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Iaso (/aɪˈeɪsoʊ/; Greek: Ἰασώ, Iāsō) or Ieso (/aɪˈiːsoʊ/; Greek: Ἰησώ, Iēsō) was the Greek goddess of recuperation from illness. The daughter of Asclepius, she had four sisters: Aceso, Aegle, Hygieia, and Panacea. All five were associated with some aspect of health or healing. For more information on the genealogy of Iaso, see Panacea.
Description
[edit]Pausanias (author of Periegesis of Greece) wrote this of Amphiaraus in Oropos, Attica, in the 2nd century A.D.:
The altar shows parts. One part is to Heracles, Zeus, and Apollo Healer, another is given up to heroes and to wives of heroes, the third is to Hestia and Hermes and Amphiaraus and the children of Amphilochus. But Alcmaeon, because of his treatment of Eriphyle, is honored neither in the temple of Amphiaraus nor yet with Amphilochus. The fourth portion of the altar is to Aphrodite and Panacea, and further to Iaso, Hygeia, and Athena Healer. The fifth is dedicated to the nymphs and to Pan, and to the rivers Achelous and Cephisus.
Aristophanes mentions Iaso humorously in Ploutos, when one of the characters, Cario, reports that Iaso blushed upon his passing gas.
In the temple of Amphiaraus at Oropus a part of the altar was dedicated to her, in common with Aphrodite, Panaceia, Hygieia, and Athena Paeonia.
Iaso had many children.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- Schmitz, Leonhard (1867). "Iaso". In William Smith (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 2. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 552.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Iaso at Wikimedia Commons
from Grokipedia
Iaso (Ancient Greek: Ἰασώ) was an ancient Greek goddess personifying recuperation from illness, cures, remedies, and modes of healing.[1] She served as an attendant to her father, the medicine-god Asklepios, assisting in the treatment of the sick through various healing practices.[1]
Born to Asklepios and his wife Epione, Iaso was one of several divine siblings dedicated to aspects of health and medicine.[1] Her sisters included Panakeia (goddess of universal remedy), Hygieia (goddess of health), Akeso (goddess of the healing process), and Aigle (goddess of good health or radiance); together, they formed the core attendants in Asklepios's divine medical practice.[1] Iaso's brothers, the heroes Makhaon and Podaleirios, were renowned healers in the Trojan War epics, further emphasizing the family's central role in Greek medicinal mythology.[1] Classical sources, such as the Greek Lyric poet Anonymus (Fragment 939), describe her explicitly as "Iaso (Healer)," highlighting her domain over recovery and restorative therapies.[1]
Worship of Iaso centered on sanctuaries associated with healing cults, particularly the temple of Amphiaraus at Oropus in Boeotia, where she shared an altar with her sisters Panakeia, Hygieia, and the goddess Athena Paeonia.[2] The geographer Pausanias notes this shared honor in his Description of Greece (1.34.3), underscoring Iaso's integration into broader rituals for invoking recovery from ailments.[2] In literature, Aristophanes' comedy Plutus (701) depicts Iaso alongside Asklepios, illustrating her practical role in divine interventions for the blind and ill, reflecting her enduring significance in ancient perceptions of therapeutic restoration.
Etymology and Name
Linguistic Origins
The name Iaso (Ancient Greek: Ἰασώ, Iasṓ) derives from the noun ἴασις (íasis), meaning "healing," "recovery," or "recuperation," which personifies the remedial processes associated with curing illness. This noun is formed from the verb ἰάομαι (iaomai), signifying "to heal" or "to cure," emphasizing Iaso's embodiment of restorative action in the healing arts. The etymology of ἰάομαι is uncertain. Spelling variations of the name reflect dialectal differences in ancient Greek, appearing as Iaso in the Attic dialect and Ieso (Ἰησώ, Iēsṓ) in the Ionic dialect, with the latter featuring a lengthened vowel typical of Ionic phonology.[4]Interpretations in Ancient Texts
In Pausanias' Description of Greece (2nd century CE), Iaso is referenced as one of the daughters of Asclepius within the healing pantheon, with her name interpreted to emphasize the active process of curing illness rather than mere prevention or maintenance of health. Specifically, in Book 1.34.3, Pausanias describes an altar at the sanctuary of Amphiaraus in Oropus that includes dedications to Aphrodite, Panakeia, Iaso, Hygieia, and Athena Paionia, positioning Iaso alongside deities focused on remedial healing and recovery from affliction. This grouping underscores the ancient understanding of her name—derived from the Greek root iaomai (to heal)—as symbolizing therapeutic intervention in the aftermath of disease.[5]Mythology
Parentage and Siblings
In Greek mythology, Iaso was regarded as the daughter of Asclepius, the god of medicine and healing, and his wife Epione, the goddess associated with the soothing of pain.[6] This parentage is attested in ancient sources such as the Suda, a Byzantine lexicon that lists Epione as the mother of several healing deities including Iaso, and an inscription from Erythrai that invokes Asclepius alongside his daughters.[7][8] Additionally, Aristophanes' comedy Plutus references Iaso in the context of Asclepius's family, portraying her as one of the daughters summoned to provide remedies.[9] Iaso's siblings formed a collective known as the Asclepiades, a group of deities embodying various aspects of health and recovery. These included her sisters Aceso, the goddess of the healing process; Hygieia, the goddess of health and hygiene; Panacea, the goddess of universal remedies; and Aegle, associated with radiance and good health.[10] The brothers among the Asclepiades were Machaon and Podalirius, renowned healers who participated in the Trojan War as described in Homeric epics.[11] Pausanias further groups Iaso with Panacea and Hygieia in descriptions of altars dedicated to healing figures, underscoring their shared familial role in the pantheon of medicine.[12] Genealogical accounts occasionally emphasize Iaso's divine lineage through her father Asclepius, who was himself the son of Apollo and the mortal Coronis, linking the family to the broader Olympian hierarchy.[13] This paternal connection to Apollo, the god of prophecy and archery, is noted in sources like Pindar's Pythian Odes, which recount Asclepius's birth and apotheosis, thereby positioning Iaso within a prestigious line of healer deities descended from solar and oracular traditions.[14]Role in Healing Pantheon
Iaso personified the recovery and recuperation from illness in ancient Greek mythology, embodying the restorative phase of healing that followed the onset of disease. Unlike her sister Hygieia, who represented preventive health and hygiene through cleanliness and lifestyle practices, Iaso focused on the active process of convalescence and the alleviation of symptoms once illness had taken hold.[15] She was distinct from Panacea, the goddess of universal remedies capable of providing all-encompassing cures, as Iaso's domain emphasized targeted recovery and the gradual return to wellness rather than immediate, total restoration.[1] As a daughter of Asclepius, the god of medicine, and his wife Epione, Iaso served as an attendant in mythological narratives, assisting her father in the administration of remedies and overseeing post-treatment care for the afflicted. In Aristophanes' comedy Plutus (5th century BCE), she appears alongside Asclepius and Panacea, highlighting her supportive role in divine medical interventions that restored sight and health to mortals. This attendant function underscored her integral place within the healing pantheon, where she facilitated the practical application of therapeutic knowledge under Asclepius's guidance.[9] Iaso's attributes symbolically linked her to herbal remedies and various modes of healing, reflecting the ancient Greek emphasis on natural and pharmacological interventions during recovery. Her name derived from the verb iasthai, meaning "to heal," which encapsulated her association with curative practices that complemented broader medical traditions.[16] These symbols positioned her as the embodiment of the "cure" phase in the progression of illness, aiding in the transition from sickness to renewed vitality.[1]Worship and Cult
Associated Sanctuaries
Worship of Iaso was integrated into the broader healing cults of her father Asclepius, though specific dedications to her are rare. The primary attested site is the sanctuary of Amphiaraus at Oropus in Boeotia, where she shared an altar with her sisters Panakeia, Hygieia, and the goddess Athena Paeonia.[5] The geographer Pausanias describes this shared altar in his Description of Greece (1.34.3), noting its role in rituals for recovery from illness through dream oracles and incubation similar to those at Asclepieia.[5] While major Asclepieia such as those at Epidaurus, Athens, and Kos were centers for the family's collective veneration, no archaeological evidence confirms dedicated altars, statues, or inscriptions specifically to Iaso at these sites.[17] Votive reliefs and offerings at these sanctuaries typically honor Asclepius and Hygieia, reflecting the interconnected nature of the healing pantheon.Rituals and Votive Practices
Incubation rituals at healing sanctuaries, including the Amphiareion at Oropus and various Asclepieia, involved supplicants purifying themselves before sleeping in sacred spaces to receive divine guidance through dreams, often interpreted as remedies for illness.[18] These practices emphasized recovery and restoration, domains associated with Iaso as part of her family's role, though visions primarily featured Asclepius.[16] Votive offerings in these cults commonly included terracotta anatomical models of healed body parts, such as limbs or eyes, as expressions of gratitude for recovery. Examples from the Hellenistic period have been found at sites like Athens and Pergamon, symbolizing the transition from sickness to health within the broader healing traditions.[19] Hymns and prayers invoking Iaso appear in paeans to Asclepius, such as the Erythraean Paean (c. 380–360 BCE), which lists her among his daughters and calls upon her for restoration after illness.[20] In Aristophanes' comedy Plutus (388 BCE), Iaso and her sister Panacea are depicted alongside Asclepius in a healing scene, illustrating her role in dramatic representations of therapeutic rites.[13]Depictions and Representations
In Ancient Art and Iconography
In ancient Greek art, Iaso is typically portrayed as a youthful female figure, often appearing alongside her father Asclepius and her sisters in scenes emphasizing the healing arts. Known depictions include a 5th-century BCE Athenian red-figure amphora showing Iaso holding a mirror (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) and another red-figure vase painting featuring her with Asteria and Hippodame.[1] These artifacts highlight Iaso's integration into the broader iconography of the healing pantheon, where she contributes to compositions symbolizing divine medical intervention. In statuary and related sculptures, Iaso is distinguished from her sister Hygieia through specific attributes: while Hygieia typically holds a patera (a shallow libation bowl) to feed sacred serpents, Iaso lacks a unique emblem like the Rod of Asclepius (serpent coiled around a staff, associated with her father) and is not linked to poppies. Such distinctions appear in votive contexts, where Iaso's attributes emphasize active treatment rather than preventive health.[1]Literary References
In Aristophanes' comedy Plutus (388 BCE), Iaso appears as one of Asclepius's daughters during the healing of the blind god Plutus at the god's temple. The slave Cario recounts the ritual in a comedic tone, noting that Iaso blushed slightly while Panacea averted her face from his flatulence, underscoring the goddess's attendant role in a scene of divine recovery and restoration of sight.[21] Iaso is referenced in epigraphic material from healing sanctuaries, particularly in dedications and cult regulations that highlight her association with recovery. For instance, a relief dedication from the Athenian Asclepieion (IG II³ 4 703, ca. mid-4th century BCE) honors Asclepius and his daughters, including Iaso alongside Akeso and others, as part of the healing pantheon invoked for cures.[22] These inscriptions reflect Iaso's integration into the broader cult practices of Asclepius, where devotees credited the divine family for personal healings, though detailed miracle narratives typically center on the father.Legacy
Influence on Medicine and Health Concepts
The worship of Iaso and the broader Asclepiad family contributed to ancient Greek concepts of healing, including the emphasis on recovery and remedies as part of holistic care. In the Hippocratic Corpus, texts from the 5th century BCE highlight the use of remedial herbs to restore balance among the four humors—blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile—after illness, reflecting cultic practices associated with her father Asclepius that integrated botanical treatments for convalescence.[1][15][23] Roman medicine incorporated Greek healing traditions, particularly through the worship of Salus, the Roman equivalent of Hygieia, who personified public welfare and health. Salus's temples and festivals underscored state-sponsored initiatives like aqueducts and sewer systems to foster community recovery and prevent epidemics. Roman public health engineering, including the distribution of clean water via aqueducts built from the 4th century BCE onward, embodied protective roles drawing on Greek traditions to promote sanitation as essential for post-illness restoration.[1][24][25] In the 2nd century CE, the physician Galen advanced concepts of recovery in his writings, treating convalescence as a critical stage in the healing process distinct from diagnosis and acute intervention. Galen's Method of Medicine, for instance, details regimens for convalescence to prevent relapse, building on Greek medical traditions.[26]Modern Cultural References
In contemporary society, the name of the goddess Iaso has inspired various healthcare and wellness brands, evoking her ancient role in recovery and remedies. The IASO Group, a prominent network of private clinics in Greece specializing in maternity, gynecology, general medicine, and pediatrics, uses the name ΙΑΣΩ, which corresponds to Iaso. Founded as a leading healthcare provider, the group's branding incorporates ancient Greek elements, with its logo formed by emphasizing the alpha (Α) and omega (Ω) letters within "ΙΑΣΩ" to symbolize comprehensive, enduring care from beginning to end.[27][28] Similarly, the Iaso Tea product line, launched by Total Life Changes in the 2010s, represents a modern adaptation in wellness branding. This herbal tea blend, featuring ingredients like cassia angustifolia leaves, holy thistle, persimmon leaves, and malva sinensis, is marketed as a gentle detox and digestive aid. Promotional materials highlight benefits such as weight management support and gut health.[29]References
- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ἰάομαι
- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iaso