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February 21
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February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 313 days remain until the end of the year (314 in leap years).
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.[1]
- 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
- 1440 – The Prussian Confederation is formed.
1601–1900
[edit]- 1613 – Mikhail I is unanimously elected Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia.
- 1797 – A force of 1,400 French soldiers invaded Britain at Fishguard in support of the Society of United Irishmen. They were defeated by 500 British reservists.
- 1804 – The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks in Wales.
- 1808 – Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish War, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country (i.e. Finland) to Russia.
- 1828 – Initial issue of the Cherokee Phoenix is the first periodical to use the Cherokee syllabary invented by Sequoyah.
- 1842 – John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.
- 1848 – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
- 1861 – Mariehamn, the capital city of Åland, is founded.[2]
- 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Valverde is fought near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory.
- 1874 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first edition.
- 1878 – The first telephone directory is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.
- 1885 – The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.
- 1896 – An Englishman raised in Australia, Bob Fitzsimmons, fought an Irishman, Peter Maher, in an American promoted event which technically took place in Mexico, winning the 1896 World Heavyweight Championship in boxing.
1901–present
[edit]- 1913 – Ioannina is incorporated into the Greek state after the Balkan Wars.
- 1916 – World War I: In France, the Battle of Verdun begins.
- 1918 – The last Carolina parakeet dies in captivity at the Cincinnati Zoo.
- 1919 – German socialist Kurt Eisner is assassinated. His death results in the establishment of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and parliament and government fleeing Munich, Germany.
- 1921 – Constituent Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Georgia adopts the country's first constitution.
- 1921 – Rezā Shāh takes control of Tehran during a successful coup.
- 1925 – The New Yorker publishes its first issue.
- 1929 – In the first battle of the Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong against the Nationalist government of China, a 24,000-strong rebel force led by Zhang Zongchang was defeated at Zhifu by 7,000 NRA troops.[3]
- 1937 – The League of Nations bans foreign national "volunteers" in the Spanish Civil War.
- 1945 – World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, Japanese kamikaze planes sink the escort carrier USS Bismarck Sea and damage the USS Saratoga.
- 1945 – World War II: the Brazilian Expeditionary Force defeat the German forces in the Battle of Monte Castello on the Italian front.
- 1947 – In New York City, Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.
- 1948 – NASCAR is incorporated.
- 1952 – The British government, under Winston Churchill, abolishes identity cards in the UK to "set the people free".
- 1952 – The Bengali Language Movement protests occur at the University of Dhaka in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
- 1958 – The CND symbol, aka peace symbol, commissioned by the Direct Action Committee in protest against the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, is designed and completed by Gerald Holtom.
- 1971 – The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.
- 1972 – United States President Richard Nixon visits China to normalize Sino-American relations.
- 1972 – The Soviet uncrewed spaceship Luna 20 lands on the Moon.
- 1973 – Over the Sinai Desert, Israeli fighter aircraft shoot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 jet killing 108 people.
- 1974 – The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal pursuant to a truce with Egypt.
- 1975 – Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to prison.
- 1994 – Aldrich Ames is arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for selling national secrets to the Soviet Union in Arlington County, Virginia.[4]
- 1995 – Steve Fossett lands in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada becoming the first person to make a solo flight across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon.
- 2013 – At least 17 people are killed and 119 injured following several bombings in the Indian city of Hyderabad.
- 2022 – In the prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Russian President Vladimir Putin declares the Luhansk People's Republic and Donetsk People's Republic as independent from Ukraine, and moves troops into the region. The action is condemned by the United Nations.[5]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 921 – Abe no Seimei, Japanese astrologer (died 1005)
- 1397 – Isabella of Portugal (died 1471)
- 1462 – Joanna la Beltraneja, princess of Castile (died 1530)
- 1484 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1535)
- 1498 – Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (died 1549)
- 1541 – Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (died 1599)
- 1556 – Sethus Calvisius, German astronomer, composer, and theorist (died 1615)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1609 – Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian military commander (died 1680)
- 1621 – Rebecca Nurse, Massachusetts colonist, executed as a witch (died 1692)
- 1705 – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, English admiral and politician (died 1781)
- 1728 – Peter III of Russia (died 1762)
- 1783 – Catharina of Württemberg (died 1835)
- 1788 – Francis Ronalds, British scientist, inventor and engineer who was knighted for developing the first working electric telegraph (died 1873)
- 1791 – Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist and composer (died 1857)
- 1794 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and politician, 8th President of Mexico (died 1876)
- 1801 – John Henry Newman, English cardinal (died 1890)
- 1817 – José Zorrilla, Spanish poet and playwright (died 1893)
- 1821 – Charles Scribner I, American publisher, founded Charles Scribner's Sons (died 1871)
- 1836 – Léo Delibes, French pianist and composer (died 1891)
- 1844 – Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (died 1937)
- 1860 – Goscombe John, Welsh-English sculptor and academic (died 1952)
- 1865 – John Haden Badley, English author and educator, founded the Bedales School (died 1967)
- 1867 – Otto Hermann Kahn, German banker and philanthropist (died 1934)
- 1875 – Jeanne Calment, French super-centenarian, oldest verified person ever (died 1997)
- 1878 – Mirra Alfassa, French-Indian spiritual leader (died 1973)[6]
- 1881 – Kenneth J. Alford, English soldier, bandmaster, and composer (died 1945)
- 1885 – Sacha Guitry, Russian-French actor, director, and playwright (died 1957)
- 1887 – Korechika Anami, Japanese general and politician, 54th Japanese Minister of War (died 1945)
- 1888 – Clemence Dane, English author and playwright (died 1965)[7]
- 1892 – Harry Stack Sullivan, American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (died 1949)
- 1893 – Celia Lovsky, Austrian-American actress (died 1979)
- 1893 – Andrés Segovia, Spanish guitarist (died 1987)
- 1894 – Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, Indian chemist and academic (died 1955)
- 1895 – Henrik Dam, Danish biochemist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1976)
- 1896 – Nirala, Indian poet and author (died 1961)
- 1900 – Jeanne Aubert, French singer and actress (died 1988)[8]
1901–present
[edit]- 1902 – Arthur Nock, English theologian and academic (died 1963)
- 1903 – Anaïs Nin, French-American essayist and memoirist (died 1977)[9]
- 1903 – Raymond Queneau, French poet and author (died 1976)
- 1907 – W. H. Auden, English-American poet, playwright, and composer (died 1973)[10]
- 1909 – Hans Erni, Swiss painter, sculptor, and illustrator (died 2015)
- 1910 – Douglas Bader, English fighter pilot in World War II (died 1982)
- 1912 – Arline Judge, American actress and singer (died 1974)
- 1914 – Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish soldier and pilot (died 1999)
- 1914 – Zachary Scott, American actor (died 1965)
- 1914 – Jean Tatlock, American psychiatrist and physician (died 1944)
- 1915 – Claudia Jones, Trinidad-British journalist and activist (died 1964)
- 1915 – Ann Sheridan, American actress and singer (died 1967)
- 1915 – Anton Vratuša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (died 2017)
- 1917 – Lucille Bremer, American actress and dancer (died 1996)
- 1917 – Tadd Dameron, American pianist and composer (died 1965)
- 1921 – Zdeněk Miler, Czech animator (died 2011)[11]
- 1921 – John Rawls, American philosopher and academic (died 2002)
- 1921 – Richard T. Whitcomb, American aeronautical engineer (died 2009)
- 1924 – Dorothy Blum, American computer scientist and cryptanalyst (died 1980)
- 1924 – Thelma Estrin, American computer scientist and engineer (died 2014)
- 1924 – Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwean educator and politician, 2nd President of Zimbabwe (died 2019)
- 1925 – Sam Peckinpah, American director and screenwriter (died 1984)[12]
- 1925 – Jack Ramsay, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (died 2014)
- 1927 – Erma Bombeck, American journalist and author (died 1996)[9]
- 1929 – Chespirito, Mexican actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2014)
- 1933 – Bob Rafelson, American film director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2022)[13]
- 1933 – Nina Simone, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2003)[14]
- 1934 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (died 2010)[9]
- 1935 – Richard A. Lupoff, American author (died 2020)
- 1935 – Mark McManus, Scottish actor (died 1994)[15]
- 1936 – Barbara Jordan, American lawyer and politician (died 1996)
- 1937 – Ron Clarke, Australian runner and politician, Mayor of the Gold Coast (died 2015)
- 1937 – Harald V of Norway[9]
- 1937 – Gary Lockwood, American actor[16]
- 1938 – Bobby Charles, American singer-songwriter (died 2010)
- 1940 – Peter Gethin, English racing driver (died 2011)[17]
- 1940 – John Lewis, American activist and politician (died 2020)[9]
- 1942 – Tony Martin, Trinidadian-American historian and academic (died 2013)
- 1942 – Margarethe von Trotta, German actress, director, and screenwriter
- 1943 – David Geffen, American businessman, co-founded DreamWorks and Geffen Records[16]
- 1945 – Maurice Bembridge, English golfer (died 2024)
- 1946 – Tyne Daly, American actress and singer[16]
- 1946 – Anthony Daniels, English actor and producer[16]
- 1946 – Alan Rickman, English actor and director (died 2016)[18]
- 1946 – Bob Ryan, American journalist and author
- 1947 – Johnny Echols, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1947 – Olympia Snowe, American politician
- 1949 – Frank Brunner, American illustrator
- 1949 – Jerry Harrison, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[16]
- 1949 – Ronnie Hellström, Swedish footballer (died 2022)
- 1950 – Sahle-Work Zewde, Ethiopian politician and diplomat, 5th President of Ethiopia[19]
- 1951 – Vince Welnick, American keyboard player (died 2006)
- 1952 – Jean-Jacques Burnel, English bass player, songwriter, and producer
- 1952 – Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat, former Ambassador of Russia to the United Nations (died 2017)
- 1953 – Christine Ebersole, American actress and singer[16]
- 1953 – William Petersen, American actor and producer[16]
- 1954 – Christina Rees, British politician[20]
- 1955 – Kelsey Grammer, American actor, singer, and producer[16]
- 1958 – Jake Burns, Northern Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1958 – Mary Chapin Carpenter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[16]
- 1958 – Kim Coates, Canadian-American actor[16]
- 1958 – Jack Coleman, American actor[16]
- 1958 – Alan Trammell, American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1959 – José María Cano, Spanish singer-songwriter and painter
- 1960 – Plamen Oresharski, Bulgarian economist and politician, 52nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- 1961 – Christopher Atkins, American actor and businessman[16]
- 1961 – Elliot Hirshman, American psychologist and academic[21]
- 1962 – Chuck Palahniuk, American novelist and journalist
- 1962 – David Foster Wallace, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (died 2008)[22]
- 1963 – William Baldwin, American actor[16]
- 1963 – Ranking Roger, English singer-songwriter and musician (died 2019)[23]
- 1963 – Greg Turner, New Zealand golfer[24]
- 1964 – Mark Kelly, American astronaut and politician
- 1964 – Scott Kelly, American astronaut
- 1965 – Mark Ferguson, Australian journalist
- 1967 – Leroy Burrell, American runner and coach
- 1967 – Sari Essayah, Finnish athlete and politician
- 1969 – James Dean Bradfield, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1969 – Aunjanue Ellis, American actress and producer[16]
- 1969 – Petra Kronberger, Austrian skier
- 1969 – Tony Meola, American soccer player and manager
- 1969 – Cathy Richardson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1970 – Michael Slater, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
- 1971 – Pierre Fulke, Swedish golfer[25]
- 1973 – Heri Joensen, Faroese singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1973 – Brian Rolston, American ice hockey player and coach
- 1974 – Iván Campo, Spanish footballer
- 1975 – Scott Miller, Australian swimmer
- 1976 – Michael McIntyre, English comedian, actor and television presenter
- 1976 – Ryan Smyth, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1977 – Steve Francis, American basketball player
- 1977 – Rhiannon Giddens, American musician[26]
- 1978 – Erick Barkley, American basketball player[27]
- 1979 – Tituss Burgess, American actor and singer[16]
- 1979 – Carlito, Puerto Rican wrestler[28]
- 1979 – Pascal Chimbonda, Guadeloupean-French footballer[29]
- 1979 – Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress and producer[16]
- 1979 – Jordan Peele, American actor, comedian, director, producer, and screenwriter[16]
- 1980 – Brad Fast, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1980 – Tiziano Ferro, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
- 1980 – Brendan Sexton III, American actor[16]
- 1980 – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, 5th King of Bhutan
- 1981 – Tsuyoshi Wada, Japanese baseball player[30]
- 1982 – Andre Barrett, American basketball player
- 1982 – Chantal Claret, American singer-songwriter
- 1982 – Tebogo Jacko Magubane, South African DJ and producer
- 1983 – Braylon Edwards, American football player
- 1983 – Franklin Gutiérrez, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1983 – Mélanie Laurent, French actress
- 1984 – Andrew Ellis, New Zealand rugby player
- 1984 – David Odonkor, German footballer
- 1984 – Marco Paoloni, Italian footballer
- 1984 – James Wisniewski, American ice hockey player
- 1985 – Georgios Samaras, Greek footballer
- 1986 – Charlotte Church, Welsh singer-songwriter and actress[16]
- 1987 – Eniola Aluko, English footballer[31]
- 1987 – Ashley Greene, American actress[16]
- 1987 – Elliot Page, Canadian actor[32]
- 1988 – Donté Greene, American basketball player[33]
- 1989 – Corbin Bleu, American actor, model, dancer, film producer and singer-songwriter[34]
- 1989 – Ian Cole, American ice hockey player[35]
- 1989 – Federico Fernández, Argentine footballer[36]
- 1989 – Jake Muzzin, Canadian ice hockey player[37]
- 1990 – Mattias Tedenby, Swedish ice hockey player[38]
- 1991 – Joe Alwyn, English actor[39]
- 1991 – Riyad Mahrez, Algerian footballer
- 1991 – Ji So-yun, South Korean footballer
- 1991 – Solar, South Korean singer, songwriter and actress[40]
- 1991 – Devon Travis, American baseball player[41]
- 1992 – Phil Jones, English footballer[42]
- 1993 – Steve Leo Beleck, Cameroonian footballer
- 1993 – Davy Klaassen, Dutch footballer
- 1994 – Tang Haochen, Chinese tennis player[43]
- 1994 – Hayley Orrantia, American actress and singer-songwriter[16]
- 1994 – Wendy, South Korean singer[44]
- 1996 – Noah Rubin, American tennis player[45]
- 1996 – Sophie Turner, English actress[46]
- 1999 – Metawin Opas-iamkajorn, Thai actor and singer[47]
Deaths
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 4 AD – Gaius Caesar, Roman consul and grandson of Augustus (born 20 BC)
- 675 – Randoald of Grandval, prior of the Benedictine monastery of Grandval
- 1184 – Minamoto no Yoshinaka, Japanese shōgun (born 1154)
- 1211 – Aymon de Briançon, archbishop of Tarentaise and crusader[48]
- 1267 – Baldwin of Ibelin, Seneschal of Cyprus
- 1437 – James I of Scotland (born 1394; assassinated)[49]
- 1471 – Jan Rokycana, Czech bishop and theologian (born 1396)
- 1513 – Pope Julius II (born 1443)
- 1543 – Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Somalian general (born 1507)
- 1554 – Hieronymus Bock, German botanist and physician (born 1498)
- 1572 – Cho Sik, Korean poet and scholar (born 1501)
- 1590 – Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick, English nobleman and general (born 1528)
- 1595 – Robert Southwell, English priest and poet (born 1561)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1677 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher and scholar (born 1632)
- 1715 – Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, English politician (born 1637)
- 1730 – Pope Benedict XIII (born 1649)
- 1821 – Georg Friedrich von Martens, German jurist and diplomat (born 1756)
- 1824 – Eugène de Beauharnais, French general (born 1781)
- 1829 – Kittur Chennamma, Indian queen and freedom fighter (born 1778)[50]
- 1846 – Emperor Ninkō of Japan (born 1800)
- 1862 – Justinus Kerner, German poet and physician (born 1786)
- 1888 – William Weston, English-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of Tasmania (born 1804)
- 1891 – James Timberlake, American lieutenant and police officer (born 1846)
1901–present
[edit]- 1918 – Incas, last known Carolina parakeet (h. fl. 1885)[51][52]
- 1919 – Kurt Eisner, German journalist and politician, Minister-President of Bavaria (born 1867)
- 1926 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1853)
- 1934 – Augusto César Sandino, Nicaraguan rebel leader (born 1895)
- 1938 – George Ellery Hale, American astronomer and academic (born 1868)
- 1941 – Frederick Banting, Canadian physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1891)[53]
- 1944 – Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-French racing driver (born 1873)
- 1945 – Eric Liddell, Scottish rugby player and runner (born 1902)
- 1946 – José Streel, Belgian journalist (born 1911)
- 1947 – Fannie Charles Dillon, American composer (born 1881)[54]
- 1958 – Duncan Edwards, English footballer (born 1936)
- 1965 – Malcolm X, American minister and activist (born 1925)[55]
- 1967 – Charles Beaumont, American author and screenwriter (born 1929)
- 1968 – Howard Florey, Australian pathologist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1898)[56]
- 1972 – Zhang Guohua, Chinese general and politician (born 1914)
- 1972 – Bronislava Nijinska, Russian-American dancer and choreographer (born 1891)
- 1972 – Eugène Tisserant, French cardinal (born 1884)
- 1974 – Tim Horton, Canadian ice hockey player and businessman, co-founded Tim Hortons (born 1930)
- 1980 – Alfred Andersch, German-Swiss author (born 1914)
- 1982 – Gershom Scholem, German-Israeli historian and philosopher (born 1897)
- 1984 – Mikhail Sholokhov, Russian novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905)
- 1985 – Louis Hayward, South African-American actor (born 1909)
- 1986 – Helen Hooven Santmyer, American novelist (born 1895)
- 1991 – Dorothy Auchterlonie Green, Australian poet, critic, and academic (born 1915)
- 1991 – Nutan, Indian actress (born 1936)[57]
- 1993 – Inge Lehmann, Danish seismologist and geophysicist (born 1888)
- 1994 – Johannes Steinhoff, German general and pilot (born 1913)
- 1995 – Robert Bolt, English dramatist (born 1924)[58]
- 1996 – Morton Gould, American pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1913)
- 1999 – Gertrude B. Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)
- 1999 – Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish soldier and pilot (born 1914)
- 1999 – Wilmer Mizell, American baseball player and politician (born 1930)
- 2002 – John Thaw, English actor and producer (born 1942)
- 2004 – John Charles, Welsh footballer and manager (born 1931)
- 2005 – Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Cuban author, screenwriter, and critic (born 1929)
- 2005 – Zdzisław Beksiński, Polish painter, photographer, and sculptor (born 1929)
- 2008 – Ben Chapman, American actor (born 1928)
- 2011 – Dwayne McDuffie, American author and screenwriter, co-founded Milestone Media (born 1962)
- 2011 – Bernard Nathanson, American physician and activist (born 1926)
- 2012 – H. M. Darmstandler, American general (born 1922)
- 2013 – Hasse Jeppson, Swedish footballer (born 1925)
- 2014 – Héctor Maestri, Cuban-American baseball player (born 1935)
- 2014 – Matthew Robinson, Australian snowboarder (born 1985)
- 2014 – Cornelius Schnauber, German–American historian, playwright, and academic (born 1939)
- 2015 – Aleksei Gubarev, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (born 1931)
- 2015 – Sadeq Tabatabaei, Iranian journalist and politician (born 1943)[59]
- 2015 – Clark Terry, American trumpet player, composer, and educator (born 1920)
- 2016 – Eric Brown, Scottish-English captain and pilot (born 1919)
- 2017 – Jeanne Martin Cissé, Guinean teacher and politician (born 1926)[60]
- 2018 – Billy Graham, American evangelist (born 1918)[61]
- 2019 – Stanley Donen, American film director (born 1924)[62]
- 2019 – Peter Tork, American musician and actor (born 1942)[63]
- 2021 – Mireya Arboleda, Colombian classical pianist (born 1928)[64]
- 2021 – Kevin Dann, Australian rugby league player (born 1958)[65]
- 2024 – John Bahnsen, United States Army brigadier general and decorated veteran of the Vietnam War (born 1934)[66]
- 2025 – Clint Hill, American Secret Service agent (born 1932)[67]
- 2025 – Lynne Marie Stewart, American actress (born 1946)[68]
Holidays and observances
[edit]- Armed Forces Day (South Africa)
- Birthday of King Harald V (Norway)
- Christian feast day:
- Father Lini Day (Vanuatu)
- Language Movement Day (Bangladesh)
- International Mother Language Day (UNESCO)[69]
- The first day of the Birth Anniversary of Fifth Druk Gyalpo, celebrated until February 23. (Bhutan)
- The first day of the Musikahan Festival, celebrated until February 27. (Tagum City, Philippines)
References
[edit]- ^ Butler, Alban (1821), The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints, p. 195, archived from the original on 2021-07-26, retrieved 2021-07-26
- ^ Mann, Robert (2011). Żaboklicki, Paweł (ed.). "Mariehamn Celebrates". Union of the Baltic Cities (1). The UBC Bulletin: 34.
- ^ Fuller (1943), p. 143.
- ^ [1]Federal Bureau of Investigation[2][3][4]
- ^ "Russia strongly condemned at UN after Putin orders troops into eastern Ukraine". The Guardian. 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Pandya, Samta P. (2009). Faith Movements and Social Transformation: Guru Charisma in India. Singapore: Springer. p. 38. ISBN 9789811328220.
- ^ "Ashton, Winifred [pseud. Clemence Dane] (1888–1965), playwright and novelist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30475. Retrieved 14 January 2021. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Biographie de Jeanne Aubert (1900-1988)". www.histoire-vesinet.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-21. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
- ^ a b c d e "Famous birthdays for Feb. 21: Tyne Daly, Tituss Burgess". UPI. 21 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "W. H. Auden". www.bl.uk. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ "Zemřel Zdeněk Miler. Otec Krtečka, kterého nám závidí Hollywood" (in Czech). 30 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- ^ Jon Tuska (1991). Encounters with Filmmakers: Eight Career Studies. Greenwood Press. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-313-26305-7. Archived from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- ^ Lim, Dennis (July 24, 2022). "Bob Rafelson, Director of 'Five Easy Pieces,' Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ David Brun-Lambert (2009). Nina Simone: The Biography. Aurum. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-84513-430-3. Archived from the original on 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- ^ "Obituary: Mark McManus". The Independent. 6 June 1994. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Rose, Mike (21 February 2023). "Today's famous birthdays list for February 21, 2023 includes celebrities Jordan Peele, Sophie Turner". The Plain Dealer. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Peter Gethin, winner of the 1971 Italian Grand Prix, dies aged 71". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. 5 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
- ^ "Alan Rickman obituary". The Guardian. 14 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ^ "Sahle-Work Zewde -". Archives of Women's Political Communication - Iowa State University. Archived from the original on 2022-01-16. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ "Christina Rees MP". myparliament.info. MyParliament. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
- ^ "Elliot Hirshman, President" (PDF). San Diego State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
- ^ Boswell, Marshall; Burn, Stephen, eds. (2013). A Companion to David Foster Wallace Studies. American Literature Readings in the Twenty-First Century. New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 94. ISBN 9781137078346. OCLC 832399604.
- ^ Mason, Peter (27 March 2019). "Ranking Roger obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ February 21 at the European Tour official site
- ^ "Pierre Fulke". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ^ "Rhiannon Giddens Concert & Tour History (Updated for 2022 - 2023) | Concert Archives". www.concertarchives.org. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
- ^ "Erick Barkley". National Basketball Association. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "IGN: Carlito (WWE) Biography". IGN. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
- ^ "Pascal Chimbonda". soccerbase.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- ^ "Tsuyoshi Wada". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Eniola Aluko". ESPN. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ^ "Ellen Page: Film Actress (1987–)". Biography.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ "Donte Greene". National Basketball Association. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Corbin Bleu". Encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^ "Ian Cole". National Hockey League. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Federico Fernández". Premier League. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Jake Muzzin". National Hockey League. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Mattias Tedenby Stats". Hockey-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^ "Joe Alwyn". Glamour. UK: Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 2018-01-08. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ "MAMAMOO Members' Attempt To Surprise Solar On Her Birthday Almost Succeeds". Soompi. Uin Kim. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
- ^ "Devon Travis Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News". MLB.com. Archived from the original on Feb 21, 2023.
- ^ "Phil Jones". Premier League. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "Tang Haochen". Olympedia. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ^ Seong, Jin-hee (September 26, 2014). [더★프로필] 레드벨벳 웬디 "밥 잘 먹는 사람이 이상형" [[The ★ Profile] Red Velvet Wendy "My ideal type is someone who eats well"]. The Star. Archived from the original on June 5, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ "Noah Rubin | Overview | ATP Tour | Tennis". ATP Tour. Archived from the original on 2020-11-15. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ "Interview with Sophie Turner". Winter-is-coming.net. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
- ^ "Biodata Aktor Thailand Win Metawin Opa-iamkajorn". dianiopiari.com (in Indonesian). Diani Opiari. 16 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ Garin, Joseph (1942). Histoire féodale des seigneurs de Briançon, Savoie (996–1530). Librairie M. Papet. pp. 72–78.
- ^ Thomas WATERHOUSE (of Grantham.) (1816). A genealogical account of the royal house of Stuart, Kings of Scotland, from the year 1043, to its union with the English Crown, ... also from that time to the commencement of the ... house of Brunswick; and down to the present period. p. 44. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ "Rani Chennamma of Kitturu". pib.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2017-04-18. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
- ^ "The last Carolina Parakeet". John James Audubon Center at Mill Grove. 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2023-06-26.
- ^ Sullivan, Mallorie (February 22, 2018). "The last Carolina parakeet ever, lost in memory and now just lost". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
- ^ Stevens, James (July 6, 2006). The Maw: Searching for the Hudson Bombers. Trafford. pp. 41–43. ISBN 978-1412063845.
- ^ Sadie, Julie Anne; Samuel, Rhian (1996). The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. London: Macmillan. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-33351-598-3.
- ^ Marable, Manning (2011). Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention. New York: Viking. pp. 436–437. ISBN 978-0-670-02220-5.
- ^ Fenner, Frank (1996). "Florey, Howard Walter (Baron Florey) (1898–1968)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 14. Melbourne University Press. pp. 188–190. Archived from the original on 27 July 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
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- ^ "OBITUARY : Robert Bolt". The Independent. 2011-10-22. Archived from the original on 2021-01-17. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ صادق طباطبایی درگذشت Archived 2015-03-07 at the Wayback Machine (in Persian)
- ^ Freland, François-Xavier (February 22, 2017). "La Guinée endeuillée par la disparition de Jeanne Martin Cissé, figure de l'indépendance et des droits des femmes". Jeune Afrique. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
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- ^ Pengelly, Martin (February 23, 2019). "Stanley Donen, director of Singin' in the Rain, dies aged 94". The Observer. Archived from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via www.theguardian.com.
- ^ Gates, Anita (February 21, 2019). "Peter Tork, Court Jester of the Monkees, Is Dead at 77". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
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Works cited
[edit]External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to February 21.
February 21
View on Grokipediafrom Grokipedia
February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 313 days remaining until the end of the year or 314 days in leap years.[1] The date holds significance for various historical events and observances, including the commencement of prolonged conflicts, ideological publications, and linguistic commemorations.[2]
It is designated by UNESCO as International Mother Language Day, proclaimed in 1999 to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity worldwide, originating from the 1952 Bengali Language Movement in then-East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), where protesters demanding recognition of Bengali as an official language were killed by authorities.[3] Key historical occurrences on this date encompass the publication of The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in London on February 21, 1848, which outlined class struggle and proletarian revolution as central to societal change.[2] The Battle of Verdun, the longest engagement of World War I, erupted on February 21, 1916, when German forces launched a massive offensive against French positions near Verdun, resulting in over 700,000 combined casualties in a protracted attrition war intended to bleed France's military resources.[4]
In the realm of civil rights, February 21, 1965, saw the assassination of Malcolm X in New York City; the influential advocate for black nationalism and racial pride was shot by members of the Nation of Islam during a speech, amid escalating tensions following his departure from the organization.[5] Other notable figures born on this date include Mexican general Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794), whose military campaigns shaped early Mexican independence and territorial losses, and Zimbabwean leader Robert Mugabe (1924), who governed from 1980 to 2017 amid economic decline and political repression.[6] Deaths include Canadian physician Frederick Banting (1941), co-discoverer of insulin pivotal to diabetes treatment, in a plane crash.[7]
Events
Pre-1600
On February 21, 1173, Pope Alexander III canonized Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury assassinated in 1170 amid his conflict with King Henry II over church rights, elevating Becket's status and spurring widespread pilgrimages to his shrine, which bolstered Canterbury's ecclesiastical influence.[8] King James I of Scotland was assassinated on February 21, 1437, in Perth by a conspiracy led by his cousin Robert Stewart, Graham, and others resentful of his centralizing reforms and executions of nobles; the king, aged 42, had been strengthening royal authority after years of captivity in England, but his death triggered a regency under Queen Joan Beaufort and Archibald Douglas, exacerbating factional strife during the minority of his six-year-old successor, James II.[9] The trial of Joan of Arc commenced on February 21, 1431, in Rouen under English occupation, where the 19-year-old French military leader faced charges of heresy, witchcraft, and cross-dressing from a panel of pro-English clerics; preliminary interrogations focused on her visions and role in lifting the Siege of Orléans, setting the stage for her condemnation despite inconsistent testimony.[10] In the Battle of Wayna Daga on February 21, 1543, Ethiopian Emperor Galawdewos, aided by Portuguese musketeers, defeated and killed Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad Gragn), the Adal Sultanate's imam who had conquered much of the Ethiopian highlands since 1529 through jihad; Gragn's death, struck by a musket ball near Lake Tana, halted Muslim expansion, preserved the Solomonic dynasty, and allowed Ethiopia to reclaim territories amid ongoing Ottoman-Adal alliances.[11]1601–1900
- 1677: Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632), died at age 44 from a lung illness likely exacerbated by his work grinding optical lenses; his rationalist Ethics, advocating pantheism and determinism, was published posthumously, profoundly influencing Enlightenment thinkers like Leibniz and creating a void in biblical criticism and metaphysical inquiry amid religious persecution of his works.[7][12]
- 1741: Jethro Tull, English agriculturist (b. 1674), died at age 66 or 67; inventor of the seed drill in 1701, his innovations in crop rotation and mechanized sowing boosted agricultural productivity, marking a transition toward modern farming practices in Britain despite initial resistance from traditionalists.[13][14]
- 1730: Benedict XIII, Italian pope (b. 1649), died at age 81 after a brief papacy marked by Jesuit support and canonization efforts; his death led to the election of Clement XII, shifting Vatican policies amid ongoing nepotism critiques and financial strains from the Papal States.[7]
- 1824: Eugène de Beauharnais, French prince and military commander (b. 1781), stepson of Napoleon I, died at age 42 from throat cancer in Munich; his loyal service in Napoleonic campaigns and subsequent Bavarian viceroyalty underscored the dispersal of Bonapartist influence post-Waterloo, leaving a leadership gap in European liberal circles.[7]
- 1846: Ninkō, emperor of Japan (b. 1800), died at age 45, ending his reign during a period of isolationist policy under the Tokugawa shogunate; his death preceded intensified Western pressures, contributing to intellectual and political voids that accelerated Japan's path to the Meiji Restoration.[7]
- 1894: Gustave Caillebotte, French Impressionist painter (b. 1848), died at age 45 from a stroke; as a key patron funding exhibitions for Monet and Renoir, his passing diminished financial and organizational support for the movement, though his realistic urban depictions preserved its legacy.[7]
1901–present
In 1901, British photographer Henry Peach Robinson died at age 70 in Tunbridge Wells, England; he pioneered composite photography and pictorialist techniques that influenced early 20th-century image manipulation.[15] Canadian physician Frederick Banting, co-discoverer of insulin and 1923 Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine, died on February 21, 1941, at age 49 near Musgrave Harbour, Newfoundland, in a plane crash while en route to Britain on military research duties during World War II.[16][17] Scottish Olympic gold medalist Eric Liddell, known for refusing to compete on the Sabbath at the 1924 Paris Games and later as a missionary, died on February 21, 1945, at age 43 in a Japanese internment camp in Weihsien, China, from a brain tumor exacerbated by wartime malnutrition.[18] Civil rights leader Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little) was assassinated on February 21, 1965, at age 39 in New York City's Audubon Ballroom by gunfire from individuals associated with the Nation of Islam; three members were convicted, though two were exonerated in 2021 after evidence review showed FBI involvement in suppressing exculpatory information.[5][19] English ballerina Dame Margot Fonteyn died on February 21, 1991, at age 71 in Panama City from ovarian cancer; she was prima ballerina assoluta of the Royal Ballet for over four decades, renowned for partnerships with Rudolf Nureyev.[20][21]Births
Pre-1600
On February 21, 1173, Pope Alexander III canonized Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury assassinated in 1170 amid his conflict with King Henry II over church rights, elevating Becket's status and spurring widespread pilgrimages to his shrine, which bolstered Canterbury's ecclesiastical influence.[8] King James I of Scotland was assassinated on February 21, 1437, in Perth by a conspiracy led by his cousin Robert Stewart, Graham, and others resentful of his centralizing reforms and executions of nobles; the king, aged 42, had been strengthening royal authority after years of captivity in England, but his death triggered a regency under Queen Joan Beaufort and Archibald Douglas, exacerbating factional strife during the minority of his six-year-old successor, James II.[9] The trial of Joan of Arc commenced on February 21, 1431, in Rouen under English occupation, where the 19-year-old French military leader faced charges of heresy, witchcraft, and cross-dressing from a panel of pro-English clerics; preliminary interrogations focused on her visions and role in lifting the Siege of Orléans, setting the stage for her condemnation despite inconsistent testimony.[10] In the Battle of Wayna Daga on February 21, 1543, Ethiopian Emperor Galawdewos, aided by Portuguese musketeers, defeated and killed Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad Gragn), the Adal Sultanate's imam who had conquered much of the Ethiopian highlands since 1529 through jihad; Gragn's death, struck by a musket ball near Lake Tana, halted Muslim expansion, preserved the Solomonic dynasty, and allowed Ethiopia to reclaim territories amid ongoing Ottoman-Adal alliances.[11]1601–1900
- 1677: Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632), died at age 44 from a lung illness likely exacerbated by his work grinding optical lenses; his rationalist Ethics, advocating pantheism and determinism, was published posthumously, profoundly influencing Enlightenment thinkers like Leibniz and creating a void in biblical criticism and metaphysical inquiry amid religious persecution of his works.[7][12]
- 1741: Jethro Tull, English agriculturist (b. 1674), died at age 66 or 67; inventor of the seed drill in 1701, his innovations in crop rotation and mechanized sowing boosted agricultural productivity, marking a transition toward modern farming practices in Britain despite initial resistance from traditionalists.[13][14]
- 1730: Benedict XIII, Italian pope (b. 1649), died at age 81 after a brief papacy marked by Jesuit support and canonization efforts; his death led to the election of Clement XII, shifting Vatican policies amid ongoing nepotism critiques and financial strains from the Papal States.[7]
- 1824: Eugène de Beauharnais, French prince and military commander (b. 1781), stepson of Napoleon I, died at age 42 from throat cancer in Munich; his loyal service in Napoleonic campaigns and subsequent Bavarian viceroyalty underscored the dispersal of Bonapartist influence post-Waterloo, leaving a leadership gap in European liberal circles.[7]
- 1846: Ninkō, emperor of Japan (b. 1800), died at age 45, ending his reign during a period of isolationist policy under the Tokugawa shogunate; his death preceded intensified Western pressures, contributing to intellectual and political voids that accelerated Japan's path to the Meiji Restoration.[7]
- 1894: Gustave Caillebotte, French Impressionist painter (b. 1848), died at age 45 from a stroke; as a key patron funding exhibitions for Monet and Renoir, his passing diminished financial and organizational support for the movement, though his realistic urban depictions preserved its legacy.[7]
1901–present
In 1901, British photographer Henry Peach Robinson died at age 70 in Tunbridge Wells, England; he pioneered composite photography and pictorialist techniques that influenced early 20th-century image manipulation.[15] Canadian physician Frederick Banting, co-discoverer of insulin and 1923 Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine, died on February 21, 1941, at age 49 near Musgrave Harbour, Newfoundland, in a plane crash while en route to Britain on military research duties during World War II.[16][17] Scottish Olympic gold medalist Eric Liddell, known for refusing to compete on the Sabbath at the 1924 Paris Games and later as a missionary, died on February 21, 1945, at age 43 in a Japanese internment camp in Weihsien, China, from a brain tumor exacerbated by wartime malnutrition.[18] Civil rights leader Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little) was assassinated on February 21, 1965, at age 39 in New York City's Audubon Ballroom by gunfire from individuals associated with the Nation of Islam; three members were convicted, though two were exonerated in 2021 after evidence review showed FBI involvement in suppressing exculpatory information.[5][19] English ballerina Dame Margot Fonteyn died on February 21, 1991, at age 71 in Panama City from ovarian cancer; she was prima ballerina assoluta of the Royal Ballet for over four decades, renowned for partnerships with Rudolf Nureyev.[20][21]Deaths
Pre-1600
On February 21, 1173, Pope Alexander III canonized Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury assassinated in 1170 amid his conflict with King Henry II over church rights, elevating Becket's status and spurring widespread pilgrimages to his shrine, which bolstered Canterbury's ecclesiastical influence.[8] King James I of Scotland was assassinated on February 21, 1437, in Perth by a conspiracy led by his cousin Robert Stewart, Graham, and others resentful of his centralizing reforms and executions of nobles; the king, aged 42, had been strengthening royal authority after years of captivity in England, but his death triggered a regency under Queen Joan Beaufort and Archibald Douglas, exacerbating factional strife during the minority of his six-year-old successor, James II.[9] The trial of Joan of Arc commenced on February 21, 1431, in Rouen under English occupation, where the 19-year-old French military leader faced charges of heresy, witchcraft, and cross-dressing from a panel of pro-English clerics; preliminary interrogations focused on her visions and role in lifting the Siege of Orléans, setting the stage for her condemnation despite inconsistent testimony.[10] In the Battle of Wayna Daga on February 21, 1543, Ethiopian Emperor Galawdewos, aided by Portuguese musketeers, defeated and killed Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad Gragn), the Adal Sultanate's imam who had conquered much of the Ethiopian highlands since 1529 through jihad; Gragn's death, struck by a musket ball near Lake Tana, halted Muslim expansion, preserved the Solomonic dynasty, and allowed Ethiopia to reclaim territories amid ongoing Ottoman-Adal alliances.[11]1601–1900
- 1677: Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632), died at age 44 from a lung illness likely exacerbated by his work grinding optical lenses; his rationalist Ethics, advocating pantheism and determinism, was published posthumously, profoundly influencing Enlightenment thinkers like Leibniz and creating a void in biblical criticism and metaphysical inquiry amid religious persecution of his works.[7][12]
- 1741: Jethro Tull, English agriculturist (b. 1674), died at age 66 or 67; inventor of the seed drill in 1701, his innovations in crop rotation and mechanized sowing boosted agricultural productivity, marking a transition toward modern farming practices in Britain despite initial resistance from traditionalists.[13][14]
- 1730: Benedict XIII, Italian pope (b. 1649), died at age 81 after a brief papacy marked by Jesuit support and canonization efforts; his death led to the election of Clement XII, shifting Vatican policies amid ongoing nepotism critiques and financial strains from the Papal States.[7]
- 1824: Eugène de Beauharnais, French prince and military commander (b. 1781), stepson of Napoleon I, died at age 42 from throat cancer in Munich; his loyal service in Napoleonic campaigns and subsequent Bavarian viceroyalty underscored the dispersal of Bonapartist influence post-Waterloo, leaving a leadership gap in European liberal circles.[7]
- 1846: Ninkō, emperor of Japan (b. 1800), died at age 45, ending his reign during a period of isolationist policy under the Tokugawa shogunate; his death preceded intensified Western pressures, contributing to intellectual and political voids that accelerated Japan's path to the Meiji Restoration.[7]
- 1894: Gustave Caillebotte, French Impressionist painter (b. 1848), died at age 45 from a stroke; as a key patron funding exhibitions for Monet and Renoir, his passing diminished financial and organizational support for the movement, though his realistic urban depictions preserved its legacy.[7]