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Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). Her father acceded to the throne in 1936 upon the abdication of his brother Edward VIII, making the ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth the heir presumptive. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark. Their marriage lasted 73 years until his death in 2021. They had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.\n

When her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth, then 25 years old, became queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon, as well as head of the Commonwealth. Elizabeth reigned as a constitutional monarch through major political changes such as the Troubles in Northern Ireland, devolution in the United Kingdom, the decolonisation of Africa, and the United Kingdom's accession to the European Communities as well as its subsequent withdrawal. The number of her realms varied over time as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. As queen, Elizabeth was served by more than 170 prime ministers across her realms. Her many historic visits and meetings included state visits to China in 1986, to Russia in 1994, and to the Republic of Ireland in 2011, and meetings with five popes and fourteen US presidents.\n

Significant events included Elizabeth's coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, Diamond, and Platinum jubilees. Although there was occasional republican sentiment and media criticism of her family\u2014particularly after the breakdowns of her children's marriages, her annus horribilis in 1992, and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law Diana\u2014support for the monarchy and her personal popularity in the United Kingdom remained consistently high. Elizabeth died aged 96 at Balmoral Castle, and was succeeded by her eldest son, Charles III.\n

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Name\n	Birth\n	Marriage\n	Children\n	Grandchildren\n
Date\n	Spouse\n
Charles III\n	(1948-11-14) 14 November 1948 (age 76)\n	29 July 1981 Divorced 28 August 1996 \n	Lady Diana Spencer\n	William, Prince of Wales\n	Prince George of Wales Princess Charlotte of Wales Prince Louis of Wales \n
Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex\n	Prince Archie of Sussex Princess Lilibet of Sussex \n
9 April 2005\n	Camilla Parker Bowles\n	None\n
Anne, Princess Royal\n	(1950-08-15) 15 August 1950 (age 74)\n	14 November 1973 Divorced 23 April 1992 \n	Mark Phillips\n	Peter Phillips\n	Savannah Phillips Isla Phillips \n
Zara Tindall\n	Mia Tindall Lena Tindall Lucas Tindall \n
12 December 1992\n	Timothy Laurence\n	None\n
Prince Andrew, Duke of York\n	(1960-02-19) 19 February 1960 (age 64)\n	23 July 1986 Divorced 30 May 1996 \n	Sarah Ferguson\n	Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi\n	Sienna Mapelli Mozzi Athena Mapelli Mozzi \n
Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank\n	August Brooksbank Ernest Brooksbank \n
Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh\n	(1964-03-10) 10 March 1964 (age 60)\n	19 June 1999\n	Sophie Rhys-Jones\n	Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor\n	None\n
James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex\n	None\n

Regnal titles\n
Elizabeth II House of Windsor Born: 21 April 1926 Died: 8 September 2022\n
Preceded by George VI \n	Queen of the United Kingdom 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022\n	Succeeded by Charles III \n
Queen of Australia 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Canada 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of New Zealand 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Ceylon 6 February 1952 – 22 May 1972\n	Republics established \n
Queen of Pakistan 6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956\n
Queen of South Africa 6 February 1952 – 31 May 1961\n
New title Independence from the United Kingdom \n	Queen of Ghana 6 March 1957 – 1 July 1960\n
Queen of Nigeria 1 October 1960 – 1 October 1963\n
Queen of Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 – 19 April 1971\n
Queen of Tanganyika 9 December 1961 – 9 December 1962\n
Queen of Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 – 1 August 1976\n
Queen of Uganda 9 October 1962 – 9 October 1963\n
Queen of Kenya 12 December 1963 – 12 December 1964\n
Queen of Malawi 6 July 1964 – 6 July 1966\n
Queen of Malta 21 September 1964 – 13 December 1974\n
Queen of the Gambia 18 February 1965 – 24 April 1970\n
Queen of Guyana 26 May 1966 – 23 February 1970\n
Queen of Barbados 30 November 1966 – 30 November 2021\n
Queen of Mauritius 12 March 1968 – 12 March 1992\n
Queen of Fiji 10 October 1970 – 6 October 1987\n
Queen of Jamaica 6 August 1962 – 8 September 2022\n	Succeeded by Charles III \n
Queen of the Bahamas 10 July 1973 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Grenada 7 February 1974 – 8 September 2022\n
New title Independence from Australia \n	Queen of Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975 – 8 September 2022\n
New title Independence from the United Kingdom \n	Queen of the Solomon Islands 7 July 1978 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Tuvalu 1 October 1978 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Belize 21 September 1981 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 – 8 September 2022\n
Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983 – 8 September 2022\n
Honorary titles\n
Preceded by George VI \n	Head of the Commonwealth 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022\n	Succeeded by Charles III \n
Military offices\n
Preceded by The Earl Jellicoe as First Lord of the Admiralty \n	Lord High Admiral 1 April 1964 – 10 June 2011\n	Succeeded by The Duke of Edinburgh \n
Preceded by The Duke of Edinburgh \n	Lord High Admiral 9 April 2021 – 8 September 2022\n	Succeeded by Charles III \n

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Early life

Heir presumptive

Second World War

Marriage

Reign

Accession and coronation

Early reign

Political reforms and crises

Perils and dissent

Turbulent years

Dawn of the new millennium

Diamond Jubilee and milestones

Pandemic and widowhood

Platinum Jubilee and beyond

Death

Legacy

Beliefs, activities, and interests

Media depiction and public opinion

Titles, styles, honours, and arms

Titles and styles

Arms

Issue

Ancestry

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

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