation Apple Watch needed to be paired with an iPhone 5 or later running iOS 8.2 or later; this version of iOS introduced the Apple Watch app, which is used to pair the watch with an iPhone, customize settings and loaded apps, and highlight compatible apps from the App Store.[58]
The Apple Watch is capable of receiving notifications, messages, and phone calls via a paired iPhone.[58] "Glances" allowed users to swipe between pages containing widget-like displays of information; however, this feature was replaced by a new Control Center. watchOS also supports Handoff to send content from Apple Watch to an iOS or macOS device,[58] and act as a viewfinder for an iPhone camera,[133] Siri is also available for voice commands, and is capable of responding with voice prompts on the Series 3 watches.[58] Apple Watch also supports Apple Pay, and enables its use with older iPhone models that do not contain near-field communication (NFC) support.[58]
Apple Watch's default apps are designed to interact with their iOS counterparts, such as Mail, Phone, Calendar, Messages, Maps, Music, Photos, Reminders, Remote (which can control iTunes and Apple TV), Stocks, and Wallet.[58] Using the Activity and Workout apps, a user can track their physical activity and send data back to the iPhone for use in its Health app and other HealthKit-enabled software.[58] With watchOS 3, Reminders, Home, Find My Friends, Heart Rate, and Breathe were added to the stock apps.[citation needed]
Version history
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2025) |
At WWDC 2015, Tim Cook announced watchOS 2; described by CNET as a "significant revamp", it included a new software development kit that allows more direct access to the device's hardware, new watch faces, the ability to reply to an e-mail, and other features.[134] watchOS 2 was released in September 2015.[135] Following the software update, some users experienced issues with lag.[136]
watchOS 3 was announced at WWDC 2016, with a priority on performance. Users can keep apps running in memory as well as receive background updates and refreshed information. Other updates include a new Dock invoked with the side button to replace the performance-laden Glances, an updated Control Center, and new reply options on Messages. Several new watch faces have also been added, including Minnie Mouse, along with the ability to switch watch faces from the lock screen simply by swiping. A new feature called SOS allows users to hold the dock button to make a call to the local emergency line and pull up the user's Medical ID. Another feature is Activity Sharing, which allows sharing of workouts with friends and even sending their heartbeats to one another. A new app called Breathe guides users through breathing exercises throughout the day, with visuals and haptic feedback. It was made available to the public in September 2016.[citation needed]
watchOS 3.1 was released to the public in October 2016, and watchOS 3.2 was released in March 2017.[137] Both updates added minor improvements and bug fixes.
watchOS 4 was announced at WWDC 2017 and released to the public in September 2017. watchOS 4 features a proactive Siri watch face, personalized activity coaching, and an entirely redesigned music app. It also introduces Apple GymKit, a technology platform to connect workouts with cardio equipment.[citation needed]
watchOS 4.3 was released in March 2018. It introduced support for Nightstand mode in portrait orientation. It brought back the ability for music playing on the iPhone to be controlled using the Music app on the Apple Watch and also enabled control of playback and volume on Apple's HomePod. Other new features included a new charging animation and a new app loading animation. Activity data was added to the Siri watch face, and the battery complication more accurately reports battery life.[citation needed]
watchOS 5 was first shown to the public at the San Jose WWDC developer conference held by Apple. It introduced an instant watch-to-watch walkie-talkie mode, an all-new Podcasts app, raise-wrist-to-speak Siri, a customizable Control Center, and the ability to access the notification center and control center from apps. Other features included support for WebKit to view web pages, six new watch faces, and new workout running features.[138] It was released to the public in September 2018.[139] On the newest release of watchOS beta, the sleep feature was shown on screen, which would eliminate the need to use third-party apps.
watchOS 6 was released to the public in September 2019. It introduced more native iOS apps, such as Voice Memos, Calculator, and a native watchOS app store. watchOS 6.0 also introduced new features such as the noise app that allows one to measure ambient sound in decibels, menstrual tracking, and new watch faces. Other features include Siri being able to tell users what music they are listening to, activity trends, and a new UI framework for developers.[citation needed]
watchOS 7 was announced on June 22, 2020, at WWDC 2020, and released on September 16, 2020; new functions include sleep tracking, additional watch faces, handwashing detection, and new workouts such as dancing.[140]
watchOS 8 was announced on June 7, 2021, at WWDC 2021 and released on September 20, 2021. It replaces the Breathe app with a new Mindfulness app, and adds a Focus mode as well as a Portrait Watch Face, updates to the Messages and Home apps, Contacts and Find My apps, and a redesigned Photos app.[citation needed]
watchOS 9 was announced on June 6, 2022, and released on September 13, 2022. It enhances the Workout display with new views of metrics like Activity rings, Heart Rate Zones, Power, and Elevation. It also supports better sleep tracking and additional watch faces.[citation needed]
watchOS 10 was announced on June 5, 2023, at WWDC and released on September 18, 2023. It includes a major redesign of all stock watchOS apps, more detailed metrics available for cycling workouts, and new "Smart Stacks", stacks of widgets available from the clock.[citation needed]
watchOS 11 was announced on June 10, 2024, and released on September 16, 2024. It dropped support for the Apple Watch Series 4, Series 5, and 1st generation SE.
watchOS 26 was announced on June 9, 2025, and released on September 15, 2025.
Third-party apps
[edit]In watchOS 1, third-party WatchKit applications run in the background on the iPhone as an application extension while a set of native user interface resources is installed on the Apple Watch.[141] Thus, watchOS apps must be bundled within their respective iOS app, and are synced to the watch either manually, or automatically upon installation of the phone app.[58]
With the release of watchOS 2, Apple made it mandatory for new watch apps to be developed with the watchOS 2 SDK from June 1, 2016, onwards; no third-party languages or SDKs can be used to develop apps.[142] This allowed for developers to create native apps that are run on the watch itself, thus improving the responsiveness of third-party apps.[citation needed]
In watchOS 5 and earlier, all watchOS apps are dependent apps – the watchOS app relies on an iOS companion app to function properly.[143] In watchOS 6 or later, developers can create completely independent watchOS apps, and no longer require an app to be installed on the paired iPhone. This was assisted by the introduction of a separate App Store on the Apple Watch itself.[144]
Reception
[edit]
Following the announcement, initial impressions from technology and watch industry observers were varied; the watch was praised by some for its "design, potential capabilities and eventual usefulness",[145] while others offered criticism of these same aspects.[145] Venture capitalist Marc Andreessen said he "can't wait" to try it,[146] and Steve Jobs' biographer Walter Isaacson described it as "extremely cool" and an example of future technology that is "much more embedded into our lives".[147] Evan Dashevsky of PC Magazine said it offered nothing new in terms of functionality compared to the Moto 360, except the customizable vibration notifications.[148] In November 2014, Apple Watch was listed by Time as one of the 25 Best Inventions of 2014.[149]

Initial reviews for the device have been generally positive with some caveats.[150] Reviewers praised the watch's potential ability to integrate into everyday life and the overall design of the product, but noted issues of speed and price. Many reviewers described the watch as functional and convenient, while also noting its failure to offer as much potential functionality as preceding smartphones. Farhad Manjoo of The New York Times mentioned the device's steep learning curve, stating it took him "three long, often confusing and frustrating days" to become accustomed to watchOS 1, but loved it thereafter.[151] Some reviewers also compared it to competing products, such as Android Wear devices, and claimed "The Smartwatch Finally Makes Sense".[152] Reviewers had mixed opinions on battery life though, with Geoffrey Fowler of The Wall Street Journal saying "the battery lives up to its all-day billing, but sometimes just barely,"[152] and others compared it to the Samsung Gear 2, which "strolls through three days of moderate usage."[153] Tim Bradshaw of the Financial Times used several applications over a period of days. He concluded that there is no "killer application" so far besides telling the time, which is the basic function of a wristwatch anyhow.[154]
When using the Apple Watch, some users have reported issues using the heart monitoring feature due to permanent skin conditions, including tattoos. The Watch uses photoplethysmography technology (PPG) that utilizes the green LEDs to measure heart rate.[155][156] To gauge a user's heart rate, the watch flashes green light from the LEDs at the skin and records the amount of this light that is absorbed by the red pigment of the blood.[157] Under certain circumstances, the skin may not allow for the light absorption to be read properly and thus provide inaccurate results.[155]
Some users have complained that the logo and text on the back of the Apple Watch Sport model, primarily the space gray version,[158] can be easily worn off.[159]
Sales
[edit]
Financial analysts offered early sales estimates from a few million to as many as 5 million in the first year.[160] Time's Tim Bajarin summarized the breadth of reactions, writing that "there is not enough information yet to determine how this product will fare when it finally reaches the market next year".[145]
Owing to the inadequacy of materials, the Apple Watch's delivery was delayed from its initial pre-order release date of April 10, 2015.[161] As a result, only 22 percent of the pre-ordered Apple Watches were dispatched in the United States during the weekend after the release date.[162] It is estimated Apple received almost one million Apple Watch pre-orders in the United States during the initial six hours of the pre-order period on April 10, 2015, after which it sold out and further orders would start delivering in June.[163] A report later on by an analyst stated that Apple Watch was already a $10 billion business during its first year.[164]
Apple has not disclosed any sales figures for the Apple Watch.[165] An estimate by IDC states Apple shipped over 12 million units in 2015.[166] In late 2016, a veteran of the Swiss watch industry said Apple sold about 20 million watches and had a market share of about 50 percent.[167] Analysts estimate Apple sold 18 million watches in 2017, 31 million in 2019, and 34 million in 2020.[168] In 2021, analysts estimated there were 100 million units in use.[169]
In 2020, Apple sold more watches than the entire Swiss watch industry, which includes Swatch and TAG Heuer among others.[170]
Controversy
[edit]In October 2024, the Apple Watch Series 10 received a sales ban in Indonesia, as an extension of the iPhone 16's sales ban.[130] The ban is due to Apple's failure to meet a 40% quota requirement for local component certification implemented by the Indonesian government, according to minister of industry Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita.[130][171]
Intellectual property disputes
[edit]In December 2019, Joseph Wiesel, a New York University cardiologist, sued Apple over allegations that the Apple Watch violates a patented method for detecting atrial fibrillation. Wiesel stated he had shared details of the patent with Apple in September 2017; the company refused to negotiate.[172]
Following Apple's announcement of the Series 7, an independent software development company filed a lawsuit against Apple alleging inappropriate copying of the software keyboard functionality from an app that Apple had previously rejected from its App Store.[173]
In October 2023, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) ruled that Apple Watch products infringed patents for light-based pulse oximetry that are owned by medical technology company Masimo. The company alleged that Apple had approached Masimo with offers to acquire or otherwise partner with the company, and went on to poach engineers from Masimo to develop the infringing technology after it declined the offers. This ruling would allow the ITC to impose an import ban, provided it is not overruled by presidential veto power within a 60-day review period ending December 25. Apple denied the allegations, stating that it had solicited partnerships with multiple vendors, declined to work with Masimo because they were not in the consumer market, and accused Masimo of attempting to "use the ITC to keep a potentially lifesaving product from millions of US consumers while making way for their own watch that copies Apple."[174]
On December 18, 2023, Apple began to halt sales of Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 in the United States.[175] On December 27, 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit granted a stay on the import ban pending an appeal.[176] On January 12, 2024, Masimo disclosed that the ITC had approved modifications to the products that would remove the infringing technology.[177] Blood oxygen monitoring is not available on Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 models sold in the United States after January 18, 2024, designated by part numbers ending in "LW/A".[116]
On August 14, 2025, Apple announced the return of blood oxygen monitoring to models affected by the import ban. They were able to do this by "redesigning" the feature to use the sensors on the watch and process them on the paired iPhone. The results would then be viewable in the Health app.[178] That same day, they released iOS 18.6.1 and watchOS 11.6.1, returning the feature. On August 19, 2025, the same changes were brought to the iOS 26 and watchOS 26 codebase with developer beta 7.[179]
Comparison of models
[edit]Life cycle
[edit]| Legend | Discontinued and unsupported | Discontinued and supported | Current | Upcoming |
|---|
| Model | Announced | Release | Discontinued | Latest release | Support lifespan | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OS | Date | OS | Date | ||||
| 1st | September 9, 2014 | watchOS 1.0 | April 24, 2015 | September 7, 2016 | watchOS 4.3.2[A] | September 17, 2018 | 3 years, 4 months |
| Series 1 | September 7, 2016 | watchOS 3.0 | September 12, 2016 | September 12, 2018 | watchOS 6.3[B] | September 15, 2020 | 4 years |
| Series 2 | September 16, 2016 | September 12, 2017 | 3 years, 11 months | ||||
| Series 3 | September 12, 2017 | watchOS 4.0 | September 22, 2017 | September 7, 2022 | watchOS 8.8.1[C] | September 13, 2022 | 4 years, 11 months |
| Series 4 | September 12, 2018 | watchOS 5.0 | September 21, 2018 | September 10, 2019 | watchOS 10.6.1 | September 16, 2024 | 5 years, 11 months |
| Series 5 | September 10, 2019 | watchOS 6.0 | September 20, 2019 | September 15, 2020 | 4 years, 11 months | ||
| SE (1st) | September 15, 2020 | watchOS 7.0 | September 18, 2020 | September 7, 2022 | 3 years, 11 months | ||
| Series 6 | September 14, 2021 | Latest watchOS watchOS 26 |
Supported | 5 years, 1 month + | |||
| Series 7 | September 14, 2021 | watchOS 8.0 | October 15, 2021 | September 7, 2022 | 4 years + | ||
| SE (2nd) | September 7, 2022 | watchOS 9.0 | September 16, 2022 | September 9, 2025 | 3 years, 1 month + | ||
| Series 8 | September 12, 2023 | 3 years, 1 month + | |||||
| Ultra (1st) | September 23, 2022 | 3 years, 1 month + | |||||
| Series 9 | September 12, 2023 | watchOS 10.0 | September 22, 2023 | September 9, 2024 | 2 years, 1 month + | ||
| Ultra 2 | watchOS 10.0 | September 22, 2023 | September 9, 2025 | 2 years, 1 month + | |||
| Series 10 | September 9, 2024 | watchOS 11.0 | September 20, 2024 | 1 year, 1 month + | |||
| SE 3 | September 9, 2025 | watchOS 26.0 | September 19, 2025 | In production | 1 month + | ||
| Series 11 | 1 month + | ||||||
| Ultra 3 | 1 month + | ||||||
Technical specifications
[edit]| Specification[180] | 1st[181] | Series 1[182] | Series 2[183] | Series 3[184] | Series 4[185] | Series 5[186] | SE (1st)[187] | Series 6[188] | Series 7[189] | SE (2nd)[190] | Series 8[191] | Ultra[192] | Series 9[193] | Ultra 2[194] | Series 10[195] | SE 3[196] | Series 11[197] | Ultra 3[198] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance | Water | IPX7 splash resistant (up to 1 meter) | ISO 22810:2010 water resistant (up to 50 meters) | ISO 22810:2010 water resistant (up to 100 meters) | ISO 22810:2010 water resistant (up to 50 meters) | ISO 22810:2010 water resistant (up to 100 meters) | ISO 22810:2010 water resistant (up to 50 meters) | ISO 22810:2010 water resistant (up to 100 meters) | ||||||||||||
| Dust | — | IP6X dust resistant[199] | — | IP6X dust resistant | — | IP6X dust resistant | ||||||||||||||
| Connectivity | Cellular (LTE / UMTS) | No | eSIM | eSIM | eSIM | eSIM | eSIM | eSIM | ||||||||||||
| Wireless networking | Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz) | Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) | Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz) | Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) | Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz) | Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) | ||||||||||||||
| Bluetooth | Bluetooth 4.0 | Bluetooth 4.2 | Bluetooth 5.0 | Bluetooth 5.3[200] | ||||||||||||||||
| Ultra-wideband | No | U1 chip[201] | No | U1 chip | Second-generation | No | Second-generation | |||||||||||||
| Satellite navigation | No | GPS and GLONASS | GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and QZSS | GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, and BeiDou[109] | GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and QZSS | GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, and BeiDou | ||||||||||||||
| Sensors | Optical heart sensor | 1st generation | 2nd generation | 3rd generation | 2nd generation | 3rd generation | 2nd generation | 3rd generation | ||||||||||||
| Electrical heart sensor (ECG/EKG) | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Blood oxygen sensor | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes (Requires update for U.S. models)[202] | No | Yes | |||||||||||||
| Temperature sensor | No | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accelerometer | 16g | 32g | High-g[200] | |||||||||||||||||
| Gyroscope | Yes | Improved | High dynamic range | |||||||||||||||||
| Ambient light sensor | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||
| Altimeter | No | Yes | Always on | |||||||||||||||||
| Compass | No | Yes[186] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Input and display | "Siri Speaks" and "Raise to Speak"[203] | No | Yes | |||||||||||||||||
| Display type | OLED Retina | LTPO OLED Retina | LTPO OLED Always-on Retina | LTPO OLED Retina | LTPO OLED Always-on Retina | LTPO OLED Retina | LTPO OLED Always-on Retina | |||||||||||||
| Force Touch | Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brightness (nits) | 450 | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | 2000 | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | ||||||||||||
| Pixel density | 326 ppi | |||||||||||||||||||
| Small diagonal size and resolution | 38 mm: 1.337in 272×340 pixels[204] |
40 mm: 1.549in 324×394 pixels[204][i] |
41 mm: 1.691in 352×430 pixels[i] |
40 mm: 1.549in 324×394 pixels[i] |
41 mm: 1.691in 352×430 pixels[i] |
1.936in 410×502 pixels[i] |
41 mm: 1.691in 352×430 pixels[i] |
1.936in 410×502 pixels[i] |
42 mm: 1.765in 374×446 pixels[i] |
40 mm: 1.549in 324×394 pixels[i] |
42 mm: 1.765in 374×446 pixels[i] |
1.984in 422×514 pixels[i] | ||||||||
| Large diagonal size and resolution | 42 mm: 1.533in 312×390 pixels[204] |
44 mm: 1.757in 368×448 pixels[204][i] |
45 mm: 1.901in 396×484 pixels[i] |
44 mm: 1.757in 368×448 pixels[i] |
45 mm: 1.901in 396×484 pixels[i] |
45 mm: 1.901in 396×484 pixels[i] |
46 mm: 1.960in 416×496 pixels[i] |
44 mm: 1.757in 368×448 pixels[i] |
46 mm: 1.960in 416×496 pixels[i] | |||||||||||
| Chipset | System in Package | Apple S1 | Apple S1P | Apple S2 | Apple S3 | Apple S4 | Apple S5 | Apple S6 | Apple S7 | Apple S8 | Apple S9 | Apple S10 | ||||||||
| CPU | 520 MHz 32-bit single-core[205] | 520 MHz 32-bit dual-core[206] | 32-bit dual-core | 64-bit dual-core Tempest | 64-bit dual-core Thunder | 64-bit dual-core Sawtooth | ||||||||||||||
| Storage | 8 GB[205] | GPS: 8 GB GPS + Cellular: 16 GB |
16 GB | 32 GB | 64 GB | |||||||||||||||
| RAM | 512 MB DRAM[205][207] | 768 MB DRAM[208] | 1 GB DRAM[209][210] | |||||||||||||||||
| OS | Initial | watchOS 1.0 | watchOS 3.0 | watchOS 4.0 | watchOS 5.0 | watchOS 6.0 | watchOS 7.0 | watchOS 8.0 | watchOS 9.0 | watchOS 10.0 | watchOS 11.0 | watchOS 26.0 | ||||||||
| Latest | watchOS 4.3.2 | watchOS 6.3 | watchOS 8.8.1 | watchOS 10.6.1 | watchOS 26.0.2 | |||||||||||||||
| Minimum devices and iOS |
iPhone 5 iOS 8.2 |
iPhone 5 iOS 10[211] |
GPS: iPhone 5S iOS 11 GPS + Cellular: iPhone 6 iOS 11 |
GPS: iPhone 5S iOS 12 GPS + Cellular: iPhone 6 iOS 12 |
iPhone 6s iOS 13 |
iPhone 6s iOS 14 |
iPhone 6s iOS 15 |
iPhone 8 iOS 16 |
iPhone XS iOS 17 |
iPhone XS iOS 18 |
iPhone 11 iOS 26 | |||||||||
| Battery | Small case capacity | 205 mA·h, 3.8 V, 0.78 W·h[212] | 273 mA·h, 3.77 V, 1.03 W·h[213] | GPS: 262 mA·h, 3.81 V, 1.00 W·h[214] | 224.9 mA·h, 3.81 V, 0.858 W·h[215] | 245 mA·h, 3.85 V, 0.944 W·h[215][216] | 265.9 mA·h, 3.85 V, 1.024 W·h[217] | 284.2 mA·h, 3.85 V, 1.094 W·h[218] | GPS: 209 mA·h, 3.86 V, 0.807 W·h | 284 mA·h, 3.85 V, 1.094 W·h | 542 mA·h, 3.86 V, 2.094 W·h[219] | 282 mA·h, 3.87 V, 1.091 W·h | 564 mA·h, 3.86 V, 2.178 W·h | 290 mA·h, 3.86 V, 1.118 W·h | 1.017 W·h | 1.245 W·h | 599 mA·h, 3.86 V, 2.313 W·h | |||
| GPS + Cellular: 279 mA·h, 3.82 V, 1.07 W·h[220] | GPS + Cellular: 245 mA·h, 3.85 V, 0.944 W·h | |||||||||||||||||||
| Large case capacity | 246 mA·h, 3.78 V, 0.93 W·h[212] | 334 mA·h, 3.8 V, 1.27 W·h[221] | GPS: 342 mA·h, 3.82 V, 1.31 W·h[222] | 291.8 mA·h, 3.81 V, 1.113 W·h[223] | 296 mA·h, 3.814 V, 1.129 W·h[224][225] | 303.8 mA·h, 3.85 V, 1.17 W·h[217] | 308.8 mA·h, 3.85 V, 1.189 W·h[218] | 296 mA·h, 3.814 V, 1.129 W·h | 308 mA·h, 3.86 V, 1.19 W·h | 308 mA·h, 3.86 V, 1.19 W·h | 327 mA·h, 3.87 V, 1.266 W·h | 1.276 W·h | 1.403 W·h | |||||||
| GPS + Cellular: 352 mA·h, 3.82 V, 1.34 W·h[226] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Charge times | — | ~1.5 hours to 80% ~2 hours to 100%[227][228] |
~1.5 hours to 80% ~2.5 hours to 100%[227] |
~1 hour to 80% ~1.5 hours to 100%[229] |
~45 minutes to 80% ~75 minutes to 100%[230] |
~1.5 hours to 80% ~2.5 hours to 100% |
~45 minutes to 80% ~75 minutes to 100% |
~1 hour to 80% ~1.5 hours to 100% |
~45 minutes to 80% | ~1 hour to 80% | ~30 minutes to 80% | ~45 minutes to 80% | ~30 minutes to 80% | ~45 minutes to 80% | ||||||
| Battery life | 24h | 18h | 36h | 18h | 36h | 18h | 24h | 42h | ||||||||||||
| Greenhouse gas emissions | 50 kg CO2e[231] | 20 kg CO2e[232] | 30 kg CO2e[233] | GPS: 28 kg CO2e[234] GPS + Cellular: 36 kg CO2e[235] |
GPS: 38 kg CO2e[236] GPS + Cellular: 39 kg CO2e[237] |
40 kg CO2e[238] | 35 kg CO2e[239] | 36 kg CO2e[240] | 34 kg CO2e[241] | 31 kg CO2e[242] | 33 kg CO2e[243] | 56 kg CO2e[244] | 29 kg CO2e[245] | 12 kg CO2e[246] | 8.3 kg CO2e[247] | 8.2 kg CO2e[248] | 8.1 kg CO2e[249] | 11 kg CO2e[250] | ||
| Dates | Introduced | September 9, 2014 | September 7, 2016 | September 12, 2017 | September 12, 2018 | September 10, 2019 | September 15, 2020 | September 14, 2021 | September 7, 2022 | September 12, 2023 | September 9, 2024 | September 9, 2025 | ||||||||
| Released | April 24, 2015 | September 12, 2016 | September 16, 2016 | September 22, 2017 | September 21, 2018 | September 25, 2019 | September 18, 2020 | October 15, 2021 | September 16, 2022 | September 23, 2022 | September 22, 2023 | September 20, 2024 | September 19, 2025 | |||||||
| Discontinued | September 7, 2016 | September 12, 2018 | September 12, 2017 | September 7, 2022 | September 10, 2019 | September 15, 2020 | September 7, 2022 | October 8, 2021[251] | September 7, 2022 | September 9, 2025 | September 12, 2023 | September 9, 2024 | September 9, 2025 | In production | ||||||
| Unsupported | September 17, 2018 | December 14, 2020 | September 12, 2022 | September 16, 2024 | Current | |||||||||||||||
| Model numbers[252] | A1553 (38 mm) A1554 (42 mm) |
A1802 (38 mm) A1803 (42 mm) |
A1757 (38 mm) A1758 (42 mm) Edition: A1816 (38 mm) A1817 (42 mm) |
GPS: A1858 (38 mm) A1859 (42 mm) GPS + Cellular: Americas: A1860 (38 mm) A1861 (42 mm) Europe and Asia Pacific: A1889 (38 mm) A1891 (42 mm) China mainland: A1890 (38 mm) A1892 (42 mm) |
GPS: A1977 (40 mm) A1978 (44 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America: A1975 (40 mm) A1976 (44 mm) Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2007 (40 mm) A2008 (44 mm) |
GPS: A2092 (40 mm) A2093 (44 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America: A2094 (40 mm) A2095 (44 mm) Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2156 (40 mm) A2157 (44 mm) |
GPS: A2351 (40 mm) A2352 (44 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America: A2353 (40 mm) A2354 (44 mm) Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2355 (40 mm) A2356 (44 mm) |
GPS: A2291 (40 mm) A2292 (44 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America: A2293 (40 mm) A2294 (44 mm) Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2375 (40 mm) A2376 (44 mm) |
GPS: A2473 (41 mm) A2474 (45 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America: A2475 (41 mm) A2477 (45 mm) Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2476 (41 mm) A2478 (45 mm) |
GPS: A2722 (40 mm) A2723 (44 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America: A2726 (40 mm) A2727 (44 mm) Europe and Asia Pacific: A2725 (40 mm) A2724 (44 mm) China mainland: A2855 (40 mm) A2856 (44 mm) |
GPS: A2770 (41 mm) A2771 (45 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America: A2772 (41 mm) A2774 (45 mm) Europe and Asia Pacific: A2773 (41 mm) A2775 (45 mm) China mainland: A2857 (41 mm) A2858 (45 mm) |
North America: A2622 Europe and Asia Pacific: A2684 China mainland: A2859 |
GPS: A2978 (41 mm) A2980 (45 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America, Europe and Asia Pacific: A2982 (41 mm) A2984 (45 mm) China mainland: A2983 (41 mm) A2985 (45 mm) |
North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific: A2986 China mainland: A2987 |
GPS: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific: A2997 (42 mm) A2999 (46 mm) China mainland, Indonesia: A2998 (42 mm) A3000 (46 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific: A3001 (42 mm) A3003 (46 mm) China mainland, Indonesia: A3002 (42 mm) A3006 (46 mm) |
GPS: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific: A3324 (40 mm) A3325 (42 mm) China mainland: A3391 (40 mm) A3392 (44 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific: A3326 (40 mm) A3328 (44 mm) China mainland: A3327 (40 mm) A3329 (44 mm) |
GPS: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific: A3331 (42 mm) A3333 (46 mm) China mainland: A3450 (42 mm) A3451 (46 mm) GPS + Cellular: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific: A3335 (42 mm) A3337 (46 mm) China mainland: A3452 (42 mm) A3453 (46 mm) |
North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific: A3281 China mainland: A3282 | ||
| Starting price (US) small / large |
Base model (Aluminum) | $349 / $399[253] | $269[254] | $369[254] | GPS: $329 / 359 GPS + Cellular: $399[255] |
GPS: $399 / $429 GPS + Cellular: $499 / $529[256][257][258] |
GPS: $279 / $309 GPS + Cellular: $329 / $359[259] |
GPS: $399 / $429 GPS + Cellular: $499 / $529 |
GPS: $249 / $279 GPS + Cellular: $279 / $329 |
GPS: $399 / $429 GPS + Cellular: $499 / $529 |
— | GPS: $399 / $429 GPS + Cellular: $499 / $529 |
— | GPS: $399 / $429 GPS + Cellular: $499 / $529 |
GPS: $249 / $279 GPS + Cellular: $279 / $329 |
GPS: $399 / $429 GPS + Cellular: $499 / $529 |
— | |||
| Stainless steel | $549 / $599[253] | — | $549 | $749 / $799[260] | $699 / $749[256][258] | — | $699 / $749 | — | $699 / $749 | $699 / $749 | — | — | — | |||||||
| Titanium | — | — | — | $799 | — | $799 | $699 / $749 | $699 / $749 | $799 | |||||||||||
| Nike+ | $369[254] | GPS: $329[255] | $399[257][258] | $279 | $399 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Hermès | $1,149[254] | $1,149[255] | $1,249[257][258] | — | $1,229 | $1,229 | $1,249 / $1,299 | $1,399 | $1,249 / $1,299 | $1,249 / $1,299 | $1,399 | |||||||||
| Edition | $10,000 / $12,000[261] | $1,249 / $1,299[262] | $1,299 / $1,349[260] | — | $799 (Titanium)[258] $1,299 (Ceramic)[263] |
$799 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Physical specifications
[edit]| Series | Small | Large | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | Stainless Steel | Titanium | Edition[ii] | Image | Aluminium | Stainless Steel | Titanium | Edition[iii] | Image | ||
| 1st[264][181][265] | H | 38.6 mm (1.52 in) | 42.0 mm (1.65 in) | ||||||||
| W | 33.3 mm (1.31 in) | 35.9 mm (1.41 in) | |||||||||
| D | 10.5 mm (0.41 in) | 10.5 mm (0.41 in) | |||||||||
| Weight | 25 g (0.88 oz) | 40 g (1.4 oz) | — | 54–55 g (1.9–1.9 oz) | 30 g (1.1 oz) | 50 g (1.8 oz) | — | 67–69 g (2.4–2.4 oz) | |||
| Series 1[182] | H | 38.6 mm (1.52 in) | — | 42.5 mm (1.67 in) | — | ||||||
| W | 33.3 mm (1.31 in) | — | 36.4 mm (1.43 in) | — | |||||||
| D | 10.5 mm (0.41 in) | — | 10.5 mm (0.41 in) | — | |||||||
| Weight | 25 g (0.88 oz) | — | 30 g (1.1 oz) | — | |||||||
| Series 2[183] | H | 38.6 mm (1.52 in) | — | 39.2 mm (1.54 in) | 42.5 mm (1.67 in) | — | 42.6 mm (1.68 in) | ||||
| W | 33.3 mm (1.31 in) | — | 34.0 mm (1.34 in) | 36.4 mm (1.43 in) | — | 36.5 mm (1.44 in) | |||||
| D | 11.4 mm (0.45 in) | — | 11.8 mm (0.46 in) | 11.4 mm (0.45 in) | — | 11.8 mm (0.46 in) | |||||
| Weight | 28.2 g (0.99 oz) | 41.9 g (1.48 oz) | — | 39.6 g (1.40 oz) | 34.2 g (1.21 oz) | 52.4 g (1.85 oz) | — | 45.6 g (1.61 oz) | |||
| Series 3[184] | H | 38.6 mm (1.52 in) | — | 39.2 mm (1.54 in) | 42.5 mm (1.67 in) | — | 42.6 mm (1.68 in) | ||||
| W | 33.3 mm (1.31 in) | — | 34.0 mm (1.34 in) | 36.4 mm (1.43 in) | — | 36.5 mm (1.44 in) | |||||
| D | 11.4 mm (0.45 in) | — | 11.8 mm (0.46 in) | 11.4 mm (0.45 in) | — | 11.8 mm (0.46 in) | |||||
| Weight | 26.7–28.7 g (0.94–1.01 oz) | 42.4 g (1.50 oz) | — | 40.1 g (1.41 oz) | 32.3–34.9 g (1.14–1.23 oz) | 52.8 g (1.86 oz) | — | 46.4 g (1.64 oz) | |||
| Series 4[185] | H | 40 mm (1.6 in) | — | 44 mm (1.7 in) | — | ||||||
| W | 34 mm (1.3 in) | — | 38 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||||||
| D | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | |||||||
| Weight | 30.1 g (1.06 oz) | 39.8 g (1.40 oz) | — | 36.7 g (1.29 oz) | 47.9 g (1.69 oz) | — | |||||
| Series 5[186] | H | 40 mm (1.6 in) | 44 mm (1.7 in) | ||||||||
| W | 34 mm (1.3 in) | 38 mm (1.5 in) | |||||||||
| D | 10.74 mm (0.423 in) | 10.74 mm (0.423 in) | |||||||||
| Weight | 30.8 g (1.09 oz) | 40.6 g (1.43 oz) | — | 35.1 / 39.7 g (1.24 / 1.40 oz) Ti/C | 36.5 g (1.29 oz) | 47.8 g (1.69 oz) | — | 41.7 / 46.7 g (1.47 / 1.65 oz) Ti/C | |||
| SE (1st)[187] | H | 40 mm (1.6 in) | — | 44 mm (1.7 in) | — | ||||||
| W | 34 mm (1.3 in) | — | 38 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||||||
| D | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | |||||||
| Weight | 30.49–30.68 g (1.076–1.082 oz) | — | 36.20–36.36 g (1.277–1.283 oz) | — | |||||||
| Series 6[188] | H | 40 mm (1.6 in) | 44 mm (1.7 in) | ||||||||
| W | 34 mm (1.3 in) | 38 mm (1.5 in) | |||||||||
| D | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | |||||||||
| Weight | 30.5 g (1.08 oz) | 39.7 g (1.40 oz) | — | 34.6 g (1.22 oz) | 36.5 g (1.29 oz) | 47.1 g (1.66 oz) | — | 41.3 g (1.46 oz) | |||
| Series 7[189] | H | 41 mm (1.6 in) | 45 mm (1.8 in) | ||||||||
| W | 35 mm (1.4 in) | 38 mm (1.5 in) | |||||||||
| D | 10.74 mm (0.423 in) | 10.74 mm (0.423 in) | |||||||||
| Weight | 32.0 g (1.13 oz) | 42.3 g (1.49 oz) | — | 37 g (1.3 oz) | 38.8 g (1.37 oz) | 51.5 g (1.82 oz) | — | 45.1 g (1.59 oz) | |||
| SE (2nd)[190] | H | 40 mm (1.6 in) | — | 44 mm (1.7 in) | — | ||||||
| W | 34 mm (1.3 in) | — | 38 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||||||
| D | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | |||||||
| Weight | 26.4–27.8 g (0.93–0.98 oz) | — | 32.9–33.0 g (1.16–1.16 oz) | — | |||||||
| Series 8[191] | H | 41 mm (1.6 in) | — | 45 mm (1.8 in) | — | ||||||
| W | 35 mm (1.4 in) | — | 38 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||||||
| D | 10.74 mm (0.423 in) | — | 10.74 mm (0.423 in) | — | |||||||
| Weight | 31.9–32.2 g (1.13–1.14 oz) | 42.3 g (1.49 oz) | — | 38.8–39.1 g (1.37–1.38 oz) | 51.5 g (1.82 oz) | — | |||||
| Ultra[192] | H | — | 49 mm (1.9 in) | ||||||||
| W | 44 mm (1.7 in) | ||||||||||
| D | 14.4 mm (0.57 in) | ||||||||||
| Weight | 61.3 g (2.16 oz) | ||||||||||
| Series 9[193] | H | 41 mm (1.6 in) | — | 45 mm (1.8 in) | — | ||||||
| W | 35 mm (1.4 in) | — | 38 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||||||
| D | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | |||||||
| Weight | 31.9–32.1 g (1.13–1.13 oz) | 42.3 g (1.49 oz) | — | 38.7–39 g (1.37–1.38 oz) | 51.5 g (1.82 oz) | — | |||||
| Ultra 2[194] | H | — | 49 mm (1.9 in) | ||||||||
| W | 44 mm (1.7 in) | ||||||||||
| D | 14.4 mm (0.57 in) | ||||||||||
| Weight | 61.4–61.8 g (2.17–2.18 oz) | ||||||||||
| Series 10[195] | H | 42 mm (1.7 in) | — | 42 mm (1.7 in) | — | 46 mm (1.8 in) | — | 46 mm (1.8 in) | — | ||
| W | 36 mm (1.4 in) | — | 36 mm (1.4 in) | — | 39 mm (1.5 in) | — | 39 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||
| D | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | |||
| Weight | 29.3–30 g (1.03–1.06 oz) | — | 34.4 g (1.21 oz) | — | 35.3–36.4 g (1.25–1.28 oz) | — | 41.7 g (1.47 oz) | — | |||
| SE 3[196] | H | 40 mm (1.6 in) | — | 44 mm (1.7 in) | — | ||||||
| W | 34 mm (1.3 in) | — | 38 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||||||
| D | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | 10.7 mm (0.42 in) | — | |||||||
| Weight | 26.3–26.4 g (0.93–0.93 oz) | — | 32.9–33.0 g (1.16–1.16 oz) | — | |||||||
| Series 11[197] | H | 42 mm (1.7 in) | — | 42 mm (1.7 in) | — | 46 mm (1.8 in) | — | 46 mm (1.8 in) | — | ||
| W | 36 mm (1.4 in) | — | 36 mm (1.4 in) | — | 39 mm (1.5 in) | — | 39 mm (1.5 in) | — | |||
| D | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) | — | |||
| Weight | 29.7–30.3 g (1.05–1.07 oz) | — | 34.6 g (1.22 oz) | — | 36.9–37.8 g (1.30–1.33 oz) | — | 43.1 g (1.52 oz) | — | |||
| Ultra 3[198] | H | — | 49 mm (1.9 in) | ||||||||
| W | 44 mm (1.7 in) | ||||||||||
| D | 14.4 mm (0.57 in) | ||||||||||
| Weight | 61.6–61.8 g (2.17–2.18 oz) | ||||||||||
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Viewable area reduced by rounded corners
- ^ 18K gold (1st gen), Ceramic (Series 2/3/5), or Titanium (Series 5/6/7) body. Apple dropped the "Edition" moniker with the release of Series 8.
- ^ 18K gold (1st gen), Ceramic (Series 2/3/5), or Titanium (Series 5/6/7) body. Apple dropped the "Edition" moniker with the release of Series 8.
Collections and materials
[edit]| Series[252] | Watch | Nike+ | Hermès | Edition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Body | "Sport": Aluminum (Silver, Space Gray, Rose Gold, Gold)[264] |
Stainless steel (Polished or Space Black)[181] |
— | — | 18K Gold (Rose or Yellow)[265] | |
| Crystal | "Sport": Ion-X[264] | Sapphire[181] | Sapphire[265] | ||||
| Back | "Sport": Composite[264] | Ceramic[181] | Ceramic[265] | ||||
| Series 1 | Body | Aluminum (Space Gray, Gold, Rose Gold, Silver) |
— | ||||
| Crystal | Ion-X | ||||||
| Back | Composite | ||||||
| Series 2 | Body | Aluminum (Space Gray, Gold, Rose Gold, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Space Black, Polished) |
Aluminum (Space Gray, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Polished) |
Ceramic (White) | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Ion-X | Sapphire | |||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic | Ceramic with Hermès logo | Ceramic | |||
| Series 3 | Body | Aluminum (Space Gray, Gold, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Space Black, Polished) |
Aluminum (Space Gray, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Polished) |
Ceramic (White, Gray) | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Ion-X | Sapphire | |||
| Back | Composite (GPS) | Ceramic | Composite (GPS) with Nike logo | Ceramic with Hermès logo | Ceramic | ||
| Ceramic (GPS+LTE) | Ceramic (GPS+LTE) with Nike Logo | ||||||
| Series 4 | Body | Aluminum (Space Gray, Gold, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Polished, Space Black, Gold) |
Aluminum (Space Gray, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Polished) |
— | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Ion-X | Sapphire | |||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic with Nike logo | Ceramic with Hermès logo | ||||
| Series 5 | Body | Aluminum (Space Gray, Gold, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Polished, Space Black, Gold) |
Aluminum (Space Gray, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Polished, Space Black) |
Titanium (Dark, Light) |
Ceramic (White) |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Ion-X | Sapphire | |||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic with Nike logo | Ceramic with Hermès logo | Ceramic | |||
| SE (1st) | Body | Aluminum (Space Gray, Gold, Silver) |
Aluminum (Space Gray, Silver) |
— | |||
| Crystal | Ion-X | Ion-X | |||||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic with Nike logo | |||||
| Series 6 | Body | Aluminum (Space Gray, Gold, Silver, Red, Blue) |
Stainless steel (Silver, Graphite, Gold) |
Aluminum (Space Gray, Silver) |
Stainless steel (Silver, Space Black) |
Titanium (Natural, Space Black) | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Ion-X | Sapphire | |||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic with Nike logo | Ceramic with Hermès logo | Ceramic | |||
| Series 7 | Body | Aluminum (Midnight, Starlight, Green, Blue, (PRODUCT)RED) |
Stainless steel (Silver, Graphite, Gold) |
Aluminum (Midnight, Starlight) |
Stainless steel (Silver, Space Black) |
Titanium (Natural, Space Black) | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Ion-X | Sapphire | |||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic with Nike logo | Ceramic with Hermès logo | Ceramic | |||
| SE (2nd) | Body | Aluminum (Midnight, Starlight, Silver) |
— | ||||
| Crystal | Ion-X | ||||||
| Back | Composite | ||||||
| Series 8 | Body | Aluminum (Midnight, Starlight, Silver, (PRODUCT)RED) |
Stainless steel (Silver, Graphite, Gold) |
— | Stainless steel (Silver, Space Black) |
— | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Sapphire | ||||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic with Hermès logo | |||||
| Ultra | Body | Titanium | — | ||||
| Crystal | Sapphire | ||||||
| Back | Ceramic | ||||||
| Series 9 | Body | Aluminum
(Midnight, Starlight, Silver, Pink, (PRODUCT)RED) |
Stainless steel
(Silver, Graphite, Gold) |
— | Stainless steel (Silver, Space Black) |
— | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Sapphire | ||||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic with Hermès logo | |||||
| Ultra 2 | Body | Titanium
(Natural, Black) |
— | Titanium
(Natural) |
— | ||
| Crystal | Sapphire | Sapphire | |||||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic | |||||
| Series 10 | Body | Aluminum
(Jet Black, Rose Gold, Silver) |
Titanium
(Natural, Slate, Gold) |
— | Titanium
(Silver) |
— | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Sapphire | ||||
| Back | Aluminum | Titanium | Titanium with Hermès logo | ||||
| SE 3 | Body | Aluminum (Midnight, Starlight) |
— | ||||
| Crystal | Ion-X | ||||||
| Back | Composite | ||||||
| Series 11 | Body | Aluminum (Jet Black, Rose Gold, Silver, Space Gray) |
Titanium (Natural, Slate, Gold) |
— | Titanium (Silver) |
— | |
| Crystal | Ion-X | Sapphire | Sapphire | ||||
| Back | Aluminum | Titanium | Titanium with Hermès logo | ||||
| Ultra 3 | Body | Titanium (Natural, Black) |
— | Titanium (Natural) |
— | ||
| Crystal | Sapphire | Sapphire | |||||
| Back | Ceramic | Ceramic | |||||
- 1st generation only: Apple Watch was sold as "Apple Watch Sport" (Aluminum body) and "Apple Watch" (Stainless steel body). Later generations sold both body materials as "Apple Watch".
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ In September 2016, the second generation of Apple Watch was divided into two Series, the Series 2 and the budget Series 1, with different internal components.[9] In September 2020, the sixth generation of Apple Watch was divided into the Series 6 and the budget SE, also carrying different internal components.[10] In September 2022, the eighth generation of Apple Watch was divided into the Series 8, the updated second generation of the budget SE, and the Ultra, again each with different internal components, and also with different external appearances.[11]
For convenience sake, this article treats each SE generation and the Ultra as the equivalent of a numbered Series. - ^ Except for the initial configuration, a "Family Setup" option removes the need for an iPhone altogether, although fewer features are supported.[16][17]
References
[edit]- ^ Dou, Eva (June 20, 2014). "Who Is Apple's Watch Maker?". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
- ^ Rossignol, Joe (September 26, 2018). "Apple Watch Series 4 Expected to Gain Second Manufacturer Following 'Much Better Than Expected' Demand". MacRumors. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
- ^ "Apple Statistics (2024)". Business of Apps. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
- ^ a b "The Verge live blog". The Verge. Vox Media. September 9, 2014. Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
- ^ a b Etherington, Darrell (January 27, 2015). "Tim Cook Says Apple Watch Ships In April". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
- ^ "Apple Watch is 'world's best selling wearable' with 4.2 million shifted in Q2". Archived from the original on July 24, 2015.; "Apple Watch Price Details in India". Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- ^ Cybart, Neil (February 11, 2021). "Apple Watch Is Now Worn on 100 Million Wrists". Above Avalon. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
- ^ Slavov, Mariyan (September 16, 2020). "Apple Watch Series 6 vs Series 5: What are the differences". PhoneArena.com. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.; Butler, Sydney (February 6, 2020). "How to determine which Apple Watch model you have". 9to5Mac. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.; Loyola, Roman (November 14, 2018). "Which Apple Watch? How to pick the Apple Watch that's right for you". Macworld. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.; Eadicicco, Lisa (September 4, 2020). "The Apple Watch is finally getting 1 major feature it's been missing that Fitbit has offered for year". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- ^ a b Caldwell, Serenity (November 21, 2016). "Apple Watch Series 1 review: Second-best is still pretty darn good". iMore. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- ^ "Apple Unveils New Watch, iPad During Virtual Event". NBC Bay Area. September 15, 2020. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
- ^ a b Song, Victoria (September 7, 2022). "Apple Watch Series 8, SE, and Ultra hands-on: triple the fun". The Verge. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
- ^ Charlton, Hartley (September 17, 2020). "Apple Watch Series 6 vs. Apple Watch SE Buyer's Guide". MacRumors. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- ^ a b Clover, Juli (June 8, 2020). "Picking the Best Apple Watch to Buy in 2020". MacRumors. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- ^ "Use your Apple Watch without your iPhone nearby". Apple, Inc. September 17, 2020. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- ^ "Connect your Apple Watch to Wi-Fi for direct online usage – here's how". iMore. July 30, 2019. Archived from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- ^ a b Gil, Lory (September 15, 2020). "Apple Watch Cellular vs GPS: What's the difference?". iMore. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
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External links
[edit]- Apple Watch – official site
Apple Watch
View on Grokipedia
Compatibility with older iOS
However, the Apple Watch For Your Kids feature (formerly known as Family Setup), introduced with watchOS 7, allows an organizer using their iPhone to set up a GPS + Cellular Apple Watch for a family member who does not own an iPhone. This enables independent use for calls, messages, location sharing, Apple Pay, and other functions with the watch having its own phone number via a cellular plan and its own Apple ID (often a managed child account through Family Sharing). Key requirements include:- A cellular-capable Apple Watch (Series 4 or later, or SE models with cellular)
- Organizer's iPhone (iPhone 6s or later, with compatible iOS version—initially iOS 14+, now updated for current watchOS)
- Membership in a Family Sharing group
- Two-factor authentication enabled on accounts
- On the parent's iPhone, go to Settings > Screen Time > [Child's name] > Communication Limits.
- Turn on "Manage [Child's Name] Contacts". If the child has existing iCloud contacts, they may receive a notification on their Apple Watch (or other signed-in device) to approve the request; they must tap Allow.
- If the toggle is stuck or no approval appears, toggle it off and back on to trigger a fresh prompt.
- Once enabled, tap the contacts row to add or edit: select from the parent's Contacts app (with options to rename for the child, e.g., "Grandma" instead of full name), or add new by entering a name and phone number/email.
- Changes sync automatically to the child's Apple Watch.
History
Development
The Apple Watch project originated in late 2011, shortly after Steve Jobs' death on October 5, 2011, when Apple's chief design officer Jony Ive began exploring concepts for a wrist-worn computing device. Ive, inspired by the need to extend iPhone capabilities into personal wearables, assembled a core team of designers including Alan Dye to prototype revolutionary form factors that prioritized aesthetics, usability, and integration with health monitoring features.[20] Formal development accelerated in early 2012, following the iPhone 4S launch, with Ive confirming that substantive discussions on the project—initially codenamed iWatch—did not commence until then. The effort expanded to involve hundreds of engineers and designers tackling technical hurdles such as compact power-efficient processors, flexible displays, and haptic feedback systems tailored for wrist interaction. Ive's Industrial Design Group led the aesthetic evolution, iterating through numerous prototypes to achieve a sapphire crystal face and customizable bands while ensuring biocompatibility for skin contact.[21][22]
Announcement and Initial Release

Generational Evolution
The Apple Watch originated with the first-generation model, released on April 24, 2015, equipped with the single-core S1 system-in-a-package (SiP) processor, which managed core functions like notifications, basic fitness tracking via an optical heart rate sensor, and timekeeping but suffered from performance lag due to its 520 MHz speed and integrated design handling display driving, wireless connectivity, and motion processing.[32] This initial architecture laid the foundation for wearable computing but required offloading complex tasks to paired iPhones, limiting standalone utility.[33] Early iterations addressed speed and autonomy: the Series 1 (September 2016) upgraded to the dual-core S1P for approximately 50% faster performance while retaining the original display sizes of 38 mm and 42 mm; the Series 2 (September 2016) introduced the S2 dual-core SiP with built-in GPS for independent location tracking and 50-meter water resistance, enabling swim-proof operation without compromising the 18-hour battery life benchmark established from launch.[34] The Series 3 (September 2017) added the S3 dual-core processor with a W2 wireless chip supporting optional LTE connectivity for cellular independence, alongside a barometric altimeter for accurate elevation data during activities like hiking.[32] A pivotal shift occurred with Series 4 (September 2018), which debuted the 64-bit S4 dual-core SiP—clocked at 2x the GPU speed of prior models—for enhanced graphics and app responsiveness, paired with a redesigned chassis expanding display area by 30% to 40 mm and 44 mm sizes and introducing electrical heart sensors for electrocardiogram (ECG) readings to detect atrial fibrillation.[35] Fall detection via accelerometer and gyroscope data was also added, alerting emergency services if the wearer remained immobile post-impact. Subsequent models built on this: Series 5 (2019) integrated the S5 SiP with a always-on LTPO OLED Retina display for glanceable information without wrist-raising; Series 6 (2020) featured the S6 SiP with U1 ultra-wideband chip for precise finding, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring via red and infrared LEDs, and brighter always-on screens.[36] Refinements continued with larger, more durable designs: Series 7 (2021) employed the S7 SiP in 41 mm and 45 mm cases with IP6X dust resistance and 33% faster charging; Series 8 (2022) added the S8 SiP, skin temperature sensing for cycle tracking, and crash detection using expanded sensor fusion.[33] The S9 SiP in Series 9 (2023) doubled neural engine performance for on-device Siri processing and introduced a double-tap gesture via neural network interpretation of finger motion, alongside a 2000-nit display peak.[11] Series 10 (2024) advanced to the S10 SiP—a smaller die variant supporting wide-angle OLED for better viewing angles—with a thinner 9.7 mm chassis, 40% larger display area in 42 mm and 46 mm sizes, and sleep apnea notifications derived from breathing disturbance analysis over 30 days.[34] For the first time in 2025, the Series 11 retained the S10 SiP without a new chip generation, emphasizing software optimizations and 5G enhancements over hardware leaps.[37]| Generation | Key Processor Upgrade | Display/Design Evolution | Health/Feature Additions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Series 0 (2015) | S1 single-core | 38/42 mm Retina OLED | Optical HR, accelerometer |
| Series 1-3 (2016-2017) | S1P/S2/S3 dual-core | Same sizes; GPS (S2), LTE (S3) | Altimeter (S3) |
| Series 4-6 (2018-2020) | S4-S6 64-bit dual-core | Larger 40/44 mm; always-on (S5), SpO2 (S6) | ECG, fall detection (S4); U1 chip (S6) |
| Series 7-9 (2021-2023) | S7-S9 with neural focus | 41/45 mm; dust resistance (S7), brighter (S9) | Temp sensor, crash detection (S8); double-tap (S9) |
| Series 10+ (2024-) | S10 (reused in 2025) | Thinner, wide-angle OLED, larger area | Sleep apnea detection[34][11][37] |
Models
First Generation


Series 1 and 2


| Feature | Series 1 | Series 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Processor | S1P (dual-core) | S2 (dual-core, 50% faster) |
| Display Brightness | Up to 500 nits | Up to 1,000 nits (2x brighter) |
| GPS | No (relies on iPhone) | Built-in GPS/GLONASS |
| Water Resistance | Splash resistant | 50 meters |
| Case Materials | Aluminum only | Aluminum or stainless steel |
| Back Material | Composite | Ceramic |
| Altimeter | No | Barometric |
| Starting Price (38 mm) | $249 | $369 |
Series 3


Series 4


Series 5 and First-Generation SE


Series 6
The Apple Watch Series 6 was announced on September 15, 2020, alongside the Apple Watch SE and updates to watchOS 7.[68] It became available for pre-order on the same day and began shipping on September 18, 2020.[69] Apple discontinued the model on September 14, 2021, following the release of the Series 7.[70] The Series 6 introduced hardware enhancements focused on health monitoring and performance, including a new blood oxygen sensor and the S6 processor.[68]

Series 7


Series 8, Second-Generation SE, and Ultra


| Feature | Series 8 | SE (2nd gen) | Ultra |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case sizes | 41 mm, 45 mm aluminum | 40 mm, 44 mm aluminum | 49 mm titanium |
| Display | Always-on LTPO OLED, 1,000 nits | LTPO OLED, 1,000 nits (no always-on) | LTPO OLED, 2,000 nits |
| Key sensors | Temp, ECG, BOx, crash detection | Crash detection, heart rate | All Series 8 + depth, water temp |
| Battery life | 18 hours, fast charge | 18 hours, standard charge | 36 hours (60 low power), standard |
| Starting price (GPS) | $399 | $249 | N/A (Cellular only $799) |
Series 9 and Ultra 2
The Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 were announced on September 12, 2023, during Apple's annual fall event, with pre-orders starting the same day and general availability beginning September 22, 2023.[99][100] Both models introduced the S9 system in package (SiP), a 64-bit dual-core processor enabling on-device Siri processing for faster response times without cloud dependency, and a new double-tap gesture allowing users to perform actions like answering calls or scrolling by tapping the index finger and thumb together.[99] They also featured always-on Retina LTPO OLED displays with up to 2,000 nits peak brightness for Series 9 (3,000 nits for Ultra 2), supporting ultra-wideband chip for Precision Finding of paired iPhones, and health sensors including ECG, irregular heart rhythm notifications, and skin temperature measurement.[101][102]
Series 10
The Apple Watch Series 10 was announced by Apple on September 9, 2024, during the "It's Glowtime" event and became available for purchase starting September 20, 2024.[114] [115] It is powered by the S10 system in package (SiP), which enables features like double-tap gesture support and on-device Siri processing.[116] Pricing begins at $399 for the 42 mm GPS model, with cellular variants adding $100 and titanium cases increasing the cost further.[114] [117]

| Model | Case Size | Materials | Key Display Specs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GPS | 42 mm | Aluminum | 1.65-inch LTPO3 OLED, 416 x 496 pixels |
| GPS + Cellular | 46 mm | Titanium | 1.81-inch LTPO3 OLED, larger area up to 1220 sq mm |
Series 11, Third-Generation SE, and Ultra 3

Key Differences: Apple Watch Series 11 vs. SE (3rd generation)
- Processor: Both use the S10 SiP with 64-bit dual-core processor and 4-core Neural Engine.
- Case Sizes and Materials: Series 11: 42mm and 46mm, aluminum or titanium. SE 3: 40mm and 44mm, aluminum only.
- Display: Series 11: LTPO3 wide-angle OLED, up to 2000 nits brightness. SE 3: OLED, up to 1000 nits brightness. Both always-on Retina.
- Battery Life: Series 11: up to 24 hours (38 hours Low Power). SE 3: up to 18 hours (32 hours Low Power).
- Health Features: Series 11 includes ECG app, Blood Oxygen app, third-generation optical heart sensor, hypertension notifications. SE 3 lacks ECG, Blood Oxygen, hypertension; uses second-generation optical heart sensor but has wrist temperature and sleep apnea detection.
- Other: Series 11 has better scratch resistance, optional titanium, faster fast-charge (80% in 30 min vs 45 min on SE 3).

Nike editions
The Apple Watch Nike (also known as Nike Apple Watch or Apple Watch Nike+) were co-branded special editions developed in partnership with Nike, starting from the Apple Watch Series 2 in 2016 and continuing through later series until discontinued following the 2022 Apple Far Out event. These models featured exclusive Nike watch faces (such as Nike Globe and Bounce), perforated Nike Sport Bands for better ventilation during workouts, and the Nike logo engraved on the back case. They offered deeper integration with the Nike Run Club app for running metrics, guided sessions, and motivation tools directly on the wrist. Hardware and core features were identical to standard models of the same series. As of 2026, no new Nike-branded Apple Watches are produced, but the Nike Run Club app remains fully compatible with current Apple Watch models for similar functionality. This collaboration aimed to enhance running experiences for active users.Hardware
Design and Materials

Identifying GPS vs GPS + Cellular Models
To determine whether a specific Apple Watch supports cellular connectivity (GPS + Cellular model) or is GPS-only, several methods can be used:- Digital Crown Indicator (applicable to models up to Series 9): Look at the Digital Crown (the rotating knob on the side). Cellular models feature a red ring, circle, or dot around or on the crown. GPS-only models lack this red accent. Starting with Series 10, Apple removed this red marking from all models, so this method no longer applies to newer watches.
- Back Case Engraving: Flip the watch over and examine the text engraved around the sensor array on the back. GPS + Cellular models include the word "Cellular" in the engraving, while GPS-only models do not.
- On-Device Settings Check: On the Apple Watch, press the Digital Crown to access apps, open Settings (gear icon), and look for a "Cellular" menu. If present (showing options like "Set Up Cellular," carrier details, or plan status), it is a cellular-capable model. Absence of this menu indicates GPS-only.
- Paired iPhone Watch App: Open the Watch app on the paired iPhone, go to My Watch tab, and scroll to "Cellular." If a "Set Up Cellular" option or active plan appears, the watch supports cellular. If the section is missing or shows no setup, it is GPS-only.
- Model Number Lookup: On the watch (Settings > General > About) or iPhone Watch app (General > About), note the model number (e.g., Axxxx). Tap to reveal the full identifier if needed. Compare against Apple's official Identify your Apple Watch support page, which lists each model as GPS or GPS + Cellular.
Display and Sizing Options


| Generation | Small Case Size | Large Case Size |
|---|---|---|
| Series 0–3 | 38 mm | 42 mm |
| Series 4–6, SE (1st gen) | 40 mm | 44 mm |
| Series 7–10, SE (2nd gen) | 41 mm | 45 mm |
| Ultra (1st–2nd gen) | — | 49 mm |
Sensors and Input Methods
The Apple Watch employs an array of sensors embedded primarily in the rear ceramic or sapphire crystal to capture biometric, motion, and environmental data. Core sensors across models include a multi-LED optical heart rate sensor for photoplethysmography-based pulse monitoring, introduced in the original 2015 release, and an accelerometer capable of detecting up to 32 g-forces for activity recognition and fall detection, added in Series 4 in 2018.[78] [12] A high dynamic range gyroscope complements the accelerometer for orientation and gesture detection, while an always-on altimeter tracks elevation changes and a built-in compass provides directional data, both present since early generations.[12] The optical heart rate sensor on the back of the Apple Watch uses photoplethysmography (PPG) to measure heart rate. It employs green LED lights paired with light-sensitive photodiodes to detect changes in blood volume in the wrist. Blood absorbs green light (while reflecting red light), so when the heart beats, increased blood flow causes greater absorption of the green light. The sensor flashes the green LEDs hundreds of times per second to measure these variations and calculate heart rate in beats per minute (range: 30–210 BPM). The green LEDs activate primarily during workouts, Breathe sessions, to calculate walking average heart rate, and for Heart Rate Variability (HRV). For periodic background measurements and notifications, the sensor uses infrared light instead. The lights are typically not visible to the user during normal wear due to skin contact containing the illumination, though they may be noticeable in low light or if the watch is loose. For optimal performance, wear the watch snugly on the top of the wrist. This mechanism has been present since the original Apple Watch in 2015 and is detailed in Apple's support documentation: [152]. Wrist detection, enabled by default (to enable, open the Watch app on the paired iPhone, tap My Watch > Passcode, and turn on Wrist Detection; alternatively, on the Apple Watch, go to Settings > Passcode and turn on Wrist Detection) using the optical heart rate sensor and accelerometer, determines if the Apple Watch is worn on the wrist. Disabling it prevents automatic locking upon removal, limits or disables background health measurements such as heart rate and blood oxygen, eliminates stand credits and reminders, impairs safety features like automatic emergency calls after falls, requires passcode entry for Apple Pay instead of wrist-based authentication, may cause notification duplication or fallback to the paired iPhone, limits accurate activity tracking including step counting, and reduces functionality for other wrist-presence-dependent features.[153][154] It is recommended for security via automatic locking, data accuracy, and enabling features including wrist-based Apple Pay authentication, auto-unlock with a paired iPhone, health monitoring, accurate step counting and full activity tracking, stand reminders, and safety functions such as Fall Detection emergency calls. Apple recommends wearing the device on the top (dorsal) side of the wrist to optimize sensor performance, as the sensors require consistent skin contact in that position.[154] While users can rotate the watch to wear it on the inside (ventral) side for preference, screen protection, or easier glancing, this may compromise accuracy for features like heart rate, blood oxygen, and ECG due to differences in skin contact and blood flow; user reports indicate mixed results, with some maintaining comparable accuracy and others experiencing reductions during activity. No dedicated setting exists for inside-wrist orientation; adjustments are limited to left or right wrist and Digital Crown position.[155] Troubleshooting for detection issues involves ensuring a snug fit, cleaning sensors, and avoiding tattoos or coverings that interfere with readings.[154][153]
Connectivity to Bluetooth Audio Accessories
Apple Watch supports Bluetooth audio accessories, particularly AirPods (including AirPods Pro and AirPods Max), as well as other Bluetooth headphones and speakers. When AirPods are set up with an iPhone signed into the same Apple ID as the one paired with the Apple Watch, the AirPods automatically connect to the Apple Watch simultaneously. This enables seamless audio playback from the Watch—such as music, podcasts, workout audio, or phone calls—through the AirPods, even if the iPhone is not nearby. Audio switches automatically between devices based on the active source. For direct pairing without relying on iPhone setup (e.g., for standalone use or if AirPods were not paired to an iPhone):- On the Apple Watch, open Settings and tap Bluetooth (ensure Bluetooth is enabled).
- Put the AirPods in pairing mode: Open the charging case lid (with AirPods inside) and press and hold the setup button on the back until the status light flashes white. (For AirPods Max, press and hold the noise control button.)
- On the Apple Watch, select the AirPods from the list of available devices to pair.
Location tracking and privacy
Apple Watch supports location services through built-in GPS (from Series 2 onward) and integration with the paired iPhone's location capabilities. Location permissions are managed primarily through the iPhone's Settings > Privacy & Security > Location Services, where users can set apps (including those shared with the Watch) to "Never", "Ask Next Time", "While Using the App", or "Always". The "Always" option allows apps to access location in the background, even when the app is not active or the Watch is not in use. However, watchOS imposes strict controls on background location updates to prioritize battery life and user privacy. Even with "Always" permission granted:- Background location primarily uses "Significant Location Changes" mode, a low-power mechanism that wakes the device only after substantial movement (typically hundreds of meters, based on cell tower or Wi-Fi changes), rather than continuous or time-based polling.
- Fixed-interval tracking, such as reliable updates every 15 minutes, is not supported natively or guaranteed for third-party apps due to system restrictions.
- High-accuracy GPS is reliably available during active Workout sessions (e.g., Outdoor Run), where updates occur frequently (often every few seconds) for route mapping, pace, and distance.
- For passive tracking via Find My, location updates are opportunistic—dependent on connectivity (cellular/Wi-Fi/Find My network), movement, and system heuristics. Updates can be frequent when active but often have gaps of 15–30 minutes or more when stationary or with poor connectivity. Cellular models update independently, but still not on a fixed schedule.
Battery and Charging

Battery and Performance
Apple's battery life ratings for current Apple Watch models (as of 2026) are based on standardized tests simulating typical daily use. Ratings vary by model, with details as follows:- Apple Watch Series 11: Up to 24 hours of all-day battery life (including 6 hours of sleep tracking). Test conditions: 300 time checks, 90 notifications, 15 minutes of app use, a 60-minute workout with music playback via Bluetooth, and 6 hours of sleep tracking over 24 hours. Up to 38 hours in Low Power Mode. Fast-charge: 80% in about 30 minutes; 15 minutes provides up to 8 hours of use.
- Apple Watch Ultra 3: Up to 42 hours of multi-day battery life. Test conditions: 600 time checks, 180 notifications, 30 minutes of app use, a 60-minute workout with music playback via Bluetooth, and 6 hours of sleep tracking over 42 hours (includes 8 hours cellular and 34 hours Bluetooth). Up to 72 hours in Low Power Mode.
- Apple Watch SE 3: Up to 18 hours of all-day battery life. Test conditions: 300 time checks, 90 notifications, 15 minutes of app use, a 60-minute workout with music playback via Bluetooth over 18 hours. Up to 32 hours in Low Power Mode.
- Always On Display (screen requires wrist raise or tap to view).
- Background heart rate and blood oxygen measurements.
- Heart rate notifications (irregular rhythm, high/low heart rate).
- Automatic workout detection and workout start reminders.
- Background app refresh and automatic updates.
- Reduced cellular pings (e.g., hourly instead of frequent).
- Control Center: Press side button, tap battery percentage, toggle on.
- Settings app on watch: Settings > Battery > Low Power Mode.
- Optionally set for 1–3 days or until turned off.

Battery Health Monitoring
Apple Watch includes a Battery Health feature (available on Series 3 and later with watchOS 7 or newer) that allows users to assess the battery's current condition. To check:- On the Apple Watch, press the Digital Crown to access apps.
- Open Settings.
- Scroll to and tap Battery.
- Tap Battery Health.
- Keep Optimized Battery Charging / Optimized Charge Limit active (on supported models it may be always enabled or configurable in Settings > Battery > Battery Health).
- Avoid extreme temperatures (hot or cold) during use/charging.
- Avoid frequent full discharges; aim to charge regularly without letting it drop to 0% often.
- Use Low Power Mode when battery is low or for extended periods.
- Update to latest watchOS for battery optimizations.
- For storage, keep at ~50% charge in cool conditions.
Battery Replacement
Apple designs the Apple Watch with a sealed, non-user-replaceable battery to maintain its slim profile and water resistance. Battery degradation is normal, with Apple stating that batteries retain up to 80% capacity after 1000 charge cycles. Users can check battery health in watchOS Settings > Battery > Battery Health. If battery capacity falls below 80%, Apple provides free battery service under AppleCare+ or if within warranty for defects. Out-of-warranty battery service costs $99 USD (plus tax and potential shipping), though prices vary by region. Apple typically does not replace just the battery but provides a replacement or refurbished Apple Watch unit with a new battery, using genuine parts that may include previously used components tested to meet Apple's standards. Service is available via Apple Stores, authorized providers, or mail-in. Express Replacement is offered with AppleCare+. For users preferring to keep their original device, DIY battery replacement is possible but challenging. iFixit offers free step-by-step guides for all Apple Watch models, replacement batteries costing $20–$45 (depending on model, e.g., higher for Ultra), adhesives, and tools. The process involves heating the display adhesive, carefully lifting the screen (risking OLED damage), disconnecting components, removing the glued battery, installing the new one, and resealing for water resistance. Difficulty is moderate to high, taking 45 minutes to 2 hours; risks include damaging the expensive OLED display, losing water resistance, or bricking the device. DIY may void any remaining warranty. Third-party repair shops offer alternatives, often cheaper but with variable quality and potential warranty/seal compromises. Apple does not include Apple Watch in its Self Service Repair program for parts like batteries. For older or vintage models, service availability may be limited.[175][176]Repair and Service
Apple offers repair and service for the Apple Watch through Apple Stores, Apple Authorized Service Providers, or mail-in options. The device comes with a one-year limited warranty covering manufacturing defects, but accidental damage is not included unless covered by AppleCare+. Apple typically does not repair individual components like the screen on the Apple Watch due to its integrated design; instead, it often provides a replacement or refurbished unit for out-of-warranty issues. Screen damage is generally classified as "other damage." As of 2026 (US pricing, subject to tax, shipping, and model variations; check Apple's repair page for personalized estimates):- Battery service (out-of-warranty): $99
- Other damage (including screen cracks, "other damage"): $399
- Accidental damage service fee: $69 for standard Apple Watch models, $79 for Apple Watch Ultra, Hermès, or Edition models.
- Battery service: Often $0 if capacity falls below 80%.
Model-Specific Fast Charging Times
Apple provides specific charging estimates using the included Apple Watch Magnetic Fast Charger to USB-C Cable and a compatible 20W USB-C Power Adapter. Times are approximate and can vary based on adapter, temperature, battery health, and other factors.| Model | 0–80% Charge Time | 0–100% Charge Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apple Watch Series 10 (and later, e.g., Series 11) | About 30 minutes | About 60 minutes (1 hour) | Fastest charging in the lineup due to optimized coil design. |
| Apple Watch Series 7, 8, 9 | About 45 minutes | About 75 minutes (1 hour 15 minutes) | Introduced fast charging starting with Series 7. |
| Apple Watch Ultra, Ultra 2 | About 60 minutes | About 90 minutes | Longer due to larger battery capacity. |
| Apple Watch Ultra 3 | About 45 minutes | About 75 minutes | Improved over previous Ultra models. |
| Apple Watch SE (3rd generation) | About 45 minutes | Varies, typically longer | Supports fast charging but may not match Series speeds. |
Bands and Accessories
The Apple Watch features a proprietary quick-release band mechanism introduced with the original model in April 2015, enabling tool-free attachment and detachment via a simple slide-and-lock system on the lugs.[177] This design accommodates a wide array of official bands tailored for different activities, aesthetics, and wrist sizes, with compatibility determined by case dimensions: 38mm, 40mm, or 41mm bands fit smaller wrists on Series 1 through Series 10 models (excluding Ultra), while 42mm, 44mm, or 45mm bands suit larger cases, and 49mm bands are specific to Ultra models.[178] [179] Apple offers bands in four primary material categories as of 2025: fluoroelastomer rubber for durable, water-resistant options like the Sport Band and Nike Sport Band; textiles such as nylon weaves in the Sport Loop, Trail Loop, and Alpine Loop for breathability during exercise; 316L stainless steel mesh or links in the Milanese Loop and Link Bracelet—a stainless steel band offering a classic watch-like high-end feel with substantial weight but high durability for long-term use—for premium, adjustable fits; and Grade 5 titanium variants for lighter weight and corrosion resistance, often paired with Ultra models.[180][105] Specialized bands include the Ocean Band, a tubular fluoroelastomer design with adjustable extensions for water sports, and the Braided Solo Loop, a stretchable yarn weave without clasps for seamless wear.[181] Leather bands, once available, were discontinued by Apple in September 2023 to prioritize environmental sustainability, shifting focus to recycled and synthetic alternatives.[178] Third-party bands adhering to Apple's sizing and attachment standards remain compatible across models, including silicone options from platforms like AliExpress featuring girly designs with bows, floral patterns, and pastel colors such as pink, lavender, and mint, though official bands emphasize precision engineering for fit and durability, such as magnetic closures in the Modern Buckle.[182][183][184] Beyond bands, official Apple accessories center on charging solutions, including the included magnetic puck charger (evolving from USB-A to USB-C compatibility with Series 7 and later) and standalone fast chargers supporting up to 80% charge in 45 minutes for Series 7–10 models.[185] Apple also sells multi-device wireless charging stands compatible with Apple Watch, such as Qi-certified docks, though third-party options like Belkin and Anker dominate for integrated stands that hold the watch upright during overnight charging.[181] Protective cases and screen covers are not offered by Apple, reflecting the device's IP6X dust and 50-meter water resistance ratings, but aftermarket variants exist for added scratch protection without voiding warranty if properly fitted.[186] Band storage racks and travel adapters round out accessory ecosystems, often from partners emphasizing MagSafe alignment for efficient inductive charging.[187]Water resistance and durability
Apple Watch models feature varying levels of water resistance and durability tailored to different use cases, with no model being fully waterproof—resistance is water-resistant and can diminish over time due to wear, impacts, chemicals, or exposure. Water resistance ratings:- Original Apple Watch and Series 1: IPX7 under IEC 60529 (splash-resistant, up to 1m for 30 minutes; not for swimming).
- Series 2 and later (including SE, Series 11): 50 meters under ISO 22810:2010 (WR50/swimproof). Suitable for shallow-water activities like swimming in pools/oceans, showering (avoid soaps), but not for scuba diving, water skiing, or high-velocity/high-pressure water.
- Ultra models (Ultra, Ultra 2, Ultra 3): 100 meters under ISO 22810:2010 (WR100), plus EN13319 certification for recreational scuba diving to 40 meters (±1m accuracy). Supports high-speed water sports; not for dives below 40m.
- Series 10/11: Depth gauge to 6m/20ft and water temperature sensor.
- Ultra models: Depth gauge to 40m/130ft.
- Aluminum cases use Ion-X glass; Series 11 aluminum models feature 2× more scratch-resistant Ion-X glass than Series 10.
- Titanium models (Series 11 titanium, all Ultra) use sapphire crystal for superior scratch resistance.
- Ultra models: Aerospace-grade titanium case, MIL-STD 810H certification for extreme conditions (altitude, temperature, shock, vibration, immersion).
Retail packaging
Apple Watch devices are sold as complete packages directly from Apple or authorized retailers. Each purchase includes:- The Apple Watch case (with selected size, material, and color)
- One band (style, color, and size selected by the purchaser at the time of order)
- Apple Watch Magnetic Fast Charger to USB-C Cable (1m)
- Documentation and quick start guides
Software
watchOS Version History


| Version | Release Date | Key Additions |
|---|---|---|
| watchOS 10 | September 18, 2023 | Smart Stack widgets, redesigned apps, cycling power zones[190] |
| watchOS 11 | September 16, 2024 | Vitals app, sleep apnea notifications, training load analytics[191] |
| watchOS 26 | September 15, 2025 | Hypertension alerts, sleep score, wrist-flick dismissals[193] |
Updating watchOS
watchOS updates are performed via the Apple Watch app on a paired iPhone and require the iPhone to be connected to Wi-Fi for downloading update files.[194] To initiate an update, open the Apple Watch app on the iPhone, navigate to My Watch > General > Software Update, and follow the prompts to download and install available updates. The Apple Watch must be charged to at least 50% and placed on its charger during installation, with both devices kept in close proximity. A common error message is "Unable to check for update", typically caused by the iPhone lacking internet connectivity (Wi-Fi required) or connectivity/setup issues between the devices. Recommended troubleshooting steps include ensuring the iPhone is connected to Wi-Fi with Airplane Mode off and Bluetooth enabled, verifying Airplane Mode is off on the Apple Watch, placing the Apple Watch on its charger and in close proximity to the iPhone, and checking the connection status via the green iPhone icon on the Watch face or Control Center (red icon or X indicates disconnection). Restart both devices to resolve temporary glitches, then retry the update via the Watch app. If the issue persists, unpair and re-pair the Apple Watch using the Apple Watch app on the iPhone (My Watch tab > All Watches > info button > Unpair Apple Watch), keeping devices close during the process, followed by re-pairing and setup as new or from backup. Additional steps may involve checking available storage space on the iPhone or deleting partial update files through the Watch app's storage settings.[195] Downgrading watchOS, including on the Apple Watch Series 9, is not possible, as Apple does not support it and ceases signing older versions after a period, preventing installation. The Apple Watch Series 9 remains compatible with iOS 17 or later in 2026, requiring an iPhone XS or later model. However, updating to watchOS 11 or newer requires iOS 18 or later on the paired iPhone, and future watchOS versions may impose higher iOS requirements.Core Operating Features
watchOS, Apple's proprietary operating system for the Apple Watch, powers a touch-based interface optimized for wrist-worn use, integrating a capacitive touchscreen with the physical Digital Crown for precise navigation. The Digital Crown, located on the side of the device, enables scrolling through lists, zooming in apps like Maps, and returning to the home screen with a single press; it also supports haptic feedback for tactile confirmation of actions.[196] Touch gestures include taps for selection, swipes for navigation between screens or notifications, and double-tap or pinch motions for quick controls like starting workouts or dismissing alerts, with force touch (replaced by haptic touch in later models) allowing access to contextual menus.[162] The home screen displays a grid or honeycomb arrangement of app icons, customizable via the paired iPhone, with watch faces serving as the primary timekeeping interface; these faces incorporate complications—glanceable widgets showing data such as weather, battery level, or calendar events from integrated apps.[197] The Speak Time feature provides an alternative method to announce the time audibly upon double-tapping the display, with customization options including "Always Speak" for audible output regardless of Silent Mode or "Control With Silent Mode," which switches to haptic vibrations via Taptic Time when the watch is silenced.[198] Notifications from the connected iPhone mirror to the watch via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, appearing as haptic-vibration alerts with visual banners, customizable via the Apple Watch app on the paired iPhone (My Watch tab > Sounds & Haptics); users can reply using predefined responses, dictation, or scribble input, and dismiss via wrist flick or swipe in recent versions like watchOS 11.[199][197] The Smart Stack feature aggregates context-aware widgets and notification summaries, scrollable via the Digital Crown, to prioritize relevant information like upcoming appointments or weather changes.[200] Watch faces can be extensively customized, including the addition and arrangement of complications, color schemes, and styles. In watchOS 10.2 and later, users can enable the "Swipe to Switch Watch Face" option in Settings > Clock on the Apple Watch. When activated, this allows seamless left or right swiping on the current watch face to cycle through saved favorite faces, facilitating quick changes without entering the face gallery. Certain built-in watch faces support interactive dynamic adjustments; for instance, the Typograph face permits tapping the display and rotating the Digital Crown to modify number style, weight, or other typographic elements in real time.
- The display does not automatically wake when raising the wrist or receiving notifications (disables Raise to Wake and Tap to Wake).
- Silent Mode is activated, muting sounds for alerts and notifications.
- Haptic (vibration) notifications remain active.
- Walkie-Talkie status becomes unavailable.
- Notifications are still received via haptics, but the screen stays dark unless manually woken.
- Wake the Apple Watch.
- Press the Side button to open Control Center (on watchOS 10 and later; earlier versions may require swiping up).
- Scroll to the Theater Mode icon (two comedy/tragedy masks).
- Tap to toggle on (turns orange) or off.
- Silent Mode (bell icon): Only mutes sounds; screen still wakes automatically.
- Do Not Disturb (moon icon): Suppresses notifications (mirrors iPhone); screen can wake.
- Theater Mode: Combines silent mode with no automatic screen wake, ideal where light from the screen is a concern.
Restart Methods
Apple distinguishes between a standard restart, used when the device is responsive, and a force restart, used when the device is frozen or unresponsive. For the standard restart, press and hold the side button until the sliders appear, tap the power icon, and drag the Power Off slider to the right; then press and hold the side button until the Apple logo appears to turn it back on. For the force restart, press and hold both the side button and Digital Crown simultaneously for at least 10 seconds until the Apple logo appears. Apple does not officially use the term "soft reset" for these procedures. Neither method erases data on the device.[205] After initiating a restart or powering on the Apple Watch by holding the side button, the boot process displays the Apple logo and typically takes 30–60 seconds on recent models (such as Series 10 or Ultra), though it can extend to 1–3 minutes depending on the model, watchOS version, and whether it's a cold boot from fully off. Some users report longer times (up to 2–3 minutes) following certain software updates, such as watchOS 11.4 in 2025. Apple does not publish official boot time specifications, and these durations are based on community reports and tests.Resetting and erasing
The Apple Watch supports erasing all content and settings to restore it to factory defaults, useful for troubleshooting, resale preparation, or resolving persistent issues. This differs from a simple restart (covered in Restart Methods), as erasing removes all user data, apps, and configurations.Via paired iPhone (recommended method)
Unpairing the Apple Watch through the paired iPhone is the preferred method, as it automatically creates a backup (for later restoration), erases the device, and removes Activation Lock (allowing setup with a new iPhone or resale without lock issues).- Keep the Apple Watch and iPhone close and connected.
- Open the Watch app on the iPhone.
- Tap My Watch > All Watches (or the specific watch).
- Tap the info (i) button next to the watch.
- Tap Unpair Apple Watch and confirm (may require Apple ID password).
Directly on the Apple Watch (without iPhone)
If the paired iPhone is unavailable, erase directly on the watch:- Open Settings on the Apple Watch.
- Tap General > Reset.
- Tap Erase All Content and Settings.
- Enter passcode if prompted.
- For cellular models, choose to keep or remove the cellular plan (keep if planning to re-pair soon).
- Confirm Erase All.
If passcode is forgotten
Reset is required if the passcode is forgotten or if too many incorrect attempts (10 consecutive) disable the device. The Apple Watch implements escalating lockouts for incorrect passcode entries: temporary disables after several wrongs with increasing wait times, culminating in full disable after 10 attempts, necessitating reset. An optional Erase Data setting auto-erases after 10 fails if enabled. For locked watches:- Place the watch on its charger and keep it charging.
- Press and hold the side button until the Power Off slider appears.
- Press and hold the Digital Crown until "Erase all content and settings" appears.
- Tap Reset, then confirm again.
Third-Party App Ecosystem
Third-party applications for the Apple Watch became available upon the device's launch on April 24, 2015, with over 3,000 titles offered through the App Store at introduction.[210] These early apps primarily functioned as extensions of iPhone counterparts, relying on the paired iOS device for processing due to the original Apple Watch's limited hardware capabilities. Native standalone app support arrived with watchOS 2 later in 2015, enabling independent execution on the watch itself via the watchOS SDK integrated into Xcode.[211]

Health and Fitness Features
Activity Rings
The Apple Watch's Activity app displays three colored rings to motivate daily movement: the red Move ring (active calories burned through any movement), the green Exercise ring (minutes of brisk activity), and the blue Stand ring (hours standing and moving for at least one minute). Users can customize their daily Move goal in the Activity or Fitness app. In watchOS 11 and later (with corresponding iOS 18+ on paired iPhone), users can set individualized Move goals for each day of the week by accessing the scheduling options in the Fitness app, providing greater customization beyond a single daily target. The feature also allows scheduling for Exercise and Stand goals, and pausing rings when needed. The Activity app does not include a daily steps goal or allow users to set one directly. Steps are tracked automatically in the background using the device's accelerometer and gyroscope, with data available both on the Apple Watch and in the Health app on the paired iPhone. On the Apple Watch, users can view daily step totals directly in the Activity app by opening it (via the rings icon) and swiping or scrolling up to reveal steps taken, along with distance and flights climbed. However, Apple does not provide a native complication to display the step count prominently on the watch face, requiring users to open the Activity app or install third-party pedometer apps (such as Pedometer++) from the App Store to add a step count complication. This design choice aligns with Apple's philosophy of prioritizing the Activity rings system—which focuses on overall movement intensity, calories burned, brisk activity minutes, and standing hours—over emphasizing raw step counts or arbitrary goals like 10,000 steps, aiming to promote holistic fitness habits rather than fixation on a single metric. Many users seeking prominent step display or step-specific goals rely on third-party integrations with Apple Health. The Exercise ring specifically tracks minutes where activity equals or exceeds the intensity of a brisk walk. Credit is awarded only for each full minute meeting this threshold, determined by a combination of elevated heart rate (typically around 75% of maximum or above a personalized baseline, often ~100+ bpm depending on age and fitness) and sufficient motion intensity (via accelerometer for arm swing or GPS/pace for outdoor activities). The definition of "brisk walk" is personalized based on user data (age, sex, weight, height) entered in the Health app and calibrated through outdoor activities. As a result, not every minute of a logged workout or exercise session credits toward the Exercise ring. For example:- Slow or variable-pace walking (below ~3–3.3 mph or ~18–20 min/mile) may log full time in the Workout app but only partially credit (or none) if intensity drops.
- Low-intensity activities like leisurely strolls or light yoga often undercount unless heart rate rises sufficiently.
- Outdoor Walk workouts are particularly strict, requiring sustained brisk pace and elevated heart rate; pauses or slowdowns halt credit while workout time continues.
Sensor-Based Capabilities


- Optical heart rate sensor (using photoplethysmography with green and infrared LEDs) to measure heart rate continuously or during workouts, helping gauge exercise intensity.
- Accelerometer and gyroscope for motion detection, step counting, arm swing, and pace estimation.
- GPS for accurate distance, speed, and pace in outdoor workouts.
- Barometric altimeter to detect elevation changes (inclines/declines) that increase energy expenditure.
Accuracy of calorie burn estimates
Apple Watch estimates calorie burn using personal data (age, weight, height, gender), heart rate from its optical sensor, motion data, and workout type. While heart rate tracking is generally accurate (within ~5% of chest straps in many scenarios), calorie expenditure estimates have higher variability. Independent studies and meta-analyses indicate Apple Watch calorie burn is typically accurate within 15–30% of lab-measured energy expenditure via indirect calorimetry, with errors ranging 18–40% in some cases (e.g., mean absolute percentage errors around 27% in certain activities). Accuracy varies by activity, user demographics (e.g., overestimation in women, underestimation in men in some analyses), watch fit, and motion artifacts. For indoor cycling and spinning classes (including Peloton rides), wrist-based heart rate can be less reliable due to grip movement and sweat, contributing to discrepancies. User reports and comparisons frequently show differences between Apple Watch and Peloton Bike estimates for the same ride, with Peloton (using power meter data) often reporting higher calories—sometimes 30–100% more or nearly double—though results vary by ride intensity, output, and heart rate correlation. A notable 2025 incident involved a Peloton bug causing its display to show nearly double the calories when using Apple Watch as the heart rate monitor; Peloton rolled out a fix, with Apple Watch summaries reported as more consistent in affected cases. Apple recommends updating personal info, calibrating via outdoor walks/runs, and proper watch fit to improve estimates. Experts advise treating calorie figures as directional estimates rather than precise measurements, especially for weight management, and cross-referencing with trends or professional assessments. No consumer wearable achieves lab-level precision for energy expenditure.Hypertension Notifications
The Hypertension Notifications feature, introduced with recent models starting from Series 11 (2025) and available on Series 9 and later as well as Ultra 2 and later, uses optical heart sensor data over time to flag signs of chronic high blood pressure—a risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney issues. This passive monitoring reviews data over approximately 30-day periods and alerts users to consistent patterns suggestive of hypertension. In September 2025, Apple introduced the Hypertension Notifications feature with the Apple Watch Series 11 and watchOS 26, extending availability to Apple Watch Series 9 and later models as well as Apple Watch Ultra 2 and later. Cleared by the U.S. FDA on September 11, 2025 (510(k) K250507) as a Class II Cardiovascular Machine Learning-Based Notification Software, the feature uses the optical heart sensor's photoplethysmography (PPG) data to passively analyze blood volume changes and vascular responses to heartbeats over approximately 30-day periods. It detects patterns suggestive of chronic high blood pressure (hypertension) and issues a probabilistic notification if consistent signs are identified, without providing numerical blood pressure readings (e.g., mmHg values) or serving as a medical diagnosis. The feature is intended for users without a prior hypertension diagnosis; absence of a notification does not rule out hypertension. Upon receiving a notification, users are prompted to consult a healthcare professional, set up a Blood Pressure Log in the Health app, and use a third-party cuff-based monitor to take actual measurements over 7 days for accurate tracking and discussion with a doctor. In data submitted to the FDA for clearance, the feature demonstrated a sensitivity of 41.2% for detecting hypertension (meaning it identifies about 41.2% of cases) and a specificity of 92.3% (indicating high reliability when an alert is issued, with low false positives). A February 2026 study published in JAMA by researchers at the University of Utah further analyzed alert performance by age: for adults under 30, a notification raises the probability of hypertension from 14% to 47%; for those 60 and older, from 45% to 81%. However, the absence of an alert still leaves a notable chance of undiagnosed hypertension (e.g., 34% in older adults), underscoring that notifications are a supportive screening tool rather than definitive, and regular cuff-based screening remains essential, especially for older users. Experts note that despite limitations, the feature may boost early treatment by prompting medical follow-up. It does not replace traditional cuff-based monitoring or clinical evaluation. In January 2026, Apple expanded availability of hypertension notifications to additional countries including Australia, Malaysia, Colombia, Indonesia, South Korea, Brazil, and Turkey, following initial rollout in over 150 countries. To enable Hypertension Notifications and related logging:- Open the Health app on your paired iPhone.
- Tap the Search button (or Browse tab), then select Heart > Blood Pressure.
- Follow onscreen prompts to get started with Blood Pressure logging and notifications, which may include setting up a log and enabling the feature if not already active.
Empirical Validation and Studies
Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Screening
The Apple Watch (Series 4 and later, including SE and Ultra models) includes FDA-cleared features for detecting signs of atrial fibrillation (AFib), a common irregular heart rhythm that increases stroke risk.Features
- Irregular Rhythm Notification (IRN): Uses the optical heart rate sensor (photoplethysmography, PPG) to opportunistically check for irregular pulses suggestive of AFib while the user is still. It requires multiple irregular readings before notifying and is intended for users without prior AFib diagnosis (ages 22+). It is not continuous and may miss episodes.
- ECG App: Records a 30-second single-lead ECG via the digital crown and electrodes. Classifies as sinus rhythm, AFib (typically 50–150 bpm), or inconclusive. FDA-cleared (De Novo/510(k)) for over-the-counter use.
- AFib History (watchOS 9+): For diagnosed AFib users, estimates weekly AFib burden (% time in AFib) using PPG data. FDA-qualified (2023/2024) as a biomarker for clinical trials (e.g., post-ablation burden assessment). Requires ≥12 hours/day wear for reliable estimates; disables IRN.
Accuracy and Key Studies
- Apple Heart Study (2019, NEJM): Enrolled 419,297 participants without known AFib. 0.52% received irregular pulse notifications. Among follow-up ECG patches, PPV ~84% for concurrent AFib; 34% of notified had AFib confirmed (some delays explain discrepancies). Tachogram PPV ~71%.
- Cleveland Clinic Study (2020): In post-surgery patients, notification sensitivity 41%, but ECG PDF waveform 96% for AFib instances.
- Meta-analyses (2025): Smartwatches (including Apple Watch) pooled sensitivity ~95%, specificity ~97% (AUC 0.97). Apple Watch specifically ~94% sensitivity, 97% specificity.
- EQUAL Trial (2026, JACC): In high-stroke-risk older patients (median age 75), 6-month Apple Watch screening (PPG + ECG) detected new-onset AFib in 9.6% vs. 2.3% in standard care (risk difference 7.3%, HR 4.40), including asymptomatic cases.
- Other: In known AFib, episode sensitivity ~60%; favors longer episodes. Comparable or better than some wearables (e.g., higher than Fitbit in some head-to-heads; Samsung sometimes edges in metrics).
Limitations
- Not continuous; opportunistic checks miss short/paroxysmal episodes.
- False positives from premature beats, motion, etc.; lower PPV in low-prevalence groups.
- Inconclusive ECGs (10–20%); requires good contact.
- Not for under 22, or replacing clinical monitoring.
FDA Status
IRN/ECG: Class II cleared. AFib History: Qualified as MDDT biomarker for ablation trials. These features enable scalable screening, especially in high-risk groups, but require physician follow-up for alerts or symptoms. Heart rate monitoring via photoplethysmography (PPG) on the Apple Watch demonstrates high accuracy during rest and low-to-moderate intensity activities, with correlations exceeding 90% to ECG and chest strap references for resting and sleep measurements. Apple's validation of background heart rate measurements during still periods, relevant to rest and sleep, shows 89% within 5 bpm of chest strap references.[232] However, as a consumer-grade optical sensor, it is less precise than medical-grade oscillometric cuff-based devices like OMRON due to potential interferences from motion, fit, and perfusion; it is suitable for monitoring wellness trends rather than clinical substitution.[233] A 2018 study of 50 participants during walking and jogging found mean absolute percentage errors of 1.8% at rest and 2.3% during exercise, with validity decreasing at higher intensities above 140 bpm.[225] In patients with cardiovascular disease, a 2019 validation against ECG showed clinically acceptable accuracy for 30-second averages during indoor cycling, with intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9.[226] A 2025 study in cardiac patients confirmed strong correlation (r=0.99, p<0.001) for heart rate during exercise when benchmarked against medical-grade devices.[234] Step count tracking via Apple Health, particularly when using an Apple Watch, exhibits high reliability, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of approximately 8.17% reported in a 2025 University of Mississippi meta-analysis of 56 studies.[235] Apple Watch outperforms iPhone-only tracking, which achieves 85-95% accuracy in ideal conditions (e.g., phone in front pocket) but drops to 60-75% in suboptimal scenarios like irregular carrying or movement. A 2026 living systematic review notes moderate step count accuracy with small underestimation in limited studies. Accuracy varies by device generation, activity type, and conditions, positioning the Apple Watch as one of the most accurate wrist-worn trackers for steps.[95] In contrast to the high accuracy of heart rate monitoring (typically with median errors below 5%), the Apple Watch's estimation of energy expenditure (calories burned) exhibits moderate to poor accuracy. A 2017 study by Stanford University researchers evaluating seven wrist-worn devices, including the Apple Watch, found that while heart rate was measured with errors below 5% for most devices, no device achieved an error below 20% for energy expenditure compared to gold-standard indirect calorimetry, with the best-performing device (the Apple Watch) having a median error of approximately 27%.[236] A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of 56 studies reported a mean absolute percentage error of 27.96% for energy expenditure across diverse activities, user groups, and Apple Watch models, with all subgroups exceeding the 10% validity threshold for acceptable accuracy.[237] These findings indicate that energy expenditure estimates, which rely on heart rate, motion data, and user profile inputs, are suitable as rough approximations for general wellness and fitness motivation but are not sufficiently precise for clinical, nutritional, or research purposes requiring accurate caloric measurement. Fall detection, introduced in Apple Watch Series 4 (2018), relies on accelerometer and gyroscope data to identify hard falls followed by motionlessness. A 2022 controlled study simulating falls in 22 older adults reported 77% sensitivity and 99% specificity against video-confirmed events, with a 1.7% false-positive rate in daily activities.[238] Empirical data remains limited, with real-world deployment studies noting under-detection of certain fall types like forward falls without wrist impact, though specificity minimizes unnecessary alerts.[239] Blood oxygen (SpO2) measurements using reflectance PPG show moderate correlation with clinical pulse oximeters but fall short of medical-grade precision. A 2023 study in 106 healthy adults found a Pearson correlation of 0.77 between Apple Watch Series 6 and finger oximetry, with mean SpO2 of 95.9% but 14% of readings below 95% due to motion artifacts and skin tone variations.[94] Validation in chronic disease patients yielded 84.9% accuracy within ±2% of reference devices, though outliers persisted in low-perfusion states.[240] A 2022 analysis concluded SpO2 readings do not meet pulse oximetry standards for clinical diagnosis, recommending against sole reliance for hypoxemia detection.[241] Apple's validation of the Blood Oxygen app reported an A_rms accuracy of 1.97% SpO2 across the 70-100% range against arterial blood gas and controlled desaturation studies, with low mean bias and strong correlations in normoxic conditions, though wider limits of agreement and reduced performance occur in hypoxia, motion, poor fit, or low perfusion. Outliers are common even among healthy users. While Apple's testing indicated minimal impact from skin tone variations, broader industry studies have raised concerns about potential biases.[74][94] Sleep stage tracking, enhanced in watchOS 9 (2022), uses accelerometer, heart rate, and respiratory data but exhibits discrepancies against polysomnography (PSG). A 2024 study comparing Apple Watch to PSG in 30 participants found 86% agreement for sleep-wake detection but overestimation of light sleep by 45 minutes and underestimation of deep sleep, with Cohen's kappa of 0.45 for staging.[242] Apple's internal validation claims population-level performance aligned with actigraphy for total sleep time (mean error <10 minutes), yet peer-reviewed comparisons highlight limitations in distinguishing REM from light stages due to wrist-based sensing constraints.[243][244]Reported Outcomes and Limitations
The Apple Heart Study, involving over 419,000 participants conducted between 2017 and 2019, demonstrated that the Apple Watch's irregular pulse notification algorithm identified atrial fibrillation (AFib) with a positive predictive value of 84% when confirmed by ECG patch monitoring, with sensitivity reaching 98.3% for episodes lasting at least 30 seconds in notified users.[245] Approximately 0.5% of participants received notifications, enabling early detection in cases where subsequent clinical evaluation confirmed the arrhythmia, potentially averting strokes through timely intervention.[246] Independent validations have corroborated high specificity for AFib detection via the Watch's ECG feature, with one 2025 meta-analysis reporting overall diagnostic accuracy exceeding 90% in controlled settings.[247] Fitness tracking outcomes show reliable heart rate measurement during rest and moderate exercise, with mean absolute percentage errors under 5% in cardiovascular patients. This outperforms energy expenditure estimates (calories burned), which exhibit higher inaccuracies, often ranging from 15% to 30% or more due to variability in metabolic assumptions and individual physiological differences. Workout calorie estimates can be particularly inaccurate when the device is set up as new or reset, lacking personalized calibration data for stride length and fitness level. Calibration through outdoor walks or runs improves accuracy for distance, pace, and calories burned by allowing the watch to learn individual movement patterns. Accurate personal details such as height, weight, age, and gender entered in the Health app are essential, as they directly influence calorie calculations. To calibrate, wear the watch outdoors in an area with good GPS reception and complete about 20 minutes of Outdoor Walk or Outdoor Run at a normal pace, which can be accumulated over multiple sessions.[248] For example, a 2017 Stanford University study found that the best-performing wrist-worn device had an average error of approximately 27% in energy expenditure, with no device achieving less than 20% error. A 2025 meta-analysis of 56 studies reported a mean absolute percentage error of approximately 28% for energy expenditure across various activities, user demographics, and Apple Watch models.[226][249][237] Step counting aligns closely with reference pedometers, achieving correlation coefficients above 0.95 in ambulatory studies, supporting motivational activity goals.[237] Fall detection has alerted users to real incidents, with one controlled trial reporting 77% sensitivity for induced falls alongside 99% specificity, reducing response times in elderly cohorts.[238] Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings correlate within 2-3% of clinical pulse oximeters in normoxic conditions (>90% saturation), aiding in sleep apnea screening.[94] Limitations include frequent false positives in AFib notifications, occurring in up to 66% of alerts among younger users without confirmed arrhythmia, prompting unnecessary medical consultations and heightened anxiety, as evidenced by surveys linking repeated alerts to diminished physical health confidence. A "sinus rhythm" result from the ECG app does not confirm the absence of atrial flutter, AFib (beyond the snapshot), premature beats, or other arrhythmias; does not assess overall heart health or guarantee always normal rhythm; and does not detect heart attacks, strokes, blood clots, high blood pressure, heart failure, or most arrhythmias including atrial flutter (which may show as inconclusive, sinus, or undetected).[223][250][251] Heart rate accuracy degrades during vigorous motion or in darker skin tones due to optical sensor limitations, with errors exceeding 10% in high-intensity scenarios; minor discrepancies in heart rate, steps, or calories compared to finger-worn trackers are typical due to wrist versus finger sensor placement, where finger-based readings may lag slightly during intense activity reflecting differences in motion artifact susceptibility and real-time sampling.[252][253] Many users report that the automatic heart rate zones, personalized by Apple based on age, resting heart rate, and workout history, often underestimate maximum heart rate during intense exercise, leading to mismatched zones that do not align with individual effort levels. Users commonly recommend manually setting custom zones via the Workout settings in the Apple Watch app on iPhone for better accuracy.[254] According to Apple Support, various factors can cause the Apple Watch's heart rate readings to be inaccurate, display unexpectedly high values, or intermittently cut out. These factors include wearing the watch too loosely, excessive arm movement during activities, tattoos on the wrist, exposure to cold temperatures, poor peripheral blood flow, and a dirty or obstructed sensor. Apple recommends wearing the device snugly yet comfortably on the top of the wrist to ensure proper contact with the skin, regularly cleaning the sensor, avoiding activities that involve vigorous arm swinging, and maintaining good skin contact. If the issues persist after following these guidelines, users should try restarting the Apple Watch, updating to the latest version of watchOS, or contacting Apple Support to check for potential hardware problems.[152] Fall detection sensitivity drops to 4.7% for wheelchair users, yielding high false negatives, and SpO2 measurements show bias toward overestimation in individuals with higher melanin levels, as highlighted in lawsuits and validation studies citing root mean square errors up to 6.7%.[255][256] Excessive tightness in wearing the device can cause pressure on wrist tissues or nerves like the median nerve, leading to temporary pain, numbness, or tingling similar to carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms; these typically resolve by loosening the fit or changing the band.[257] Apple officially states that the Apple Watch and other Apple devices contain magnets and components that emit electromagnetic fields, which may interfere with implanted medical devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators. Apple recommends keeping these devices at least 6 inches (15 cm) away from the medical device (or 12 inches/30 cm when using a wireless charger), consulting a physician and the medical device manufacturer for specific guidance, and stopping use if interference is suspected.[258] These devices are cleared for wellness screening, not diagnosis, and over-reliance without clinical corroboration risks misinterpretation, particularly given algorithmic thresholds optimized for population-level alerts rather than individual precision.[259][260]Limitations of heart health features
Apple explicitly states that the Apple Watch cannot detect heart attacks (myocardial infarction). The ECG app and irregular rhythm notifications are FDA-cleared specifically for classifying rhythms as sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation (AFib) in users 22+, but not for detecting ischemia, infarction, or other acute cardiac events. If users experience symptoms such as chest pain, pressure, tightness, shortness of breath, or other signs suggestive of a heart attack, they should call emergency services immediately rather than rely on the device. This limitation stems from the single-lead ECG nature, which cannot reliably capture the multi-lead changes needed for myocardial infarction diagnosis, unlike standard 12-lead clinical ECGs.Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring (in development)
Apple has been developing non-invasive blood glucose monitoring for the Apple Watch since the Steve Jobs era, with the goal of enabling continuous glucose tracking without skin pricks to aid diabetes management and prediabetes detection. The project, sometimes referred to internally as Project E5, uses optical absorption spectroscopy and silicon photonics to shine lasers through the skin and analyze interstitial fluid glucose levels. As of early 2026, no Apple Watch model includes built-in non-invasive glucose monitoring. Reports from 2025 indicate the technology remains "many years away" from consumer release, with a proof-of-concept prototype achieved in 2023 that was still too large (iPhone-sized, worn on the bicep) for wrist integration. Challenges include miniaturization, accuracy across skin tones and conditions, and obtaining FDA clearance for medical-grade accuracy. The FDA has warned that no smartwatch can currently measure blood glucose non-invasively without approval, and none are authorized. Optimistic rumors suggest possible limited features (e.g., trends) by 2028–2030, but most estimates point to after 2030 for reliable numerical readings. Currently, Apple Watch users can monitor glucose via integration with external continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) like Dexcom G7 (direct connection) or Abbott FreeStyle Libre (via third-party apps), displaying real-time data, graphs, and alerts on the watch.Reception and Impact
Sales and Market Dominance
The Apple Watch, launched on April 24, 2015, achieved rapid sales growth in its initial years, establishing Apple as the dominant player in the smartwatch market. By 2016, shipments reached approximately 11.4 million units, rising to over 18 million in 2017 amid expanding model lineups and health feature integrations. Annual shipments peaked around 50 million in 2023 before declining 19% year-over-year to 39.8 million in 2024, reflecting broader market saturation and economic pressures in key regions like North America.[16][261] Apple maintained a leading market position with over 50% global share for much of its history, driven by ecosystem integration with iPhone users and premium pricing that commanded higher average selling prices than competitors. This market leadership is bolstered by the Apple Watch's exclusive integration with the iPhone ecosystem, requiring an iPhone for setup, full functionality, updates, and most features, which limits cross-platform competition and encourages retention within Apple's user base, despite competition from Android-based smartwatches. Apple previously explored Android compatibility for three years but abandoned it due to technical limitations, with no announced plans for support in 2026 or beyond.[262][263] In Q2 2024, Apple's share stood at 49%, far ahead of Samsung's 15% and Garmin's 11%. However, the overall smartwatch market contracted 7% in 2024—the first annual decline—while Apple's share eroded slightly due to slower innovation cycles and rising competition from Android-based devices. By Q2 2025, Huawei overtook Apple in quarterly shipments, capturing the top spot amid strong performance in China, though Apple retained significant premium segment dominance.[16][264][265] Cumulative revenues from Apple Watch sales exceeded $100 billion by Q2 2025, underscoring its commercial success despite unit shipment fluctuations. This milestone, reported by Counterpoint Research, highlights the device's high-margin positioning, with average prices often exceeding $400, compared to lower-end rivals. Factors contributing to sustained dominance include loyalty among Apple's 2 billion-plus active device users and features like ECG monitoring, which differentiate it in health-focused markets, though analysts note vulnerabilities to regulatory hurdles and supply chain dependencies.[266][267] ==== Market performance ==== In 2025, the global smartwatch market grew by 4% year-over-year in shipments, recovering from a decline in 2024. Apple Watch led with approximately 23% market share, marking the first year-over-year shipment growth since 2022 at 8%, outpacing the overall market. This performance reclaimed Apple's leading position, with nearly one in four smartwatches shipped being an Apple Watch. Huawei followed with 17% share (up from 13% in 2024), while other competitors like Samsung held around 7%. Apple's cumulative revenues from Apple Watch exceeded $100 billion by Q2 2025, highlighting its long-term commercial success. The Wearables, Home, and Accessories segment, driven significantly by Apple Watch, generated approximately $35-36 billion in revenue for 2025.Innovations and Achievements
The Apple Watch pioneered consumer-grade electrocardiogram (ECG) functionality on a wrist-worn device, receiving FDA clearance in 2018 for detecting atrial fibrillation through the Series 4 model, marking the first such approval for a wearable.[268] This innovation utilized a digital crown and back crystal electrode to generate single-lead ECGs comparable to medical-grade devices.[268] Subsequent advancements included the Series 6's blood oxygen sensor in 2020, enabling SpO2 monitoring via red and infrared LEDs, and fall detection algorithms that analyze accelerometer and gyroscope data to alert emergency services.[269] In 2024, the AFib History feature became the first digital tool cleared by the FDA to assess atrial fibrillation burden using long-term optical heart rate data, providing users with a weekly estimate of AFib occurrence time.[270] Hardware evolution featured Apple's custom system-in-package (SiP) chips, starting with the S1 in 2015—a 28nm dual-core processor integrating GPS, Wi-Fi, and sensors—and progressing to the S8 in 2022 with a 7nm architecture supporting always-on displays and neural engines for on-device machine learning.[269] The Series 9 introduced the double-tap gesture in 2023, detected via accelerometer, gyroscope, and neural processing unit, allowing pinch controls without touching the screen.[271] Temperature sensing debuted in Series 8 (2022) for cycle tracking, using two sensors for baseline shifts accurate to 0.1°C.[203] In September 2025, the FDA cleared a hypertension notification feature for Apple Watch, employing photoplethysmography (PPG) signals to identify elevated blood pressure risks, with notifications triggered after consistent high readings.[272] [273] Market achievements underscore its dominance, with cumulative sales exceeding 195 million units since the 2015 launch, outpacing rivals in the smartwatch category.[274] Apple shipped 30.7 million units in 2019 alone, surpassing global Swiss watch exports of 21.1 million, and generated approximately $13 billion in revenue contribution to Apple's bottom line by 2025.[275] Despite a 19% sales decline in 2024 amid broader market contraction, Apple retained leadership with 17.9% global share per IDC data.[276] [277] In the U.S., it commands unmatched popularity among smartwatches and fitness trackers.[278] Patent filings emphasize digital data processing innovations, with over 1,000 grants by Series 10 reflecting core smart features.[279]Criticisms from Users and Analysts
Users have frequently criticized the Apple Watch's battery life, which Apple rates at approximately 18 hours for standard models under typical usage, but often falls short in real-world scenarios involving workouts, notifications, or software updates.[280] For instance, owners of the Series 10 reported draining from near-full charge to critically low within hours of moderate activity, prompting complaints of "catastrophic" performance shortly after purchase in late 2024.[281] Battery degradation over time exacerbates this, with devices like the Series 5 showing rapid drain even at 83% health after years of use, and post-watchOS 11 updates accelerating consumption by up to 10% per hour in idle states.[282] [283]
Controversies
Patent and Intellectual Property Disputes

Regulatory Interventions
The Apple Watch's electrocardiogram (ECG) feature, introduced with the Series 4 model on September 12, 2018, received De Novo classification and clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a Class II medical device for detecting atrial fibrillation and irregular heart rhythms in adults over 22 years old not previously diagnosed with the condition.[303] This clearance, granted on December 11, 2018, required Apple to implement post-market surveillance and labeling restrictions prohibiting use for diagnosing other arrhythmias or in symptomatic users.[304] In contrast, the blood oxygen (pulse oximetry) sensor, debuted in the Series 6 on September 15, 2020, was positioned as a general wellness tool rather than a diagnostic medical device, exempting it from FDA clearance requirements since it does not claim to diagnose conditions like hypoxemia.[305] In September 2025, the FDA cleared the Apple Watch Series 11's hypertension notification feature, which analyzes blood flow patterns via the optical heart sensor to alert users to potential chronic high blood pressure, marking it as the first wearable-based system for such non-invasive monitoring without a cuff.[306] This clearance enables deployment in over 150 countries, including the U.S. and EU, subject to similar regulatory approvals elsewhere, and underscores the FDA's evolving scrutiny of wearables transitioning from fitness trackers to medical adjuncts.[15] A significant regulatory escalation occurred in the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) proceedings initiated by Masimo Corporation, which alleged patent infringement on pulse oximetry technology integral to the Apple Watch's blood oxygen feature. On October 29, 2023, the ITC ruled that Apple violated Section 337 of the Tariff Act by infringing two Masimo patents (U.S. Patent Nos. 10,912,502 and RE48,982), prompting exclusion orders banning imports and sales of infringing Series 9, Ultra 2, and subsequent models.[307] The ban took partial effect on December 26, 2023, but was stayed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit pending appeal; Apple responded by redesigning U.S.-bound units to disable the blood oxygen app via software, averting full enforcement while preserving imports.[19] As of July 7, 2025, appeals continued, with Apple contesting the ITC's jurisdiction and Masimo defending the ruling's scope.[308] In August 2025, Apple reintroduced a modified blood oxygen feature for U.S. users on Series 9, 10, and Ultra 2 via software update, claiming circumvention of the ITC patents through algorithmic redesign, though Masimo challenged this via lawsuit against U.S. Customs and Border Protection for allegedly permitting infringing imports.[309] European regulators, under the Medical Device Regulation (MDR), have required compliance for ECG and similar features since May 2021, with Apple obtaining CE marking for diagnostic claims, but no equivalent import bans have materialized.[15] These interventions highlight tensions between innovation in consumer wearables and enforcement of intellectual property and medical standards, with the ITC case exemplifying trade-based remedies over traditional FDA oversight for non-medical features.Privacy and Data Handling Concerns
The Apple Watch collects extensive biometric and location data through sensors including heart rate monitors, accelerometers, GPS, and blood oxygen sensors, which generate records of users' physiological states, movements, and positions. This data is aggregated in the Health app on paired iPhones and can be synced to iCloud, raising concerns about centralized storage of sensitive personal information vulnerable to breaches or unauthorized access.[310][311] In 2021, a third-party aggregator called GetHealth exposed over 61 million records from fitness trackers, including Apple HealthKit data containing names, birthdates, weights, heights, genders, and locations of Apple users, highlighting risks from ecosystem integrations despite Apple's controls. Such incidents underscore the challenges of data sharing via APIs like HealthKit, where third-party apps can request access to health metrics, potentially leading to leaks if permissions are mismanaged.[312] Legal challenges have emerged over Apple's data practices; a 2024 federal lawsuit alleges the company violated privacy laws by collecting diagnostic and usage data from Apple Watches and other devices even after users disabled personalization features, claiming breaches of user agreements. Critics argue this reflects broader issues with opaque data transmission to Apple servers for analytics, where users lack granular control over what is sent, exacerbating privacy risks in a device that continuously monitors vital signs.[313][314] Law enforcement access to Apple Watch data has also drawn scrutiny, with reports of police obtaining movement and location records via warrants, as seen in criminal investigations where step counts and GPS logs contradicted alibis. While Apple requires legal process for disclosures and encrypts data, the persistence of such records enables forensic use, raising civil liberties concerns about pervasive surveillance from wearables not designed with full evidentiary protections.[315][316] Wearables like the Apple Watch face HIPAA-related vulnerabilities when integrated into healthcare, as fitness data lacks the stringent protections of protected health information, potentially exposing users to discrimination or misuse by insurers and employers if shared inadvertently. A 2023 review noted recurring privacy breaches in digital health wearables, including consent violations and biometric data exploitation, with Apple devices implicated due to their market dominance and data richness.[317][318]
Environmental Claims Scrutiny
Apple has promoted certain Apple Watch models, beginning with the Series 9 and Ultra 2 released on September 12, 2023, as carbon neutral, asserting that their lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions are offset to zero through a combination of material sourcing, manufacturing processes, and carbon credits.[323] These claims specify that qualifying aluminum-cased models with braided solo loop or sport bands achieve carbon neutrality by using 100% renewable electricity for production and assembly, low-carbon aluminum smelting, over 95% fiber-based packaging, and offsets covering the remaining approximately 25% of emissions via reforestation projects in China and Kenya.[323] The company states that recycled content claims, including up to 100% recycled rare earth elements in magnets and cobalt in batteries for later models like the Series 10 (September 2024), have been verified by independent third parties such as SCS Global Services against established recycled content standards.[324]
Model Comparisons
Technical Specifications
The Apple Watch integrates a custom system-in-package (SiP) that combines the processor, RAM, storage, wireless radios, and sensors into a compact module. The original 2015 model used the S1 SiP with a single-core ARM-based processor operating at approximately 520 MHz, 512 MB RAM, and 8 GB storage. The Series 1 (2016) employed the S1P variant, retaining similar single-core performance but optimized for cost. Starting with Series 2 (2016), the S2 SiP introduced dual-core processing at up to 1 GHz, still with 512 MB RAM and 8-16 GB storage depending on GPS variant. Subsequent advancements included the S3 (Series 3, 2017) with a dual-core processor and W2 wireless chip; S4 (Series 4, 2018) with 64-bit dual-core at 1.5 GHz, 1 GB LPDDR4 RAM, and 16 GB storage; S5 (Series 5, 2019) adding always-on display support; S6 (Series 6, 2020) with a 20% faster S5-derived core and U1 ultra-wideband chip; S7 (Series 7, 2021) enhancing power efficiency; S8 (Series 8, 2022) introducing a 4-core Neural Engine for on-device machine learning; S9 (Series 9, 2023) with a faster Neural Engine and double-tap gesture enablement; and S10 (Series 10, 2024) featuring a 64-bit dual-core processor, 4-core Neural Engine, and 64 GB storage for advanced health algorithms like sleep apnea detection.[333][165] Apple does not officially disclose RAM amounts beyond early models, but teardowns confirm increases to support growing software demands. To illustrate generational differences, the first-generation model (2015) and Series 9 (2023) differ in key specifications as follows:- Display: First generation used a Retina OLED display with Force Touch; Series 9 features an always-on Retina LTPO OLED display with up to 2000 nits brightness.
- Processor: First generation employed the S1 SiP (single-core); Series 9 uses the S9 SiP with a 64-bit dual-core processor and 4-core Neural Engine.
- Health and Sensors: First generation included basic optical heart rate sensor, accelerometer, and gyroscope; Series 9 adds ECG, temperature sensing, high/low heart rate notifications, and irregular rhythm alerts.
- Connectivity: First generation had no GPS and Bluetooth 4.0; Series 9 includes built-in GPS/GNSS, optional cellular, and Bluetooth 5.3.
- Water Resistance: First generation was splash-resistant; Series 9 is rated swimproof to 50 meters.
- Other Features: Series 9 supports double-tap gesture, crash detection, fall detection, and fast charging; first generation lacks these.
- Battery Life: Both rated up to 18 hours, with Series 9 adding fast charging and low-power mode support.
- Sizes: First generation available in 38 mm and 42 mm; Series 9 in 41 mm and 45 mm.[12][101]
Performance and Feature Evolution
The Apple Watch's performance advancements stem primarily from iterative upgrades to Apple's custom system-in-package (SiP) chips, which integrate CPU, GPU, memory, wireless connectivity, and sensor processing on a single die, reducing power consumption and enabling denser feature integration. The inaugural model, launched on April 24, 2015, featured the S1 SiP with a single-core processor running at approximately 520 MHz, supporting core functions like optical heart rate monitoring via green LED sensors, accelerometer-based activity tracking, and basic app execution, though early reviews noted lag in interface responsiveness due to the chip's 32-bit architecture and limited RAM.[38][34] Battery life was rated at 18 hours under mixed usage, constrained by the device's 205mAh (38mm) or 273mAh (42mm) battery and always-on display limitations.[12] Subsequent models introduced dual-core processors and architectural shifts. The Apple Watch Series 1 (September 2016) upgraded to the S1P SiP, a cost-optimized variant with a faster dual-core CPU, improving app launch times by up to 50% over the original while retaining the 18-hour battery rating.[335] The Series 2 (September 2016) debuted the S2 SiP, adding a built-in GPS chip for independent location tracking and 50-meter water resistance, with the dual-core processor enabling swim-proof heart rate sensing; real-world GPS accuracy improved location fixes to within 3-5 meters compared to phone-dependent triangulation in prior models.[36] Series 3 (September 2017) incorporated the S3 SiP with an enhanced W2 wireless chip supporting optional LTE connectivity, allowing cellular models to handle calls and streaming without an iPhone, though LTE variants consumed up to 20% more battery during data sessions.[11]| Series | Release Year | SiP Chip | Key Performance Upgrades | Battery Life (Rated) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original | 2015 | S1 (single-core, 32-bit) | Integrated sensors for heart rate and motion | 18 hours |
| Series 1 | 2016 | S1P (dual-core) | 50% faster app performance | 18 hours |
| Series 2 | 2016 | S2 (dual-core + GPS) | On-device GPS, water-resistant HR sensing | 18 hours |
| Series 3 | 2017 | S3 (dual-core + W2 wireless) | LTE option, improved connectivity | 18 hours |
| Series 4 | 2018 | S4 (64-bit dual-core @ 1.5 GHz) | ECG waveform generation, fall detection via upgraded accelerometer/gyroscope | 18 hours |
| Series 5 | 2019 | S5 (64-bit dual-core) | Always-on Retina display with LTPO for 30% less power draw | 18 hours |
| Series 6 | 2020 | S6 (64-bit dual-core, 20% faster) | Blood oxygen sensing via red/infrared LEDs, U1 ultra-wideband chip | 18 hours |
| Series 7 | 2021 | S7 (same as S6, refined) | Faster charging (80% in 45 minutes), dust resistance | 18 hours |
| Series 8 | 2022 | S8 (minor efficiency gains) | Temperature sensor for cycle tracking, crash detection | 18 hours |
| Series 9 | 2023 | S9 (64-bit dual-core, 30% faster neural engine) | Double-tap gesture via neural processing, on-device Siri | 18 hours |
| Series 10 | 2024 | S10 (thinner design, 4-core neural engine) | Sleep apnea detection, depth/water temp sensors, 2x faster charging | 18 hours (36 hours low power) |
| Series 11 | 2025 | S10 SiP (shared with previous generations, efficiency focus) | Hypertension notifications, extended low-power mode to 38 hours | 24 hours (with optimized always-on usage) |