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Sundanese script
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Sundanese script
Standard Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ) is a traditional writing system used by the Sundanese people to write the Sundanese language. It is based on the Old Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Kuno) which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries.
Old Sundanese was developed based on the Pallava script of India, and was used from the 14th until the 18th centuries. The last manuscript written in Old Sundanese script was the Carita Waruga Guru. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Sundanese was mostly spoken and not written. Javanese and Pegon scripts were used to write Sundanese during this period. In 1996, the government of West Java announced a plan to introduce an official Sundanese script, and in October 1997, the Old Sundanese script was chosen and renamed to Aksara Sunda.
The standardized script has 32 basic characters: seven vowels, 23 consonants, and thirteen phonetic diacritics (Sundanese: rarangkén). There are also numerals from zero to nine.
Each consonant (Sundanese: aksara ngalagéna) carries an inherent vowel 'a', so that each consonant letter is pronounced as a syllable. The original eighteen consonants are ka-ga-nga, ca-ja-nya, ta-da-na, pa-ba-ma, ya-ra-la, wa-sa-ha.
An additional five consonants, fa-va-qa-xa-za have been added in order to improve the script as a tool for recording the development of the Sundanese language, especially regarding the adoption of foreign words and sounds. The new glyphs have been developed through re-use of letters found in the old Sundanese script. For example, the letters fa and va are variants of Old Sundanese pa; qa and xa are variants of Old Sundanese ka; and za is a variant of Old Sundanese ja.
There are two non-standard consonants, kha and sha, used for transcribing the Arabic consonants خ and ش.
There are seven independent vowels, a, é, i, o, u, e, and eu, each of which has an independent form and a rarangkén or diacritic. A basic consonant-vowel syllable is formed by adding a vowel diacritic to a consonant. The vowel diacritic replaces the consonant's inherent 'a' or, in the case of the "killer stroke" (pamaéh) removes the vowel entirely, creating an isolated consonant.
Additional diacritics are used to alter the consonants of a syllable.
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Sundanese script
Standard Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ) is a traditional writing system used by the Sundanese people to write the Sundanese language. It is based on the Old Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Kuno) which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries.
Old Sundanese was developed based on the Pallava script of India, and was used from the 14th until the 18th centuries. The last manuscript written in Old Sundanese script was the Carita Waruga Guru. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Sundanese was mostly spoken and not written. Javanese and Pegon scripts were used to write Sundanese during this period. In 1996, the government of West Java announced a plan to introduce an official Sundanese script, and in October 1997, the Old Sundanese script was chosen and renamed to Aksara Sunda.
The standardized script has 32 basic characters: seven vowels, 23 consonants, and thirteen phonetic diacritics (Sundanese: rarangkén). There are also numerals from zero to nine.
Each consonant (Sundanese: aksara ngalagéna) carries an inherent vowel 'a', so that each consonant letter is pronounced as a syllable. The original eighteen consonants are ka-ga-nga, ca-ja-nya, ta-da-na, pa-ba-ma, ya-ra-la, wa-sa-ha.
An additional five consonants, fa-va-qa-xa-za have been added in order to improve the script as a tool for recording the development of the Sundanese language, especially regarding the adoption of foreign words and sounds. The new glyphs have been developed through re-use of letters found in the old Sundanese script. For example, the letters fa and va are variants of Old Sundanese pa; qa and xa are variants of Old Sundanese ka; and za is a variant of Old Sundanese ja.
There are two non-standard consonants, kha and sha, used for transcribing the Arabic consonants خ and ش.
There are seven independent vowels, a, é, i, o, u, e, and eu, each of which has an independent form and a rarangkén or diacritic. A basic consonant-vowel syllable is formed by adding a vowel diacritic to a consonant. The vowel diacritic replaces the consonant's inherent 'a' or, in the case of the "killer stroke" (pamaéh) removes the vowel entirely, creating an isolated consonant.
Additional diacritics are used to alter the consonants of a syllable.
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