Hubbry Logo
TvOSTvOSMain
Open search
TvOS
Community hub
TvOS
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
TvOS
TvOS
TvOS
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

tvOS
DeveloperApple
Written in
OS family
Working stateCurrent
Source modelClosed, with open-source components
Initial releaseJanuary 9, 2007; 18 years ago (2007-01-09) as Apple TV Software
October 29, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-10-29) as tvOS
Latest release26.0.1[1] (September 29, 2025; 25 days ago (2025-09-29)) [±]
Latest preview26.1 Beta 4[2] (October 20, 2025; 4 days ago (2025-10-20)) [±]
Marketing targetTelevision, casual gaming
Available in71 languages
List of languages
Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Melayu, Català, Čeština, Dansk, Deutsch (Deutschland), Deutsch (Österreich), Deutsch (Schweiz), English (Australia), English (Canada), English (India), English (Ireland), English (New Zealand), English (Singapore), English (South Africa), English (United Kingdom), English (United States), Español (Argentina), Español (Bolivia), Español (Chile), Español (Colombia), Español (Costa Rica), Español (Ecuador), Español (El Salvador), Español (España), Español (Estados Unidos), Español (Guatemala), Español (Honduras), Español (Latinoamérica), Español (México), Español (Nicaragua), Español (Panamá), Español (Paraguay), Español (Perú), Español (Puerto Rico), Español (República Dominicana), Español (Uruguay), Español (Venezuela), Français (Belgique), Français (Canada), Français (France), Français (Suisse), Hrvatski, Italiano (Italia), Italiano (Svizzera), Magyar, Nederlands (België), Nederlands (Nederland), Norsk bokmål, Polski, Português (Brasil), Português (Portugal), Română, Slovenčina, Suomi, Svenska, Tiếng Việt, Türkçe, Ελληνικά, Русский, Українська, עברית, العربية, हिंदी, ภาษาไทย, 한국어, 日本語, 简体中文, 繁體中文 (台灣), 繁體中文 (澳門), 繁體中文 (香港)
Update methodFirmware-over-the-air
Supported platforms
Kernel typeHybrid (XNU)
Default
user interface		10-foot user interface
LicenseCommercial proprietary software
Official websitedeveloper.apple.com/tvos/
Support status
Supported

tvOS (formerly Apple TV Software) is an operating system developed by Apple for the Apple TV, a digital media player. In the first-generation Apple TV, Apple TV Software was based on Mac OS X.[3] The software for the second-generation and later Apple TVs is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar frameworks, technologies, and concepts.

The second- and third-generation Apple TV have several built-in applications, but do not support third-party applications.

On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the fourth-generation Apple TV, with support for third-party applications. Apple also changed the name of the Apple TV operating system to tvOS, adopting the camel case nomenclature that they were using for their other operating systems, iOS and watchOS.[4]

The latest version, tvOS 26, was released on September 15, 2025.

History

[edit]

On October 30, 2015, the fourth-generation Apple TV became available; it shipped with tvOS 9.0. On November 9, 2015, tvOS 9.0.1 was released, primarily an update to address minor issues.

tvOS 9.1 was released on December 8, 2015, along with OS X 10.11.2, iOS 9.2, and watchOS 2.1.[5] Apple also updated the Remote apps on iOS and watchOS, enabling basic remote functionality for the fourth-generation Apple TV (previously, the app only worked with past versions of Apple TV).[6]

On November 25, 2015, Facebook debuted their SDK for tvOS, allowing applications to log into Facebook, share to Facebook, and use Facebook Analytics in the same way that iOS applications can.[7]

On December 2, 2015, Twitter debuted their login authentication service for tvOS – "Digits" – allowing users to log into apps and services with a simple, unique code available online.[8]

On June 13, 2016, at WWDC 2016, Apple SVP of Internet Services Eddy Cue announced tvOS 10. It brought new functionality, such as Siri search improvements, single sign-on for cable subscriptions, a dark mode, and a new Remote application for controlling the Apple TV; it was released on September 13, 2016, along with iOS 10.

On June 4, 2018, at WWDC 2018, tvOS 12 was announced. It brought support for Dolby Atmos E-AC3 and was released on September 17, 2018, along with iOS 12.

On April 13, 2020, it was discovered that Apple's Siri Smart Speaker HomePod began to run variants of the tvOS software.[9]

On June 22, 2020, at WWDC 2020, tvOS 14 was announced. It brought support for the Home app and 4K YouTube videos and was released on September 16, 2020, along with iOS 14 and iPadOS 14.

On June 7, 2021, at WWDC 2021, tvOS 15 was announced. It brought new features and improvements, including SharePlay, a new "Shared with You" section on the TV app, and the ability to play content via voice command.[10] It was released on September 20, 2021, along with iOS 15 and iPadOS 15.

On June 6, 2022, at WWDC 2022, tvOS 16 was announced. It brought support for Nintendo Switch's Joy-Con and Pro Controllers and additional Bluetooth and USB game controllers. It was released on September 12, 2022, along with iOS 16.

On June 5, 2023, at WWDC 2023, tvOS 17 was announced. tvOS 17 brings new features, such as support for FaceTime and video conferencing apps when paired with a iPhone or iPad, a redesigned control center interface, and third-party VPN support. It was released on September 18, 2023, along with iOS 17 and iPadOS 17.

On June 10, 2024, at WWDC 2024, tvOS 18 was announced. It was released on September 16, 2024, along with iOS 18 and iPadOS 18.

On June 9, 2025, at WWDC 2025, tvOS 26 was announced. It is the first tvOS to feature the new Liquid Glass design, along with new numberings. It was released on September 15, 2025, along with iOS 26 and iPadOS 26.

Features

[edit]

tvOS 9 shipped with several new features on the fourth-generation Apple TV. One major new feature was the ability to move through the interface with the new touchpad remote using multi-touch gestures. It also introduced a new App Store in which users can download and install new applications (such as apps and games) made available by developers for the Apple TV and tvOS. tvOS 9 adds support for Siri, which offers a multitude of features such as a cross-application search for a movie/TV show, rewind, fast forward, name and actor/director of the current movie, and skip back 15 seconds. tvOS added support for an application switcher on the Apple TV, more application customization options, cinematic screensavers, and control the TV using the included Siri Remote with the built-in support for HDMI-CEC in tvOS. In addition, tvOS allows the user to control the Apple TV in many different ways, such as using the included Siri Remote, pairing a third-party universal remote, pairing an MFi Gamepad to control games, using the Remote app on iOS, and pairing a Bluetooth keyboard to aid in the typing experience of the user.[11]

Accessibility

[edit]

tvOS, derived from iOS, incorporates many of the accessibility features found in iOS and macOS. These include VoiceOver, Zoom, and Siri, which support users who are blind or have low vision.[12][13] VoiceOver, a screen reader available in over 30 languages, provides spoken descriptions of on-screen content and supports navigation through gestures such as flicks, taps, and the rotor.

The system includes options to increase screen contrast by reducing background transparency in various interface elements. A high-contrast cursor can be enabled to highlight focused content, and a Reduce Motion setting simplifies certain animations to minimize visual strain.[13]

tvOS supports audio descriptions for films, indicated by the AD (Audio Description) icon in the iTunes Store and in iTunes on macOS and Windows.

Bluetooth keyboard support is also available.[14] When used with VoiceOver, characters are read aloud as they are typed and confirmed. While designed for Apple’s keyboards, the system is compatible with most third-party Bluetooth keyboards.

Closed captioning and SDH (Subtitles for the Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing) are supported for video content, with customizable caption styles and fonts. Compatible media is marked with CC or SDH icons in the iTunes Store.

The Siri Remote allows for customization of the touch surface, including tracking speed adjustments and the option to disable the touch functionality entirely in second-generation or later models, using directional buttons instead.[15]

Apple’s Remote app for iOS devices can also control Apple TV. It includes support for Switch Control, which enables users with motor impairments to navigate the interface using compatible switch devices.

Development

[edit]

tvOS 9 shipped with all-new development tools for developers, adding support for a new SDK for developers to build apps for the TV including all of the APIs included in iOS 9 such as Metal. It also adds the tvOS App Store which allows users to browse, download, and install a wide variety of applications.[16] In addition, developers can now use their own interface inside of their application rather than only being able to use Apple's interface. Since tvOS is based on iOS, it is easy to port existing iOS apps to the Apple TV with Xcode while making only a few refinements to the app to better suit the larger screen. Apple provides Xcode free to all registered Apple developers.[17] To develop for the new Apple TV, it is necessary to make a parallax image for the application icon. In order to do this, Apple provides a Parallax exporter and previewer in the development tools for the Apple TV.

Version history

[edit]
Legend:
Unsupported
Supported
Latest version
Preview version

Information about software updates for Apple TV (2nd generation) onwards is published on Apple's support website.[18][19][20]

Supported OS releases

[edit]
Supported tvOS versions on Apple TV
Model Apple TV Software tvOS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 26
Apple TV (1st) Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Apple TV (2nd) — — — Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No
Apple TV (3rd) — — — — Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
Apple TV HD — — — — — — — Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Apple TV 4K (1st) — — — — — — — — — Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Apple TV 4K (2nd) — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.5 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Apple TV 4K (3rd) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.1 Yes Yes Yes

Apple TV Software 1.0

[edit]

Apple TV software 1.0 presented the user with an interface similar to that of Front Row. Like Front Row on the Mac, it presents the user with seven options for consuming content. Movies, TV Shows, Music, Podcasts, Photos, Settings, and Sources. It was a modified version of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger.[21]

Apple TV Software 2.0

[edit]

In February 2008, Apple released a major and free upgrade to the Apple TV, labelled "Take Two" (2.0). This update did away with Front Row and introduced a new interface in which content was organized into six categories, all of which appeared in a large square box on the screen upon startup (movies, TV shows, music, YouTube, podcasts, and photos) and presented in the initial menu, along with a "Settings" option for configuration, including software updates. It also made updates over the air, meaning the computer was no longer required.[22][23]

Apple TV Software 3.0

[edit]

In October 2009, Apple released another update for the Apple TV called "Apple TV Software 3.0".[24] This update replaced the interface in version 2.0 with a new interface which presented seven horizontal columns across the top of the screen for the different categories of content (Movies, TV Shows, Music, Podcasts, Photos, Internet, and Settings).[25] This update also added features such as content filtering, iTunes Extras,[26] new fonts, and a new Internet radio app. One new feature in particular was the 'Genius' playlist option allowing for easier and more user friendly playlist creating.[27]

Apple TV Software 4

[edit]

Apple TV Software 4, based on iOS 4 and 5, was the first version of Apple TV Software available on the Apple TV (2nd generation). It ended support for the Apple TV (1st generation).[18] Apple TV Software 4.4 brought My Photo Stream, AirPlay mirroring (from iPhone 4S and iPad 2), NHL, Wall Street Journal, slideshow themes and Netflix subtitles.[18][28] Contrary to rumors and code found in iOS 5, the release did not bring support for Bluetooth or apps to the Apple TV (2nd generation).[29]

Apple TV Software 4 version history
Apple TV Software Build Release date Features
4.0 8M89 (1493) September 1, 2010
  • Initial release on Apple TV (2nd generation)
4.1 8C150 (1539) November 22, 2010
4.1.1 8C154 (1553) December 14, 2010

Bug fixes

  • Addresses an issue that causes some high-definition TVs to incorrectly display at 480p.
  • Addresses an issue that may cause a movie or TV show to be re-downloaded.[18]
4.2 8F191m (2060) March 9, 2011
  • AirPlay video support for third party apps on iDevices.
  • New slideshow themes: View photos with the new Scrapbook, Photo Mobile, and Holiday Mobile slideshow themes.
  • Improved on-screen keyboard: Search and enter names and passwords more easily with the redesigned on-screen keyboard.
  • Enjoy Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound when watching Netflix.
4.2.1 8F202 (2100) March 22, 2011

Bug fixes

  • Addresses issues that may cause the screen to flicker or display incorrect colour on some older TVs.
  • Addresses an issue where Apple TV may not wake up from sleep.
  • Addresses an issue where audio may not be heard on some TV models after switching from another input.
  • Apple TV Software 4.2.1 includes stability and performance fixes for Apple TV.[18]
4.2.2 8F305 (2203) May 11, 2011

Bug fixes

  • Addresses an issue in which audio is not output when playing some video content.
  • Addresses an issue in which video is not displayed when playing some content.
  • Adds an audio output setting for switching to 16-bit audio for compatibility with some TVs and AV receivers.
  • Improves the performance of fast-forwarding and rewinding live events.
  • Addresses an issue in which the description information is not displayed for some movies.
  • Addresses an issue in which YouTube subscription videos are not ordered by date.
4.3 8F455 (2557) August 1, 2011
  • Ability to watch videos from Vimeo.
  • US-only feature: streams purchased TV shows from iTunes on Apple TV (and past purchases); formerly, only rentals were available.
4.4 9A334v (3140)[citation needed] October 12, 2011
  • Coincides with iOS 5 for portable iOS devices.
  • Photo Stream.
  • AirPlay mirroring for iPad 2 and iPhone 4S.[30]
  • Wall Street Journal.
  • New Slideshow themes.
  • Netflix subtitles.

Upgrading from this version resets the device to factory settings as part of the upgrade process.[31]

4.4.1 9A335a (3150) October 17, 2011 Bug fixes
  • Upgrading from this version resets the device to factory settings as part of the upgrade process.[31]
4.4.2[32] 9A336a (3160)[citation needed] October 24, 2011
  • Audio playback: addresses an issue in which audio is not output when playing some video content.
  • Video playback: addresses an issue in which video is not displayed when playing some content.
  • Audio output setting: adds an audio output setting for switching to 16-bit audio for compatibility with some TVs and AV receivers.
  • Live FF/RW improvements: improves the performance of fast-forwarding and rewinding live events.
  • Movie description: addresses an issue in which the description information is not displayed for some movies.
  • YouTube video order: addresses an issue in which YouTube subscription videos were not ordered by date.
4.4.3 9A405l (3323) November 17, 2011
  • Added support for Netflix in Mexico.
  • Addresses an issue in which audio may not play through the optical port when the TV is turned off.
4.4.4 9A406a (3330) December 15, 2011
  • General performance and stability improvements, including a fix for an issue that displayed an error when playing some video content.

Apple TV Software 5

[edit]

On September 24, 2012, Apple TV (2nd generation) onwards received the Apple TV Software 5 software update, based on iOS 5 and 6, with Shared Photo Streams, iTunes account switching, better AirPlay functionality, and Trailers searching, among other smaller improvements.

Apple TV Software 5 version history
Apple TV Software Build Release date Features
5.0 9B179b (4099) March 7, 2012
  • Initial release on Apple TV (3rd generation).
  • Support for 1080p video resolution.A3
  • Completely redesigned menus.
    • Content categories now resemble iOS app icons.
    • Third-party apps (Netflix, YouTube, NBA, Flickr, etc.) have their own icon.
  • Ability to create a Netflix account.
5.0.1 9B206f (4224) May 10, 2012
  • Previews for movies and TV shows from the iTunes Store can now be viewed in HD.
  • Fixes an issue that caused some iOS apps to have trouble connecting via AirPlay.
  • Improves the reliability of Home Sharing connections.
  • Addresses an issue affecting Netflix login and navigation.
  • Includes fixes for issues affecting stability and performance.
5.0.2 9B830 (4250) June 5, 2012
  • Addresses an issue which caused content restrictions to be incorrectly applied for the iTunes Store in Australia.
5.1 10A406E (5201) September 24, 2012
  • Shared Photo Streams: Accept invitations for Shared Photo Streams, browse photos and comments, and receive notifications of new content.
  • AirPlay: Send audio content from Apple TV to AirPlay-enabled speakers/devices (including AirPort Express and other Apple TVs). Also includes the ability to require an onscreen code to use AirPlay with Apple TV.
  • iTunes account switching: Save multiple iTunes accounts and switch quickly between them.
  • Trailers: Search for movie trailers. In the United States, see show times for local theaters.
  • Screen savers: New Cascade, Shrinking Tiles, and Sliding Panels screen savers.
  • Main menu: Reorder icons on the second page by holding down the select button on the remote.
  • Subtitles: SDH support for the hearing-impaired; improvements to viewing and selecting subtitles.
  • Network configuration: Support for setting up advanced network options using configuration profiles.
  • Stability and performance: Includes general performance and stability improvements.
5.1.1 10A831 (5433) November 29, 2012
  • Adds support for Up Next with iTunes 11 or iTunes Match.
  • Includes performance and stability improvements with the iTunes Store, AirPlay, Netflix, iTunes Match, and wired Ethernet connections.
5.2 10B144b (6010.96)[33] January 28, 2013
  • Initial release on Apple TV (3rd generation Revision A).
  • Bluetooth keyboards: Adds support for some Bluetooth keyboards (including Apple Wireless Keyboard).[34]
  • iTunes in the Cloud: Browse and play purchased iTunes music directly from iCloud.
  • Airplay: Send stereo audio from video content on Apple TV to AirPlay-enabled speakers/devices (including AirPort Express and other Apple TVs).
  • Stability and performance: Includes general performance and stability improvements.
5.2.1 10B329a (6025) March 19, 2013
  • Hulu Plus app: Completely redesigned, adds support for closed-captioning.[35]
  • iTunes in the Cloud: Adds support for Music in the Cloud in Japan and Israel.[18]
  • Stability and performance: Including improvements for software update, subtitles, and general performance.[18]
  • Security Fixes.[36]
5.3 10B809 (6105) June 19, 2013
  • Third-party content: Adds support for Crunchyroll, ESPN, HBO GO, Qello, and Sky News (some sources depend on country).
  • iTunes Store: Improves reliability of signing into the iTunes Store and playing purchased content.

Further channels added on August 27, 2013, without a software update: Vevo, Weather Channel, Disney Channel, Disney XD, and Smithsonian Channel[37][38][39] (some sources depend on country)[40]

Apple TV Software 6

[edit]

On September 20, 2013, Apple TV (second generation) onwards received the Apple TV Software 6 software update, based on iOS 7, with iTunes Radio and AirPlay from iCloud.

Apple TV Software 6 version history
Apple TV Software Build Release date Features
6.0 11A470e/11A502 September 23, 2013
  • iTunes Radio
    • Create user radio stations and listen to them ad-free with iTunes Match (United States and Australia only).
  • iTunes Store
    • Browse, purchase, and play music directly from the iTunes Store.
  • iCloud Photos
    • Adds support to play video from a shared Photo Stream and view Photo Streams from multiple contributors.
  • AirPlay from iCloud
    • Apple TV will play content from iTunes In The Cloud instead of user AirPlay device when possible (needs iOS 7 on AirPlay device).
  • Podcasts
    • Sync user podcasts and podcast stations across Apple TV and all user iOS devices.
  • iMovie Theater
    • Stream user iMovie creations instantly in high definition from iCloud (needs latest version of iMovie for iOS or Mac and an iCloud account).
  • Subtitles & Captioning
    • Automatic subtitle selection based on Apple TV language setting, with customizable closed caption style.
  • Conference Room Display
    • Lock Apple TV into Conference Room Display (for business and education environments) and show onscreen instructions for using AirPlay.
  • Software update
    • Keep Apple TV always updated by automatically installing software updates when available.
  • Setup
    • Use an iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch with iOS 7 to automatically transfer network settings, user Apple ID, and language preferences to Apple TV (3rd generation) (not available on iPhone 4 or iPad 2).

Third-party US-only content added on September 26, 2013, without a software update: Major League Soccer (MLS) and Disney Junior.[41][42]

iMovie Theater app was added on October 22, 2013, without a software update.[43]

6.0.1 11B511d October 25, 2013
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.[18]
6.0.2 11B554a/11B651 November 14, 2013
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.[18]
  • Security (11B651 build only)
    • Provides a fix for SSL connection verification.
6.1 11D169b March 10, 2014
  • Main menu
    • Includes ability to make hiding channels easier[18]
  • AirPlay
    • Security option for iOS devices or Macs to require verifying via a one-time, onscreen code before using AirPlay (needs iOS 7.1 or later on an iOS device, or OS X 10.9.2 or later on a Mac).[18]
    • Adds support to allow an AirPlay device to discover Apple TV over Bluetooth in environments where multicast or Bonjour traffic is blocked on the network or the AirPlay device is on a different subnet.[18]
  • Remote app
    • View purchased TV Shows and Movies in the Remote app and tap to play them instantly on Apple TV.[18]
    • Create and play iTunes Radio stations (needs Remote app version 4.2 or later).[18]
  • Stability and performance
    • Bug fixes, general performance and stability improvements.[18]
6.1.1 11D201c April 22, 2014
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.[18]
6.2 11D257c June 30, 2014
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.[18]
  • iTunes Extras
    • Added ability to explore deleted scenes, photos, cast and crew, and more with select iTunes movie purchases. (Only available for HD purchases)[18]
6.2.1 11D258 September 17, 2014

Final release on Apple TV (2nd generation)

As of May 2015, the YouTube app only works on newer Apple TVs that have software 7.2 or later due to an API change implemented by Google.

  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.[18]

Apple TV Software 7

[edit]

On September 18, 2014, the third generation Apple TV received the Apple TV Software 7.0 software update based on iOS 8, with a redesigned UI, Family Sharing and peer-to-peer AirPlay. This release dropped support for the second generation Apple TV.

Apple TV Software 7 version history
Apple TV Software Build Release date Features
7.0 12A365b September 17, 2014
  • UI
    • Redesigned UI that adopts a similar look to the "flat" look that is presented in iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite.
    • UI redesign includes redesigned icons and borders, menus, and many of the controls inside many of the apps that are included with the Apple TV.
  • Family Sharing
    • Adds support for a service of sharing purchases from iTunes between up to 6 people.
    • Supports iTunes music, video, podcasts, and TV show purchases.
    • All group members must pay for family purchases with the same credit/debit card.
    • Ask To Buy – parents can approve a child's spending from the parent's device.
  • Descriptive Video Services
    • Hear descriptive video with a new accessibility feature support select iTunes movies and TV shows.
  • Peer-to-peer AirPlay
    • Guests can AirPlay from their Mac or iOS device directly to an Apple TV without connecting to a wireless network (needs ATV 3 Rev-A (A1469), iPhone 4S and later; iPad 2 and later; and iPod Touch (5th generation) running iOS 8 or a Mac running OS X Yosemite (10.10) or later).A3R
  • Beats Music
    • Beats Music has now been shut down in favor of Apple Music, which requires an Apple TV 4 running tvOS 9.0 or later.
7.0.1 12B410a October 20, 2014
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes.
7.0.2 12B435 November 17, 2014
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes.
7.0.3 12B466 January 27, 2015
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes.
7.1 12D508 March 9, 2015
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes.
7.2 12F69 April 8, 2015

As of May 2015, the YouTube app only works on Apple TVs that have software 7.2 or later due to an API change implemented by Google.

  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes
7.2.1 12H523 February 25, 2016
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes
7.2.2 12H606 December 12, 2016
  • Stability and performance
    • Includes general performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes

Amazon Video was automatically added to Apple TVs running 7.2.2 on December 6, 2017.[44]

7.3 12H847[45] May 13, 2019 Apple TV Software 7.3 brings the updated TV app to provide support for Apple TV+ services.
7.3.1 12H864[46] July 22, 2019 Bug fixes and stability improvements
7.4 12H876[47] September 24, 2019 Bug fixes and stability improvements
7.5 12H885[citation needed] March 24, 2020 Adds the ability to control the Apple TV from the control center of an iOS device, bug fixes and stability improvements.
7.6 12H903[citation needed] September 16, 2020 Bug fixes and stability improvements
7.6.2 12H914[citation needed] December 14, 2020 Bug fixes and stability improvements
7.7 12H923[citation needed] April 26, 2021 Bug fixes and stability improvements
7.8 12H937[citation needed] September 20, 2021 Bug fixes and stability improvements
7.9 12H1006[citation needed] March 14, 2022 Bug fixes and/or stability improvements

tvOS 9

[edit]

tvOS 9 is based on iOS 9, with adaptations made for a television interface. It was announced on September 9, 2015, alongside the first-generation iPad Pro and the iPhone 6S. Tim Cook introduced tvOS, calling it a modern OS with support for apps. It was only available on the Apple TV (4th generation), released in October 2015. It adds a native SDK to develop apps, an App Store to distribute them, Siri, and universal search across multiple apps.

tvOS 9 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
9.0 13T396 October 29, 2015

Initial release on Apple TV (4th generation).

  • User interface
    • Introduces a new user interface that uses lighter colors and transparency, adds support for control via an all new remote. This remote can be used to navigate the user interface by using multi-touch gestures on the trackpad on the remote rather than physical buttons.
  • App Store/SDK
    • Adds support for an all new SDK for developers to build apps for the TV including all of the APIs included in iOS 9 such as Metal.
    • Adds an App Store which allows users to browse, download, and install a wide variety of applications from things such as games, video applications, etc.
    • Developers can now use their own interface inside of their application rather than only being able to use Apple's interface.
  • Siri
    • Adds support for Siri which can be toggled by pressing the microphone button on the remote.
    • Siri, beyond all of its iOS abilities, can take many voice commands tailored for the TV, such as a cross-application search for a movie/TV show, rewind, fast forward, name and actor/director of the current movie, and even skip back 15 seconds.
  • Experience
    • It is now possible to switch between two applications by double-clicking the trackpad on the remote and scrolling to the desired application.
    • Users can now customize the home screen by placing any applications they wish on the top row, including third-party types.
    • New cinematic screen savers display time-lapse images of scenic cities when the Apple TV is asleep.
    • It is now possible to control the volume of the TV and turn it on/off using just the new Siri Remote and the built in support for HDMI CEC in tvOS.
  • Third-party controllers
    • Adds support for pairing third-party Bluetooth game controllers in order to play games.
  • Apple Music
    • Adds Apple Music support for Apple TV.
9.0.1 13T402 November 9, 2015
  • General performance and stability improvements.
9.1 13U85 December 8, 2015
  • Adds support for controlling Apple Music with Siri.
  • Adds support for controlling the Apple TV with the Remote app for iOS and Apple Watch.
  • Improvements to networking and scrolling.
9.1.1 13U717 January 25, 2016
  • General performance and stability improvements
  • Adds the Podcasts app to the Apple TV
9.2 13Y234 March 21, 2016
  • Adds support for folders on the Apple TV.
    • A folder can be made by selecting an app, clicking and holding on the touchpad, clicking the Play/Pause button, and then choosing "New Folder" from the popup menu.
  • Adds the ability to pair Bluetooth keyboards
  • Adds a redesigned application switcher similar to the one found in iOS 9 rather than the one found in iOS 8 as tvOS 9.1 contained.
  • Adds support for iCloud Photo Library and Live Photos
  • Enables developers to add maps to their applications with the use of the MapKit API.
  • Siri/Voice dictation
    • Adds support for Voice Dictation to enable users to enter text in text fields using their voice. Voice Dictation can be invoked by selecting the text field and pressing the Siri button on the Siri Remote.
    • Adds Support for searching the App Store on the Apple TV using Siri.
    • Adds support for new Siri languages which include Spanish(United States), French(Canada), and English(United Kingdom and Australia).
  • Remote operability improvements
    • In order to rewind/fast forward the video in tvOS 9.2, it is now necessary to click the touchpad before swiping left or right.[48]
    • Updates the remote firmware which includes improved motion sensor performance and support for additional sound bar and receiver hardware.[49]
  • Enhancements to speed and performance.
9.2.1 13Y772 May 16, 2016
  • General performance and stability improvements.
9.2.2 13Y825 July 18, 2016
  • General performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes.

tvOS 10

[edit]
tvOS 10 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
10.0 14T330 September 13, 2016
  • User Interface
    • Adds the option for users to select between a light mode or a new dark mode.[50]
    • Adds support for app notification badge icons on the tvOS home screen.
  • Siri
    • Support for searching YouTube for content using Siri.
    • Support for searching for content by topic.
  • Photos
    • Adds support for the new Photos app available in iOS 10 which adds a new feature called Memories
  • Music
    • Update the UI of Apple Music to match the UI of Apple Music on iOS 10 and macOS Sierra.
  • Control
    • When users start typing on the Apple TV using the Siri Remote, their iPhone on iOS 10 or later gives them a lockscreen notification that allows for text entry, even without the remote app installed on the iOS device.
    • No longer requires developers to provide support for the Siri Remote in games. A game can now make a third-party MFI controller required for gameplay.
  • HomeKit
    • Allows the control of HomeKit accessories from the Apple TV.
  • Developer Tools
    • Adds many new APIs that developers can take advantage of on tvOS such as ReplayKit, SpriteKit, SceneKit, and more.
10.0.1 14U71
14U100 		October 24, 2016
November 14, 2016 (14U100)
  • General performance and stability improvements.
  • Bug fixes.
10.1 14U593 December 12, 2016
  • General performance and stability improvements.
  • New "TV" app
  • Added "Single Sign-On"
10.1.1 14U712a January 23, 2017
  • General performance and stability improvements.
10.2 14W265 March 27, 2017
  • Adds support for Apple File System (APFS)
  • General performance and stability improvements
10.2.1 14W585a May 15, 2017
  • Security and Bug Fixes[51]
10.2.2 14W756 July 19, 2017
  • Security and Bug Fixes[52]

tvOS 11

[edit]
tvOS 11 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
11.0 15J381 September 19, 2017
  • Initial release on Apple TV 4K (1st generation).
  • Control
    • Adds option to reprogram the TV button on Siri remote to open the TV app or to return to the home screen.
    • Adds support for controlling via Control Center from devices running iOS 11.
  • Experience
    • Apple AirPods automatically connect when paired with a device signed in with the same iCloud account.
    • Option for automatic switching between light and dark mode based on time of day.
    • Adds Home Screen Sync option that synchronizes apps and home screens across Apple TVs signed in with the same iCloud account.
    • Double tapping Siri remote will zoom in on pillarboxed or letterboxed video to fill frame.
    • Tapping timeline a second time will switch to a time-of-day display.
  • Developer tools
    • Increases maximum On-Demand Resource bundle size to 4 GB from 200 MB.
    • Adds support for HEVC and HEIF, hardware decoding on Apple TV 4K and software decoding on Apple TV (4th generation).
11.1 15J582 October 31, 2017 Includes bug fixes and security improvements
11.2 15K106 December 4, 2017 The update includes support for switching the Apple TV 4K display output to SDR for apps that are GPU-bound when running in HDR and it re-introduces the Unwatched category in Home Sharing for Movies, TV Shows, and Home Videos.
11.2.1 15K152 December 13, 2017 Includes bug fixes and security improvements
11.2.5 15K552 January 23, 2018 Includes bug fixes and security improvements
11.2.6 15K600 February 19, 2018 Includes bug fixes and security improvements
11.3 15L211 March 29, 2018 tvOS 11.3 beta provides Dolby Vision support for certain Sony 2017 4K HDR televisions with the X1 Extreme processor.
11.4 15L577 May 29, 2018 AirPlay 2
  • Listen to your favorite songs across every Apple TV, HomePod, and AirPlay 2-compatible speaker you have in your home. Or play something different in every room at the same time.
11.4.1 15M73 July 9, 2018

Bug fixes and improvements

tvOS 12

[edit]
tvOS 12 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
12.0 16J364 September 17, 2018
  • Audio
  • Experience
    • Adds support for Zero Sign-On automatic television app authentication with supported cable providers.
    • Adds password AutoFill from iPhones and iPads running iOS 12 or newer.
    • Adds new aerial screensavers.
  • Developer tools
    • Adds support for home control systems that include Control4, Crestron, and Savant.
    • Adds support for third-party remotes including Siri support.
12.0.1 16J380 September 24, 2018 Bug fixes and improvements
12.1 16J602 October 30, 2018 Bug fixes and improvements
12.1.1 16K45 December 5, 2018 Bug fixes and improvements
12.1.2 16K534 January 22, 2019 Bug fixes and improvements
12.2 16L226 March 25, 2019 Siri and Apple TV Remote improvements
12.2.1 16L250 April 10, 2019 Bug fixes and improvements
12.3 16M153 May 13, 2019
  • Adds redesigned TV app
  • GUI changes in video player
12.4 16M568 July 22, 2019 Bug fixes and improvements
12.4.1 16M600 August 26, 2019

Security fixes

tvOS 13

[edit]
tvOS 13 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
13.0 17J586 September 24, 2019
  • Experience[54]
    • Adds redesigned home screen with full-screen video previews.
    • Changes shape of app icons with more rounded corners.
    • Adds Control Center.
    • Adds support for multiple Apple IDs for built-in apps.
    • Adds scrolling music lyrics in the Music app.
    • Picture-in-picture multitasking in TV app.[55]
    • Adds Apple Arcade app.
    • Adds new underwater screensavers.
    • Only menu and TV button wake from sleep.
  • Control
  • Security Content[56]
13.2 17K82 October 28, 2019
  • Adds support for AirPods Pro.
  • Other stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Security Content[57]
13.3 17K449 December 10, 2019
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Security Content[58]
13.3.1 17K795 January 28, 2020
  • Security Content[59]
13.4 17L256 March 24, 2020
  • Security Content[60]
13.4.5 17L562 May 20, 2020
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Security Content[61]
13.4.6 17L570 June 1, 2020
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Security Content[62]
13.4.8 17M61 July 15, 2020
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Security Content[63]

tvOS 14

[edit]
tvOS 14 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
14.0 18J386 September 16, 2020
  • Experience:
    • Changes shape of app icons with more rounded corners and reduced size.
    • Adds picture-in-picture to third-party apps.
    • Adds Audio Sharing for simultaneously connecting two sets of AirPods on Apple TV 4K.
    • Supports full-resolution AirPlay for 4K videos and photos on Apple TV 4K.
    • Redesigned Control Center.
    • Support for Microsoft Elite 2 and Adaptive Xbox One controllers.
  • HomeKit:
    • Adds camera feeds and picture-in-picture monitoring for HomeKit-enabled security cameras.[64]
    • Adds direct control of HomeKit accessories in Control Center.
  • Developer:
    • Support for 4K YouTube videos on Apple TV 4K, supporting "the latest YouTube videos", reportedly through VP9 support.[65][66]
14.0.1 18J400 September 24, 2020
  • This update includes general performance and stability improvements.
14.0.2 18J411 October 5, 2020
  • This update includes general performance and stability improvements.
14.2 18K57 November 5, 2020
  • Adds support for using HomePod as Apple TV speaker.
  • Adds support for subscribing to Apple One subscription plan.
14.3 18K561 December 14, 2020
  • New Apple TV+ tab in the Apple TV app.
  • Adds support for Apple Fitness.
14.4 18K802 January 26, 2021
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
14.5 18L204 April 26, 2021
  • Initial release on Apple TV 4K (2nd generation).
  • Adds support for Siri Remote (second generation).
  • New colour balance calibration setting in Settings app.
  • Adds Siri support in Austria (German) and Ireland/New Zealand (English).
  • Adds support for keyboard typing into Siri.
  • Adds support for offloading unused apps automatically.
  • Adds support for PlayStation DualSense and Xbox Wireless game controllers.
14.6 18L569 May 24, 2021
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Adds support for lossless playback and Dolby Atmos music in Apple Music on all Apple TV 4K models.
14.7 18M60 July 19, 2021
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.

tvOS 15

[edit]
tvOS 15 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
15.0 19J346 September 20, 2021
  • Adds support for controlling Apple TV with a HomePod or HomePod Mini.
  • Adds "Shared with You" row in TV app for movies and TV shows shared in Messages.
  • Redesigned video player interface.[67]
  • Audio:
  • HomeKit:
    • Adds notifications from security devices.
    • Add support for viewing multiple HomeKit cameras simultaneously.
  • Developer:
    • Enables authenticating purchases and signing into apps using Touch ID or Face ID on a paired iPhone or iPad.[68]
15.1 19J572 October 25, 2021
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Adds support for SharePlay.
15.1.1 19J581 November 1, 2021
  • Adds Apple TV support in South Korea.
15.2 19K53 December 13, 2021
  • New Memories feature in Photos app.
  • New Store tab in Apple TV app.
  • Adds support for subscribing to Apple Music Voice subscription plan.
  • Adds Siri support for additional languages.
  • New screensavers.
15.3 19K547 January 26, 2022
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
  • Resolves several security vulnerabilities.
15.4 19L440 March 14, 2022
15.4.1 19L452 March 31, 2022
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes when setting up/restoring Apple TV.
15.5 19L570 May 16, 2022
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
15.5.1 19L580 May 25, 2022
  • Fix for a bug where music playback could stop after a while.
15.6 19M65 July 20, 2022
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.

tvOS 16

[edit]
tvOS 16 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
16.0 20J8378 Preinstalled[a]
20J373 September 12, 2022
16.1 20K71 October 24, 2022
  • Initial release on Apple TV 4K (3rd generation).
  • Adds support for Matter[20]
  • Adds support for shared Photo libraries
  • Redesigned Siri interface and voice recognition for up to six users.
  • Support for "Hey Siri" with AirPods family headphones[72]
16.1.1 20K80 November 16, 2022
  • For Apple TV 4K (3rd generation) 128 GB only.
  • Fix for a bug where Apple TV could become unable to install apps.[73]
16.2 20K362 December 13, 2022
  • Adds the ability to set the Siri language to be different from the language displayed on the Apple TV.
  • Adds language support to Siri for Danish in Denmark, French and German in Luxembourg, and English in Singapore.
  • Adds beat-by-beat, real-time lyrics in Apple Music.
  • Adds Apple Music Sing karaoke feature on Apple TV 4K (3rd generation)
  • Adds the ability to control the vocal volume of songs in Apple Music on the Apple TV 4K (3rd generation).
16.3 20K650 January 24, 2023
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
16.3.1 20K661 February 6, 2023
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.[20]
16.3.2 20K672 February 13, 2023
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
16.3.3 20K680 March 6, 2023
  • This update fixes an issue where the Siri Remote can become unresponsive on Apple TV 4K (3rd generation only).
16.4 20L497 March 27, 2023
  • Adds support for the redesigned Apple Home architecture introduced with iOS 16.4.
  • New accessibility option called "Dim Flashing Lights" added to automatically dim the video when light flashes or strobe effects are detected onscreen.
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.
16.4.1 20L498 April 12, 2023
  • Stability improvements and bug fixes.[20]
  • Security fix.[74]
16.5 20L563 May 18, 2023
  • Adds multiview support in TV app for MLS Season Pass and Friday Night Baseball on Apple TV 4K
  • Adds Thread 1.3 support[75]
16.6 20M73 July 24, 2023
  • Adds Siri support for Hebrew in Israel to help you find TV programmes, music and more using just your voice
  • performance and stability improvements.

tvOS 17

[edit]
tvOS 17 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
17.0 21J354 September 18, 2023
  • Adds support for FaceTime on Apple TV 4K (2nd generation and newer) with a paired iPhone or iPad running iOS 17/iPadOS 17, with support for Center Stage and Split View with iPhones and iPads with an Apple A13 chip or newer
  • Adds ability to locate a Siri Remote (2nd generation or later) with a paired iPhone or iPad
  • Redesigned Control Center
  • Adds option to reduce icon size to fit six icons per row
  • Adds custom plan and stacks to Apple Fitness+
  • Audio/video:
    • Adds support for Dolby Vision 8.1 on Apple TV 4K
    • Enhance Dialogue to boost dialogue volume on Apple TV 4K paired with HomePod (2nd generation)
  • Developer:
    • Adds support for third-party video conferencing applications on Apple TV 4K (2nd generation and newer)[76]
    • Adds support for VPNs[77]
17.1 21K69 October 25, 2023
17.2 21K365 December 11, 2023
  • Redesigned TV app including a new sidebar menu and the ability to switch between profiles within the app[79]
  • FaceTime:
    • Adds the ability to answer FaceTime calls directly on Apple TV 4K
    • FaceTime Audio calls are now supported on Apple TV 4K
    • Adds the ability to move a FaceTime call from an iPhone or iPad to an Apple TV 4K
  • Dolby Atmos and Dolby Digital surround sound are now supported when using SharePlay
  • Adds audio focus to Apple Fitness+
  • Adds the ability to start voice search from anywhere in supported apps with the Siri button on the Siri Remote
  • Deprecates the iTunes Movies and iTunes TV Shows apps, with both apps now redirecting users to the TV app to access their purchased Movies and TV shows.
17.3 21K646[80] January 22, 2024
  • This update includes performance and stability improvements.
17.4 21L227[81] March 7, 2024
  • This update includes performance and stability improvements.
17.5 21L569[82] May 13, 2024
17.5.1 21L580[83] May 21, 2024
  • Fix Photos corruption bug that caused deleted images to reappear
17.6 21M71[84] July 29, 2024
17.6.1 21M80[85] August 19, 2024

tvOS 18

[edit]
Unsupported: tvOS 18 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
Unsupported: 18.0 22J357[86] September 16, 2024
  • Adds InSight to Apple TV app to display information about actors, characters, and music from Apple TV+ content.
  • Adds support for Enhance Dialogue with third party speakers with Apple TV 4K (2nd generation or later)
  • Live captions in FaceTime with Apple TV 4K (2nd generation or later)
  • Redesigned Fitness app
  • New Portraits screensaver mode
  • Using mute button on Siri Remote (2nd generation or later) automatically turns on subtitles[87]
  • The ability to set photo (screen saver) durations disappears: Settings / Screen Saver / Memories & Slideshows / Style / Classic / Time Per Slide ...is gone.
Unsupported: 18.1 22J580 October 28, 2024
Unsupported: 18.2 22K155 December 11, 2024
Unsupported: 18.2.1 22K160 January 16, 2025
  • Fixes a data syncing issue.
Unsupported: 18.3 22K557 January 27, 2025
Unsupported: 18.3.1 22K561 March 11, 2025
  • Third-generation Apple TV 4K only. Fixes a streaming playback issue.
Unsupported: 18.4 22L254 March 31, 2025
  • The ability to set photo (screen saver) durations has returned. Settings / Screen Saver / Memories & Slideshows / Style / Classic / Time Per Slide. This setting disappeared with 18.0.
Unsupported: 18.4.1 22L261 April 16, 2025
  • Security fix.
Unsupported: 18.5 22L572 May 12, 2025
Unsupported: 18.6 22M84 July 29, 2025

tvOS 26

[edit]
Latest version: tvOS 26 version history
tvOS version Build Release date Features
Unsupported: 26.0 23J353[88] September 15, 2025
  • Adds new Liquid Glass user interface with Apple TV 4K (2nd generation or later)[89]
  • Apple Music Sing on Apple TV 4K (3rd generation):
    • Adds ability to use an iPhone running iOS 26 as a microphone.
    • Adds ability for multiple users to queue songs and react with emojis using an iPhone running iOS 26 on the same Wi-Fi network.
    • Adds lyrics translation for select songs.
  • FaceTime: adds incoming call notifications, contact posters and live captions in French, German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, and Spanish with Apple TV 4K (2nd generation or later)
  • Adds option to automatically select user profile when Apple TV wakes
  • Adds Automatic Sign-In API with ability to link login information saved with an Apple account and automatically sign in with supported apps.
  • Adds ability to set any AirPlay speaker as the permanent speaker for Apple TV
  • Adds new aerial screensavers of India
  • Updates Thread to version 1.4 with Apple TV 4K (2nd generation or later)[90]
Latest version: 26.0.1 23J362[91] September 29, 2025 Bug fixes
Preview version: 26.1 Beta 4 23J5571a[92] October 20, 2025

See also

[edit]

Other operating systems developed by Apple:

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

TvOS

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
tvOS is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. for its Apple TV line of digital media players, including the Apple TV HD and Apple TV 4K models, enabling users to stream video, music, and other media content from various services while supporting third-party apps, games, and smart home integrations. Introduced in 2015 with the fourth-generation Apple TV, tvOS replaced the previous Apple TV Software and is derived from iOS, sharing core technologies like the UIKit framework for app development and user interface elements. The operating system debuted as tvOS 9 on October 29, 2015, bringing a full to Apple TV for the first time and allowing developers to create native applications optimized for television screens and navigation. Subsequent major versions have introduced significant enhancements: tvOS 12 (2018) launched the unified for personalized content recommendations; tvOS 13 (2019) added multi-user support and gaming; tvOS 14 (2020) enabled audio sharing and mode; tvOS 15 (2021) integrated SharePlay and Spatial Audio; tvOS 16 (2022) supported multi-user profiles, Multiview for sports, and Sing; tvOS 17 (2023) redesigned the Control Center; tvOS 18 (2024) featured InSight for on-screen metadata during Apple TV+ viewing, enhanced , and 21:9 aspect ratio support for projectors. As of November 2025, the latest version is tvOS 26.1, which introduces a for a more immersive interface, cinematic poster art for content previews, improved performance, and deeper integration with features like microphone use for in . tvOS emphasizes seamless connectivity across Apple's ecosystem, supporting features like Continuity for handoff between devices, voice control, and HomeKit for smart home management, while prioritizing privacy through on-device processing for capabilities like Enhance Dialogue audio adjustments. Developers leverage Swift and to build apps that take advantage of high-fidelity video formats such as 4K and HDR10+, ensuring tvOS delivers a premium entertainment experience on the big screen.

History

Origins in Apple TV software

The Apple TV, introduced in 2007, initially ran proprietary firmware known as Apple TV Software 1.0, which debuted alongside the first-generation device on March 21, 2007. This software was built on a modified version of macOS components, including the derived from the Darwin open-source operating system foundation, and utilized for visual effects in its Front Row media interface. The system emphasized a media-centric , booting directly into a optimized for living room viewing, with core functionality limited to streaming and playback of content synced from on computers. Subsequent updates evolved the software incrementally while maintaining its proprietary nature. Apple TV Software 2.0, announced on January 15, 2008, and released on February 12, 2008, introduced support for direct downloads of movie rentals to the device and integration with .Mac services for photo and music sharing, eliminating the need for a built-in hard drive in updated models by shifting to streaming focus. Software 3.0, released on October 29, 2009, added the Apple TV Network Developer's Kit (NDK) to enable limited third-party app development, though installations required syncing via rather than a dedicated store. The second-generation hardware followed in 2010 with Software 4.0. Later versions included Software 4.x in 2011, which enhanced video formats and streaming services like , and Software 5.0 in March 2012, debuting wireless streaming from devices. By Software 6.0 in 2013, integration allowed seamless access to photos, videos, and music purchases directly on the device, alongside Radio support. Throughout these pre-tvOS iterations, the software's remained rooted in a Darwin-based operating system with the , prioritizing single-task media playback over full multitasking to ensure stability on resource-constrained hardware. Key limitations persisted, including the absence of a native , dependence on for content syncing and updates, and no support for local app installations beyond developer tools. This media-focused, closed laid the groundwork for the rebranding to tvOS in 2015.

Announcement and launch of tvOS

tvOS was officially announced by Apple CEO during Apple's special event on September 9, 2015, in . The platform was unveiled alongside the fourth-generation Apple TV hardware, marking tvOS as the company's operating system designed specifically for the living room entertainment experience. Building on the foundations of the previous Apple TV Software 8.0, tvOS introduced a dedicated (SDK) available in beta to registered developers starting September 9, 2015, enabling the creation of native apps optimized for the big screen. The announcement emphasized tvOS's role in transforming the Apple TV from a limited media streaming device into a full-fledged app-centric platform. Key motivations included introducing a dedicated for tvOS with categories for games, entertainment, education, and lifestyle apps, supporting native development with tools like Metal for graphics and integration, and deep Siri voice control for searching content across services. This shift aimed to position Apple TV as a central hub for smart home entertainment, leveraging the A8 chip in the forthcoming fourth-generation hardware for enhanced performance. tvOS 9.0 was released publicly on October 26, , coinciding with the shipping of the fourth-generation hardware, priced at $149 for the 32GB model and $199 for the 64GB version. The release was accompanied by over 1,000 apps available at launch, including major streaming services and games, demonstrating rapid developer adoption during the beta phase.

Evolution and major milestones

Following the launch of tvOS in 2015, Apple introduced the hardware in September 2017 alongside tvOS 11, which brought support for , , and to enhance video playback quality on compatible displays. This update also added audio support, enabling immersive spatial sound for movies and shows streamed via apps like and . The 's integration with tvOS 11 marked a shift toward positioning the device as a premium home hub, with improved processing via the A10X Fusion chip to handle high-resolution content. Key milestones in tvOS evolution include the release of tvOS 13 in September 2019, which introduced multi-user support allowing household members to maintain personalized profiles with individual recommendations for TV shows, , and . This version also launched integration, providing access to a subscription-based gaming service with over 100 titles optimized for Apple TV controllers. In 2023, tvOS 17 added capabilities to 4K, enabling video calls directly on the TV using connected iPhones or iPads as cameras for more inclusive family interactions. By 2025, tvOS 26 debuted a Liquid Glass redesign, featuring translucent, fluid elements for a more expressive and vibrant experience, alongside a rebranding of the Apple TV+ service to simply "" to unify streaming content. Strategic expansions further broadened tvOS's ecosystem role. tvOS 13's Apple Arcade debut extended gaming to the living room, while tvOS 14 in 2020 integrated Apple Fitness+ workouts, allowing users to stream guided sessions with real-time metrics from paired Apple Watches displayed on the TV. tvOS 18 in 2024 enhanced HomeKit support with new controls for smart , including guest access for temporary device management and improved integration with for multi-room audio. Market growth reflected these developments, with U.S. active Apple TV devices rising from approximately 20 million in 2015 to over 33 million by 2024, driven by hardware refreshes and service expansions. Globally, Apple reported more than 2.35 billion active devices across its by 2025, underscoring tvOS's contribution to sustained adoption. Post-2020 challenges around user prompted responsive updates, such as the introduction of App Tracking Transparency in tvOS 14.5, which requires apps to obtain explicit permission before tracking users across other apps or websites for advertising purposes. This framework, aligned with and changes, aimed to empower users with greater control over their data while addressing regulatory scrutiny on digital advertising practices.

Design and user experience

User interface and navigation

tvOS employs a philosophy tailored specifically for television environments, emphasizing simplicity, legibility, and immersion to accommodate typical viewing distances of 8 feet or more. Unlike iOS, which supports direct touch interactions, tvOS prioritizes remote-based input and voice commands, resulting in larger visual targets and bolder to ensure clarity from across the room. This adaptation draws from iOS foundations but optimizes for passive viewing and occasional , with subtle animations and audio cues to guide users without overwhelming the primary content focus. The in tvOS features a grid-based layout of app icons arranged in rows, allowing users to horizontally and vertically for easy access to installed applications. When an app icon receives focus, the Top Shelf area at the top of the screen activates, displaying customized content such as personalized recommendations or previews provided by the app developer. Idle periods trigger screen saver modes, including Aerial views—stunning, drone-captured videos of global locations introduced in tvOS 10—to prevent on displays while maintaining an engaging visual experience. As of tvOS 26 (2025), the interface incorporates a , featuring translucent elements and cinematic poster art for content previews to create a more immersive experience. Navigation in tvOS relies on a focus-based selection system, where the or compatible controllers move a highlight between interactive elements, causing them to subtly expand and animate with effects for intuitive orientation. Menu transitions often incorporate smooth, curved zoom animations to mimic depth, enhancing the sense of movement without requiring precise pointing. Universal search, accessible via Spotlight, aggregates results from apps, media libraries, and connected services, enabling voice or text queries for content discovery across the ecosystem. Quick-access features like the Control Center, summoned by swiping down on the remote, provide shortcuts to settings, profiles, and system controls, streamlining common tasks. The has evolved across generations to refine precision and usability for tvOS . The first-generation model, introduced in 2015 with the fourth-generation , featured an aluminum body with a glass on the top surface supporting swipe and pinch s for and zooming. In 2017, the second-generation remote shifted to a black plastic design with the touch surface relocated to the side for improved , while retaining gesture capabilities and adding a dedicated TV control button. The third-generation , released in 2021 with the third-generation 4K, returned to an aluminum construction with a port and introduced a touch-enabled clickpad for five-way directional , emphasizing voice integration via a prominent button while supporting familiar swipe and click gestures.

Accessibility features

tvOS provides a range of built-in accessibility features designed to support users with visual, hearing, and motor impairments, ensuring inclusive interaction with the Apple TV interface and content. These tools integrate seamlessly with the system's navigation, allowing users to customize experiences based on their needs without compromising core functionality. For users with visual impairments, VoiceOver serves as the primary screen reader, introduced with tvOS 9, which delivers spoken audio descriptions of on-screen elements and supports gesture-based navigation via the Siri Remote's clickpad or touch surface. Users can employ rotor gestures—performed by rotating two fingers on the remote—to adjust settings like speech rate, volume, or navigation mode, facilitating efficient exploration of menus, apps, and media content tailored for television interfaces. Additionally, VoiceOver enables audio descriptions for videos, narrating key visual actions and scenes to enhance comprehension during playback. Complementary visual aids include Zoom, which magnifies the screen up to 15 times for detailed viewing, and color filters such as grayscale or inverted colors to improve readability and contrast for those with low vision or color blindness. Hearing accommodations in tvOS emphasize clear audio delivery and customization. Closed captions and subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) are supported system-wide, with options for forced captions that display essential dialogue regardless of user language preferences; these integrate with third-party apps like to provide consistent access across streaming services. Live captioning, introduced in tvOS 18, generates real-time subtitles for supported audio and video content, including calls, aiding users in noisy environments or with . In addition, tvOS 18 introduces "Show on Skip Back" under Settings > Video and Audio > Automatic Subtitles, an intentional accessibility feature that temporarily displays subtitles for up to 30 seconds when skipping back with the Siri Remote to assist in catching missed dialogue. It also activates when audio is muted. Although some users initially reported it as unintentional closed captioning during rewinding, it is a designed aid for accessibility rather than a bug. If it does not trigger, ensure the setting is enabled, restart the device, or check for app-specific behavior; disable by setting "Show on Skip Back" to Off in the same menu. Audio routing to further enhances hearing aids, with features like Mono Audio for balanced sound distribution between ears and spatial audio that adjusts balance based on head movements for immersive, equitable . Motor accessibility is addressed through Switch Control and Dwell Control, which enable alternative input methods for users with limited dexterity. Switch Control allows scanning-based selection using external switches or adaptive devices, while Dwell Control permits hands-free activation by dwelling the pointer on items, introduced to support precise interactions without physical pressing. These features tie briefly into broader UI navigation by adapting standard remote gestures to inclusive alternatives.

Customization and personalization

tvOS introduced multi-user profiles with the release of tvOS 13, enabling household members to sign in using their individual Apple IDs for distinct experiences on a shared device. Each profile supports separate suggestions tailored to the user's preferences, personalized app libraries, and optional passcode protection to secure access. This setup allows up to six family members to maintain privacy and customization, with profiles switchable via Control Center or Settings. Theme and wallpaper options enhance the visual environment, starting with dark mode in tvOS 13, which applies a darker color palette for comfortable viewing in low-light conditions and can be set to automatic based on time of day. Additionally, Top Shelf app rotations allow selected applications to display rotating personalized content, such as recommendations or previews, directly on the home screen row for quick access. Personalization extends through Apple ID integration, where viewing history informs tailored recommendations in apps like Apple TV+, including "For All of You" suggestions that blend family profiles' tastes. Family Sharing facilitates shared purchases and subscriptions across up to six members, while syncs preferences like watchlists and history seamlessly across compatible Apple devices. Advanced settings offer further tailoring, such as customizable sleep timers adjustable in Control Center for durations from to 4 hours, helping manage device standby. tvOS 18 introduced more granular app permission controls, allowing users to fine-tune access for features like , , and tracking on a per-app basis directly from . These options, combined with optional layers, ensure a highly adaptable interface.

Core features and capabilities

Media playback and streaming

tvOS serves as the primary platform for media consumption on Apple TV devices, emphasizing high-quality video and audio playback through native applications and seamless integration with streaming services. The operating system supports advanced formats such as , HDR10+, and for video, alongside immersive audio options like , enabling users to experience content with enhanced clarity and depth on compatible displays and sound systems. The , introduced as a central hub for video content, unifies personal libraries, purchased movies, TV shows, and subscriptions from services like Apple TV+, , and Disney+ into a single interface since its major update in tvOS 12. This app allows users to access a consolidated that includes purchases, family-shared content, and recommendations, streamlining navigation across disparate sources without switching apps. The Photos app on tvOS supports playback of 4K photos and videos from libraries, delivering high-resolution slideshows and memories optimized for large screens since the Apple TV 4K's launch. Complementing these, the Music app introduced lossless audio playback in tvOS 14, allowing subscribers to stream or download tracks in up to 24-bit/192 kHz quality when connected to compatible external audio systems. Additionally, tvOS 14 introduced Audio Sharing, enabling up to two pairs of compatible AirPods or Beats headphones to connect simultaneously via Bluetooth to Apple TV 4K for shared audio listening experiences. tvOS incorporates robust streaming protocols to facilitate wireless media distribution and multi-device synchronization. AirPlay 2, available since tvOS 12, enables multi-room audio playback across compatible speakers and units, allowing synchronized streaming from devices or the Apple TV itself to create immersive whole-home experiences. Video capabilities include support from tvOS 11 on 4K, providing dynamic metadata for scene-by-scene HDR optimization, while audio integration, also starting in tvOS 11 and expanded in tvOS 12, delivers object-based surround sound through eligible content and setups. Additionally, tvOS 17 introduced video decoding, improving efficiency for high-resolution streaming from services like and by reducing bandwidth needs without compromising quality on supported hardware. Key playback enhancements in tvOS elevate user control and multitasking. Picture-in-Picture mode, debuted in tvOS 14, permits video to continue in a resizable corner window while navigating other apps or the , ideal for monitoring live feeds or background viewing. Standard features like chapter markers in the allow quick jumps within movies and episodes, while playback controls via the support fast-forward, rewind, and subtitle toggling for accessible consumption. In tvOS 26.1 (November 2025), the Apple TV+ service received a rebrand with a new visual and sonic logo, enhancing content presentation in the app. Content discovery and management are streamlined through built-in tools like Universal Search, which queries across the and participating third-party services to surface movies, shows, and episodes based on keywords or voice input via . The Continue Watching queue automatically populates with unfinished content from supported apps, presenting a personalized row on the for effortless resumption, enhancing the overall viewing continuity.

App ecosystem and Siri integration

The tvOS App Store launched alongside tvOS 9 in September 2015, introducing third-party app support for Apple TV and debuting with over 1,000 available applications focused on entertainment, games, and utilities. By the end of 2015, the catalog had expanded to more than 2,600 apps, with projections reaching 10,000 by early 2016, and continued growth leading to approximately 18,000 apps by 2024. Categories span media streaming, productivity tools for note-taking and calendars, and gaming, exemplified by the introduction of Apple Arcade in tvOS 13, which offers a subscription-based library of premium games optimized for the big screen. Siri integration in tvOS has evolved to provide voice-driven control tailored to the living room experience, with tvOS 10 introducing enhanced search and contextual commands for media playback, such as "Play jazz on the TV" to stream music to specific devices. tvOS 13 further expanded this by adding support for the Shortcuts app, allowing users to create and invoke custom automations via for tasks like launching apps or adjusting playback. Multilingual queries are supported through configurable languages, enabling voice interactions in regions like with Hebrew added in later updates, though primary functionality remains tied to selected locales. The app ecosystem integrates seamlessly with Apple's broader services, including in-app purchases for premium content and subscriptions, which can be shared across Family Sharing groups to allow up to six members access to purchased apps without additional costs. Cross-device continuity features like Handoff enable users to transfer text input from an to tvOS for easier app navigation and searches. Developers are guided by Apple's tvOS Human Interface Guidelines, which emphasize designing interfaces optimized for the Siri Remote's touch surface and focus-based navigation, ensuring apps prioritize large-screen readability and gesture efficiency over touch or keyboard inputs.

HomeKit and smart home support

tvOS introduced support for HomeKit in version 10, released in September 2016, enabling the Apple TV to serve as a home hub for controlling compatible smart home accessories even when users are away from home. This integration allowed Apple TV models, starting with the fourth generation, to act as an always-on controller, facilitating remote access to devices such as cameras, lights, and locks through the Home app on iOS or other connected devices. Over subsequent updates, tvOS enhanced its HomeKit capabilities, including the addition of Thread protocol support in tvOS 14 (2020), which positioned the second-generation Apple TV 4K as a Thread border router to improve connectivity for low-power IoT devices in the home network. Further evolution came with tvOS 16 (2022), which incorporated support for the smart home standard, allowing seamless interoperability with a broader range of third-party accessories certified under this cross-platform protocol. As a HomeKit hub, tvOS enables key features like scenes, which group multiple accessories for simultaneous control (e.g., adjusting lights and thermostats with a single command), and automations triggered by events such as time of day or geofencing when a user arrives home. In tvOS 17 (2023), enhancements included improved activity history for devices like door locks and cameras. remains a core aspect of tvOS HomeKit integration, with protecting communications between the Apple TV hub and accessories to prevent unauthorized access. Guest access controls, refined across updates, enable temporary sharing of specific home features without granting full administrative privileges, ensuring privacy while accommodating visitors.

Supported hardware and compatibility

Compatible Apple TV models

tvOS is compatible exclusively with Apple TV models from the fourth generation (2015) and later, spanning the Apple TV HD and all generations of the lineup up to the third generation (2022) equipped with an A15 Bionic chip. These devices meet tvOS's minimum hardware requirements, including at least 2 GB of RAM and support for app-based interfaces introduced with tvOS 9. Prior models, such as the third-generation Apple TV (2012–2013), do not support tvOS and reached end-of-support with Apple TV Software 8.4.1 in 2016. The following table summarizes the key specifications of compatible Apple TV models:
ModelRelease YearProcessorStorage OptionsMaximum Resolution and Key Video FeaturesNetworking Highlights
Apple TV HD (4th gen)2015A832 GB1080p HD10/100 Ethernet, 802.11ac
Apple TV 4K (1st gen)2017A10X Fusion32/64 GB4K HDR, at 60 fps10/100 Ethernet, 802.11ac
Apple TV 4K (2nd gen)2021A12 Bionic32/64 GB4K and at 60 fps, 802.11ax
Apple TV 4K (3rd gen)2022A15 Bionic64/128 GB4K , , and HLG at 60 fps; 2.1 6E, , Thread/ support
Compatible accessories enhance connectivity and control for these models, including Ethernet adapters for wired internet on Wi-Fi-only variants, infrared (IR) remotes like the original for navigation, and HDMI-CEC standards for seamless integration with TVs and AV receivers to enable power and volume control via a single remote. These models receive tvOS updates over-the-air to maintain compatibility and security.

System requirements and updates

tvOS operates on Apple TV HD (4th generation, 2015) and all subsequent Apple TV 4K models. Initial setup necessitates an internet connection and an Apple Account for access and other services. Software updates require available storage space on the device, with users advised to free up space via Settings > General > Manage Storage if necessary. Over-the-air (OTA) updates are delivered automatically or manually through Settings > Updates, where users can enable automatic downloads and installations. Beta versions of tvOS are accessible via the Apple Beta Software Program for public testers or the Apple Developer Program for enrolled developers, allowing to upcoming releases such as the tvOS 26 developer betas. Apple issues mandatory patches periodically to address vulnerabilities, exemplified by tvOS 17.7 released in 2024, which included fixes for multiple issues. Major tvOS updates employ staged rollouts to a subset of users initially, enabling Apple to monitor stability and mitigate widespread problems before full deployment. In cases of update failures or device issues, recovery mode can be activated—via repeated or remote button combinations—and restoration performed using a Mac or PC; Apple TV HD (micro-USB) and first- and second-generation Apple TV 4K (USB-C) models support direct USB connection, while the third-generation Apple TV 4K uses network-based recovery through Finder or the Apple Devices app. tvOS ensures backward compatibility for applications built targeting tvOS 9 through tvOS 26, allowing older apps to run on newer versions, although deprecated APIs in recent releases may require developer updates for optimal performance.

Hardware integrations

tvOS integrates seamlessly with various external hardware components to enhance on devices. For television connectivity, 4K models support 2.1, enabling features like higher frame rates and dynamic HDR metadata, available on third-generation models released in 2022 and compatible with tvOS 16 and later. Additionally, eARC (enhanced Audio Return Channel) is supported on 4K second-generation and later models, allowing high-quality audio, including , to be passed from the TV back to the for output to compatible sound systems. HDMI-CEC functionality facilitates automatic wake and sleep synchronization; when connected to a CEC-compatible TV or receiver, the turns on automatically upon selecting its input and can enter sleep mode in coordination with the display. Input devices are handled through and protocols. tvOS allows pairing of multiple remotes and accessories, though only one official Remote can be actively paired at a time, with others unpaired upon new connections; this enables support for additional controllers in multi-user or gaming scenarios. integration expanded in tvOS 13 to include native support for Wireless Controllers and PlayStation 4 controllers, with support for DualSense controllers added in tvOS 14.5, allowing up to four controllers for multiplayer gaming without adapters. For legacy televisions without CEC, tvOS features IR learning, where the captures and replicates signals from universal remotes to control power and volume on non-HDMI-CEC displays. Networking capabilities ensure robust connectivity for streaming and app functionality. Ethernet models of Apple TV 4K include Gigabit Ethernet ports for wired connections up to 1 Gbps, providing stable performance for high-bandwidth activities like 4K streaming. Wireless options include Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) on third-generation Apple TV 4K models from 2022, offering improved speed and efficiency over previous standards, while tvOS fully supports IPv6 for modern network addressing and compatibility. As an AirPlay receiver, tvOS enables multi-user handoff, where authenticated users can seamlessly stream or mirror content from their iPhone, iPad, or Mac to the Apple TV, with profile-based access introduced in tvOS 14. Peripheral support extends to diagnostic and continuity features. First- and second-generation Apple TV 4K include a USB-C service port for connection to a Mac for troubleshooting and software restoration via tools like , while the third-generation model supports network-based recovery; tvOS 16 introduced Continuity Camera, permitting an or to serve as an for video and audio on Apple TV, such as for calls or app integration, effectively extending remote-like functionality through the connected device's camera and microphone.

Development

Developer tools and frameworks

Development for tvOS primarily relies on , Apple's , which has bundled the tvOS SDK since Xcode 7 in to support the initial release of tvOS 9. The SDK enables developers to build, test, and deploy applications using Swift or , with the tvOS Simulator providing remote emulation of hardware and software behaviors directly within Xcode for rapid iteration without physical devices. Core frameworks for tvOS app development include UIKit and TVML for creating user interfaces optimized for television screens, introduced with tvOS 9 to handle navigation and layout in a remote-controlled environment. AVKit facilitates media playback and streaming, supporting high-quality video formats like 4K and essential for tvOS content delivery. For 3D graphics and gaming, SceneKit and GameKit provide high-level APIs for rendering scenes, physics simulations, and gameplay mechanics, with enhancements in tvOS 13 improving performance and integration for immersive experiences. Key tools extend these capabilities with modern declarative interfaces and advanced features; SwiftUI support arrived in tvOS 14, allowing developers to build responsive UIs using a single codebase adaptable across Apple platforms. RealityKit, introduced in tvOS 13, enables and high-fidelity 3D rendering powered by the device's A-series chips. Instruments, part of , offers performance profiling to analyze CPU usage, memory allocation, and graphics rendering on A-series processors, helping optimize apps for smooth playback and low latency. Testing emphasizes on-device debugging via USB connection to an for real-time inspection and breakpoints, alongside adherence to 10-foot UI guidelines that ensure legibility and focus from viewing distances typical in living rooms. These practices facilitate seamless integration with the distribution process.

App creation and distribution

tvOS apps are developed using and frameworks such as UIKit and TVMLKit, which support focus-based navigation tailored to the remote. The app lifecycle begins with creating provisioning profiles in the Apple Developer account to enable signing and distribution. Developers generate development provisioning profiles for testing on registered devices and App Store distribution profiles for uploading builds to Connect. Once built, apps can be distributed for beta testing via , allowing internal and external testers to provide feedback before full release; TestFlight requires builds to include valid provisioning profiles with application identifiers. Key requirements for tvOS apps include designing interfaces for a 16:9 aspect ratio to match displays and relying on focus navigation rather than on-screen keyboards, as text input is handled primarily through the or paired keyboards. Submission occurs through App Store Connect, where developers upload builds using or Transporter and prepare metadata, screenshots, and app previews in landscape orientation. The review process typically takes 24 to 48 hours on average, with 50% of apps reviewed within 24 hours and over 90% within 48 hours, though times vary based on submission completeness and complexity. tvOS apps are categorized in App Store Connect using primary and secondary options such as , , , or Utilities to improve ; for example, streaming apps often fall under Entertainment, while interactive titles use Games. Upon approval, apps are released publicly or to specific territories via phased rollouts. Monetization for tvOS apps leverages the StoreKit framework, introduced with tvOS 9 but enhanced in tvOS 11 for broader ad network integration and purchase handling. In-app purchases (IAP) support consumables, non-consumables, and auto-renewable subscriptions, enabling models similar to Apple TV+ for premium content access; developers configure these in App Store Connect and process transactions securely via StoreKit APIs. Ad networks can be implemented through StoreKit for rewarded ads or interstitials starting from tvOS 11, with revenue shared via Apple's 30% commission on IAP and subscriptions. Best practices emphasize robust offline support, particularly for media apps, by downloading HLS content using AVFoundation for playback without connectivity, as required for extended offline scenarios beyond days via special provisioning requests. Since tvOS 17, apps must include manifests (PrivacyInfo.xcprivacy files) to declare practices and required reason APIs, ensuring compliance with guidelines; these files are placed at the app bundle root and detail tracking domains or accessed APIs to enhance transparency.

API changes across versions

tvOS 9 marked the introduction of TVMLKit, a framework that allows developers to build client-server applications using Apple TV Markup Language (TVML) templates, which define structured UI elements and navigation for video-centric apps. In tvOS 10, several legacy APIs were deprecated to streamline development, including older SSL protocol constants like kSSLProtocolAll, encouraging the adoption of modern standards such as TLS 1.2. tvOS 13 expanded design resources with the addition of SF Symbols, a collection of over 1,000 customizable vector icons that scale with the San Francisco system font, enabling consistent and adaptive iconography across tvOS interfaces. tvOS 15 incorporated Swift concurrency features, including async/await syntax, to simplify asynchronous programming and improve code readability for tasks like network requests and media loading. tvOS 18 advanced machine learning integration through Core ML enhancements, supporting optimized on-device model deployment and execution for faster inference in apps handling AI-driven features like content recommendation. The Vision framework also received a redesigned Swift-only API in this version, utilizing concurrency to perform efficient tasks such as and text recognition directly on hardware. In tvOS 19 through 26, Apple continued evolving developer tools with a focus on 3D and immersive experiences. Notably, at WWDC 2025, SceneKit was soft-deprecated, encouraging migration to RealityKit as the recommended high-level 3D engine for cross-platform development on , , macOS, tvOS, and . RealityKit received updates for richer 3D content creation, including improved entity-component systems, animation support, and integration with . The tvOS 26 SDK, bundled with 26, enhances performance for these frameworks, enabling developers to build more immersive apps leveraging the latest A-series chips. Apple maintains high backward compatibility across tvOS versions; deprecations are announced in release notes, accompanied by migration guides in Xcode to facilitate smooth transitions for existing apps.

Version history

Pre-tvOS era (Apple TV Software 1.0–8.0)

The pre-tvOS era encompassed Apple TV Software versions 1.0 through 7.x, released between 2007 and 2015, transforming the device from a basic digital media receiver into a capable streaming platform while remaining tethered to iTunes for content and updates. Initially launched with the first-generation on March 21, 2007, version 1.0 focused on simple synchronization and playback of music, photos, and videos from iTunes libraries on Mac or Windows computers, requiring users to connect the device via Ethernet or for manual syncing. , released on February 12, 2008, introduced movie rentals directly on the device, allowing users to access content from the iTunes Store without a computer intermediary, marking the first step toward standalone functionality. Subsequent updates built on this foundation: version 3.0, rolled out on October 29, 2009, featured a redesigned with direct access to rented and purchased media, Genius Mixes for music, streaming, and support for iTunes LPs and Extras for enhanced album and movie experiences. Version 4.0, arriving in September 2010, added video streaming via from iOS devices, expanding wireless media sharing beyond audio. Key enhancements continued in later versions, emphasizing integration with Apple's ecosystem. Version 5.0, released on March 7, 2012, brought mirroring for full-screen video and app content from iOS devices, alongside an updated interface and support for Photo Stream to display shared photos automatically. Version 6.0, launched on September 20, 2013, introduced iCloud Photo Sharing for viewing videos and photos from shared streams, iTunes Radio for ad-supported music streaming, direct iTunes Store purchases on the device, and from iCloud for remote content playback. Version 7.0, released on September 17, 2014, adopted a flat design inspired by , added peer-to-peer for direct device-to-device streaming, Family Sharing for shared iTunes purchases, and a conference room mode enabling multi-user access in hotel or business settings without personal logins. The final pre-tvOS updates, version 7.x in 2015, continued support for the third-generation Apple TV. Throughout this period, the software faced significant technical constraints that defined its hobbyist status, as described by Apple executives. It lacked an , restricting users to pre-installed apps for iTunes content, streaming services like (added via updates), and basic utilities, with no support for third-party native applications. Video output was capped at resolution, without 4K or HDR support, and all updates were delivered via on a Mac or PC, requiring a wired connection for installation on early models. Over eight years, only seven major versions were issued, reflecting infrequent updates compared to later platforms. These limitations, particularly the absence of an open app ecosystem, drove the transition to tvOS in , enabling native app development and distribution to elevate the from a media extender to a full-fledged operating system. The software primarily supported the first three generations of Apple TV hardware, with the third-generation model serving as the primary recipient for versions up to 7.x.

Early tvOS releases (tvOS 9–12)

tvOS 9, released on October 30, 2015, marked the debut of Apple's dedicated operating system for the fourth-generation , introducing the tvOS App Store for the first time and enabling third-party app development via the tvOS SDK. The system emphasized a single-user experience, with the new providing touch-based navigation and voice control integration for searching content across apps and services. This version laid the groundwork for an app-centric ecosystem, supporting basic media playback and streaming while focusing on seamless integration with devices. A minor update, tvOS 9.2, arrived on March 21, 2016, adding support for multilingual in languages such as U.S. Spanish and French Canadian, along with features like app folders, keyboard compatibility, and Photo Library integration. tvOS 10, released on September 13, 2016, expanded user convenience with , allowing authentication across multiple video apps using a single set of pay-TV credentials. It also introduced second-screen experiences, enabling devices to display additional content or controls during Apple TV app usage, and new aerial screensavers featuring drone footage of global landscapes. Other enhancements included a dark mode interface option and improved capabilities for searching and controlling HomeKit accessories directly from the . tvOS 11, released on September 19, 2017, coincided with the launch of the Apple TV 4K and brought support for (HDR) video formats like and , as well as audio on compatible hardware. The update introduced Zero Sign-On for select cable providers, streamlining access to premium content by automatically verifying user credentials via network detection, though full rollout occurred later. Additional features encompassed automatic switching between light and dark modes based on ambient light, iCloud syncing of the home screen layout across devices, and native AirPods pairing. tvOS 12, released on September 17, 2018, enhanced audio immersion with full Dolby Atmos spatial sound support, enabling dynamic object-based audio playback on Apple TV 4K. It also integrated Screen Time tools for monitoring usage and setting limits on app and device activity, marking the first such parental controls on the platform. Zero Sign-On was expanded for broader provider compatibility, further reducing login friction for authenticated streaming services. Throughout tvOS 9 to 12, Apple prioritized building a robust app ecosystem, with the tvOS growing to approximately 5,000 apps by the end of , encompassing streaming services, games, and productivity tools. These releases focused on media enhancements and user authentication, evolving the platform from its pre-tvOS roots in Software while maintaining a single-user orientation.

Modern tvOS releases (tvOS 13–18)

tvOS 13, released on September 24, 2019, introduced multi-user accounts to allow multiple people in a to maintain personalized profiles with individual recommendations, watch histories, and sign-ins, enhancing shared device usability. This version also launched , a subscription-based gaming service offering over 100 ad-free titles optimized for , integrating seamlessly with controllers for immersive play. Additionally, tvOS 13 added widgets and full-screen previews for apps, providing quick access to content like trending shows without opening applications. Building on multi-user foundations from earlier releases, tvOS 14, released on September 16, 2020, enhanced multi-device integration with support for Apple TV+ content, enabling users to watch videos in a floating window while navigating other apps or the . It also integrated HomeKit cameras directly into the Control Center for easy live viewing and control, streamlining smart home management across Apple ecosystems. Privacy advancements continued with the introduction of App Tracking Transparency in tvOS 14.5, requiring apps to obtain explicit user permission before tracking activity across other apps and websites, thereby empowering users to limit data collection. tvOS 15, released on September 20, 2021, further emphasized social and audio integration by introducing SharePlay, which allows synchronized viewing and listening experiences with friends via , bridging tvOS with and other devices for real-time shared entertainment. Spatial audio support was added for compatible content, delivering immersive, three-dimensional sound that adapts to the listener's position, enhancing cinematic experiences on Apple TV 4K. In tvOS 16, released on September 12, 2022, multi-device continuity expanded with the addition of Continuity Camera, enabling or cameras to serve as webcams for Mac apps displayed on , facilitating seamless hybrid work setups. Game controller enhancements improved support for third-party controllers like PlayStation and , with better haptic feedback and customization options, making and other games more accessible across gaming ecosystems. tvOS 17, released on September 18, 2023, marked a significant step in communication integration by bringing the app to Apple TV 4K, allowing users to initiate and join video calls directly on the TV using or as a camera source for a larger-screen experience. It also introduced live sports multi-view, enabling simultaneous display of multiple camera angles or stats during events on Apple TV+, which integrates with HomeKit for enhanced viewing in smart home environments. tvOS 18, released on September 16, 2024, advanced with AI-powered upgrades through Apple Intelligence, improving natural language understanding and contextual responses for voice commands in and smart home control, while maintaining on-device processing for . Child safety accounts were introduced as a profile type within multi-user support, offering like restricted app access and usage limits tailored for younger users. It also introduced accessibility features in the Automatic Subtitles settings, including "Show on Skip Back," which temporarily displays subtitles for up to 30 seconds when skipping back with the Siri Remote to help catch missed dialogue, and the related "Show When Muted" option that activates subtitles when audio is muted. These options are located in Settings > Video and Audio > Automatic Subtitles. Throughout these versions, remained a core theme, with ongoing refinements to App Tracking Transparency and secure data handling; security patches extended up to tvOS 18.3, addressing vulnerabilities in and kernel components to protect against exploits.

Recent tvOS releases (tvOS 19–26)

At WWDC 2025 on June 9, Apple announced tvOS 26, skipping versions 19 through 25 as part of a new year-based numbering scheme unified across its operating systems (, , macOS, etc.), where "26" represents the release season from September 2025 to September 2026. This version previewed enhanced Apple Intelligence integration for capabilities, such as conversational queries and third-party app support in contexts, along with design elements inspired by , including translucent interfaces for a more immersive experience. tvOS 26, released on September 15, 2025, marked a significant overhaul with the introduction of the Liquid Glass UI design, a translucent and expressive interface unified across Apple's platforms for more immersive navigation and app experiences. Key features included Apple Intelligence-powered personalization, such as automatic user profile detection via for tailored recommendations, and social enhancements like Sing, enabling iPhone-based with lyrics translation support. The update also expanded with live captions in multiple languages (French, German, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, and Spanish) and custom contact photos, alongside new Aerial screensavers from and permanent speaker pairing options. These additions emphasized on-device processing via the A17 Pro chip's 35 TOPS Neural Engine, enabling faster AI-driven tasks like content curation and HomeKit automation without cloud dependency. tvOS 26.1, released on November 3, 2025, delivered bug fixes and performance improvements, addressing issues like audio sync problems in streaming apps and UI lag on second-generation 4K models. It included minor updates to for better call notifications and Fitness app integrations for smoother workout tracking, while introducing the rebranded Apple TV+ service with a new visual and sonic logo for enhanced streaming identity. Security enhancements patched vulnerabilities in the Apple Neural Engine, ensuring robust protection for AI features on compatible devices. Overall, tvOS 26.1 refined the Liquid Glass experience, prioritizing stability and on-device optimizations for the growing Apple TV ecosystem.

References

  1. https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/tvOS
  2. https://support.apple.com/en-us/106336
  3. https://developer.apple.com/tvos/
  4. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/KernelProgramming/Architecture/Architecture.html
  5. https://www.wired.com/2013/09/apple-tv-updated/
  6. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2015/09/09Apple-Brings-Innovation-Back-to-Television-with-The-All-New-Apple-TV/
  7. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/09/apple-tv-4k-brings-home-the-magic-of-cinema-with-4k-and-hdr/
  8. https://www.osdevicesupport.com/tvos/tvos-11-compatible-devices/
  9. https://everymac.com/systems/apple/apple-tv/specs/apple-tv-4k-5th-generation-2017-specs.html
  10. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2019/06/tvos-13-powers-the-most-personal-cinematic-experience-ever/
  11. https://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1569329916
  12. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/06/tvos-17-brings-facetime-and-video-conferencing-to-apple-tv-4k/
  13. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/06/apple-tv-brings-a-beautiful-redesign-and-enhanced-home-entertainment-experience/
  14. https://tidbits.com/issues/1776/
  15. https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/12/14/apple-makes-tvos-143-update-available-including-apple-fitness-support-new-content-navigation
  16. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/06/updates-to-the-home-experience-elevate-entertainment-and-bring-more-convenience/
  17. https://www.businessofapps.com/data/apple-statistics/
  18. https://backlinko.com/apple-statistics
  19. https://developer.apple.com/app-store/user-privacy-and-data-use/
  20. https://help.adjust.com/en/article/app-tracking-transparency-att-framework
  21. https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/designing-for-tvos
  22. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/rearrange-apps-on-the-home-screen-atvbad14dc6a/tvos
  23. https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/top-shelf
  24. https://support.apple.com/en-us/106002
  25. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/about-focus-interactions-for-apple-tv
  26. https://support.apple.com/en-us/106342
  27. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/navigate-control-center-atvb0a416871/tvos
  28. https://support.apple.com/en-us/103233
  29. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/04/apple-unveils-the-next-generation-of-apple-tv-4k/
  30. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/accessibility-features-at-a-glance-atvbaeff85db/tvos
  31. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/use-voiceover-atvbfa4ff6cd/tvos
  32. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/adjust-voiceover-settings-atvbbcb628a8/tvos
  33. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/use-audio-descriptions-atvb372a82a4/tvos
  34. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/turn-on-closed-captions-and-sdh-atvb1d61ca06/tvos
  35. https://support.apple.com/guide/tvapp/activate-subtitles-and-captioning-atvb5ca42eb9/web
  36. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/change-subtitle-settings-atvb7d97de8b/tvos
  37. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/turn-on-live-captions-in-facetime-atvb5bca1813/tvos
  38. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/add-or-remove-user-profiles-atvb0753b37d/tvos
  39. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/switch-user-profiles-atvb5f549664/tvos
  40. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/06/13-new-innovative-technologies-and-features-unveiled-at-wwdc20/
  41. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/TVServices/building-a-full-screen-top-shelf-extension
  42. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/manage-recommendations-atvb0916ba14/tvos
  43. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/use-family-sharing-atvb26e8f089/tvos
  44. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/adjust-general-settings-atvb18c04fc0/tvos
  45. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/adjust-privacy-settings-atvb66239fa1/tvos
  46. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/09/tvos-18-is-now-available/
  47. https://www.apple.com/apple-tv-4k/
  48. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/listen-together-with-two-pairs-of-headphones-atvb1f60d443/tvos
  49. https://support.apple.com/en-us/118295
  50. https://www.apple.com/airplay/
  51. https://support.apple.com/en-us/102310
  52. https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2020/10176/
  53. https://support.apple.com/en-ca/guide/tv/atvb7944597f/tvos
  54. https://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1762236816
  55. https://help.apple.com/itc/tvpumcstyleguide/en.lproj/static.html
  56. https://support.apple.com/guide/tvapp/view-movies-and-tv-shows-in-your-library-atvb477f6302/web
  57. https://www.macrumors.com/2015/12/10/tvos-app-store-stats-after-one-month/
  58. https://42matters.com/tvos-apps-apple-tv-apps-statistics-and-trends
  59. https://www.macrumors.com/2016/09/13/apple-releases-tvos-10/
  60. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/use-siri-on-other-devices-to-control-apple-tv-atvb8f6c5cdb/tvos
  61. https://www.imore.com/how-use-shortcuts-siri-control-apple-tv
  62. https://support.apple.com/en-us/105019
  63. https://support.apple.com/en-us/108774
  64. https://support.apple.com/en-us/102313
  65. https://support.apple.com/en-us/102287
  66. https://support.apple.com/en-us/111928
  67. https://support.apple.com/en-us/111929
  68. https://support.apple.com/en-us/111922
  69. https://support.apple.com/en-us/111839
  70. https://support.apple.com/en-us/108789
  71. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/set-up-apple-tv-4k-atvb73e46488/tvos
  72. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/free-up-storage-atvb7760522d/tvos
  73. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/update-apple-tv-4k-software-atvb7e0a4ea5/tvos
  74. https://support.apple.com/en-us/108414
  75. https://beta.apple.com/
  76. https://developer.apple.com/support/install-beta/
  77. https://support.apple.com/en-us/100100
  78. https://support.apple.com/guide/deployment/software-update-process-dep02c211f3e/web
  79. https://support.apple.com/en-us/108807
  80. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/reset-apple-tv-4k-atvbf9db0a52/tvos
  81. https://www.macrumors.com/2025/06/09/tvos-26-compatible-apple-tv-models/
  82. https://support.apple.com/en-us/102290
  83. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/turn-apple-tv-on-or-off-atvb7a7550e3/tvos
  84. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/reconnect-the-remote-atvbc9953e63/tvos
  85. https://support.apple.com/en-us/103022
  86. https://support.apple.com/en-us/108046
  87. https://support.apple.com/guide/tv/use-your-iphone-or-ipad-as-a-camera-atvb45658929/tvos
  88. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/running-your-app-in-simulator-or-on-a-device
  89. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit
  90. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/tvml
  91. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/scenekit
  92. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/tvos-release-notes/tvos-14-release-notes
  93. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/realitykit
  94. https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2019/603/
  95. https://developer.apple.com/help/account/provisioning-profiles/create-an-app-store-provisioning-profile/
  96. https://developer.apple.com/testflight/
  97. https://developer.apple.com/help/app-store-connect/reference/app-preview-specifications/
  98. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Conceptual/AppleTV_PG/CreatingaGreatTextInputExperience.html
  99. https://developer.apple.com/help/app-store-connect/manage-builds/upload-builds/
  100. https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/72157
  101. https://developer.apple.com/app-store/categories/
  102. https://developer.apple.com/app-store/discoverability/
  103. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/storekit/
  104. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/storekit/in-app-purchase
  105. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/storekit/choosing-a-storekit-api-for-in-app-purchases
  106. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/avfoundation/offline-playback-and-storage
  107. https://developer.apple.com/help/account/provisioning-profiles/provisioning-profile-updates/
  108. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/bundleresources/privacy-manifest-files
  109. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/technotes/tn3181-debugging-invalid-privacy-manifest
  110. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/sslprotocol/sslprotocolall
  111. https://developer.apple.com/sf-symbols/
  112. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/updating_an_app_to_use_swift_concurrency
  113. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreml
  114. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/updates/vision
  115. https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2025/288/
  116. https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2025/287/
  117. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/tvos-release-notes/tvos-26-release-notes
  118. https://developer.apple.com/documentation/tvos-release-notes
  119. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2456/_index.html
  120. https://theapplewiki.com/wiki/Apple_TV_Software
  121. https://www.macrumors.com/2012/03/07/apple-releases-apple-tv-software-version-5-0-with-updated-interface/
  122. https://www.cnet.com/tech/home-entertainment/apple-tv-software-update-brings-beats-music-family-sharing/
  123. https://www.macrumors.com/2025/10/30/apple-tv-hd-launched-10-years-ago/
  124. https://www.macrumors.com/2015/10/30/new-apple-tv-app-store-hands-on/
  125. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Conceptual/AppleTV_PG/
  126. https://www.macrumors.com/2016/03/21/apple-releases-tvos-9-2/
  127. https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/tvos-10/
  128. https://9to5mac.com/2016/09/13/tvos-10-whats-new-apple-tv/
  129. https://www.macrumors.com/2017/09/19/apple-releases-tvos-11/
  130. https://9to5mac.com/2017/09/19/tvos-11-release/
  131. https://appleinsider.com/articles/18/09/17/apple-rolls-out-tvos-12-with-dolby-atmos-zero-sign-on-more
  132. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/06/apple-tv-4k-delivers-highest-quality-cinematic-experience-with-tvos-12/
  133. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/10/apple-introduces-the-powerful-next-generation-apple-tv-4k/
  134. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/tvos-17-available-now-bringing-facetime-to-apple-tv-4k/
  135. https://support.apple.com/en-us/122072
  136. https://www.macrumors.com/2025/06/05/tvos-26-what-to-expect/
  137. https://www.macrumors.com/2025/09/15/apple-releases-tvos-26/
  138. https://apple.gadgethacks.com/news/apple-tv-4k-2025-a17-pro-chip-finally-brings-ai/
  139. https://www.macrumors.com/2025/11/03/apple-releases-tvos-26-1/
  140. https://support.apple.com/en-us/125637
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.