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This is a list of current state leaders ordered by their continuous tenure in a position of national leadership. For countries in which the head of state and head of government are separate, both offices are listed. For leaders who held the same office prior to their state's independence, the start of their tenure is used, not independence. For a list of heads of state taking dates of independence into account, see List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence.
Acting presidents are included in this list, but if a leader has non-consecutive terms, only the current period of service is listed.
States where head of state differs from head of government are mainly parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.
| Assumed office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 October 1967[1] | Hassanal Bolkiah |  Brunei
|
Sultan: 5 October 1967 – present Prime Minister: 1 January 1984 – present |
| 15 September 1973 | Carl XVI Gustaf |  Sweden
|
King |
| 30 June 1975 | Paul Biya |  Cameroon
|
Prime Minister: 30 June 1975 – 6 November 1982 President: 6 November 1982 – present |
| 3 August 1979 | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[2] |  Equatorial Guinea
|
Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council: 3 August 1979 – 25 August 1979 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council: 25 August 1979 – 12 October 1982 President: 12 October 1982 – present |
| 13 October 1981 | Ali Khamenei |  Iran
|
President: 13 October 1981 – 2 August 1989 Supreme Leader: 4 June 1989 – present |
| 25 March 1983 | Ntfombi |  Eswatini[3]
|
Queen Regent: 25 March 1983 – 25 April 1986 Queen Mother: 25 April 1986 – present |
| 26 August 1984 | Hans-Adam II |  Liechtenstein
|
Prince-Regent: 26 August 1984 – 13 November 1989 Prince: 13 November 1989 – present[4] |
| 29 January 1986 | Yoweri Museveni |  Uganda
|
President[5] |
| 25 April 1986 | Mswati III | Eswatini[3]
|
King |
| 1 June 1990 | Harald V |  Norway
|
Prince-Regent: 1 June 1990 – 17 January 1991 King: 17 January 1991 – present[6] |
| 27 April 1991[7] | Isaias Afwerki |  Eritrea
|
Secretary-General of the Provisional Government: 27 April 1991 – 23 May 1993 President: 23 May 1993 – present Chairman of the People's Front: 1 March 1994 – present |
| 19 November 1992 | Emomali Rahmon |  Tajikistan
|
Acting Chairman of the Supreme Council: 19 November 1992 – 27 November 1992 Chairman of the Supreme Council: 27 November 1992 – 16 November 1994 President: 16 November 1994 – present |
| 20 July 1994 | Alexander Lukashenko |  Belarus
|
President: 20 July 1994 – present[8] Chairman of the People's Assembly: 24 April 2024 – present |
| 7 February 1996 | Letsie III |  Lesotho
|
King[9] |
| 25 October 1997 | Denis Sassou Nguesso |  Congo-Brazzaville
|
President[10] |
| 3 March 1998 | Henri |  Luxembourg
|
Lieutenant-Representative: 3 March 1998 – 7 October 2000 Grand Duke: 7 October 2000 – present[11] |
| 25 January 1999 | Abdullah II |  Jordan
|
Prince-Regent: 25 January 1999 – 7 February 1999 King: 7 February 1999 – present |
| 6 March 1999 | Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa |  Bahrain[12]
|
Emir: 6 March 1999 – 14 February 2002 King: 14 February 2002 – present |
| 8 May 1999 | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh[13] |  Djibouti
|
President |
| 23 July 1999 | Mohammed VI |  Morocco
|
King |
| 9 August 1999 | Vladimir Putin |  Russia
|
Acting Prime Minister: 9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999 Prime Minister: 16 August 1999 – 7 May 2000 Acting President: 31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000 President: 7 May 2000 – 7 May 2008 Prime Minister: 8 May 2008 – 7 May 2012 President: 7 May 2012 – present |
| Assumed office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24 March 2000 | Paul Kagame |  Rwanda
|
Acting President: 24 March 2000 – 22 April 2000 President: 22 April 2000 – present |
| 29 March 2001 | Ralph Gonsalves |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
Prime Minister |
| 14 March 2003 | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |  Turkey
|
Prime Minister: 14 March 2003 – 28 August 2014 President: 28 August 2014 – present |
| 4 August 2003 | Ilham Aliyev[14] |  Azerbaijan
|
Prime Minister: 4 August 2003 – 4 November 2003[15] President: 31 October 2003 – present |
| 12 December 2003 | Shavkat Mirziyoyev |  Uzbekistan
|
Prime Minister: 12 December 2003 – 14 December 2016 Acting President: 8 September 2016 – 14 December 2016 President: 14 December 2016 – present |
| 8 January 2004 | Roosevelt Skerrit |  Dominica
|
Prime Minister |
| 15 August 2004 | Alois | Liechtenstein
|
Prince-Regent[4] |
| 14 October 2004 | Norodom Sihamoni |  Cambodia
|
King |
| 15 January 2005 | Mahmoud Abbas |  Palestine
|
President[16] |
| 31 March 2005 | Albert II |  Monaco
|
Prince-Regent: 31 March 2005 – 6 April 2005 Prince: 6 April 2005 – present |
| 4 May 2005 | Faure Gnassingbé[17] |  Togo
|
President: 4 May 2005 – 3 May 2025[18] President of the Council of Ministers: 3 May 2025 – present |
| 30 July 2005[19] | Salva Kiir Mayardit |  South Sudan[20]
|
President of the Regional Government: 30 July 2005 – 9 July 2011 President: 9 July 2011 – present |
| 11 February 2006 | Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum[21] |  United Arab Emirates
|
Prime Minister |
| 9 December 2006 | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck |  Bhutan
|
King |
| 10 January 2007 | Daniel Ortega[22] |  Nicaragua
|
President: 10 January 2007 – 18 February 2025[23] Co-President: 18 February 2025 – present |
| 26 February 2009 | Patrick Allen |  Jamaica
|
Governor-General[24] |
| Assuming office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|
