Iftar

Iftar (Arabic: إفطار, romanized: ifṭār) is the fast-breaking evening meal of Muslims in Ramadan at the time of adhan (call to prayer) of the Maghrib prayer.

Iftar is the second meal of the day; during Ramadan, the daily fast begins immediately after the pre-dawn meal of suhur and continues during the daylight hours, ending at sunset with the evening meal of iftar.

In 2023, UNESCO added iftar to its list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

The history of iftar is confirmedly deep-rooted in Islamic tradition. It traces its roots to the life of Islamic Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, when he broke his fast with food and water, establishing a tradition widely emulated by Muslims around the world. The communal aspect of iftar where meals are shared among people help ensure solidarity and community ties.

Iftar has evolved into a rich socio-cultural tradition, this was especially evident during the Islamic Golden Age when affluent individuals would host lavish meals to encourage charity and unity among Muslims. Over time, this practice spread across Muslim-majority countries. Example of such, is the tradition of hosting iftar at the Imam Reza shrine in Iran which has been ongoing for 332 years, highlighting iftar's deep cultural roots. In recognition of its importance, UNESCO designated iftar as an Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2023, celebrating its role in fostering family ties, promoting charity, and preserving cultural heritage.

Up till today, iftar practices differ across regions and countries but it continue to hold deep spiritual and communal significance. Breaking the fast traditionally begins with dates and water, but the dishes served are influenced by local cultures. In South Asia, fried snacks are popular; in the Middle East, large communal tables represent generosity; and in colder climates like Turkey, hearty soups are preferred. Despite obstacles like poverty or conflict in some places, iftar remains a powerful symbol of gratitude, reflection, and connection for Muslims worldwide.

Iftar is one of the religious observances of Ramadan, and is often done as a community, with Muslim people gathering to break their fast together. The meal is taken just after the call to the Maghrib prayer, which is around sunset. Traditionally three dates are eaten to break the fast, in emulation of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, who broke his fast in this manner, but this is not mandatory. Muslims believe that feeding someone iftar as a form of Sadaqah/Zakat/charity is very rewarding and that such was practised by Muhammad.

Some Hadith also state that Muhammad used to read the following dua at iftar: