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January 9
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January 9 is the ninth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 356 days remain until the end of the year (357 in leap years).
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| 2017 (Monday) |
| 2016 (Saturday) |
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.[1]
- 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimated 32,300.[2]
- 1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song period.[3]
- 1349 – The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.[4]
- 1431 – The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen.[5]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1693 – Sicily earthquake: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people.[6]
- 1760 – Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.[7]
- 1787 – The nationally known image of the Black Nazarene in the Philippines was transferred from what is now Rizal Park to its present shrine in the minor basilica of Quiapo Church. This is annually commemorated through its Traslación (solemn transfer) in the streets of Manila and is attended by millions of devotees.[8][9][10]
- 1788 – Connecticut becomes the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution.[11]
- 1792 – Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is signed, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92.[12]
- 1793 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.[13]
- 1799 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.[14]
- 1806 – Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a state funeral and is interred in St Paul's Cathedral.[15]
- 1816 – Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.[16]
- 1822 – The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence process.[17]
- 1839 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.[18]
- 1857 – The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).[19]
- 1858 – British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong[20]
- 1861 – American Civil War: "Star of the West" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina.[21]
- 1861 – Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.[22]
- 1878 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy.[23]
1901–present
[edit]- 1903 – Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.[24]
- 1909 – Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles (180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached at that time.
- 1914 – The Phi Beta Sigma fraternity is founded by African-American students at Howard University in Washington D.C., United States.[25]
- 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.[26]
- 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Rafa is fought near the Egyptian border with Palestine.[27]
- 1918 – Battle of Bear Valley: The last battle of the American Indian Wars.[28]
- 1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence: The All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee outlaws the Makhnovshchina by decree, igniting the Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict.[29]
- 1921 – Greco-Turkish War: The First Battle of İnönü, the first battle of the war, begins near Eskişehir in Anatolia.[30]
- 1923 – Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight.[31]
- 1923 – Lithuanian residents of the Memel Territory rebel against the League of Nations' decision to leave the area as a mandated region under French control.
- 1927 – A fire at the Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children.[32]
- 1941 – World War II: First flight of the Avro Lancaster.[33]
- 1945 – World War II: The Sixth United States Army begins the invasion of Lingayen Gulf.[34]
- 1957 – British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigns from office following his failure to retake the Suez Canal from Egyptian sovereignty.[35]
- 1959 – The Vega de Tera dam fails, triggering a disastrous flood that nearly destroys the town of Ribadelago and kills 144 residents.[36]
- 1960 – President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile.[37]
- 1961 – British authorities announce they have uncovered the Soviet Portland spy ring in London.
- 1962 – Apollo program: NASA announces plans to build the C-5 rocket launch vehicle, then known as the "Advanced Saturn", to carry human beings to the Moon.[38]
- 1964 – Martyrs' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag in the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U.S. military and Panamanian civilians.
- 1991 – Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.[39]
- 1992 – The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia.
- 1992 – The first discoveries of extrasolar planets are announced by astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail. They discovered two planets orbiting the pulsar PSR 1257+12.[40]
- 1996 – First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in the neighboring Dagestan, which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians.
- 1997 – Comair Flight 3272 crashes in Raisinville Township in Monroe County, Michigan, killing 29 people.[41]
- 2003 – TANS Perú Flight 222 crashes on approach to Chachapoyas Airport in Chachapoyas, Peru, killing 46 people.[42]
- 2004 – An inflatable boat carrying illegal Albanian emigrants stalls near the Karaburun Peninsula en route to Brindisi, Italy; exposure to the elements kills 28. This is the second deadliest marine disaster in Albanian history.[43]
- 2005 – Mahmoud Abbas wins the election to succeed Yasser Arafat as President of the Palestinian National Authority, replacing interim president Rawhi Fattouh.[44]
- 2005 – The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War.[45]
- 2007 – Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco.[46]
- 2011 – Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Urmia in the northwest of the country, in icy conditions, killing 78 people.[47]
- 2014 – An explosion at a Mitsubishi Materials chemical plant in Yokkaichi, Japan, kills at least five people and injures 17 others.[48]
- 2015 – The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris two days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation; a second hostage situation, related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish market in Vincennes.[49]
- 2015 – A mass poisoning at a funeral in Mozambique involving beer that was contaminated with Burkholderia gladioli leaves 75 dead and over 230 people ill.[50]
- 2021 – Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashes north of Jakarta, Indonesia, killing all 62 people on board.[51]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 727 – Emperor Daizong of Tang (died 779)
- 1304 – Hōjō Takatoki, Japanese shikken of the Kamakura bakufu (died 1333)[52][unreliable source?]
- 1418 – Juan Ramón Folch III de Cardona, Aragonese admiral (died 1485)
- 1554 – Pope Gregory XV (died 1623)[53]
- 1571 – Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, French commander (died 1621)
- 1590 – Simon Vouet, French painter (died 1649)[54]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1606 – William Dugard, English printer (died 1662)[55]
- 1624 – Empress Meishō of Japan (died 1696)[56]
- 1645 – Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet, English noble and politician (date baptized;[57] (died 1712)
- 1674 – Reinhard Keiser, German composer (died 1739)[58]
- 1685 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch philologist and critic (died 1766)[59]
- 1728 – Thomas Warton, English poet, historian, and critic (died 1790)
- 1735 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, English admiral and politician (died 1823)
- 1745 – Caleb Strong, American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1819)
- 1753 – Luísa Todi, Portuguese soprano and actress (died 1833)[60]
- 1773 – Cassandra Austen, English painter and illustrator (died 1845)[61]
- 1778 – Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi, Turkish Ney player and composer (died 1846)[62]
- 1811 – Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English journalist and author (died 1856)
- 1818 – Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (died 1881)
- 1819 – James Francis, English-Australian businessman and politician, 9th Premier of Victoria (died 1884)
- 1822 – Carol Benesch, Czech-Romanian architect, designed the Peleș Castle (died 1896)
- 1823 – Friedrich von Esmarch, German surgeon and academic (died 1908)
- 1829 – Thomas William Robertson, English director and playwright (died 1871)
- 1829 – Adolf Schlagintweit, German botanist and explorer (died 1857)
- 1832 – Félix-Gabriel Marchand, Canadian journalist and politician, 11th Premier of Quebec (died 1900)
- 1839 – John Knowles Paine, American composer and academic (died 1906)
- 1848 – Princess Frederica of Hanover (died 1926)[63]
- 1849 – John Hartley, English tennis player (died 1935)
- 1854 – Jennie Jerome, American-born wife of Lord Randolph Churchill, mother of Sir Winston Churchill (died 1921)[64]
- 1856 – Anton Aškerc, Slovenian priest and poet (died 1912)
- 1859 – Carrie Chapman Catt, American activist, founded the League of Women Voters and International Alliance of Women (died 1947)[65]
- 1864 – Vladimir Steklov, Russian mathematician and physicist (died 1926)
- 1868 – S. P. L. Sørensen, Danish chemist and academic (died 1939)[66]
- 1870 – Joseph Strauss, American engineer, co-designed the Golden Gate Bridge (died 1938)
- 1873 – Hayim Nahman Bialik, Ukrainian-Austrian journalist, author, and poet (died 1934)
- 1873 – Thomas Curtis, American sprinter and hurdler (died 1944)
- 1873 – John Flanagan, Irish-American hammer thrower (died 1938)
- 1875 – Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor and art collector, founded the Whitney Museum of American Art (died 1942)[67]
- 1879 – John B. Watson, American psychologist and academic (died 1958)
- 1881 – Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic (died 1938)
- 1881 – Giovanni Papini, Italian journalist, author, and poet (died 1956)
- 1885 – Charles Bacon, American runner and hurdler (died 1968)
- 1886 – Lloyd Loar, American sound engineer and instrument designer (died 1943)
- 1889 – Vrindavan Lal Verma, Indian author and playwright (died 1969)
- 1890 – Karel Čapek, Czech author and playwright (died 1938)[68]
- 1890 – Kurt Tucholsky, German-Swedish journalist and author (died 1935)
- 1892 – Eva Bowring, American lawyer and politician (died 1985)
- 1893 – Edwin Baker, Canadian soldier and educator, co-founded the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (died 1968)
- 1896 – Warwick Braithwaite, New Zealand-English conductor and director (died 1971)
- 1897 – Karl Löwith, German philosopher, author, and academic (died 1973)
- 1897 – Halyna Kuzmenko, Ukrainian teacher and anarchist revolutionary (died 1978)[69]
- 1898 – Gracie Fields, English actress and singer (died 1979)[70]
- 1899 – Harald Tammer, Estonian journalist and weightlifter (died 1942)
- 1900 – Richard Halliburton, American journalist and author (died 1939)
1901–present
[edit]- 1901 – Vilma Bánky, Hungarian-American actress (died 1991)
- 1902 – Rudolf Bing, American impresario and businessman (died 1997)
- 1902 – Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and saint, founded Opus Dei (died 1975)
- 1908 – Simone de Beauvoir, French philosopher and author (died 1986)[71]
- 1909 – Anthony Mamo, Maltese lawyer and politician, 1st President of Malta (died 2008)
- 1909 – Patrick Peyton, Irish-American priest, television personality, and activist (died 1992)
- 1912 – Basil Langton, English actor, director, photographer, and teacher (died 2003)[72]
- 1912 – Ralph Tubbs, English architect, designed the Dome of Discovery (died 1996)
- 1913 – Richard Nixon, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 37th President of the United States (died 1994)[73]
- 1914 – Kenny Clarke, American jazz drummer and bandleader (died 1985)
- 1915 – Fernando Lamas, Argentinian-American actor, singer, and director (died 1982)[74]
- 1915 – Anita Louise, American actress (died 1970)
- 1918 – Alma Ziegler, American baseball player and golfer (died 2005)
- 1919 – William Morris Meredith, Jr., American poet and academic (died 2007)[75]
- 1920 – Clive Dunn, English actor (died 2012)[76]
- 1920 – Hakim Said, Pakistani scholar and politician, 20th Governor of Sindh (died 1998)
- 1921 – Ágnes Keleti, Hungarian Olympic gymnast (died 2025)[77][78]
- 1922 – Har Gobind Khorana, Indian-American biochemist and academic, Nobel laureate (died 2011)
- 1922 – Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea (died 1984)
- 1924 – Sergei Parajanov, Georgian-Armenian director and screenwriter (died 1990)
- 1925 – Len Quested, English footballer and manager (died 2012)[79]
- 1925 – Lee Van Cleef, American actor (died 1989)[80]
- 1926 – Jean-Pierre Côté, Canadian lawyer and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (died 2002)
- 1928 – Judith Krantz, American novelist (died 2019)[81]
- 1928 – Domenico Modugno, Italian singer-songwriter, actor, and politician (died 1994)[82]
- 1929 – Brian Friel, Irish author, playwright, and director (died 2015)
- 1929 – Heiner Müller, German poet, playwright, and director (died 1995)
- 1931 – Algis Budrys, Lithuanian-American author and critic (died 2008)[83]
- 1933 – Roy Dwight, English footballer (died 2002)[84]
- 1933 – Wilbur Smith, Zambian-English journalist and author (died 2021)[85]
- 1934 – Bart Starr, American football player and coach (died 2019)[81]
- 1935 – Bob Denver, American actor (died 2005)[81]
- 1935 – Dick Enberg, American sportscaster (died 2017)[81]
- 1935 – John Graham, New Zealand rugby player and educator (died 2017)
- 1935 – Brian Harradine, Australian politician (died 2014)
- 1936 – K Callan, American actress and author[86]
- 1936 – Marko Veselica, Croatian academic and politician (died 2017)
- 1938 – Claudette Boyer, Canadian educator and politician (died 2013)
- 1939 – Susannah York, English actress and activist (died 2011)[81]
- 1940 – Barbara Buczek, Polish composer (died 1993)
- 1940 – Ruth Dreifuss, Swiss journalist and politician, 86th President of the Swiss Confederation[87]
- 1941 – Joan Baez, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and activist[88]
- 1943 – Robert Drewe, Australian author and playwright
- 1943 – Elmer MacFadyen, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 2007)
- 1943 – Scott Walker, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (died 2019)[89]
- 1944 – Harun Farocki, German filmmaker (died 2014)[90]
- 1944 – Jimmy Page, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer[91]
- 1944 – Mihalis Violaris, Cypriot singer-songwriter and actor
- 1945 – John Doman, American actor[86]
- 1945 – Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Syrian-Armenian scholar and politician, 1st President of Armenia[92]
- 1946 – Mohammad Ishaq Khan, Indian historian and academic (died 2013)
- 1946 – Mogens Lykketoft, Danish politician, 45th Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs[93]
- 1948 – Bill Cowsill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2006)[94]
- 1948 – Jan Tomaszewski, Polish footballer, manager, and politician[95]
- 1950 – Alec Jeffreys, English geneticist and academic[96]
- 1950 – David Johansen, American singer-songwriter and actor (died 2025)[97][86]
- 1951 – M. L. Carr, American basketball player, coach, and executive[98]
- 1951 – Crystal Gayle, American singer-songwriter and producer[99]
- 1952 – Kaushik Basu, Indian economist and academic[100]
- 1954 – Philippa Gregory, Kenyan-English author and academic[101]
- 1955 – Bruce Boudreau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach[102]
- 1955 – J. K. Simmons, American actor[103]
- 1956 – Waltraud Meier, German soprano and actress
- 1956 – Imelda Staunton, English actress and singer[104]
- 1957 – Phil Lewis, English musician, singer and songwriter
- 1958 – Rob McClanahan, American ice hockey player[105]
- 1958 – Mehmet Ali Ağca, Turkish assassin[106]
- 1959 – Rigoberta Menchú, Guatemalan activist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate[81]
- 1960 – Lisa Walters, Canadian golfer
- 1961 – Didier Camberabero, French rugby player
- 1962 – Ray Houghton, Scottish-born footballer
- 1963 – Eric Erlandson, American musician and songwriter[86]
- 1963 – Irwin McLean, Northern Irish biologist and academic
- 1965 – Muggsy Bogues, American basketball player[107]
- 1965 – Haddaway, Trinidadian-German singer and musician
- 1965 – Joely Richardson, English actress[108]
- 1967 – Matt Bevin, American politician, 62nd Governor of Kentucky[109]
- 1967 – Claudio Caniggia, Argentinian footballer[110]
- 1967 – David Costabile, American actor[86]
- 1967 – Steve Harwell, American rock singer (died 2023)[111]
- 1967 – Dave Matthews, South African-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor[81]
- 1968 – Jimmy Adams, Jamaican cricketer and coach
- 1968 – Joey Lauren Adams, American actress
- 1968 – Giorgos Theofanous, Greek-Cypriot composer and producer
- 1970 – Lara Fabian, Belgian-Italian singer-songwriter and actress
- 1971 – Angie Martinez, American rapper, actress, and radio host
- 1973 – Angela Bettis, American actress, director, and producer[86]
- 1973 – Sean Paul, Jamaican rapper, singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, and actor[81]
- 1974 – Omari Hardwick, American actor[112]
- 1975 – James Beckford, Jamaican long jumper
- 1976 – Radek Bonk, Czech ice hockey player
- 1978 – Mathieu Garon, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1978 – Gennaro Gattuso, Italian footballer and manager
- 1978 – Chad Johnson, American football player[113]
- 1978 – AJ McLean, American singer, dancer, and actor[114]
- 1980 – Édgar Álvarez, Honduran footballer
- 1980 – Sergio García, Spanish golfer[115]
- 1980 – Shaun Hill, American football player[116]
- 1980 – Luke Patten, Australian rugby league player and referee[117]
- 1980 – Francisco Pavón, Spanish footballer
- 1981 – Ebi Smolarek, Polish footballer and manager
- 1982 – Catherine, Princess of Wales[118]
- 1982 – Sharrod Ford, American basketball player[119]
- 1985 – Juan Francisco Torres, Spanish footballer
- 1986 – Raphael Diaz, Swiss ice hockey player[120]
- 1986 – Jéferson Gomes, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – Amanda Mynhardt, South African netball player
- 1987 – Lucas Leiva, Brazilian footballer
- 1987 – Paolo Nutini, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist[121]
- 1987 – Jami Puustinen, Finnish footballer
- 1988 – Lee Yeon-hee, South Korean actress
- 1989 – Michael Beasley, American basketball player
- 1989 – Nina Dobrev, Bulgarian-Canadian actress[122]
- 1989 – Yana Maksimava, Belarusian heptathlete
- 1989 – Samardo Samuels, Jamaican-American basketball player[123]
- 1989 – Chris Sandow, Australian rugby league player[124]
- 1989 – Haris Sohail, Pakistani cricketer[125]
- 1991 – Ruby Soho, American wrestler[126]
- 1991 – Álvaro Soler, Spanish singer-songwriter
- 1992 – Jack Campbell, American ice hockey player[127]
- 1992 – Terrence Jones, American basketball player[128]
- 1992 – Joseph Parker, Samoan heavyweight boxer[129]
- 1993 – Katarina Johnson-Thompson, English long jumper and heptathlete[130]
- 1993 – Marcus Peters, American football player[131]
- 1994 – Radek Faksa, Czech ice hockey player[132]
- 1995 – Braden Hamlin-Uele, New Zealand rugby league player[133]
- 1995 – Dominik Livaković, Croatian football goalkeeper[134]
- 1995 – Nicola Peltz, American actress[135]
- 1996 – Vítek Vaněček, Czech ice hockey player[136]
- 1998 – Kerris Dorsey, American actress[86]
- 1998 – Brent Rivera, American social media personality and actor[137]
- 2000 – Luka Šamanić, Croatian basketball player[138]
- 2001 – Peter Mamouzelos, Australian rugby league player[139]
- 2001 – Zeke Nnaji, American basketball player[140]
- 2004 – Souhardya De, Indian author and columnist[141]
Deaths
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 710 – Adrian of Canterbury, abbot and scholar[142]
- 1150 – Emperor Xizong of Jin (born 1119)
- 1282 – Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi, Minorcan ruler (born 1204)
- 1283 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese general and scholar (born 1236)[143]
- 1367 – Giulia della Rena, Italian saint (born 1319)
- 1450 – Adam Moleyns, Bishop of Chichester
- 1463 – William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent, English soldier (born 1405)
- 1499 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1455)
- 1511 – Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek scholar and academic (born 1423)
- 1514 – Anne of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France and Louis XII of France (born 1477)
- 1529 – Wang Yangming, Chinese Neo-Confucian scholar (born 1472)
- 1534 – Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (born 1477)
- 1543 – Guillaume du Bellay, French general and diplomat (born 1491)[144]
- 1561 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese warlord (born 1514)
- 1571 – Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French admiral (born 1510)
- 1598 – Jasper Heywood, English poet and scholar (born 1553)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1612 – Leonard Holliday, Lord Mayor of London (born 1550)
- 1622 – Alix Le Clerc, French Canoness Regular and foundress (born 1576)[145]
- 1757 – Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, French author, poet, and playwright (born 1657)[146]
- 1762 – Antonio de Benavides, colonial governor of Florida (born 1678)[147]
- 1766 – Thomas Birch, English historian and author (born 1705)
- 1799 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician and philosopher (born 1718)[148]
- 1800 – Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (born 1762)
- 1805 – Noble Wimberly Jones, American physician and politician (born 1723)
- 1833 – Adrien-Marie Legendre, French mathematician and theorist (born 1752)
- 1843 – William Hedley, English engineer (born 1773)[149]
- 1848 – Caroline Herschel, German-English astronomer (born 1750)[150]
- 1856 – Neophytos Vamvas, Greek cleric and educator (born 1770)
- 1858 – Anson Jones, American physician and politician; 4th President of the Republic of Texas (born 1798)
- 1873 – Napoleon III, French politician, 1st President of France (born 1808)
- 1876 – Samuel Gridley Howe, American physician and activist (born 1801)
- 1878 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (born 1820)
- 1895 – Aaron Lufkin Dennison, American-English businessman (born 1812)
1901–present
[edit]- 1901 – Richard Copley Christie, English lawyer and academic (born 1830)
- 1908 – Wilhelm Busch, German poet, illustrator, and painter (born 1832)
- 1908 – Abraham Goldfaden, Russian actor, playwright, and author (born 1840)
- 1911 – Edwin Arthur Jones, American violinist and composer (born 1853)
- 1911 – Edvard Rusjan, Italian-Slovene pilot and engineer (born 1886)
- 1917 – Luther D. Bradley, American cartoonist (born 1853)
- 1918 – Charles-Émile Reynaud, French scientist and educator, invented the Praxinoscope (born 1844)
- 1923 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand novelist, short story writer, and essayist (born 1888)
- 1924 – Ponnambalam Arunachalam, Sri Lankan civil servant and politician (born 1853)
- 1927 – Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-German philosopher and author (born 1855)
- 1930 – Edward Bok, Dutch-American journalist and author (born 1863)
- 1931 – Wayne Munn, American football player and wrestler (born 1896)
- 1936 – John Gilbert, American actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1899)
- 1939 – Johann Strauss III, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (born 1866)
- 1941 – Dimitrios Golemis, Greek runner (born 1874)
- 1945 – Shigekazu Shimazaki, Japanese admiral and pilot (born 1908)
- 1945 – Jüri Uluots, Estonian journalist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (born 1890)
- 1945 – Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Turkish journalist, author, and playwright (born 1890)
- 1946 – Countee Cullen, American poet and playwright (born 1903)
- 1947 – Karl Mannheim, Hungarian-English sociologist and academic (born 1893)
- 1960 – Elsie J. Oxenham, English author and educator (born 1880)
- 1961 – Emily Greene Balch, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1867)
- 1964 – Halide Edib Adıvar, Turkish author and academic (born 1884)
- 1971 – Elmer Flick, American baseball player and scout (born 1876)
- 1972 – Ted Shawn, American dancer and choreographer (born 1891)
- 1975 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor and screenwriter (born 1897)
- 1975 – Pyotr Novikov, Russian mathematician and theorist (born 1901)
- 1979 – Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian engineer and architect, designed the Tour de la Bourse and Pirelli Tower (born 1891)
- 1981 – Kazimierz Serocki, Polish pianist and composer (born 1922)
- 1984 – Bob Dyer, American-Australian radio and television host (born 1909)
- 1985 – Robert Mayer, German-English businessman and philanthropist (born 1879)
- 1987 – Arthur Lake, American actor (born 1905)
- 1988 – Peter L. Rypdal, Norwegian fiddler and composer (born 1909)
- 1990 – Spud Chandler, American baseball player, coach, and manager (born 1907)
- 1990 – Cemal Süreya, Turkish poet and journalist (born 1931)
- 1992 – Steve Brodie, American actor (born 1919)
- 1992 – Bill Naughton, English playwright and screenwriter (born 1910)
- 1993 – Paul Hasluck, Australian historian and politician, Governor-General of Australia (born 1905)[151]
- 1995 – Souphanouvong, Laotian politician, 1st President of Laos (born 1909)
- 1995 – Peter Cook, English actor and screenwriter (born 1937)
- 1996 – Walter M. Miller, Jr., American soldier and author (born 1923)
- 1996 – Abdullah al-Qasemi, Saudi atheist, writer, and intellectual (born 1907)
- 1997 – Edward Osóbka-Morawski, Polish politician, Prime Minister of Poland (born 1909)
- 1997 – Jesse White, American actor (born 1917)
- 1998 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)
- 1998 – Imi Lichtenfeld, Slovakian-Israeli martial artist, founded Krav Maga (born 1910)
- 2000 – Arnold Alexander Hall, English engineer and academic (born 1915)
- 2000 – Nigel Tranter, Scottish historian and author (born 1909)
- 2001 – Maurice Prather, American photographer and director (born 1926)
- 2003 – Will McDonough, American journalist (born 1935)
- 2004 – Norberto Bobbio, Italian philosopher and academic (born 1909)
- 2006 – Andy Caldecott, Australian motorcycle racer (born 1964)
- 2006 – W. Cleon Skousen, American author and academic (born 1913)
- 2007 – Elmer Symons, South African motorcycle racer (born 1977)
- 2007 – Jean-Pierre Vernant, French anthropologist and historian (born 1914)
- 2008 – Johnny Grant, American radio host and producer (born 1923)
- 2008 – John Harvey-Jones, English businessman and television host (born 1924)
- 2009 – Rob Gauntlett, English mountaineer and explorer (born 1987)
- 2009 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author and poet (born 1914)
- 2009 – Tan Chor Jin, Singaporean murderer and triad leader of Ang Soon Tong (born 1966)
- 2011 – Makinti Napanangka, Australian painter (born 1930)
- 2012 – Brian Curvis, Welsh boxer (born 1937)
- 2012 – Augusto Gansser-Biaggi, Swiss geologist and academic (born 1910)
- 2012 – William G. Roll, German-American psychologist and parapsychologist (born 1926)
- 2012 – Malam Bacai Sanhá, Guinea-Bissau politician, President of Guinea-Bissau (born 1947)
- 2012 – László Szekeres, Hungarian physician and academic (born 1921)
- 2013 – Brigitte Askonas, Austrian-English immunologist and academic (born 1923)
- 2013 – James M. Buchanan, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1919)
- 2013 – Robert L. Rock, American businessman and politician, 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Indiana (born 1927)
- 2013 – John Wise, Canadian farmer and politician, 23rd Canadian Minister of Agriculture (born 1935)
- 2014 – Amiri Baraka, American poet, playwright, and academic (born 1934)
- 2014 – Josep Maria Castellet, Spanish poet and critic (born 1926)
- 2014 – Paul du Toit, South African painter and sculptor (born 1965)
- 2014 – Dale T. Mortensen, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1939)[152]
- 2015 – Michel Jeury, French author (born 1934)
- 2015 – Józef Oleksy, Polish economist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Poland (born 1946)[153]
- 2015 – Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (born 1928)[154]
- 2015 – Roy Tarpley, American basketball player (born 1964)[155]
- 2016 – John Harvard, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (born 1938)
- 2016 – Angus Scrimm, American actor and author (born 1926)
- 2017 – Zygmunt Bauman, Polish sociologist (born 1925)[156]
- 2018 – Kato Ottio, Papua New Guinean rugby league player (born 1994)
- 2019 – Verna Bloom, American actress (born 1938)[157]
- 2019 – Paul Koslo, German-Canadian actor (born 1944)[158]
- 2021 – John Reilly, American actor (born 1934)[159]
- 2022 – Bob Saget, American comedian, actor, and television host (born 1956)[160]
- 2022 – Maria Ewing, American opera singer (born 1950)[161]
- 2023 – Séamus Begley, Irish accordion player, fiddler and Irish traditional musician (born 1949)[162]
- 2024 – Rashid Khan, Indian classical musician (born 1968)[163]
- 2025 – Black Bart, American professional wrestler (born 1948)[164]
Holidays and observances
[edit]- Christian feast day:
- Start of Hōonkō (Nishi Honganji) January 9–16 (Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism)
- Martyrs' Day (Panama)
- Non-Resident Indian Day (India)
- Day of Republika Srpska (Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, result of 2016 Republika Srpska National Day referendum) (note: not celebrated and disputed in wider Bosnia and Herzegovina, having been declared unconstitutional in 2015)[166][167]
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- ^ Murphy, J. Kim (January 9, 2022). "Bob Saget, 'Full House' Star, Dies at 65". Variety. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.
- ^ "Maria Ewing obituary". the Guardian. 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
- ^ "Renowned trad musician Séamus Begley dies age 73". Irish Examiner. 10 January 2023. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Singh, Shiv Sahay (9 January 2024). "Maestro Ustad Rashid Khan passes away at 55". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ Ucchino, Rick (January 10, 2025). "Black Bart Passes Away At The Age of 76 Following A Battle With Cancer". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 11, 2025.
- ^ "Adrian of Canterbury". Oxford Reference. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ "Bosnian Serbs Celebrate Contentious 'Republika Srpska Day'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "Bosnian Serbs Mark 'Illegal' Holiday with Grand Parade". 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
External links
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January 9
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The date has witnessed several landmark events, including the initiation of the heresy trial against Joan of Arc in Rouen on January 9, 1431, under English occupation, which ultimately led to her condemnation and execution. On January 9, 1861, Confederate batteries in South Carolina fired the Civil War's initial shots at the unarmed Union supply ship Star of the West as it approached Charleston Harbor to reinforce Fort Sumter, marking an early escalation in sectional conflict though not resulting in casualties. Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, was born on January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California, to Quaker parents operating a citrus farm. In modern history, Apple unveiled its groundbreaking first-generation iPhone on January 9, 2007, at Macworld in San Francisco, revolutionizing mobile communication by integrating phone, music player, and internet capabilities into a touchscreen device. These occurrences, alongside observances like the Feast of the Black Nazarene in the Philippines—a major Catholic procession drawing millions to Manila—underscore January 9's diverse historical resonance across military, political, technological, and cultural spheres.
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
Deaths
Pre-1600
Venetian merchant and explorer Marco Polo died on January 8 or 9, 1324, in Venice at approximately age 70, after a period of illness that confined him to bed.[1] His travels across Asia from 1271 to 1295, including 17 years at the court of Mongol ruler Kublai Khan, yielded detailed observations of the Yuan Empire's infrastructure, economy, and customs, recorded in his dictated manuscript The Travels of Marco Polo (originally titled Il Milione).[1] This text, compiled with Rustichello da Pisa during Polo's imprisonment in Genoa, provided Europeans with empirical descriptions of regions like Cathay (China) and Cipango (Japan), including paper money, coal usage, and vast postal systems—facts later corroborated by subsequent expeditions despite initial dismissal as exaggeration by contemporaries.[1] Polo's accounts advanced geographic knowledge from first-hand merchant perspectives, bridging Eurasian trade realities and motivating navigational ambitions, though his death left unresolved debates over the veracity of unverified elements like unicorn sightings (likely rhinoceroses).[1]1601–1900
In 1799, Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician and philosopher renowned for her contributions to calculus, including the curve now named after her (versiera), died in Milan at the age of 80 after a long period of religious devotion and charitable work.[2] Her treatise Istituzioni analitiche (1748) provided one of the first comprehensive texts on analysis for general audiences, influencing subsequent mathematical education despite her later withdrawal from academia.[2] On January 9, 1800, Jean Étienne Championnet, French general who commanded armies during the French Revolutionary Wars, including the occupation of Naples in 1799, succumbed to dysentery in Antioch at age 41. His military campaigns in Italy and the Near East exemplified the aggressive expansionism of the Directory era, though his forces often faced logistical failures and local resistance. Napoleon III, Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870, died on January 9, 1873, in Chislehurst, England, at age 64, following complications from surgery for chronic urinary and gallstone issues exacerbated by years of poor health.[3] Captured during the Franco-Prussian War after the disastrous Siege of Sedan in 1870, his deposition marked the collapse of the Second French Empire, paving the way for the Third Republic amid France's territorial losses and indemnity payments to Prussia.[4] Medical accounts attribute his death to surgical errors during lithotripsy, highlighting the era's limitations in urological procedures.[4] Victor Emmanuel II, the first King of a unified Italy since 1861, died on January 9, 1878, in Rome at age 57 from a combination of pneumonia and heart complications, shortly after the lifting of his excommunication by Pope Pius IX.[5] As King of Sardinia-Piedmont from 1849, he played a pivotal role in the Risorgimento through alliances with figures like Camillo Cavour, leading to the annexation of Lombard-Venetia and papal states, though his reign involved constitutional tensions with parliamentary forces and incomplete centralization.[5] His succession by Umberto I transitioned Italy toward more liberal governance amid ongoing regional disparities.[5]1901–present
- 1923 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand-born author renowned for modernist short stories such as "The Garden Party," succumbed to a pulmonary hemorrhage caused by advanced tuberculosis at age 34 while residing at the Gurdjieff Institute near Fontainebleau, France.[6]
- 1989 – Bill Terry, Baseball Hall of Famer and manager of the New York Giants who batted .401 in 1930, the last National League player to achieve a .400 average, died at age 90 from a heart attack.
- 2014 – Amiri Baraka, born Everett LeRoi Jones, influential yet polarizing poet, playwright, and activist who founded the Black Arts Movement and served as New Jersey's poet laureate until removed for controversial writings, including the post-9/11 poem "Somebody Blew Up America?" which attributed the attacks to Israel and invoked anti-Semitic tropes; his shift from Beat poetry to black nationalism and Marxism promoted racial separatism and ideological extremism, empirically exacerbating cultural divisions without fostering empirical progress in civil rights outcomes; died at age 79 from complications following surgery for a recent illness.[7][8]
- 2020 – Alexis Eddy, contestant on MTV's Are You the One? season 6, found unresponsive at her West Virginia home and pronounced dead at age 23 from cardiac arrest; her grandmother attributed it to a drug overdose, consistent with Eddy's history of substance abuse issues publicly discussed during her reality TV appearances.[9][10]
- 2022 – Bob Saget, stand-up comedian and actor best known for portraying wholesome patriarch Danny Tanner on Full House and its sequel Fuller House, as well as hosting America's Funniest Home Videos, died at age 65 in a Florida hotel room from blunt head trauma resulting from an unwitnessed backward fall that caused skull fractures and brain bleeding; autopsy ruled it accidental, with no drugs or alcohol involved despite his family initially fearing overdose, and COVID-19 present but not contributory.[11][12]
- 2023 – Melinda Dillon, two-time Academy Award-nominated actress noted for maternal roles including Jillian Guiler in Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and Mother Parker in A Christmas Story (1983), died at age 83 in Los Angeles; cause undisclosed by family.[13][14]
- 2024 – Amalija Knavs, Slovenian-born textile worker and mother of former First Lady Melania Trump, who immigrated to the U.S. and became a citizen in 2018, died at age 78 in a Miami hospital following a prolonged illness since late 2023.[15][16]