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Shades of green
Shades of green
from Wikipedia

Green
 
Spectral coordinates
Wavelength520–570 nm
Frequency≈526–577 THz
Common connotations
nature, St. Patrick's Day, Earth Day, Christmas, money, Earth
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00FF00
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 255, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(88, 136, 128°)
SourceRGB color system
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Some tints and shades of green

Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

Core definitions of green

[edit]

Green (sRGB)

[edit]

Green (sRGB)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00FF00
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 255, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(88, 136, 128°)
SourceX11 color names,[1] HTML/CSS[2]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color defined as green in the sRGB color space is approximately the most chromatic green that can be reproduced on an average computer screen, and is the color named green in X11. It is one of the three primary colors used in the sRGB color space along with red and blue. The three additive primaries in the RGB color system are the three colors of light chosen such as to provide the maximum range of colors that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set.

Red, green and blue lights, representing the three basic additive primary colors of the RGB color system, red, green, and blue.

This color is also called regular green. It is at precisely 120 degrees on the HSV color wheel. Its complementary color is magenta.

HTML/CSS uses the name lime for this color, using green to refer to a darker shade. See the chart Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11.

Green (HTML/CSS color) (Office Green)

[edit]
Green (HTML/CSS color) (Office Green)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#008000
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 128, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 100%, 50%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(46, 72, 128°)
SourceHTML/CSS[2]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDeep yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color defined as green in HTML/CSS color standard is the color called green, low green, or medium green in many of the older eight-bit computer palettes.

Another name for this color is green W3C or office green.


Green (CMYK) (pigment green)

[edit]
Green (CMYK) (pigment green)
 
Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the three subtractive primary colors used in printing.
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00A550
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 165, 80)
HSV (h, s, v)(149°, 100%, 65%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(59, 74, 137°)
SourceCMYK[3]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color defined as green in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as pigment green, is the tone of green that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) yellow in equal proportions.

The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible in printing.

The color indicated is only approximate as the colors of printing inks may vary.

The color displayed is an approximation of the CMYK color on an RGB screen, and cannot replicate the color accurately.

Green (NCS) (psychological primary green)

[edit]
Green (NCS)
 
Approximations within the sRGB gamut to the primary colors of the Natural Color System, a model based on the opponent process theory of color vision.
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#009F6B
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 159, 107)
HSV (h, s, v)(160°, 100%, 62%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(58, 58, 148°)
SourcesRGB approximation to NCS 2060-G[4]
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color defined as green in the NCS or Natural Color System is NCS 2060-G. The natural color system is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision. The Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia.

Green (Munsell)

[edit]
Green (Munsell)
 
The hues of the Munsell color system, at varying values, and maximum chroma to stay in the sRGB gamut
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00FFB5
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 255, 181)
HSV (h, s, v)(163°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(89, 87, 151°)
Sourcehttps://pteromys.melonisland.net/munsell/
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (colorfulness), spaced uniformly (in terms of human perception) in three dimensions in the Munsell color solid. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five, non-arbitrary, equally spaced primary colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and purple.

The color of the sample is the most chromatic (colorful) green in the sRGB gamut that falls in the hue of 5G (primary green) in the Munsell color space.

Green (Pantone)

[edit]
Green (Pantone)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00AD83
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 173, 131)
HSV (h, s, v)(165°, 100%, 68%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(63, 58, 157°)
SourcePantone TPX[5]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Green (Pantone) is the color that is called green in Pantone.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color # green C, EC, HC, PC, U, or UP—green.[5]

Green (Crayola)

[edit]
Green (Crayola)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#01A368
sRGBB (r, g, b)(1, 163, 104)
HSV (h, s, v)(158°, 99%, 64%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(59, 62, 146°)
SourceCrayola colorxs.com
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Green (Crayola) is the color called green in Crayola crayons.

Green was one of the original Crayola crayons introduced in 1903.

Additional computer web greens

[edit]

Dark green (X11)

[edit]
Dark green (X11)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#006400
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 100, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 100%, 39%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(36, 56, 128°)
SourceX11[2]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDeep yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

This is the X11/HTML color dark green.

Light green

[edit]
Light green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#90EE90
sRGBB (r, g, b)(144, 238, 144)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 39%, 93%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(87, 74, 128°)
SourceX11[2]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Light green is a light tint of green.

Lime green (X11)

[edit]
Lime green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#32CD32
sRGBB (r, g, b)(50, 205, 50)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 76%, 80%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(73, 103, 128°)
SourceX11[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Lime green is a vivid, yellowish shade of green named after the lime fruit.

Bright green

[edit]
Bright green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#66FF00
sRGBB (r, g, b)(102, 255, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(96°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(89, 127, 123°)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

This is the color bright green.

Pale green

[edit]
Pale green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#98FB98
sRGBB (r, g, b)(152, 251, 152)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 39%, 98%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(91, 78, 128°)
SourceX11[2]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

This is the X11/HTML color pale green.

Erin

[edit]
Erin
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00FF40
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 255, 64)
HSV (h, s, v)(135°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(88, 129, 130°)
SourceMaerz and Paul[7]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The first recorded use of erin as a color name was in 1922.

Harlequin

[edit]
Harlequin
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#3FFF00
sRGBB (r, g, b)(63, 255, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(105°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(88, 133, 126°)
SourceMaerz and Paul[8]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Harlequin is a color described as being located between green and yellow (closer to green than to yellow) on the color wheel. On color plate 17 in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color (see reference below), the color harlequin is shown as being a highly saturated rich color at a position halfway between chartreuse and green. Thus in modern color terminology, harlequin is the color halfway between green and chartreuse green on the RGB color wheel.

The first recorded use of harlequin as a color name in English was in 1923.[9]

Harlequin is a pure spectral color at approximately 552 nanometers on the visible spectrum when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram.[citation needed]

Silver Patron tequila is sold in harlequin-colored boxes.

Harlequin is also an adjective used to describe something that is colored in a pattern, usually a diamond-shaped pattern,[10] as in the dress traditionally associated with harlequins. Similarly, it can mean anything multicolored or prismatic, such as opals or other precious gems which are highly variegated in color and hue. In the early 2000s, a harlequin color paint was invented for automobiles that appears different colors from different angles of view.

Neon green

[edit]
Neon green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#39FF14
sRGBB (r, g, b)(57, 255, 20)
HSV (h, s, v)(111°, 92%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(88, 132, 126°)
SourceLayout Sparks[11]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Neon green is a bright tone of green used in psychedelic art and in fashion. Neon green became a signature of English singer/songwriter Charli XCX with the release of her 2024 album Brat.[12]

Green in biological nature

[edit]

Green is common in nature, especially in plants. Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.[13] Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants. Due to varying ratios of chlorophylls (and different amounts as well as other plant pigments being present), the plant kingdom exhibits many shades of green in both hue (true color) and value (lightness/darkness). The chlorophylls in living plants have distinctive green colors, while dried or cooked portions of plants are different shades of green due to the chlorophyll molecules losing their inner magnesium ion.

Acid green

[edit]
Acid green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#B0BF1A
sRGBB (r, g, b)(176, 191, 26)
HSV (h, s, v)(65°, 86%, 75%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(74, 80, 93°)
SourceArt Paints YG07S
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Acid green is a shade of yellow-green. Sources differ as to the exact color, but those shown here are representative.

Apple green

[edit]
Apple green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#8AB800
sRGBB (r, g, b)(138, 184, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(75°, 100%, 72%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(69, 83, 106°)
SourceISCC-NBS[14]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Apple green is a representation of the color of the outer skin of a Granny Smith apple. A darker version of this color has been used for the IRT Lexington Avenue Line since June 1979, when the NYCTA decided to assign line colors to all the routes within the major trunk lines in the Central Business District, plus different colors for services not entering Manhattan. By doing this, they scrapped the 1967 colors that were assigned separately to each service, it was also used on locomotives of the London & North Eastern Railway.

The first recorded use of apple green as a color name in English was in 1648.[15]

Artichoke green (Pantone)

[edit]
Artichoke green (Pantone)
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#4B6F44
sRGBB (r, g, b)(75, 111, 68)
HSV (h, s, v)(110°, 39%, 44%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(43, 32, 123°)
SourcePantone[16]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

This is the color called artichoke green in Pantone. The source is Pantone 18-0125 TPX.[16]

Evergreen

[edit]
Evergreen
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#05472A
sRGBB (r, g, b)(5, 71, 42)
HSV (h, s, v)(154°, 93%, 28%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(26, 27, 144°)
SourcePicMonkey[17]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Evergreen is a color that resembles evergreens.

It is currently unknown when evergreen was first used as a color name.

Fern green

[edit]
Fern green
 
Ferns at Muir Woods, California
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#4F7942
sRGBB (r, g, b)(79, 121, 66)
HSV (h, s, v)(106°, 45%, 47%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(47, 40, 121°)
SourceMaerz and Paul[18]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Fern
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#63B76C
sRGBB (r, g, b)(99, 183, 108)
HSV (h, s, v)(126°, 46%, 72%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(68, 61, 130°)
SourceCrayola colorxs.com
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Fern green is a color that resembles ferns. A Crayola crayon named fern was created in 1998.

The first recorded use of fern green as a color name in English was in 1902.[19]

Forest green

[edit]
Forest green
 
Forest in Germany
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#228B22
sRGBB (r, g, b)(34, 139, 34)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 76%, 55%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(51, 70, 128°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Forest green refers to a green color said to resemble the color of the trees and other plants in a forest.[20]

The first recorded use of forest green as the name of a color in the English language was in 1810.[21]

Honeydew

[edit]
Honeydew
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F0FFF0
sRGBB (r, g, b)(240, 255, 240)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 6%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(99, 12, 128°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery pale green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color honeydew is a pale, greenish off-white based on the color of the interior flesh of a honeydew melon.

Jungle green

[edit]
Jungle green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#29AB87
sRGBB (r, g, b)(41, 171, 135)
HSV (h, s, v)(163°, 76%, 67%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(63, 52, 159°)
SourceCrayola[citation needed]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

In 1990, Crayola named and formulated a specific tone called jungle green.

The first recorded use of jungle green as a name of a color in the English language was in 1926.[22]

Kelly green

[edit]
Kelly green
 
Irish meadow
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#4CBB17
sRGBB (r, g, b)(76, 187, 23)
HSV (h, s, v)(101°, 88%, 73%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(67, 94, 123°)
Sourcecanva.com[23]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Chicago River dyed green for Saint Patrick's Day

Kelly green is an intense, pure green named after the common Irish family name, Kelly.[24] It evokes the lush green Irish meadows and is also commonly associated with St. Patrick's Day.

Kombu green

[edit]
Kombu green
 
Kombu from the kelp species Saccharina japonica, the source of most kombu
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#354230
sRGBB (r, g, b)(53, 66, 48)
HSV (h, s, v)(103°, 27%, 26%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(26, 12, 118°)
SourcePantone TPX[25][26]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark olive green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color kombu green is a representation of the color of kombu, edible kelp from the family Laminariaceae widely eaten in East Asia.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #19-0417 TPX—Kombu Green.[27]

Laurel green

[edit]
Laurel green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#A9BA9D
sRGBB (r, g, b)(169, 186, 157)
HSV (h, s, v)(95°, 16%, 73%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(74, 22, 112°)
SourceMaerz and Paul[28]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Laurel green is a medium light hue of chartreuish gray similar to asparagus, but lighter.

The first recorded use of laurel green as a name of a color in the English language was in 1705.[29]

Mantis

[edit]
Mantis
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#74C365
sRGBB (r, g, b)(116, 195, 101)
HSV (h, s, v)(110°, 48%, 76%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(72, 69, 124°)
SourceXona.com color list[30]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Mantis green represents the green color of certain grass-dwelling species of praying mantis.

The first use of mantis as a color name in English was when it was included as one of the colors on the Xona.com color list, promulgated in 2001.

Moss green

[edit]
Moss green
 
Moss-covered grave
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#8A9A5B
sRGBB (r, g, b)(138, 154, 91)
HSV (h, s, v)(75°, 41%, 60%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(61, 42, 99°)
SourceISCC-NBS[31][32]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Moss is a tone of green that resembles green moss.

The first recorded use of moss green as a color name in English was in 1884.[33]

Mint green

[edit]
Mint green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#98FB98
sRGBB (r, g, b)(152, 251, 152)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 39%, 98%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(91, 78, 128°)
SourceX11[2]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Mint green is a pale tint of green that resembles the color of mint green pigment, and was a popular color in the 1990s.

Myrtle

[edit]
Myrtle
 
Myrtus communis leaves and flower
Common connotations
Myrtus
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#21421E
sRGBB (r, g, b)(33, 66, 30)
HSV (h, s, v)(115°, 55%, 26%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(25, 24, 126°)
SourceColorHexa[34]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Myrtle is a dark green shade that resembles the color of Myrtus leaves.

Olive

[edit]
Olive
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#808000
sRGBB (r, g, b)(128, 128, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(60°, 100%, 50%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(52, 57, 86°)
SourceX11 color names
ISCC–NBS descriptorLight olive
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Green olives

Olive is a dark yellowish-green color,[35] like that of unripe or green olives.

As a color word in the English language, it appears in late Middle English. Shaded toward brown, it becomes olive drab.

Pine green

[edit]
Pine green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#01796F
sRGBB (r, g, b)(1, 121, 111)
HSV (h, s, v)(175°, 99%, 47%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(45, 36, 179°)
SourceCrayola[citation needed]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Pine green is a rich dark shade of cyan that resembles the color of pine trees. It is an official Crayola color (since 1903) that is this exact shade in the Crayola crayon, but in the markers, it is known as crocodile green.

The color pine green is a representation of the average color of the leaves of the trees of a coniferous forest. The color pine green was originally known as pine tree. The first recorded use of pine tree as a color name in English was in 1923.[36][37]

Reseda green

[edit]
Reseda green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#6C7C59
sRGBB (r, g, b)(108, 124, 89)
HSV (h, s, v)(87°, 28%, 49%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(50, 25, 108°)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate olive green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Reseda green, is a shade of greyish green in the classic range of colors of the German RAL colour standard, in which it is named "RAL 6011".[38]

The name derives from the color of the leaves of Reseda odorata, commonly known as mignonette.[39]

Sap green

[edit]
Sap green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#507D2A
sRGBB (r, g, b)(80, 125, 42)
HSV (h, s, v)(93°, 66%, 49%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(48, 52, 115°)
Source[Unsourced]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Sap green is a green-looking pigment that was traditionally made of ripe buckthorn berries mixed with alum.[40] However, modern colors marketed under this name are usually a blend of other pigments, commonly with a basis of Phthalocyanine Green G. It is one of the greens used in The Joy of Painting.

Tea green

[edit]
Tea green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#D0F0C0
sRGBB (r, g, b)(208, 240, 192)
HSV (h, s, v)(100°, 20%, 94%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(91, 36, 116°)
SourceEncycolorpedia[41]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery light yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Tea green is a light shade of green. It is a representation of the color of brewed green tea, i.e., the color of the hot green tea after the green tea leaves have been brewed in boiling water.[42]

The first recorded use of tea green as a color name in English was in 1858.[43]

Green in non-biological nature

[edit]

Emerald

[edit]
Emerald as a quinary color
on the RYB color wheel
  green
  emerald
  viridian
Emerald
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#50C878
sRGBB (r, g, b)(80, 200, 120)
HSV (h, s, v)(140°, 60%, 78%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(72, 71, 137°)
SourceMaerz and Paul[44]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Emerald, also called emerald green, is a tone of green that is particularly light and bright, with a faint bluish cast. The name derives from the typical appearance of the emerald gemstone.[45] The first recorded use of emerald as a color name in English was in 1598.[46]

Ireland is sometimes referred to as the Emerald Isle due to its lush greenery. The May birthstone is emerald. Seattle is sometimes referred to as the Emerald City, because its abundant rainfall creates lush vegetation. In the Middle Ages, The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus was believed to contain the secrets of alchemy. "Emerald City", from the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is a city where everything from food to people are emerald green. However, it is revealed at the end of the story that everything in the city is normal colored, but the glasses everyone wears are emerald tinted. The Green Zone in Baghdad is sometimes ironically and cynically referred to as the Emerald City.[47] The Emerald Buddha is a figurine of the sitting Buddha, made of green jade (rather than emerald), clothed in gold, and about 45 cm tall. It is kept in the Chapel of the Emerald Buddha (Wat Phra Kaew) on the grounds of the Grand Palace in Bangkok. The Emerald Triangle refers to the three counties of Mendocino, Humboldt, and Trinity in Northern California, United States[48] because these three counties are the biggest marijuana producing counties in California and also the US.[48] A county-commissioned study reports pot accounts for up to two-thirds of the economy of Mendocino.[48] Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development is a book published in 2010 by Joan Fitzgerald, director of the law, policy and society program at Northeastern University, about ecologically sustainable city planning.

An emerald pigment was invented in Germany in 1814. By taking acetic acid, mixing and boiling it with vinegar, and then by adding some arsenic, a bright blue-green hue was formed.[49] This toxic inorganic compound was marketed in England during the 19th century under the name Paris green.[50] Victorian women used this bright color for dresses, and florists used it on fake flowers. It became notorious for causing deaths due to it being a popular color used for wallpaper.[51]

Green earth

[edit]
Green earth
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#DADD98
sRGBB (r, g, b)(218, 221, 152)
HSV (h, s, v)(63°, 31%, 87%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(86, 48, 88°)
SourceDerwent[52]
ISCC–NBS descriptorLight yellow green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color green earth is also known as terre verte and Verona green. It is an inorganic pigment derived from the minerals celadonite and glauconite.[53][54]

Hooker's green

[edit]
Hooker's green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#49796B
sRGBB (r, g, b)(73, 121, 107)
HSV (h, s, v)(162°, 40%, 47%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(47, 23, 164°)
SourceWinsor & Newton[55]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Hooker's green is a dark green color created by mixing Prussian blue and gamboge. Hooker's green takes its name from botanical artist William Hooker (1779–1832) who first created it particularly for illustrating leaves.[56]

Jade

[edit]
Jade
 
Three color variations of jade.
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00A86B
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 168, 107)
HSV (h, s, v)(158°, 100%, 66%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(61, 64, 145°)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Jade, also called jade green, is a representation of the color of the gemstone called jade, although the stone itself varies widely in hue.

The color name jade green was first used in Spanish in the form piedra de ijada in 1569.[57] The first recorded use of jade green as a color name in English was in 1892.[58]

Malachite

[edit]
Malachite
 
Polished malachite
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#0BDA51
sRGBB (r, g, b)(11, 218, 81)
HSV (h, s, v)(140°, 95%, 85%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(77, 104, 132°)
SourceMaerz and Paul[59]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Malachite, also called malachite green, is a color that is a representation of the color of the mineral malachite.

The first recorded use of malachite green as a color name in English was in the 1200s (exact year uncertain).[60]

Sea green

[edit]
Sea green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#2E8B57
sRGBB (r, g, b)(46, 139, 87)
HSV (h, s, v)(146°, 67%, 55%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(52, 50, 141°)
SourceHTML/CSS
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Sea green is a color that resembles the hue of shallow seawater as seen from the surface.

Other notable green colors

[edit]

Android green

[edit]

British racing green

[edit]

Celadon

[edit]
Celadon
 
A celadon vase
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#ACE1AF
sRGBB (r, g, b)(172, 225, 175)
HSV (h, s, v)(123°, 24%, 88%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(85, 42, 129°)
SourceEncycolorpedia[61]
ISCC–NBS descriptorLight yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Celadon /ˈsɛlədɒn/ is a pale greyish shade of green, or rather a range of such shades. Celadon originates as a term for a class of Chinese ceramics, copied by Korea and Japan. However, the name, which is European, may originate from the character Celadon in L'Astrée, a French pastoral novel of 1627, who wore a light green color.[62][63]

Celadon glazes were very common, with the green color being reliably produced from about the tenth century onwards; this was appreciated in Asia for resembling jade, the most prestigious material of all. The glaze color comes from iron oxide's transformation from ferric to ferrous iron (Fe2O3 → FeO) during the firing process,[64] but is affected by a wide range of other factors and chemicals, making the precise color very difficult to control. As well as green, a wide range of browns, yellows, greys and sometimes blues all count as "celadon".[45][65]

Hungarian green

[edit]
Hungarian green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#477050
sRGBB (r, g, b)(71, 112, 80)
HSV (h, s, v)(133°, 37%, 44%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(44, 28, 135°)
SourcePantone[66]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The web color Hungarian green is a dark green color seen on the national flag of Hungary.

Hunter green

[edit]
Hunter green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#355E3B
sRGBB (r, g, b)(53, 94, 59)
HSV (h, s, v)(129°, 44%, 37%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(36, 28, 132°)
SourceISCC-NBS No. 137[67]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Hunter green is a color that is a representation of the color worn as camouflage by hunters in the 19th century. Most hunters began wearing the color olive drab instead of hunter green about the beginning of the 20th century.[68] Some hunters still wear hunter green clothing or hunter green bandanas.

The first recorded use of hunter green as a color name in English was in 1892.[69]

Hunter green has been the official primary color of the Green Bay Packers since 1957, the New York Jets from 1998 to 2019, one of the two official colors of Ohio University and Oswego State, and one of the two official colors of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. It is also one of the main colors of Deerfield Academy.

Hunter green is one of the colors defined by the bandana code of the gay leather subculture. A hunter green bandana, if worn on the left, indicates that one is a "leather daddy", whereas if a hunter green bandana is worn on the right, it indicates that one is looking for a leather daddy, i.e., looking for a "daddy-boy" relationship.[70][71][72]

Prison uniforms issued by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision are colored hunter green.[73]

New York City uses hunter green on its construction site fences and sidewalk sheds.[74]

India green

[edit]
India green
 
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag The Swaraj flag, officially adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1931
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#138808
sRGBB (r, g, b)(19, 136, 8)
HSV (h, s, v)(115°, 94%, 53%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(49, 74, 127°)
SourceVexillological[75]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDeep yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

India green, the color of the lower band of the National Flag of India, represents fertility and prosperity. It originates with a flag proposed by Mahatma Gandhi, with green representing Islam and India saffron representing Hinduism.

Islamic green

[edit]
Islamic green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#009000
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 144, 0)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 100%, 56%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(52, 80, 128°)
SourceEncycolorpedia[76]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color green (Arabic: أخضر) has a number of traditional associations in Islam. In the Quran, it is associated with Islamic paradise.

It was also chosen as a color by pro-Alid (Shi'a) factions. Thus in 817, when the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun adopted the Alid Ali al-Ridha a his heir-apparent, he also changed the dynastic color from black to green. The change was reverted al-Ma'mun had Ali killed, and returned to Baghdad in 819.[77] Green remains particularly popular in Shi'ite iconography, but it is also widely used in by Sunni states. It is notably used in the flag of Saudi Arabia and flag of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

MSU green

[edit]
MSU green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#18453B
sRGBB (r, g, b)(24, 69, 59)
HSV (h, s, v)(167°, 65%, 27%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(26, 18, 167°)
SourceMSU Brand Guide[78]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVery dark green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Green and white are the primary school colors representing Michigan State University. The university board of trustees officially standardized MSU green as part of a larger university branding effort, replacing a lighter green (PMS 341) used from 1997 to 2010. The official color was chosen based on the traditional darker Spartan green found on the original university varsity letter jackets and marching band jackets. The official green of Michigan State University is represented by Pantone Matching System ink color 567 (PMS 567).

NDHU green

[edit]
NDHU green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#0D5C33
sRGBB (r, g, b)(13, 92, 51)
HSV (h, s, v)(149°, 86%, 36%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(34, 37, 140°)
SourceNDHU Brand Guide[79]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

NDHU green is the official color of National Dong Hwa University, adopted in 1994. The university officially set NDHU green as part of a larger university branding effort. It represents the books, forest of knowledge, and its campus with nature-based setting.

Pakistan green

[edit]
Pakistan green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#01411C
sRGBB (r, g, b)(1, 65, 28)
HSV (h, s, v)(145°, 98%, 25%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(23, 28, 137°)
SourceTakhleeq[80]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDeep yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Pakistan green is a shade of dark green, used in web development and graphic design. It originates with the field of green used on the flag of Pakistan, only stipulated as "dark green" in the national flag code. It is almost identical to the HTML/X11 dark green in sRGB and HSV values.

Persian green

[edit]
Persian green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#00A693
sRGBB (r, g, b)(0, 166, 147)
HSV (h, s, v)(173°, 100%, 65%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(61, 50, 174°)
SourceISCC-NBS[81]
ISCC–NBS descriptorBrilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Persian green is a color used in Persian pottery and Persian carpets in Iran.

The first recorded use of Persian green as a color name in English was in 1892.[82][83]

Rifle green

[edit]
Rifle green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#444C38
sRGBB (r, g, b)(68, 76, 56)
HSV (h, s, v)(84°, 26%, 30%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(31, 14, 105°)
SourcePantone TPX[84][85]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDark grayish olive green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The source of rifle green is the Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX) color list, color No. 19-0419 TPX—Rifle green.[86]

The first recorded use of rifle green as a color name in English was in 1858.[87]

Rifle green is so named from the distinctive color of the uniform of rifle regiments (a form of light infantry) of a number of European armies, and is still used as such by rifle regiments in many Commonwealth armies, such as the Rifles and Royal Gurkha Rifles of the British Army and the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, escorted by a Bermuda Militia Artillery officer in Royal Artillery blue No. 1 dress, inspects green-uniformed riflemen of the Bermuda Rifles in 1961

Rifle green was originally adopted by rifle regiments in the 18th century, including the famous 95th Rifles of the Napoleonic Wars. As the traditional role of riflemen was that of marksmen and skirmishers who attacked behind the cover of trees, a dark green uniform was adopted as an early form of camouflage, as opposed to the colorful uniforms worn by other soldiers of the period. The vegetable based dyes used during the 18th and early 19th centuries were not fast, frequently fading after exposure to the elements to lighter shades of green or even brown. While this had advantages in terms of reduced visibility on active service, it did not make for a smart appearance on the peace-time parade ground. Accordingly, the color of the rifleman's uniform was progressively darkened until it approached black. After 1890 the development of chemical dyes permitted the adoption of the stable shade of rifle green now worn. In the U.S. armed forces, the green beret may be worn only by soldiers awarded the Special Forces Tab, signifying they have been qualified as special forces soldiers. The special forces beret is officially designated "beret, man's, wool, rifle green, army shade 297". Previously, rifle green uniforms had been issued to Hiram Berdan's elite 1st and 2nd United States Sharpshooters during the American Civil War.

Rifle green was the official uniform colour of the Canadian Forces (CF) after unification; it was thereafter generally referred to as "CF green". After the introduction of the distinctive environmental uniform (DEU), rifle green remained as the uniform colour of the winter land environment DEU; a short-lived tan uniform was worn in summer. After the demise of the tans, the rifle green DEU was worn year-round. Rifle green was also the colour of the uniform worn by the Northern Irish Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) until 2001 where the RUC was renamed the PSNI and while the uniform color remained the same, terminology changed to "bottle green".[88]

Rifle green is 19–0419 TPX in the Pantone palette, or hex code #444C38 in the sRGB color space, as shown above. Despite being referred to as bottle green in some contexts, Pantone rifle green is a distinct shade from RAL 6007 Bottle green.

Russian green

[edit]
Russian green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#679267
sRGBB (r, g, b)(103, 146, 103)
HSV (h, s, v)(120°, 29%, 57%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(57, 35, 128°)
SourceISCC-NBS[89][90]
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The first recorded use of Russian green as a color name in English was in the 1830s (exact year uncertain).[91] The term appears to refer to the medium shade of green worn by most regiments of the Imperial Russian Army from 1700 to 1914.

SGBUS green

[edit]
SGBUS green
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#55DD33
sRGBB (r, g, b)(85, 221, 51)
HSV (h, s, v)(108°, 77%, 87%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(78, 107, 125°)
SourceHTML/CSS
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellowish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

SGBUS green is the color voted by the public and used by Singapore to color all its government-owned public buses.[92]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Shades of green encompass a wide array of color variations derived from the primary hue , which occupies the portion of the visible light spectrum with wavelengths between approximately 495 and 570 nanometers, evoking perceptions of , growth, and renewal in human vision. These shades differ in saturation (intensity), (from pale tints to deep tones), and subtle shifts in hue toward or , allowing for diverse applications in , , and symbolism. Historically, green pigments have been integral to artistic expression since antiquity, with —a copper-based mineral—serving as one of the earliest known green pigments, utilized in Egyptian tomb paintings dating back to around 3000 BCE for its vibrant, opaque quality. In , , produced by corroding plates in or wine, provided another enduring green option, though prone to darkening over time, influencing works from the classical period through the . The 19th century saw the rise of synthetic greens like , an arsenic-copper compound invented in 1775, and emerald green (also known as ), a brighter variant introduced in 1814 that became popular in European painting for its intensity but was later abandoned due to toxicity. In modern design and , shades of green play key roles in evoking specific emotions and associations; for instance, bright greens symbolize rebirth and vitality, while and dark greens convey tranquility, earthiness, and stability. Notable contemporary shades include Pantone's Greenery (15-0343 TCX), a zesty yellow-green selected as Color of the Year in 2017 to represent renewal and organic connection, and , a deep, muted tone often used in branding for its connotations of reliability and nature. These variations extend to digital and print media, where standardized systems like ensure consistency across industries, from to environmental graphics. Overall, shades of green not only reflect perceptual science but also cultural symbolism, appearing in everything from Asian art traditions combining and for natural scenes to Western landscapes emphasizing harmony with the environment.

Core Definitions

Digital Color Standards

In digital color standards, the sRGB color space, developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and adopted as the default for web content and HDTV, defines the named color "green" with RGB values (0, 128, 0) and hexadecimal code #008000. This specification ensures consistent color reproduction across devices like monitors and televisions, with the green primary chromaticity at x=0.3, y=0.6 in the CIE 1931 color space, though the named green represents a mid-tone variant for practical use. In the HSV color model, this green has a hue of 120°, saturation of 100%, and value of 50%; in CIELAB, it corresponds to L*=46.23, a*=-51.70, b*=49.92, illustrating its pure green hue aligned with 120° in cylindrical representations. The /CSS standard inherits this as the keyword "" with the same #008000 value, established in early web specifications like CSS Level 1 to provide a balanced, natural-appearing suitable for interface design. Also referred to as Office Green in some design contexts, it was chosen over brighter alternatives to mimic foliage tones under typical viewing conditions. This differs from the X11 color system's "," which uses #00FF00 (RGB 0, 255, 0) for a fully saturated primary, reflecting the X Window System's origins in Unix graphics from the 1980s. A darker variant in the X11 system, "DarkGreen" at #006400 (RGB 0, 100, 0), provides a subdued option for terminal and application interfaces, distinguished from the brighter green by its lower intensity to reduce in text-based environments. Historically, these X11 definitions stem from the rgb.txt database included in X11 releases since , mapping names to 8-bit RGB values for efficient rendering on early displays. In HSV, X11 DarkGreen has hue 120°, saturation 100%, value 39%; in CIELAB, L*=36.20, a*=-43.30, b*=41.83. The brighter X11 green, by contrast, has HSV hue 120°, saturation 100%, value 100%, and CIELAB L*=88.10, a*=-85.31, b*=85.31.;
StandardHexRGBDecimal (R, G, B)
/HTML Green#008000(0, 128, 0)(0, 128, 0)
X11 Green#00FF00(0, 255, 0)(0, 255, 0)
X11 Dark Green#006400(0, 100, 0)(0, 100, 0)
In printing contexts, green translates approximately to CMYK (100%, 0%, 100%, 50%) under standard profiles like SWOP, though conversions vary by device.

Traditional and Psychological Standards

In traditional printing processes, the defines a standard pigment green through subtractive mixing using 100% and 100% with 0% , and variable (typically 0-50%) to create rich tones from vibrant to deep, where inks absorb specific wavelengths of light. This formulation approximates the depth of physical pigments but often appears muted or shifted when translated to digital screens due to the limitations of simulating subtractive effects in additive light-based displays. The Natural Color System (NCS), developed as a perceptual model, identifies psychological primary as a hue with 100% saturation and 50% blackness, derived from human and to represent green without yellowish or bluish influences or cultural preconceptions. This approach prioritizes innate color experiences, making it suitable for and where intuitive hue recognition is essential. Within the , green is standardized at the hue, typically with a value of 5 (mid-tone lightness) and chroma of 8 (moderate saturation), providing artists with a perceptually reference for matching pigments in and color formulation. The system's emphasis on equal perceptual steps in hue, value, and chroma ensures consistent replication across physical media like oils and watercolors. The Matching System specifies a standard as PMS Green C, a coated ink with approximate digital hex #00AB84, facilitating precise color consistency in branding, packaging, and textiles through standardized guides. This approach minimizes variations in production runs compared to process mixing. Crayola's standard crayon, introduced in the 1949 48-color set, corresponds to the hex code #01A368, reflecting a deep, natural tone that has evolved slightly in subsequent formulations to enhance vibrancy while supporting al tools for children's color recognition and creative expression. Its inclusion marked an expansion in accessible color , influencing generations through school and home use. These traditional and psychological standards emerged from mixing principles in pigments and inks, which progressively darken from white by absorbing , in contrast to the additive mixing of digital systems that build from by emitting ; this fundamental difference, rooted in 19th-century advancements, necessitates conversions like those to for cross-medium fidelity.

Digital and Web Shades

Subdued and Neutral Variants

Subdued and neutral variants of are characterized by lower saturation and balanced tones, making them ideal for applications such as backgrounds, interfaces, and subtle accents that promote and calm without overwhelming the viewer. These shades often derive from the core (#008000) by increasing and reducing vibrancy to create desaturated effects suitable for modern digital environments. Light green, defined in the X11 color standard as #90EE90 with RGB values (144, 238, 144) and HSV (120°, 39%, 93%), offers a pale, airy quality that evokes freshness and openness. Its subtle tone is frequently employed in UI elements like success indicators or highlight boxes to convey positivity and stability, enhancing in applications focused on growth or wellness. When paired with darker text, light green meets WCAG AA contrast ratios for large elements, ensuring for diverse users. Pale green, specified as #98FB98 in X11 with RGB (152, 251, 152) and HSV (120°, 39%, 98%), distinguishes itself from light green through a slightly brighter value while maintaining similar saturation, resulting in a more luminous yet restrained appearance. This variant is particularly effective in data visualization for representing positive trends or low-intensity categories, such as growth metrics in charts, where its softness prevents visual fatigue during prolonged viewing. considerations include verifying contrast against foreground elements, as pale green's high lightness supports compliance with WCAG guidelines for non-text content when used judiciously. Erin green, at #00FF40 with RGB (0, 255, 64) and HSV (135°, 100%, 100%), serves as a brighter yet contextually neutral option in digital palettes despite its high saturation, drawing its name from the poetic Irish term for linked to traditions. It functions in subdued contexts like accent borders in interfaces, balancing energy with the overall muted scheme. Laurel green, digitized for web use as #A9BA9D with RGB (169, 186, 157) and HSV (95°, 16%, 73%), draws inspiration from the muted tones of laurel foliage, providing a desaturated, earthy neutral for backgrounds in eco-themed designs. Its low saturation ensures it blends seamlessly in interfaces, evoking natural harmony without dominating other elements, and it aligns with standards by offering sufficient contrast in layered layouts. Sea green, established in X11 as #2E8B57 with RGB (46, 139, 87) and HSV (146°, 67%, 55%), presents a medium-dark tone that captures subtle hues for use in and web elements like bars or thematic icons. This shade's balanced desaturation makes it suitable for evoking tranquility in interfaces, while its mid-tone supports WCAG contrast requirements for readable text overlays in aquatic or nature-inspired visuals. For example, the X11 standard also includes MediumSeaGreen (#3CB371, RGB (60, 179, 113), HSV (146°, 66%, 70%)) as another subdued variant suitable for similar applications.
ShadeHex CodeRGBHSV
Light Green#90EE90(144, 238, 144)(120°, 39%, 93%)
Pale Green#98FB98(152, 251, 152)(120°, 39%, 98%)
Erin Green#00FF40(0, 255, 64)(135°, 100%, 100%)
Laurel Green#A9BA9D(169, 186, 157)(95°, 16%, 73%)
Sea Green#2E8B57(46, 139, 87)(146°, 67%, 55%)

Vivid and Fluorescent Variants

Vivid and fluorescent variants of often feature high saturation in the HSL , rendering them exceptionally bright and energetic for digital applications. These shades, often with dominant green channel values near 100% in RGB, excel in , user interfaces, and graphics where emphasis is needed, creating a of urgency or playfulness. Their yellowish or pure tones contrast sharply with subdued greens, enabling balanced compositions in modern . LimeGreen, standardized as #32CD32 in the X11 color database with RGB values of (50, 205, 50), exhibits a distinct yellowish tint that positions it between pure green and on the spectrum. Introduced in the as part of the X11 graphics system for Unix workstations, it has served as a staple for web accents and highlights due to its vibrant yet approachable intensity. Bright , represented by #66FF00 and RGB (102, 255, 0), achieves a pure vivid tone through its maximum channel saturation, making it highly visible against dark or neutral backgrounds. This shade is frequently utilized in gaming interfaces for power-ups or status indicators and in alert systems to signal success or warnings, leveraging its eye-catching properties for immediate user attention. , with the hex code #3FFF00 and RGB (63, 255, 0), draws its name from the character in Italian , whose iconic costume features a multicolored that inspired the shade's lively, patterned associations in . Its near-lime vibrancy, with over 90% saturation, makes it suitable for dynamic and textiles seeking bold, geometric energy. Neon green, defined as #39FF14 with RGB (57, 255, 20), produces a striking fluorescent effect through its high and saturation, evoking the bold aesthetics of fashion where vivid hues dominated and pop culture. The shade saw a resurgence in 2024, tied to Charli XCX's album Brat, which propelled a similar electric into mainstream visual trends for its unapologetic, high-impact vibe. Mantis, digitized as #74C365 with RGB (116, 195, 101), offers a bright, balanced variant inspired by the iridescent hues of praying insects, adapted for screens with its moderate yet punchy chroma around 40% in CIELAB terms for natural vibrancy. This shade finds use in digital palettes mimicking organic brightness without overwhelming purity. The X11 standard also includes SpringGreen (#00FF7F, RGB (0, 255, 127), HSV (150°, 100%, 100%)) as a vivid variant commonly used in web graphics. In CSS implementations, these high-chroma greens support glow effects via properties like box-shadow: 0 0 20px currentColor, simulating for buttons, icons, or text in interactive web elements and enhancing perceived depth and modernity.

Nature-Inspired Shades

Biological and Organic Sources

Shades of green derived from biological and organic sources primarily draw inspiration from the vibrant hues present in life, where imparts characteristic tones to foliage, fruits, and other . These colors reflect the natural palette of living organisms, often approximating the reflected light wavelengths that give their verdant appearance. Historically, many such shades originated as pigments extracted directly from organic materials, while modern approximations in digital formats like codes capture their essence for use in , , and standardization systems. Forest green, with the hexadecimal code #228B22, evokes the deep, dense foliage of woodlands and is standardized in both web color nomenclature and systems, where it aligns closely with Pantone 17-0230 TCX for its earthy, saturated tone reminiscent of coniferous forests. This shade's biological inspiration stems from the chlorophyll-rich leaves of temperate and boreal trees, providing a muted yet rich that symbolizes natural depth and resilience. Apple green, approximated as #8DB600 in common digital representations, derives from the light, yellowish tint of unripe apples and similar fruits, offering a fresh, vibrant hue frequently employed in to convey youthfulness and vitality. Its organic source lies in the immature skin of Malus domestica fruits, where lower levels yield a brighter, less saturated compared to mature variants. Moss green, represented by #8A9A5B, captures the subdued, earthy of bryophytes like moss, which thrive in damp, shaded environments and lend their tone to natural . This color has historical roots in military applications, where moss-inspired greens were used in early 20th-century uniforms to blend with undergrowth, enhancing concealment in forested terrains. Mint green, at #98FB98, mirrors the cool, pale leaves of species, such as , and gained prominence in mid-20th-century interior decor for its refreshing, pastel quality that complemented streamlined, optimistic post-war aesthetics. (#29AB87) reflects the lush, deep tones of tropical foliage in rainforests, introduced as a crayon color in 1990 to represent biodiverse ecosystems like those in the . Kelly green (#4CBB17), a vivid yellowish-green, is inspired by the emerald landscapes of , particularly the grassy hills dominated by species, and emerged in the early 1910s as a descriptor for bright dyes evoking national . Sap green (#507D2A) is a historical pigment derived from the unripe berries of the buckthorn plant (), yielding a transparent, yellowish lake used by artists since the for naturalistic foliage depictions in paintings. Other notable shades include green (#4F7942), drawn from the fronds of Pteridophyta like the Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), which exhibit a soft, desaturated green from their chlorophyll-laden leaflets; green (#01796F), inspired by the needles of Pinus species, offering a bluish, tone that persists year-round in coniferous forests; and myrtle green (#317873), sourced from the glossy leaves of shrubs, providing a teal-tinged hue common in Mediterranean vegetation. Etymologically, these names trace directly to their botanical origins—"" from Old "fearn" denoting the , "" from Latin "pinus" for the tree, and "myrtle" from Greek "myrtos" for the —emphasizing their ties to specific organic life forms. Most plant-based greens, influenced by and b pigments that reflect in the 500-570 nm range, cluster around hues of 120° to 140° in the , accounting for the subtle variations seen in leaves under different conditions. This spectral reflection not only defines the visual identity of biological greens but also underscores their role in , where excess green is scattered rather than absorbed.

Geological and Inorganic Sources

Geological and inorganic sources of green shades primarily stem from minerals and pigments derived from , such as silicates, carbonates, and clays containing trace elements like , , iron, and . These colors arise through natural geological processes, including oxidation, , and hydrothermal activity, which impart distinctive green hues to rocks and ores. Unlike organic sources, these inorganic variants offer stable, enduring pigments valued in art, jewelry, and industry for their opacity and . The of many such shades traces back to ancient languages reflecting their visual or material origins, with digital representations approximating natural variability through codes. The emerald shade originates from the beryl mineral (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈), a silicate formed in granitic pegmatites or metamorphic environments where or impurities create its vivid green coloration during crystallization. Prized since antiquity for jewelry, emeralds from deposits like Colombia's mines exhibit a rich, translucent green due to these trace elements. The name "emerald" derives from smaragdos, meaning "green gem," via Latin smaragdus, highlighting its historical recognition as a precious stone. In digital rendering, it is approximately represented as #50C878 (RGB 80, 200, 120), capturing the gem's saturated hue. Jade encompasses greens from two distinct minerals: , a calcium-magnesium (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂) formed through regional of serpentinites, and , a sodium-aluminum (NaAlSi₂O₆) created under high-pressure conditions in zones. yields softer, grayish-greens, while produces more intense emerald-like tones, both highly valued in East Asian cultures for carvings and artifacts symbolizing purity and status. The term "" etymologically stems from the Spanish ijada (flank or ), reflecting ancient beliefs in its medicinal properties for renal ailments. Digital approximations vary, with a common hex code of #00A86B (RGB 0, 168, 107) representing its mid-tone vibrancy. Malachite, a bright (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂), forms through the oxidation of primary copper sulfides in the upper zones of deposits, often in limestone-hosted veins alongside . This mineral has been ground into pigments since ancient Egyptian times, used for and tomb decorations due to its intense, banded . Its name derives from the malachē (mallow ), alluding to the leaf-like color of its concentric patterns. In modern digital terms, is approximated as #0BDA51 (RGB 11, 218, 81), emphasizing its vivid, opaque quality suitable for historical recreations. Green earth, also known as terre verte, is a natural clay composed of iron-rich silicates like or celadonite, sourced from sedimentary deposits and volcanic soils in regions such as Italy's area. This earthy, muted green was extensively used in for flesh tones and landscapes, prized for its permanence and subtle tonality. The name "terre verte" directly translates from French as "green earth," underscoring its inorganic, soil-based origin. Its digital equivalent is roughly #D8C38A (RGB 216, 195, 138), a pale, yellowish-green reflecting natural variability in iron content. Hooker's green, a deep 19th-century synthetic , was developed by botanical illustrator William Hooker by mixing (ferric ferrocyanide) with , though modern versions use and yellow lake for stability in . Named after Hooker, it replicates foliage tones and etymologically honors his contributions to . Geologically tied to inorganic components like iron-based derived from cyanides, it is digitally rendered as #00740C (RGB 0, 116, 12), a dark, opaque green. The olive shade draws from geological ochre mixes, where iron oxides in sedimentary clays are blended to mimic the muted green of oxidized ores, historically used in military "olive drab" camouflage. Its etymology traces to the Latin oliva (olive fruit), but in pigment contexts, it reflects earthy, desaturated tones from mineral admixtures. Approximated digitally as #808000 (RGB 128, 128, 0), it provides a neutral, brownish-green with ties to ancient earth pigments. Reseda green, named after the mignonette plant (Reseda odorata), is a soft, grayish-green shade historically used in early and applications, with dyes derived from related plants like Reseda luteola (weld). The name "reseda" comes from Latin resedō (to assuage), linked to the plant's medicinal uses, but its green shade reflects the foliage. In digital form, it is about #6B8E23 (RGB 107, 142, 35), a medium, subdued tone.

Cultural and Symbolic Shades

National and Institutional Colors

Green shades hold significant roles in national identities and institutional branding, often symbolizing heritage, , or cultural values. These colors are typically formalized through flags, uniforms, or official palettes, evoking unity and tradition. In many cases, they draw from historical events or symbolic associations, such as and renewal in Islamic contexts or in traditions. British racing green, with the hex code #004225, originated in 1903 during the Gordon Bennett Cup race held in Ireland on behalf of the , where British teams adopted a shamrock-inspired green to honor the host nation. This dark, rich shade became synonymous with British motorsport, though early lack of standardization led to variations across manufacturers like and , each using slightly different tones for their racing liveries. India green, defined by the hex code #138808, serves as the color of the lower band in the Indian national flag, adopted in and symbolizing fertility, prosperity, and the nation's agricultural heritage. While green broadly represents growth and auspiciousness in Indian culture, its use in the flag also nods to Islamic influences in the subcontinent's diverse heritage, though primarily tied to themes of life and success. Islamic green, with hex code #009000, carries deep prophetic symbolism in , referenced in the as and favored by the Prophet Muhammad, representing life, harmony, and spiritual renewal. This shade appears in numerous national flags to denote Islamic identity, such as in , where it underscores and prosperity. Pakistan green, a darker variant at hex code #01411C, was established post-1947 as the dominant color in the , embodying the Muslim majority's identity and aspirations for a . It distinguishes from lighter Islamic greens by its depth, reflecting national resilience and unity after partition. Hunter green, hex code #355E3B, emerged in the as the attire color for British enthusiasts, providing effective for riders and houndsmen. This earthy tone has since become institutional in universities, such as Lehigh and , where it signifies tradition and connection to nature. Rifle green, hex code #444C38, originated in 18th-century Prussian military uniforms for and rifle units, chosen for its blending with forest environments during skirmishes. The muted, grayish-green hue symbolized tactical stealth and was later adopted by other armies, including British rifle brigades in the , for similar practical reasons. Russian green, hex code #679267, gained prominence in uniforms and vehicles from the , reflecting the vast forests that define much of Russia's and cultural symbolism. Birches, as enduring icons of Russian nationality since ancient Slavic times, inspired this medium green's association with resilience and homeland. Institutionally, Michigan State University's Spartan green (#18453B) embodies the school's agricultural roots and competitive spirit, formalized in branding guidelines since the early . Similarly, National Dong Hwa University's NDHU green (#0D5C33), adopted in 1994 upon the institution's founding, represents vitality and the lush eastern environment, integrating into emblems and campus identity.

Modern and Thematic Colors

In contemporary design and branding, green shades often evoke innovation, sustainability, and cultural heritage, adapted for digital interfaces, fashion, and themed environments. Android green, defined as #3DDC84 (as of 2023 update), serves as the primary branding color for Google's Android operating system since its public launch in 2008, featuring a medium tone that conveys energy and modernity in app icons and user interfaces. Celadon, with the hex code #ACE1AF, originates from the pale, jade-like glazes of Korean dating back to the dynasty, and has experienced a revival in modern interior and for its serene, understated aesthetic. , represented by #00A693, draws from turquoise-green hues prominent in ancient Iranian art and architecture, continuing to influence contemporary decorative motifs and digital palettes. Disney's , a subtle grayish-green shade revealed in 2023, functions to conceal park infrastructure like fences and utility boxes amid natural landscaping. Among other notable modern shades, acid green (#B0BF1A) emerged in as a vibrant, fluorescent hue symbolizing and high-visibility edge in and accessories. (#006400) captures the deep, timeless tone used in branding for outdoor and environmental products, emphasizing durability and nature. green (#354230), inspired by the dark hue of Japanese , appears in culinary and wellness branding to evoke earthy, umami-rich authenticity. Tea green (#D0F0C0), a light pastel derived from brewed tea infusions, features in beverage packaging and aesthetics for its refreshing, calming vibe. In fashion color trends for Autumn/Winter 2024/2025, as per , muted, nature-aligned greens like sage (#74A892) and earthy moss tones promote eco-conscious narratives in corporate identities and while tying into web standards for versatile application; 's Spring/Summer 2025 trends feature vivid and nature-inspired greens, reinforcing themes of growth and eco-consciousness.

References

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