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The evolution of Paramount Skydance
Year Event
1886 Westinghouse Electric Corporation is founded as Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company
1912 Famous Players Film Company is founded
1913 Lasky Feature Play Company is founded
1914 Paramount Pictures is founded
1916 Famous Players and Lasky merge as Famous Players–Lasky and acquire Paramount
1927 Famous Players–Lasky is renamed to Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation; CBS is founded with investment from Columbia Records
1929 Paramount acquires 49% of CBS
1930 Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation is renamed to Paramount Publix Corporation
1932 Paramount sells back its shares of CBS
1934 Gulf+Western is founded as the Michigan Bumper Corporation
1935 Paramount Publix Corporation is renamed to Paramount Pictures
1936 National Amusements is founded as Northeast Theater Corporation
1938 CBS acquires Columbia Records
1950 Desilu is founded and CBS distributes its television programs
1952 CBS creates the CBS Television Film Sales division
1958 CBS Television Film Sales is renamed to CBS Films
1966 Gulf+Western acquires Paramount
1967 Gulf+Western acquires Desilu and renames it Paramount Television (now CBS Studios)
1968 CBS Films is renamed to CBS Enterprises
1970 CBS Enterprises is renamed to Viacom
1971 Viacom is spun off from CBS
1987 National Amusements acquires Viacom
1988 CBS sells Columbia Records to Sony
1989 Gulf+Western is renamed to Paramount Communications
1994 Viacom acquires Paramount Communications
1995 Paramount Television and United Television launch UPN; Westinghouse acquires CBS
1997 Westinghouse is renamed to CBS Corporation
2000 Viacom acquires UPN and CBS Corporation
2005 Viacom splits into the second CBS Corporation and Viacom
2006 Skydance Media is founded as Skydance Productions; CBS Corporation shuts down UPN and replaces it with The CW
2009 Paramount and Skydance enter an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films
2017 CBS Corporation sells CBS Radio to Entercom (now Audacy)
2019 CBS Corporation and Viacom re-merge as ViacomCBS
2022 ViacomCBS is renamed to Paramount Global
2025 Skydance acquires National Amusements and merges with Paramount Global as Paramount Skydance

Key Information

CBS Building

CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS (an abbreviation of its original name, the Columbia Broadcasting System), is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network and the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of Paramount Skydance following the 2025 merger of Paramount Global, National Amusements and Skydance Media. It is one of Paramount Skydance's three flagship subsidiaries, along with partial namesake Paramount Pictures and MTV.

Founded in 1927, headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City and being part of the "Big Three" television networks, CBS has major production facilities and operations at the CBS Broadcast Center and One Astor Plaza (both also in that city) and Television City and the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles. It is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, after the company's trademark symbol of an eye (which has been in use since October 20, 1951),[1] and also the Tiffany Network, which alludes to the perceived high quality of its programming during the tenure of William S. Paley (and can also refer to some of CBS's first demonstrations of color television, which were held in the former Tiffany and Company Building in New York City in 1950).[2][3]

History

[edit]

The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters, Inc., a radio network founded in Chicago by New York City talent agent Arthur Judson on January 27, 1927. In April of that year, the Columbia Phonograph Company, parent of Columbia Records' record label, invested in the network, resulting in its rebranding as the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System (CPBS).[4] In early 1928, Judson and Columbia sold the network to Isaac and Leon Levy, two brothers who owned WCAU, the network's Philadelphia affiliate, as well as their partner Jerome Louchheim. They installed William S. Paley, an in-law of the Levys, as president of the network. With the Columbia record label out of ownership, Paley rebranded the network as the Columbia Broadcasting System.[5]

By September 1928, Paley became the network's majority owner with 51 percent of the business.[6] Paramount Pictures then acquired the other 49 percent of CBS in 1929, but the Great Depression eventually forced the studio to sell its shares back to the network in 1932.[4] CBS would then remain primarily an independent company throughout the next 63 years. Under Paley's guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks. CBS ventured and expanded its horizons through television starting in the 1940s, spinning off its broadcast syndication division Viacom to a separate company in 1971. In 1974, CBS dropped its original full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc.

The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "CBS". The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1994, renaming its legal name to the current CBS Broadcasting Inc. two years later, and in 1997 adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation. In 1999, CBS came under the control of the original incarnation of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971. In 2005, Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television, radio and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets, with the CBS network at its core.[7][8][9] CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controlled the second incarnation of Viacom until December 4, 2019, when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become ViacomCBS (now known as Paramount Global). Following the sale, CBS and its other broadcasting and entertainment assets were reorganized into a new division, CBS Entertainment Group.

CBS operated the CBS Radio network until 2017 when it sold its radio division to Entercom (now known as Audacy, Inc. since 2021).[10] Before this, CBS Radio mainly provided news and feature content for its portfolio of owned-and-operated radio stations in large and mid-sized markets, as well as its affiliated radio stations in various other markets. While CBS Corporation common shareholders (i.e. not the multiple-voting shares held by National Amusements) were given a 72% stake in the combined Entercom,[11] CBS no longer owns or operates any radio stations directly; however, it still provides radio news broadcasts to its radio affiliates and the new owners of its former radio stations, and licenses the rights to use CBS trademarks under a long-term contract. The television network has over 240 owned-and-operated (O&O) and affiliated television stations throughout the United States, some also available in Canada via pay-television providers or in border areas over-the-air.

Programming

[edit]

As of 2025, CBS provides 87+12 hours of regularly scheduled network programming each week. The network provides 22 hours of primetime programming to affiliated stations Monday through Saturday from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. and Sunday from 7:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific time (7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday and 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Sunday in Central/Mountain time).

The network also provides daytime programming from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific weekdays (subtract 1 hour for all other time zones), including a half-hour break for local news and features game shows The Price Is Right and Let's Make a Deal and soap operas The Young and the Restless, The Bold and the Beautiful, and Beyond the Gates.

CBS News programming includes CBS Mornings from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. weekdays and CBS Saturday Morning in the same period on Saturdays; nightly editions of CBS Evening News; the Sunday political talk show Face the Nation; early morning news program CBS Morning News; and the newsmagazines 60 Minutes, CBS News Sunday Morning, and 48 Hours. On weeknights, CBS airs the talk show The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (until May 2026) and reruns of the comedic game show After Midnight (until September 2025 with its replacement Comics Unleashed (reruns) filling the time slot until at least May 2026).

CBS Sports programming is also provided most weekend afternoons. Due to the unpredictable length of sporting events, CBS occasionally delays scheduled primetime programs to allow the programs to air in their entirety, a practice most commonly seen with the NFL on CBS. In addition to rights to sports events from major sports organizations such as the NFL, PGA, and NCAA, CBS broadcasts the CBS Sports Spectacular, a sports anthology series that fills certain weekend afternoon time slots before (or in some cases, in place of) a major sporting event.

Daytime

[edit]

CBS' daytime schedule is the longest among the major networks at 4+12 hours. It is the home of the long-running game show The Price Is Right, which began production in 1972 and is the longest continuously running daytime game show on network television. After being hosted by Bob Barker for 35 years, the show has been hosted since 2007 by actor and comedian Drew Carey. The network is also home to the current incarnation of Let's Make a Deal, hosted by singer and comedian Wayne Brady.

CBS is the only commercial broadcast network that continues to broadcast daytime game shows. Notable game shows that once aired as part of the network's daytime lineup include Match Game, Tattletales, The $10/25,000 Pyramid, Press Your Luck, Card Sharks, Family Feud, and Wheel of Fortune. Past game shows that have had both daytime and prime time runs on the network include Beat the Clock and To Tell the Truth. Two long-running primetime-only games were the panel shows What's My Line? and I've Got a Secret.

The network was also home to The Talk, a panel talk show similar in format to ABC's The View. It debuted in October 2010. The panel featured Sheryl Underwood, Amanda Kloots, Jerry O'Connell, Akbar Gbajabiamila, and Natalie Morales who served as moderator. The Talk officially ended its run on December 20, 2024.[12]

CBS Daytime airs three daytime soap operas each weekday: the hour-long series The Young and the Restless, which debuted in 1973, and the half-hour series The Bold and the Beautiful, which debuted in 1987 and hour-long series Beyond the Gates which debuted in 2025. CBS has long aired the most soap operas out of the Big Three networks, carrying 3+12 hours of soaps on its daytime lineup from 1977 to 2009, and still retains the longest daily schedule. Other than Guiding Light, notable daytime soap operas that once aired on CBS include As the World Turns, Love of Life, Search for Tomorrow, The Secret Storm, The Edge of Night, and Capitol.

Children's programming

[edit]

CBS broadcast the live-action series Captain Kangaroo on weekday mornings from 1955 to 1982, and on Saturdays until 1984. From 1971 to 1986, CBS News produced a series of one-minute segments titled In the News, which aired between other Saturday morning programs. Otherwise, CBS's children's programming has mostly focused on animated series such as reruns of Mighty Mouse, Looney Tunes, and Tom and Jerry cartoons, as well as Scooby-Doo, Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, Jim Henson's Muppet Babies, Garfield and Friends, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. In 1997, CBS premiered Wheel 2000, a children's version of the syndicated game show Wheel of Fortune which aired simultaneously on the Game Show Network.

In September 1998, CBS began contracting the time out to other companies to provide programming and material for its Saturday morning schedule. The first of these outsourced blocks was the CBS Kidshow, which ran until 2000 and featured programming from Canadian studio Nelvana[13] such as Anatole, Mythic Warriors, Rescue Heroes, and Flying Rhino Junior High.[14]

After its agreement with Nelvana ended, the network then entered into a deal with Nickelodeon to air programming from its Nick Jr. block beginning in September 2000, under the banner Nick Jr. on CBS.[13] By the time of the deal, Nickelodeon and CBS were corporate sisters through the latter's then parent company Viacom as a result of its 2000 merger with CBS Corporation. From 2002 to 2005, live-action and animated Nickelodeon series aimed at older children also aired as part of the block under the name Nick on CBS.

Following the Viacom-CBS split, the network decided to discontinue the Nickelodeon content deal. In March 2006, CBS entered into a three-year agreement with DIC Entertainment, which was acquired later that year by the Cookie Jar Group, to program the Saturday morning time slot as part of a deal that included distribution of select tape-delayed Formula One auto races.[15][16][17][18] The KOL Secret Slumber Party on CBS replaced Nick Jr. on CBS that September, with the inaugural lineup featuring two new first-run live-action programs, one animated series that originally aired in syndication in 2005, and three shows produced before 2006. In mid-2007, KOL, the children's service of AOL, withdrew sponsorship from CBS' Saturday morning block, which was subsequently renamed KEWLopolis. Complementing CBS's 2007 lineup were Care Bears, Strawberry Shortcake, and Sushi Pack. On February 24, 2009, it was announced that CBS would renew its contract with Cookie Jar for another three seasons through 2012.[19][20] On September 19, 2009, KEWLopolis was renamed Cookie Jar TV.[21]

On July 24, 2013, CBS agreed with Litton Entertainment, which already programmed a syndicated Saturday morning block exclusive to ABC stations and later produced a block for CBS' sister network The CW that received its debut the following year, to launch a new Saturday morning block featuring live-action reality-based lifestyle, wildlife, and sports series. The Litton-produced CBS Dream Team block, aimed at teenagers 13 to 16 years old, began broadcasting on September 28, 2013, replacing Cookie Jar TV.[22] The block was renamed CBS WKND in 2023.[23]

Specials

[edit]

Animated primetime holiday specials

[edit]

CBS was the original broadcast network home of the animated primetime holiday specials based on the Peanuts comic strip, beginning with A Charlie Brown Christmas in 1965. Over 30 holiday Peanuts specials (each for a specific holiday such as Halloween) were broadcast on CBS until 2000 when the broadcast rights were acquired by ABC. CBS also aired several primetime animated specials based on the works of Dr. Seuss (Theodor Geisel), beginning with How the Grinch Stole Christmas in 1966, as well as several specials based on the Garfield comic strip during the 1980s (which led to Garfield getting his Saturday-morning cartoon on the network, Garfield and Friends, which ran from 1988 to 1995). Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, produced in stop motion by Rankin/Bass, has been another annual holiday staple of CBS; however, that special first aired on NBC in 1964. As of 2011, Rudolph and Frosty the Snowman was the only two pre-1990 animated specials remaining on CBS; the broadcast rights to the Charlie Brown specials are now held by Apple,[24] The Grinch rights by NBC,[25][26] and the rights to the Garfield specials by Boomerang.[27][citation needed]

All of these animated specials, from 1973 to 1990, began with a fondly remembered seven-second animated opening sequence, in which the words "A CBS Special Presentation" were displayed in colorful lettering (the ITC Avant Garde typeface, widely used in the 1970s, was used for the title logo). The word "SPECIAL", in all caps and repeated multiple times in multiple colors, slowly zoomed out from the frame in a spinning counterclockwise motion against a black background, and rapidly zoomed back into frame as a single word, in white, at the end; the sequence was accompanied by a jazzy though majestic up-tempo fanfare with dramatic horns and percussion (which was edited incidental music from the CBS crime drama Hawaii Five-O, titled "Call to Danger" on the Capitol Records soundtrack LP). This opening sequence appeared immediately before all CBS specials of the period (such as the Miss USA pageants and the annual presentation of the Kennedy Center Honors), in addition to animated specials.

Classical music specials

[edit]

CBS was also responsible for airing the series of Young People's Concerts, conducted by Leonard Bernstein. Telecast every few months between 1958 and 1972, first in black-and-white and then in color beginning in 1966, these programs introduced millions of children to classical music through the eloquent commentaries of Bernstein. The specials were nominated for several Emmy Awards, including two wins in 1961 and later in 1966,[28] and were among the first programs ever broadcast from the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.

Over the years, CBS has broadcast three different productions of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker – two live telecasts of the George Balanchine New York City Ballet production in 1957 and 1958 respectively, a little-known German-American filmed production in 1965 (which was subsequently repeated three times and starred Edward Villella, Patricia McBride and Melissa Hayden), and beginning in 1977, the Mikhail Baryshnikov staging of the ballet, starring the Russian dancer along with Gelsey Kirkland – a version that would become a television classic, and remains so today (the broadcast of this production later moved to PBS).[citation needed]

In April 1986, CBS presented a slightly abbreviated version of Horowitz in Moscow, a live piano recital by pianist Vladimir Horowitz, which marked his return to Russia after over 60 years. The recital was televised as an episode of CBS News Sunday Morning (televised at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time in the U.S., as the recital was performed simultaneously at 4:00 p.m. in Russia). It was so successful that CBS repeated it a mere two months later by popular demand, this time on videotape, rather than live. In later years, the program was shown as a standalone special on PBS; the current DVD of the telecast omits the commentary by Charles Kuralt but includes additional selections not heard on the CBS telecast.[29]

In 1986, CBS telecast Carnegie Hall: The Grand Reopening in primetime, in what was then a rare move for a commercial broadcast network, since most primetime classical music specials were relegated to PBS and A&E by this time. The program was a concert commemorating the re-opening of Carnegie Hall after its complete renovation. A range of artists were featured, from classical conductor Leonard Bernstein to popular music singer Frank Sinatra.

Cinderella

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To compete with NBC, which produced the televised version of the Mary Martin Broadway production of Peter Pan, CBS responded with a musical production of Cinderella, with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. Based upon the classic Charles Perrault fairy tale, it is the only Rodgers and Hammerstein musical to have been written for television. It was originally broadcast live in color on CBS on March 31, 1957, as a vehicle for Julie Andrews, who played the title role; that broadcast was seen by over 100 million people. It was subsequently remade by CBS in 1965, with Lesley Ann Warren, Stuart Damon, Ginger Rogers, and Walter Pidgeon among its stars; the remake also included the new song "Loneliness of Evening", which was originally composed in 1949 for South Pacific but was not performed in that musical.[30][31] This version was rebroadcast several times on CBS into the early 1970s, and is occasionally broadcast on various cable networks to this day; both versions are available on DVD.[citation needed]

National Geographic

[edit]

CBS was also the original broadcast home for the primetime specials produced by the National Geographic Society. The Geographic series in the U.S. started on CBS in 1964, before moving to ABC in 1973 (the specials subsequently moved to PBS – under the production of Pittsburgh member station WQED – in 1975 and NBC in 1995, before returning to PBS in 2000). The specials have featured stories on many scientific figures such as Louis Leakey, Jacques Cousteau, and Jane Goodall, that not only featured their work but helped make them internationally known and accessible to millions. A majority of the specials were narrated by various actors, notably Alexander Scourby during the CBS run. The success of the specials led in part to the creation of the National Geographic Channel, a cable channel launched in January 2001 as a joint venture between the National Geographic Society and Fox Cable Networks. The specials' distinctive theme music, by Elmer Bernstein, was also adopted by the National Geographic Channel.

Other notable specials

[edit]

From 1949 to 2002, the Pillsbury Bake-Off, an annual national cooking contest, was broadcast on CBS as a special. Hosts for the broadcast included Arthur Godfrey, Art Linkletter, Bob Barker, Gary Collins, Willard Scott (although under contract with CBS' rival NBC), and Alex Trebek.

The Miss USA beauty pageant aired on CBS from 1963 to 2002, during a large portion of that period, the telecast was often emceed by the host of one of CBS's game shows including Bob Barker from 1967 to 1987 (at which point Barker, an animal rights activist who eventually convinced producers of The Price Is Right to cease offering fur coats as prizes on the program, quit in a dispute over their use), succeed by Alan Thicke in 1988, Dick Clark from 1989 to 1993, and Bob Goen from 1994 to 1996. The pageant's highest viewership was recorded in the early 1980s when it regularly topped the Nielsen ratings on the week of its broadcast.[32][33][34] Viewership dropped sharply throughout the 1990s and 2000s, from an estimated viewership of 20 million to an average of 7 million from 2000 to 2001.[35] In 2002, Donald Trump (owner of the Miss USA pageant's governing body, the Miss Universe Organization) brokered a new deal with NBC, giving it half-ownership of the Miss USA, Miss Universe and Miss Teen USA pageants and moving them to that network as part of an initial five-year contract,[36] which began in 2003 and ended in 2015 after 12 years amid Trump's controversial remarks about Mexican immigrants during the launch of his 2016 campaign for the Republican presidential nomination.[37]

On June 1, 1977, it was announced that Elvis Presley had signed a deal with CBS to appear in a new television special. Under the agreement, CBS would videotape Presley's concerts during the summer of 1977; the special was filmed during Presley's final tour at stops in Omaha, Nebraska (on June 19) and Rapid City, South Dakota (on June 21 of that year). CBS aired the special, Elvis in Concert, on October 3, 1977,[38] nearly two months after Presley died in his Graceland mansion on August 16.

Since its inception in 1978, CBS has been the sole broadcaster of The Kennedy Center Honors, a two-hour performing arts tribute typically taped and edited in December for later broadcast during the holiday season.

Stations

[edit]

CBS has 15 owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 228 additional television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia, two U.S. possessions (Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and Bermuda and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.[39][40] The network has a national reach of 95.96% of all households in the United States (or 299,861,665 Americans with at least one television set). Currently, New Jersey, New Hampshire and Delaware are the only U.S. states where CBS does not have a locally licensed affiliate (New Jersey is served by New York City O&O WCBS-TV and Philadelphia O&O KYW-TV; Delaware is served by KYW and Salisbury, Maryland, affiliate WBOC-TV; and New Hampshire is served by Boston O&O WBZ-TV and Burlington, Vermont, affiliate WCAX-TV).

CBS maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such as Harrisonburg, Virginia (WSVF-CD), Palm Springs, California (KPSP-CD), and Parkersburg, West Virginia (WIYE-LD). In some markets, including both of those mentioned, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station. CBS also maintains a sizeable number of subchannel-only affiliations, the majority of which are with stations in cities located outside of the 50 largest Nielsen-designated markets; the largest CBS subchannel affiliate by market size is KOGG in Wailuku, Hawaii, which serves as a repeater of Honolulu affiliate KGMB (the sister station of KOGG parent KHNL).

Nexstar Media Group is the largest operator of CBS stations by numerical total, owning 49 CBS affiliates (counting satellites); Tegna Media is the largest operator of CBS stations in terms of overall market reach, owning 15 CBS-affiliated stations (including affiliates in the larger markets in Houston, Tampa and Washington, D.C.) that reach 8.9% of the country.

[edit]

Video-on-demand services

[edit]

CBS provides video-on-demand access for delayed viewing of the network's programming through various means, including via its website at CBS.com; the network's apps for iOS, Android, and newer version Windows devices; a traditional VOD service called CBS on Demand available on most traditional cable and IPTV providers; and through content deals with Amazon Video (which holds exclusive streaming rights to the CBS drama series Extant and Under the Dome) and Netflix.[41][42][43][44] Notably, however, CBS is the only major broadcast network that does not provide recent episodes of its programming on Hulu (sister network The CW does offer its programming on the streaming service, albeit on a one-week delay after becoming available on the network's website on Hulu's free service, with users of its subscription service being granted access to newer episodes of CW series eight hours after their initial broadcast), due to concerns over cannibalizing viewership of some of the network's most prominent programs; however, episode back catalogs of certain past and present CBS series are available on the service through an agreement with CBS Television Distribution.[45][46][47]

Upon the release of the app in March 2013, CBS restricted streaming of the most recent episode of any of the network's programs on its streaming app for Apple iOS devices until eight days after their initial broadcast to encourage live or same-week (via both DVR and cable on demand) viewing; programming selections on the app were limited until the release of its Google Play and Windows 8 apps in October 2013, expanded the selections to include full episodes of all CBS series to which the network does not license the streaming rights to other services.[48]

Paramount+ (formerly CBS All Access)

[edit]

On October 28, 2014, CBS launched CBS All Access, an over-the-top subscription streaming service – priced at $5.99 per month ($9.99 with the no commercials option) – which allows users to view past and present episodes of CBS shows.[49][50][51] Announced on October 16, 2014 (one day after HBO announced the launch of its over-the-top service HBO Now) as the first OTT offering by a USA broadcast television network, the service initially encompassed the network's existing streaming portal at CBS.com and its mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers; CBS All Access became available on Roku on April 7, 2015, and on Chromecast on May 14, 2015.[52][53] In addition to providing full-length episodes of CBS programs, the service allows live programming streams of local CBS affiliates in 124 markets reaching 75% of the United States.[54][55][56][57][58]

CBS All Access offered the most recent episodes of the network's shows the day after their original broadcast, as well as complete back catalogs of most of its current series and a wide selection of episodes of classic series from the CBS Television Distribution and ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks program library to subscribers of the service. CBS All Access also carried behind-the-scenes features from CBS programs and special events.[49]

Original programs aired on CBS All Access included Star Trek: Discovery, The Good Fight, and Big Brother: Over the Top.[59][60][61]

In December 2018, the service was launched in Australia under the name 10 All Access, due to its affiliation with CBS-owned free-to-air broadcaster Network 10. Due to local programming rights, not all content is shared with its U.S. counterpart, whilst the Australian version also features numerous full seasons of local Network 10 shows, all commercial-free.

It was announced in September 2020 that the service would be rebranded as Paramount+ in early 2021, and would feature content from the wider ViacomCBS library following the re-merger between CBS and Viacom. The name was also extended to international markets and services such as 10 All Access.[62] The rebrand to Paramount+ took place on March 4, 2021.

CBS HD

[edit]

CBS' master feed is transmitted in 1080i high definition, the native resolution format for CBS Corporation's television properties. However, seven of its affiliates transmit the network's programming in 720p HD, while seven others carry the network feed in 480i standard definition[39] either due to technical considerations for affiliates of other major networks that carry CBS programming on a digital subchannel or because a primary feed CBS affiliate has not yet upgraded their transmission equipment to allow content to be presented in HD. A small number of CBS stations and affiliates are also currently broadcasting at 1080p via an ATSC 3.0 multiplex station to simulcast a station's programming such as WNCN through WRDC in Durham, North Carolina, WTVF through WUXP-TV in Nashville, and KLAS-TV through KVCW in Las Vegas, Nevada.

CBS began its conversion to high definition with the launch of its simulcast feed CBS HD in September 1998, at the start of the 1998–99 season. That year, CBS aired the first NFL game broadcast in high-definition, with the telecast of the New York JetsBuffalo Bills game on November 8. CBS gradually converted much of its existing programming from standard definition to high definition beginning with the 2000–01 season, with select shows among that season's slate of freshmen scripted series being broadcast in HD starting with their debuts. The Young and the Restless became the first daytime soap opera to broadcast in HD on June 27, 2001.[63]

CBS' 14-year conversion to an entirely high-definition schedule ended in 2014, with Big Brother and Let's Make a Deal becoming the final two series to convert from 4:3 standard definition to HD (in contrast, NBC, Fox, and The CW were already airing their entire programming schedules – outside of Saturday mornings – in high definition by the 2010–11 season, while ABC was broadcasting its entire schedule in HD by the 2011–12 midseason). All of the network's programming has been presented in full HD since then (except for certain holiday specials produced before 2005 – such as the Rankin-Bass specials – which continue to be presented in 4:3 SD, although some have been remastered for HD broadcast).

On September 1, 2016, when ABC converted to a 16:9 widescreen presentation, CBS and The CW were the only remaining networks that framed their promotions and on-screen graphical elements for a 4:3 presentation, though with CBS Sports' de facto 16:9 conversion with Super Bowl 50 and their new graphical presentation designed for 16:9 framing, in practice, most CBS affiliates ask pay-TV providers to pass down a 16:9 widescreen presentation by default over their standard definition channels. This continued for CBS until September 24, 2018, when the network converted its on-screen graphical elements to a 16:9 widescreen presentation for all non-news and sports programs. Litton Entertainment continues to frame the graphical elements in their programs for Dream Team within a 4:3 frame due to them being positioned for future syndicated sales, though all of its programming has been in high definition.

Branding

[edit]

Logos

[edit]
CBS Eyemark used since 1951.

The CBS television network's initial logo, used from the 1940s to 1951, consisted of an oval spotlight which shone on the block letters "CBS".[64] The present-day Eye device was conceived by William Golden, based on a Pennsylvania Dutch hex sign and a Shaker drawing. While the logo is commonly attributed to Golden, some design work may have been done by CBS staff designer Georg Olden, one of the first African-Americans to attract some attention in the postwar graphic design field.[65] The Eye device made its broadcast debut on October 20, 1951. The following season, as Golden prepared a new "ident", CBS President Frank Stanton insisted on keeping the Eye device and using it as much as possible. Golden died unexpectedly in 1959, and was replaced by Lou Dorfsman, one of his top assistants, who would go on to oversee all print and on-air graphics for CBS for the next 30 years.

The CBS eye has since become a widely recognized symbol. While the logo has been used in different ways, the Eye device itself has never been redesigned.[66] As part of a then-new graphical identity created by Trollbäck + Company that was used by the network during the 2006–2007 network television season, the eye was placed in a "trademark" position on show titles, days of the week and descriptive words, an approach highly respecting the value of the design. The logo is alternately known as the "Eyemark", a branding used for CBS's domestic television syndication division, under the Eyemark Entertainment name, in the mid-to-late 1990s after Westinghouse Electric bought CBS, but before the King World acquisition (which Eyemark was folded into), and subsequent merger with Viacom; Eyemark Entertainment was the result of the merger of MaXaM Entertainment (an independent television syndication firm which Westinghouse acquired shortly after its merger with CBS in 1996), Group W Productions (Westinghouse Broadcasting's own syndication division), & CBS Enterprises (CBS's syndication arm from the late 1960s to the early 1970s).

The eye logo has served as inspiration for the logos of Associated Television (ATV) in the United Kingdom, Canal 4 in El Salvador, Televisa in Mexico, France 3, Latina Televisión in Peru, Fuji Television in Japan, Rede Bandeirantes and TV Globo in Brazil, and Canal 10 in Uruguay.

In October 2011, the network celebrated the 60th anniversary of the introduction of the Eye logo, featuring special IDs of logo versions from previous CBS image campaigns being shown during the network's primetime lineup.[67]

CBS historically used a specially-commissioned variant of Didot, a close relative to Bodoni, as its corporate font until 2021.[68]

Image campaigns

[edit]

1980s

[edit]

CBS has developed several notable image campaigns, and several of the network's most well-known slogans were introduced in the 1980s. The "Reach for the Stars" campaign used during the 1981–82 season features a space theme to capitalize on both CBS's stellar improvement in the ratings and the historic launch of the space shuttle Columbia. 1982's "Great Moments" juxtaposed scenes from classic CBS programs such as I Love Lucy with scenes from the network's then-current classics such as Dallas and M*A*S*H. From 1983 to 1986, CBS (by now firmly atop the ratings) featured a campaign based on the slogan "We've Got the Touch". Vocals for the campaign's jingle were contributed by Richie Havens (1983–84; one occasion in 1984–85) and Kenny Rogers (1985–86).

The 1986–87 season ushered in the "Share the Spirit of CBS" campaign, the network's first to completely use computer graphics and digital video effects. Unlike most network campaign promos, the full-length version of "Share the Spirit" not only showed a brief clip preview of each new fall series but also utilized CGI effects to map out the entire fall schedule by night. The success of that campaign led to the 1987–88 "CBS Spirit" (or "CBSPIRIT") campaign. Like its predecessor, most "CBSpirit" promos utilized a procession of clips from the network's programs. However, the new graphic motif was a swirling (or "swishing") blue line that was used to represent "the spirit". The full-length promo, like the previous year, had a special portion that identified new fall shows, but the mapped-out fall schedule shot was abandoned.

For the 1988–89 season, CBS unveiled a new image campaign officially known as "Television You Can Feel", but more commonly identified as "You Can Feel It On CBS". The goal was to convey a more sensual, new-age image through distinguished, advanced-looking computer graphics and soothing music, backgrounding images, and clips of emotionally powerful scenes and characters. However, it was this season in which CBS saw its ratings freefall, the deepest in the network's history. CBS ended the decade with "Get Ready for CBS", introduced with the 1989–90 season. The initial version was an ambitious campaign that attempted to elevate CBS out of last place (among the major networks); the motif centered around network stars interacting with each other in a remote studio set, getting ready for photo and television shoots, as well as for the new season on CBS. The high-energy promo song and the campaign's practices saw many customized variations by all of CBS's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates, which participated in the campaign per a network mandate. In addition, for the first time in history, CBS became the first broadcast network to partner with a national retailer (in this case, Kmart) to encourage viewership, with the "CBS/Kmart Get Ready Giveaway".

1990s

[edit]

For the 1990–91 season, the campaign featured a new jingle performed by the Temptations, which featured an altered version of their hit "Get Ready". The early 1990s featured less-than-memorable campaigns, with simplified taglines such as "This is CBS" (1992) and "You're on CBS" (1995). Eventually, the promotions department gained momentum again late in the decade with "Welcome Home to a CBS Night" (1996–1997), shortened to "Welcome Home" (1997–1999), and succeeded by the spin-off campaign "The Address is CBS" (1999–2000), whose history can be traced back to a CBS slogan from the radio era of the 1940s, "The Stars' Address is CBS". During the 1992 season for the end-of-show network identification sequence, a four-note sound mark was introduced, which was eventually adapted into the network's IDs and production company vanity cards following the closing credits of most of its programs during the "Welcome Home" era.

2000s

[edit]

Throughout the 2000s, CBS' rating resurgence was backed by the network's "It's All Here" campaign (which introduced updated versions of the 1992 sound mark used during certain promotions and production company vanity cards during the closing credits of programs); in 2005 campaign introduced the slogan "Everybody's Watching", the network's strategy led to the proclamation that it was "America's Most Watched Network". The network's 2006 campaign introduced the slogan "We Are CBS", with Don LaFontaine providing the voiceover for the IDs (as well as certain network promos) during this period. In 2009, the network introduced a campaign entitled "Only CBS", in which network promotions proclaim several unique qualities it has (the slogan was also used in program promotions following the announcement of the timeslot of a particular program). The "America's Most Watched Network" was re-introduced by CBS in 2011, used alongside the "Only CBS" slogan.[69]

2020s

[edit]

In October 2020, CBS announced that it would begin to employ a more unified branding between the network and its divisions to strengthen brand awareness across platforms. The two main components of the rebranding are a "deconstructed eye" motif using the individual shapes of the eyemark (such as an animated station ID), and a five-note sound trademark developed by the audio design agency Antfood, phonetically resembling the "This is CBS" slogan.[70][71][72]

Alongside the rebranding, CBS Television Studios was renamed CBS Studios, and CBS Television Distribution was renamed CBS Media Ventures. The network also dropped the "America's Most Watched Network" and "Only CBS" taglines, with chief marketing officer Michael Benson explaining that they aimed to "be something where people feel like they are part of the family. It's tough to unify if you're bragging about yourself."[71][72] Due to its programming being licensed to third-party streaming services, CBS programming began to carry a CBS Studios production logo based on the ident when applicable, and are billed with "CBS Original" or "CBS Presents" (specials) bylines in promotional material.[71][73][72]

As part of the rebranding, CBS News and CBS Sports also introduced new logos and imaging incorporating the deconstructed eye motif and sonic branding, with CBS News initially using it for coverage of the 2020 presidential election, and CBS Sports launching its rebrand ahead of Super Bowl LV in 2021.[71][72][74][75] In December 2022, CBS News and Stations began to deploy the branding on the local news operations of CBS's owned-and-operated stations, with most now being branded as "CBS News (region)" to align themselves with CBS News and its chain of local streaming news channels (with some exceptions in markets with heritage station brands, such as KPIX) and adopting new graphics and music incorporating the eye motif and sound mark (replacing Frank Gari's "Enforcer" music package, which was based on a theme historically used by WBBM-TV).[70][76]

International broadcasts

[edit]

CBS programs are shown outside the United States: through various Paramount Global international networks and/or content agreements, and in two North American countries, through U.S.-based CBS stations. Sky News broadcasts the CBS Evening News on its channels serving the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Italy.

Canada

[edit]

In Canada, CBS network programming is carried on cable, satellite, and IPTV providers through affiliates and owned-and-operated stations of the network that are located within proximity to the Canada–United States border (such as KIRO-TV in Seattle; KBJR-DT2 in Duluth, Minnesota: WWJ-TV in Detroit; WIVB-TV in Buffalo, New York; and WCAX-TV in Burlington, Vermont), some of which may also be receivable over-the-air in parts of southern Canada depending on the signal coverage of the station. Most programming is generally the same as it airs in the United States; however, some CBS programming on U.S.-based affiliates permitted for carriage by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission by Canadian cable and satellite providers are subject to simultaneous substitutions, a practice in which a pay television provider supplants an American station's signal with a feed from a Canadian station/network airing a particular program in the same time slot to protect domestic advertising revenue.

Bermuda

[edit]

In Bermuda, CBS maintains an affiliation with Hamilton-based ZBM-TV, locally owned by Bermuda Broadcasting Company.

Mexico

[edit]

CBS programming is available in Mexico through affiliates in markets located within proximity to the Mexico–United States border (such as KYMA-DT/Yuma, Arizona; KVTV/Laredo, Texas; KDBC-TV/El Paso, Texas; KVEO-DT2/Brownsville/Harlingen/McAllen, Texas; and KFMB-TV/San Diego), whose signals are readily receivable over-the-air in border areas of northern Mexico.

Central America, the Dominican Republic and the Caribbean

[edit]

In Central America, the Dominican Republic and the Caribbean, many subscription providers carry either select U.S.-based CBS-affiliated stations or the main network feed from CBS O&Os WCBS-TV in New York City or WFOR-TV in Miami. In addition, network's programming has been available in the U.S. Virgin Islands since 2019 on WCVI-TV in Christiansted (owned by Lilly Broadcasting).

Guam

[edit]

In the U.S. territory of Guam, the network is affiliated with low-power station KUAM-LP in Hagåtña. Entertainment and non-breaking news programming is shown day and date on a one-day broadcast delay, as Guam is located on the west side of the International Date Line (for example, NCIS, which airs on Tuesday nights, is carried on Wednesdays on KUAM-LP, and is advertised by the station as airing on the latter night in on-air promotions), with live programming and breaking news coverage airing as scheduled, meaning live sports coverage often airs early in the morning.

Puerto Rico

[edit]

In the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico, CBS is carried through a special feed of Erie, Pennsylvania affiliate WSEE-TV, relayed via Mayagüez-based translator W22FA-D.

South America

[edit]

In Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil, many subscription providers carry either select U.S.-based CBS-affiliated stations or the main network feed from CBS O&Os WCBS-TV in New York City or WFOR-TV in Miami.[citation needed]

United Kingdom

[edit]

On September 14, 2009, the international arm of CBS, CBS Studios International, reached a joint venture deal with Chellomedia to launch six CBS-branded channels in the United Kingdom – which would respectively replace Zone Romantica, Zone Thriller, Zone Horror, and Zone Reality, as well as timeshift services Zone Horror +1 and Zone Reality +1 – during the fourth quarter of that year.[77][78] On October 1, 2009, it was announced that the first four channels, CBS Reality, CBS Reality +1, CBS Drama, and CBS Action (later CBS Justice), would launch on November 16 respectively replacing Zone Reality, Zone Reality +1, Zone Romantica and Zone Thriller.[79] On April 5, 2010, Zone Horror and Zone Horror +1 were rebranded as Horror Channel and Horror Channel +1.[80][81]

CBS News and BBC News have maintained a news-sharing agreement since 2017, replacing the BBC's longtime agreement with ABC News and CBS' with Sky News (which would have ended in any event in 2018 due to that entity's purchase by NBCUniversal).[82]

As of the close of the Viacom merger on December 4, 2019, Channel 5 is now a sister operation to CBS, though no major changes to CBS' relationship with the BBC are expected shortly, as Channel 5 sub-contracts its news programming obligations to ITN.

Australia

[edit]

Australian free-to-air broadcaster Network 10 has been owned by CBS Corporation since 2017 (and subsequently, Paramount Global). Network 10's channels, 10, 10 Comedy, 10 Drama, and Nickelodeon, all carry CBS programming, with the latter drawing extensively from the wider Paramount Global library including MTV and Nickelodeon. Before the acquisition, CBS had long been a major supplier of international programs to the network. The cost of maintaining program supply agreements with CBS and 21st Century Fox was a major factor in the network's unprofitability during the mid-2010s.[83] Network Ten entered voluntary administration in June 2017.[84] CBS Corporation was the network's largest creditor.[85] CBS Corporation chose to acquire the network, completing the transaction in November 2017.[86]

Asia

[edit]

Hong Kong

[edit]

In Hong Kong, the CBS Evening News was initially broadcast live during the early morning hours on ATV World and replayed on International Business Channel from i-CABLE HOY; networks in that country maintain an agreement to rebroadcast portions of the program 12 hours after the initial broadcast to provide additional content in case their affiliates have insufficient news content to fill time during their local news programs.

Philippines

[edit]

In the Philippines, CBS Evening News is broadcast on satellite network Q (a sister channel of GMA Network which is now GTV), while CBS This Morning is shown in that country on Lifestyle (now Metro Channel). Several CBS entertainment programs such as CSI, Late Show with David Letterman, and Survivor Series are broadcast by Studio 23 (now S+A) and Maxxx, which are both owned by ABS-CBN Corporation. 60 Minutes is currently broadcast on CNN Philippines as a part of their Stories block, which includes documentaries and is broadcast on Wednesday at 8:00 p.m. before CNN Philippines Nightly News with replays in a capacity as a stand-alone program on Saturdays at 8:00 a.m. & 5:00 pm and Sundays at 6:00 a.m, all in local time (UTC + 8).

India

[edit]

In India, CBS maintained a brand licensing agreement with Reliance Broadcast Network Ltd. for three CBS-branded channels: Big CBS Prime, Big CBS Spark, and Big CBS Love. These channels were shut down in late November 2013. Following the CBS-Viacom merger, the Hindi-language general entertainment channel Colors TV became a sister network to CBS through the Viacom18 joint venture with TV18.

Israel

[edit]

In Israel, in 2012 the channels Zone Reality and Zone Romantica were rebranded as CBS Reality and CBS Drama, respectively. The channels were carried by Israeli television providers Yes and Hot, although as of 2018 they both only carry CBS Reality.

Controversies

[edit]

"Gay Power, Gay Politics"

[edit]

On April 26, 1980, CBS aired "Gay Power, Gay Politics", an episode of the CBS Reports documentary series which purported to document the growing political significance of the LGBTQ community in San Francisco. The documentary was accused of purposeful misrepresentation and propagating misinformation, including in its coverage of the 1979 mayoral election.[87] In spite of the documentary's premise, the episode focused largely on gay sexual practices and among other claims, alleged that 10% of deaths in San Francisco were related to BDSM. Journalist George Crile III also attempted to initiate an interview with then mayor Dianne Feinstein by asking her "how does it feel to be the mayor of Sodom and Gomorrah?" The documentary was aired at a time when the Christian right in the United States sought to use homophobic sentiment as a political tactic.[88] Six months after the episode aired, the National News Council, in response to a complaint by journalist Randy Alfred, found that CBS had violated journalistic standards in airing the program.[89][90]

Brown & Williamson interview

[edit]

In 1995, CBS refused to air a 60 Minutes segment that featured an interview with a former president of research and development for Brown & Williamson, the U.S.'s third largest tobacco company. The controversy raised questions about the legal roles in decision-making and whether journalistic standards should be compromised despite legal pressures and threats. The decision nevertheless sent shockwaves throughout the television industry, the journalism community, and the country.[91] This incident was the basis for the 1999 Michael Mann-directed drama film, The Insider.

Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy

[edit]

In 2004, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) imposed a record $550,000 fine, the largest fine ever for a violation of federal decency laws, against CBS for an incident during its broadcast of Super Bowl XXXVIII in which singer Janet Jackson's right breast (which was partially covered by a piece of nipple jewelry) was briefly and accidentally exposed by guest performer Justin Timberlake at the end of a duet performance of Timberlake's 2003 single "Rock Your Body" during the halftime show (produced by then sister cable network MTV).[92] Following the incident, CBS apologized to its viewers and denied foreknowledge of the incident, which was televised live. The incident resulted in a period of increased regulation of broadcast television and radio outlets (including self-imposed content regulation by networks and syndicators), which raised concerns surrounding censorship and freedom of speech,[93] and resulted in the FCC voting to increase its maximum fine for indecency violations from US$27,500 to US$325,000.[94] In 2008, a Philadelphia federal court annulled the fine imposed on CBS, labeling it "arbitrary and capricious".[95]

Killian documents controversy

[edit]

On September 8, 2004, less than two months before the Presidential election in which he defeated Democratic candidate John Kerry, CBS aired a controversial episode of 60 Minutes Wednesday, which questioned then-President George W. Bush's service in the Air National Guard in 1972 and 1973.[96] Following allegations of forgery, CBS News admitted that four of the documents used in the story had not been properly authenticated and admitted that their source, Bill Burkett, had admitted to having "deliberately misled" a CBS News producer who worked on the report, about the documents' origins out of a confidentiality promise to the actual source.[97][98] The following January, CBS fired four people connected to the preparation of the segment.[99] Former CBS news anchor Dan Rather filed a $70 million lawsuit against CBS and former corporate parent Viacom in September 2007, contending the story, and his termination (he resigned as CBS News chief anchor in 2005), were mishandled.[100][101] Parts of the suit were dismissed in 2008;[102] subsequently in 2010, the entire suit was dismissed and Rather's motion to appeal was denied.[103]

Hopper controversy

[edit]

In January 2013, CNET named Dish Network's "Hopper with Sling" digital video recorder as a nominee for the CES "Best in Show" award (which is decided by CNET on behalf of its organizers, the Consumer Electronics Association), and named it the winner in a vote by the site's staff. However, CBS division CBS Interactive disqualified the Hopper and vetoed the results as CBS was in active litigation with Dish Network over its AutoHop technology (which allows users to skip commercial advertisements during recorded programs).[104] CNET announced that it would no longer review any product or service provided by companies that CBS Corporation was in litigation with. The "Best in Show" award was instead given to the Razer Edge tablet.[105][106][107] On January 14, 2013, CNET editor-in-chief Lindsey Turrentine said in a statement that its staff was in an "impossible" situation due to the conflict of interest posed by the lawsuit, and promised to prevent a similar incident from occurring again. The conflict also prompted the resignation of CNET senior writer Greg Sandoval.[106] As a result of the controversy, the CEA announced on January 31, 2013, that CNET will no longer decide the CES Best in Show award winner due to the interference of CBS (with the position being offered to other technology publications), and the "Best in Show" award was jointly awarded to both the Hopper with Sling and Razer Edge.[107][108]

Harassment allegations

[edit]

In July 2018, an article by Ronan Farrow in The New Yorker claimed that thirty "current and former CBS employees described harassment, gender discrimination, or retaliation" at CBS and six women accused Les Moonves of harassment and intimidation.[109] Following these allegations, it was reported on September 6, 2018, that CBS board members were negotiating Les Moonves's departure from the company.[110]

On September 9, 2018, The New Yorker reported that six additional women (in addition to the six original women reported in July) had raised accusations against Moonves, going back to the 1980s.[111] Following this, Moonves resigned the same day as chief executive of CBS.[112]

Alleged capitulation to Donald Trump Administration

[edit]

In 2025, some criticized CBS for seeming to capitulate to the second Donald Trump administration, allegedly in part to gain federal government approval for the Skydance-Paramount merger.

In April, in response to a lawsuit filed by Trump, 60 Minutes editor Bill Owens resigned, saying "he no longer has control of the show."[113]

On July 17, Stephen Colbert announced that his version of the Late Show was cancelled effective May 2026 at the conclusion of his current contract, and that the entire Late Show franchise would be retired at this time. While CBS called the decision "purely financial", many were skeptical of the network's true motivations about ending the long-running late night program, especially as the decision came almost immediately after Colbert had publicly called CBS's $16 million payment to the Trump Administration "a big fat bribe", the pending Skydance merger was approved soon after by the Trump-controlled FCC, and Trump publicly celebrated Colbert's firing. Other late night hosts spoke out in support of Colbert, with several appearing in cameo roles on the July 20 episode of the Late Show to offer their support.[114]

Presidents of CBS Entertainment

[edit]
CBS Entertainment logo
Executive Term
Arthur Judson 1927–1928
William S. Paley 1928–1946
Frank Stanton 1946–1971
Louis Cowan 1957–1959
James Thomas Aubrey 1959–1965[115]
Michael Dann 1963–1970
Fred Silverman 1970–1975
Arthur R. Taylor 1972–1976[116]
John Backe 1976–1980[117]
B. Donald Grant 1980–1987[118][119]
Kim LeMasters 1987–1990[118][120]
Jeff Sagansky 1990–1994[120]
Peter Tortorici 1994–1995
Leslie Moonves 1995–1998[121]
Nancy Tellem 1998–2004[121]
Nina Tassler 2004–2015[122]
Glenn Geller 2015–2017[122]
Kelly Kahl 2017–2022[123][124]
Amy Reisenbach 2022–present[124]

See also

[edit]

Notes

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References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
CBS is a major American commercial broadcast television and radio network, serving as the flagship broadcast property of Paramount Skydance Corporation following the 2025 merger of with . Originating as the United Independent Broadcasters radio network in 1927, it was acquired and renamed Columbia Broadcasting System in September 1928 by , who expanded it into a dominant force in radio through innovative programming and affiliate strategies before launching television operations in 1941. Under Paley's leadership, CBS pioneered key broadcasting advancements, including early experiments and the development of high-profile news and entertainment formats that established its reputation for quality production, earning it the nickname "Tiffany Network" for sophistication in programming like the investigative series , which has topped ratings for decades. The network has consistently ranked as one of the most-watched in the United States, achieving 17 consecutive seasons as America's top network by viewership through hits in drama, comedy, and sports. CBS's news division, , has garnered numerous awards for but has also been embroiled in significant controversies, including the 2004 Killian documents incident that led to anchor Dan Rather's resignation amid questions of source verification and editorial lapses. More recently, has faced criticism for left-leaning in story selection and coverage, prompting the incoming ownership in 2025 to implement measures such as appointing a bias monitor to address concerns raised by political figures including . These issues highlight ongoing debates about objectivity in institutions, where empirical analyses from bias rating organizations consistently rate as leaning left.

History

Founding and Early Radio Operations (1927–1930s)

The Columbia Broadcasting System originated from the United Independent Broadcasters (UIB), established on January 27, 1927, in Chicago by talent agent Arthur L. Judson as a counter to the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), which had excluded Judson's musical clients from its programming roster. Judson, a former manager of concert artists frustrated by NBC's dominance under David Sarnoff, aimed to create an independent network linking stations for shared content, initially securing affiliations with stations like WOR in Newark and others across the Northeast. The network's inaugural broadcast occurred on September 18, 1927, originating from WOR studios in New York and carried by 16 affiliated stations, featuring a live orchestra performance that marked the debut of chain broadcasting outside NBC's control. Facing financial difficulties due to limited advertising revenue and operational costs, UIB partnered with the Columbia Phonograph Company in early 1928 for recording and distribution support, rebranding as the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System. On September 25, 1928, 27-year-old , leveraging profits from his family's cigar business, acquired a controlling stake for $400,000 borrowed from his father, assuming the presidency and shifting focus to aggressive affiliate recruitment and advertiser incentives like time sales commissions. Paley reorganized the network as the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), dropping the "Phonographic" moniker after severing ties with , and by December 1928 purchased New York station WABC as its flagship for $390,000 to serve as the primary origination point. In the late and early , CBS expanded its reach amid economic challenges, completing a transcontinental feed to the West Coast by to enable national programming distribution. Initial programming emphasized live music and variety shows to attract sponsors, but Paley prioritized affiliate profitability over centralized control, contrasting NBC's model and fostering growth to approximately 100 stations by the mid- through incentives and talent acquisition. During the , CBS diversified into news after declining an franchise, launching its own service; on September 29, 1930, hosted the first daily CBS news broadcast, establishing a format of objective reporting that bolstered listener engagement and ad revenue despite industry contraction. This era solidified CBS as a viable NBC rival, with programming innovations in serialized dramas and celebrity-driven shows sustaining operations through Paley's emphasis on commercial viability over artistic prestige.

Expansion into Television and Network Formation (1940s–1950s)

CBS began experimental television broadcasts in the late 1930s, with its New York station W2XAB transmitting programs as early as 1931, though commercial operations were authorized later. On , 1941, WCBS-TV in launched as one of the first commercial television stations, offering limited programming including news bulletins and variety shows amid the pre-World War II TV infancy. Growth stalled during the war due to federal restrictions on television sets and equipment, limiting the network to its flagship outlet and sporadic affiliates. Postwar, under president Frank Stanton—who assumed leadership in 1946—CBS aggressively pursued television expansion, constructing studios in New York and and investing in infrastructure to rival radio operations. Stanton, leveraging his background in audience research, prioritized compatible black-and-white to build viewership rapidly, despite CBS's parallel development of a mechanical color system approved by the FCC in October 1950 but later suspended amid the and compatibility concerns. By 1948, the CBS Television Network formally coalesced with WCAU-TV in as its inaugural affiliate, enabling coast-to-coast linkage via coaxial cables and microwave relays for live programming distribution. This marked the shift from isolated stations to a cohesive network structure, with initial feeds including news, dramas, and borrowed radio talent adaptations. The 1950s saw explosive affiliate growth, from fewer than 10 in 1948 to over 100 by mid-decade, fueled by rising TV set ownership—from 5,000 households in 1946 to 30 million by 1955—and CBS's programming innovations like filmed series and live events. Key acquisitions included owned-and-operated stations such as WCBS-TV (New York), KNXT (Los Angeles, signed on 1948), and WBBM-TV (Chicago, 1940s expansion), bolstering signal coverage to 90% of U.S. households by 1956. Stanton's strategies emphasized empirical viewership data over speculative ventures, enabling CBS to surpass NBC in prime-time ratings by 1955 through hits like I Love Lucy (premiered 1951, drawing 40 million viewers weekly) and news expansions under Don Hewitt. This era solidified CBS's transition from radio dominance to television leadership, though its color TV insistence temporarily hindered monochrome adoption.

Dominance in the Broadcast Era (1960s–1980s)

During the , CBS maintained its position as the leading American broadcast network, consistently topping Nielsen ratings with rural-themed programming that appealed to broad family audiences, including hits like , which ranked number one in the 1962–1963 season with a 39.2 household rating. Under the leadership of founder as chairman and Frank Stanton as president from 1946 to 1971, CBS expanded its television infrastructure and prioritized high-viewership content, surpassing rivals and ABC in prime-time dominance through much of the decade. This era's success stemmed from empirical viewer data showing strong raw audience numbers, though advertisers increasingly valued demographic profiles over sheer volume. A pivotal shift occurred in 1971 with the "Rural Purge," when CBS executives canceled several top-rated rural sitcoms—such as The Beverly Hillbillies, Green Acres, and Mayberry R.F.D.—despite their high Nielsen rankings, to pivot toward urban-oriented programming targeting younger, affluent suburban viewers preferred by sponsors. This decision reflected causal pressures from evolving measurement practices, as Nielsen introduced demographic breakdowns revealing rural audiences as older and lower-income, less attractive for premium ad rates, prompting a calculated risk that initially disrupted short-term ratings but aligned with long-term revenue realism. The purge enabled the introduction of groundbreaking shows like Norman Lear's All in the Family, which debuted in 1971 and quickly became the decade's top program, averaging 20.6 million viewers and securing CBS's prime-time lead for multiple seasons through the 1970s. CBS's news division further solidified its broadcast supremacy, with anchored by achieving unrivaled ratings from the late 1960s onward, drawing 27 to 30 million nightly viewers by the —overtaking NBC's Huntley-Brinkley Report and maintaining dominance until Cronkite's 1981 retirement. Programs like , launched in 1968, also contributed to sustained leadership, frequently ranking among the top ten shows by the and exemplifying CBS's blend of and mass appeal that drove empirical viewership gains. Into the , CBS held the number-one spot in prime-time ratings for seasons like 1979–1980, buoyed by enduring hits, though emerging cable competition began eroding overall network shares.

Corporate Restructuring and Mergers (1990s–2010s)

In the early 1990s, CBS faced financial pressures under the leadership of , who had assumed control in 1986 and implemented aggressive cost-cutting measures, including layoffs and divestitures of non-core assets, amid declining network ratings and competition from . These challenges culminated in the company's sale to on August 1, 1995, for $5.4 billion in cash, or approximately $81 per share, marking the end of CBS's as a publicly traded entity focused primarily on . The acquisition, which integrated Westinghouse's Group W operations into CBS, received final (FCC) approval on November 23, 1995, and closed on November 24, 1995, with shareholders receiving $82.065 per share. Following the merger, Westinghouse divested its industrial and non-broadcast assets, such as appliances and energy divisions, to refocus on media, and rebranded itself as in 1997, positioning the entity as a pure-play broadcaster with ownership of the CBS Network, radio stations, and local television outlets. This restructuring aimed to streamline operations amid the shift toward media conglomerates, though it exposed CBS to regulatory scrutiny over ownership concentration. By the late , under new management including president Mel , CBS pursued growth through acquisitions of additional television stations to bolster its owned-and-operated network. The most transformative event occurred on April 26, 2000, when CBS merged with Viacom Inc. in a $44 billion stock-and-cash transaction engineered by Viacom chairman , creating one of the largest media conglomerates with combined assets including CBS's broadcast properties, Viacom's Networks, , and . The deal, announced in 1999, required FCC waivers for rules on network ownership and cross-ownership, which were granted on May 3, 2000, allowing 12 months for compliance with the dual network rule prohibiting common ownership of multiple major networks. Post-merger, the entity operated as Viacom Inc., with Karmazin as CEO and Redstone retaining control, enabling synergies in content distribution but also integrating disparate business models of broadcast and cable. By 2005, divergent growth trajectories—CBS's mature broadcast and radio assets versus Viacom's faster-expanding cable and film segments—prompted a corporate split announced on March 16, 2005, and finalized on December 31, 2005, separating the companies into independent publicly traded entities: the new , encompassing the CBS Network, , radio stations, television production, and outdoor advertising (later divested), led by Leslie Moonves as president and CEO; and a restructured Viacom focused on cable networks like and . The , driven by Redstone to unlock through distinct valuations, complied with evolving FCC regulations on media ownership limits and allowed CBS to prioritize local station acquisitions and digital transitions in the without the drag of underperforming cable synergies. Through the decade, CBS Corporation expanded its portfolio by purchasing additional owned-and-operated stations, such as those from in select markets, reinforcing its duopoly exemptions and market reach ahead of over-the-air digital shifts.

Integration with Paramount and Skydance Acquisition (2019–2025)

CBS Corporation merged with Viacom Inc. on December 4, 2019, after the deal was announced on August 13, 2019, creating ViacomCBS Inc. and reuniting media assets separated in a 2006 corporate split orchestrated by Sumner Redstone. The new entity, controlled by Shari Redstone through National Amusements Inc., combined CBS's broadcast television operations, including news and sports programming, with Viacom's cable networks such as MTV and Nickelodeon, alongside Paramount Pictures. Trading of ViacomCBS Class A and Class B shares commenced on the Nasdaq on December 5, 2019, under tickers VIACA and VIAC. Post-merger integration emphasized cost synergies and content aggregation for streaming platforms, amid industry-wide shifts from linear television to driven by trends. ViacomCBS launched and expanded in 2021, aiming to compete with established services like and Disney+, but faced ongoing revenue pressures from declining cable subscriptions and high content investment costs. On February 15, 2022, the company rebranded as effective the following day, prioritizing the Paramount brand across its film, television, and streaming assets to streamline identity in a converged media landscape. By 2023, reported substantial net losses, exceeding $500 million in some quarters, attributed to streaming deficits and macroeconomic factors, prompting exploration of sale or merger options. Negotiations with , led by , began in early 2024 but temporarily collapsed in June before resuming. On July 7, 2024, Paramount's board approved a merger agreement with Skydance, involving an $8 billion transaction that included acquiring for $2.4 billion and injecting $1.5 billion in capital for non-voting shares. The deal received U.S. Department of Justice antitrust clearance and FCC approval for the transfer of control over Paramount and CBS licenses on July 24, 2025. The merger completed on August 7, 2025, forming New Paramount Corporation with Ellison as chairman and CEO, ending Redstone family control and positioning Skydance to integrate its animation and sports media capabilities with Paramount's portfolio. Post-closure, the entity planned workforce reductions of approximately 2,000 U.S. employees starting the week of October 27, 2025, to achieve operational efficiencies amid persistent streaming challenges.

Corporate Governance and Ownership

Evolution of Ownership Structures

CBS originated as a in 1927 when acquired United Independent Broadcasters Inc. and renamed it the Columbia Broadcasting System, establishing family-influenced control that persisted through its expansion into television. As a publicly traded , CBS maintained dispersed ownership, but Paley's strategic oversight defined its structure until his departure as chairman in 1983. In 1986, Laurence Tisch's gained effective control to avert a hostile takeover by , shifting focus to operational efficiencies and asset sales during Tisch's CEO tenure from 1986 to 1995. In 1995, purchased CBS for $5.4 billion, incorporating it into a diversified portfolio before divesting non-media assets. Westinghouse announced plans to rebrand as in February 1997 and formally adopted the name on , 1997, emphasizing as its core business. In December 1999, Sumner Redstone's Viacom acquired CBS in a $48 billion transaction, consolidating it under Viacom's entertainment holdings with retaining via Redstone family shares. The Viacom-CBS entity separated in September 2006 into independent and Viacom Inc., restoring CBS as a standalone focused on while maintained influence over both. On August 13, 2019, and Viacom announced a $30 billion all-stock merger, completed December 4, 2019, forming ViacomCBS with enhanced content and distribution synergies under continued control. ViacomCBS rebranded to effective February 16, 2022, aligning its identity with streaming and film assets. Paramount Global agreed to merge with Skydance Media on July 7, 2024, in an $8 billion deal that included acquiring ' controlling stake. The transaction received FCC approval on July 24, 2025, after concessions addressing regulatory concerns, and closed on August 7, 2025, establishing Skydance-led ownership with as chairman and CEO of the resulting entity. This structure integrates Skydance's production expertise with Paramount's broadcast and studio operations, marking CBS's latest transition to external media investment leadership.

Key Leadership Figures and Presidents

William S. Paley acquired majority control of the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System in 1928 and renamed it the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), serving as its president until 1946 while transforming it into a leading radio network through aggressive affiliate expansion and talent acquisition. He subsequently held the position of chairman until 1983, exerting influence over strategic decisions including the network's pivot to television, though he briefly returned as chairman from 1987 until his death on October 26, 1990. Frank Stanton, a who joined CBS in 1935, succeeded Paley as president in 1946 and led the company for 25 years until 1971, overseeing the technological and programming shifts that established CBS's television supremacy, including the development of color broadcasting standards and landmark news coverage. Stanton's administration emphasized journalistic independence, exemplified by his 1971 refusal to surrender outtakes of a protest to the Justice Department, a stance that affirmed broadcast media's First Amendment protections despite government pressure. He remained vice chairman until 1973, during which CBS achieved peak ratings dominance with programs like and . In the post-Stanton era, leadership transitioned amid corporate challenges, with Laurence A. Tisch assuming CEO duties in 1986 following Paley's ouster of prior executives, implementing austerity measures that reduced staff by thousands to counter declining ad revenues and competition from cable. After CBS's 1999 merger into Viacom and the 2006 spin-off as , directed operations as president and CEO from 2006 to 2018, focusing on franchise reboots like CSI and NCIS to drive profitability, though his tenure ended amid investigations into workplace harassment claims. Joe Ianniello served as acting CEO of CBS Corporation from September 2018 to December 2019, navigating the $30 billion merger with Viacom to form ViacomCBS (later Paramount Global) and retaining oversight of CBS assets as chairman and CEO post-merger. George Cheeks assumed the role of president and CEO of CBS in March 2020, managing broadcast, streaming integration via Paramount+, and content strategy amid cord-cutting pressures, with reported 2023 revenues for CBS Television Network exceeding $10 billion from advertising and syndication. Following Paramount Global's July 2024 agreement to merge with Skydance Media, completed in 2025, Cheeks was elevated to chair of TV Media in August 2025, continuing to lead CBS operations under the restructured entity valued at $28 billion. Within CBS divisions, Amy Reisenbach has presided over CBS Entertainment since 2022, greenlighting hits like Tracker and Matlock reboot.

Regulatory Interactions and FCC Approvals

The (FCC) has regulated CBS since its early days as a radio and television broadcaster, enforcing rules on content, ownership, and licensing under the Communications Act of 1934. Notable early interactions included scrutiny over news programming; in 1971, the FCC cited CBS for violating standards against deliberate distortion in the documentary Hunger in America, though no fine was ultimately imposed after CBS appealed. Similarly, under the —requiring balanced coverage of controversial issues—the U.S. Supreme Court in CBS v. (1973) upheld the FCC's position that broadcasters like CBS were not obligated to accept paid editorial advertisements, affirming editorial discretion while maintaining public interest obligations. A prominent enforcement action occurred following the 2004 Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show broadcast by CBS, where performer Janet Jackson's "wardrobe malfunction" exposed her breast, leading the FCC to issue a $550,000 fine in 2006—$27,500 per each of CBS's 20 owned-and-operated stations—for broadcasting indecent material. The FCC argued the violation was willful, but CBS contested the penalty, citing lack of intent and pre-broadcast safeguards; the Third Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the fine in 2008 and 2011, and the declined review in 2012, effectively nullifying it due to inconsistent FCC policy application. FCC approvals have been pivotal for CBS's corporate evolution, particularly amid ownership consolidations. The agency greenlit Viacom's $37 billion acquisition of CBS in 1999, waiving certain cross-ownership restrictions to permit the merger despite CBS's status as a major network, reflecting deregulatory trends under the Telecommunications Act of 1996. This was followed by approval of the 2019 reunion of and Viacom into ViacomCBS (later ), which transferred control of CBS's broadcast licenses without significant divestitures. Most recently, on July 24, 2025, the FCC approved Skydance Media's $8 billion acquisition of —including 28 CBS owned-and-operated television stations—in a 2-1 partisan vote, conditioned on commitments to preserve and entertainment programming access; the approval came after Paramount settled a $16 million related to a interview, amid broader FCC scrutiny of CBS for alleged news distortion in coverage of public figures. Ongoing regulatory tensions include a 2025 FCC probe into for potential "news distortion," echoing historical precedents and raising questions about license renewals for affiliates, with critics arguing it represents influenced by political shifts rather than uniform standards. These interactions underscore the FCC's role in balancing CBS's commercial operations against mandates, though decisions have varied with commission composition and legal challenges.

Broadcasting Infrastructure

Owned-and-Operated Stations

CBS owns and operates sixteen full-power television stations that serve as affiliates of the CBS network, providing direct control over content distribution, production, and in . These stations reach approximately 32% of U.S. television households and prioritize CBS primetime, daytime, and sports programming alongside market-specific and public affairs content. The O&Os benefit from shared resources within , including centralized digital operations and investigative reporting support. In many markets, CBS pairs its O&O with a in a duopoly structure, allowing cross-promotion and operational efficiencies; for example, in operates alongside independent , while WCBS-TV in New York shares facilities with . Such arrangements, approved under FCC duopoly rules, enhance local dominance but have drawn scrutiny for potential . On June 2, 2025, CBS announced the relocation of its Atlanta affiliation to owned station WUPA-TV (channel 69) effective August 16, 2025, shifting from Gray Television's and expanding the O&O portfolio to sixteen stations for improved integration and news expansion in the market. The following table enumerates the CBS owned-and-operated stations by primary market:
MarketCall Sign
WUPA-TV
Dallas/Fort WorthKTVT-TV
Miami/Fort Lauderdale
Minneapolis/St. Paul
New YorkWCBS-TV
SacramentoKOVR-TV
/Oakland
These stations maintain VHF and UHF allocations optimized for over-the-air reach, with many transitioning to for enhanced signal quality where infrastructure allows. Local on O&Os, such as those from WCBS-TV and , consistently outperform competitors in Nielsen ratings due to established viewer loyalty and investment in digital streaming extensions.

Affiliate Relations and Coverage

CBS distributes its national programming to local television stations through a dual structure of owned-and-operated (O&O) stations and independent affiliates. The network owns and operates 15 stations in key markets, including WCBS-TV in New York, KCBS-TV in , and in , which serve as flagships for programming delivery and local content production. Affiliates, owned by entities such as Gray Media, Nexstar, and Sinclair, number approximately 230, enabling comprehensive national distribution while allowing local advertising and insertion. Affiliation agreements typically span several years and specify requirements for clearing network programming, with affiliates retaining rights to for local or under certain conditions. Compensation between CBS and affiliates has shifted from a traditional model where networks paid stations for airtime to a more reciprocal arrangement influenced by the 1992 and Act's retransmission consent provisions. Affiliates now share portions of retransmission fees collected from multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) like cable and operators, though CBS has increasingly imposed fixed reverse compensation fees on affiliates, prompting pushback from station groups seeking percentage-based models tied to . In 2025, disputes escalated, with around 70 affiliates criticizing CBS's fee demands as "draconian" and threatening the viability of local broadcasting amid the Paramount Global-Skydance Media acquisition, leading to negotiations over fee structures and affiliate protections. Recent renewals underscore the ongoing importance of these relations for coverage stability. In June 2025, CBS extended agreements with Gray Media for 52 markets, covering a significant portion of Gray's portfolio and maintaining access to over 30% of U.S. households through those stations alone. Similarly, a July 2024 multiyear deal with Nexstar renewed affiliations in 42 markets, including major areas like and , ensuring continuity for primetime, news, and sports content. These pacts often include provisions for digital multicast channels and streaming integration, adapting to trends. Geographic coverage via affiliates and O&Os extends to nearly all 210 Nielsen-designated market areas (), reaching the vast majority of U.S. television households and enabling of events like games and elections. While rare, affiliation terminations occur, as seen with Atlanta's ( News First) planning to drop CBS after 31 years in 2025 to operate independently, potentially requiring CBS to secure a replacement affiliate in that market. Such shifts highlight the competitive dynamics, where affiliates weigh network programming value against local revenue opportunities from alternatives like or independence.

Technical Standards and Transitions

CBS developed an experimental field-sequential system in the early , transmitting images sequentially in red, green, and blue using a rotating filter wheel in the camera and receiver. On , 1950, the (FCC) approved this CBS system as the U.S. national standard for color broadcasting, citing its superior picture quality over competing proposals. The system operated at 405 lines resolution and 144 fields per second, but it required specialized color receivers and was incompatible with the existing monochrome standard, rendering it unwatchable on standard black-and-white sets. Commercial color broadcasting under the CBS standard commenced on June 25, 1951, with the Talent Scouts program as the inaugural telecast, marking the first regular network color programming in the U.S. However, the system's incompatibility limited adoption, as no affordable color sets were available to the public, and the halted manufacturing of new television equipment. CBS suspended color broadcasts on , 1951, and petitioned to withdraw the standard in 1953 after the FCC shifted to the backward-compatible color system developed by RCA and others. This transition enabled CBS to integrate color into its analog framework, with full network color capability achieved by 1965, though gradual adoption persisted due to equipment costs and programming priorities. In the digital era, CBS adhered to the for high-definition and digital terrestrial broadcasting. The network began regular high-definition (HD) transmissions in the late 1990s, pioneering HDTV primetime series, daytime shows, and live sports events, such as NFL games, ahead of competitors. CBS completed the nationwide analog-to-digital transition on June 12, 2009, as required by federal mandate, shifting all owned-and-operated stations and affiliates to ATSC 1.0 digital signals, which supported HD formats like resolution for most programming. This shift improved signal efficiency and enabled multicasting, allowing stations to air multiple subchannels alongside primary HD feeds. As of 2025, select CBS affiliates have begun deploying (branded as NextGen TV), an advanced standard offering , (HDR), immersive audio, and interactive features like and program pausing, while maintaining compatibility via simulcasting with ATSC 1.0. Network-wide rollout remains incremental, pending FCC approvals and receiver availability, with voluntary adoption focused on enhancing over-the-air delivery without disrupting legacy signals.

Content Production and Programming

Primetime Dramas, Sitcoms, and Entertainment

CBS's primetime programming has historically emphasized scripted dramas and sitcoms that prioritize broad appeal through procedural formats and multi-camera comedies, contributing to the network's dominance in total viewership. In the 1950s, (1951–1957) established CBS as a leader in sitcoms, securing the top ratings spot for four of its six seasons and averaging household ratings above 40 in peak years. Similarly, the Western drama (1955–1975) ran for 20 seasons and 635 episodes, topping Nielsen ratings for four consecutive years from 1957 to 1961 and exemplifying early success in action-oriented storytelling. The 1960s and 1970s saw CBS leverage rural-themed sitcoms and socially provocative comedies for sustained high ratings, with The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–1971) achieving the number-one spot for two seasons and drawing over 50 million viewers at its peak. All in the Family (1971–1979), created by Norman Lear, broke records as the highest-rated series for five consecutive seasons, averaging 20.6 million viewers per episode during its run and shifting toward urban, issue-driven narratives following the network's "rural purge" of lighter fare. By the late 20th century, CBS transitioned to crime procedurals, launching the CSI franchise with CSI: Crime Scene Investigation in 2000, which averaged 20.8 million viewers in its debut season and peaked at 26.3 million in season five, spawning spin-offs like CSI: Miami and CSI: NY that popularized forensic science-driven plots. Into the 2000s and beyond, procedurals solidified CBS's primetime strength, with NCIS (premiering 2003) becoming one of the longest-running scripted series, surpassing 20 seasons and ranking as the top broadcast drama for 13 of its first 14 years while consistently drawing over 10 million viewers. Sitcoms like (2007–2019) mirrored this success, ending with a viewed by 18 million people and maintaining multi-camera dominance through syndication appeal. This formula—episodic resolutions in dramas and relatable ensemble humor in sitcoms—has underpinned CBS's record 17 consecutive seasons as the most-watched primetime network through 2025, outperforming competitors in total audience metrics despite fragmented viewing habits.

Daytime, Late-Night, and Reality Formats

CBS daytime programming has historically emphasized soap operas and game shows, with the latter dominating viewership metrics. The Price Is Right, revived on CBS in 1972, remains the network's longest-running daytime staple and consistently ranks as the top-rated daytime program, averaging 3.95 million viewers in the 2024-2025 season and holding the #1 position for 691 of the previous 701 weeks. CBS secured its 39th consecutive season as the #1 daytime network in 2024-2025, driven by The Price Is Right alongside soaps The Young and the Restless (3.29 million viewers) and The Bold and the Beautiful. However, the soap opera lineup has contracted due to declining audiences; Guiding Light, which aired from 1952 until its cancellation in 2009 amid falling ratings, and As the World Turns, which ran from 1956 to 2010, marked the end of CBS's multi-soap era, leaving only two scripted serials by 2010. Late-night programming on CBS originated with , which premiered on August 30, 1993, and ran for 4,263 episodes until May 20, 2015, establishing a format blending , comedy sketches, and celebrity interviews that influenced the genre. Letterman, transitioning from NBC's Late Night, hosted for over two decades, surpassing Johnny Carson's longevity record in 2013 before retiring. succeeded him with The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, debuting on September 8, 2015, and continuing the franchise's emphasis on topical humor and musical performances, though CBS announced its conclusion in May 2026 after 33 years of the overall Late Show run. CBS pioneered competitive reality formats with Survivor, which premiered on May 31, 2000, and introduced survival challenges, alliances, and eliminations to American audiences, sparking the reality TV boom by demonstrating high profitability through low production costs relative to scripted content. The series' debut season drew massive initial viewership, leading to over 40 iterations and crossovers, while influencing shows network-wide by proving unscripted competition's appeal in an era of rising cable fragmentation. Complementing this, Big Brother launched in 2000, featuring continuous house and viewer-influenced evictions across 27 seasons by 2025, with its July 10, 2025, premiere marking a 25-year milestone through adaptations like celebrity editions that sustained summer scheduling. Other reality efforts, such as (2001 debut), expanded CBS's portfolio but Survivor and Big Brother remain core drivers, with the former credited for shifting industry reliance toward reality due to its cultural and ratings impact.

News, Sports, and Special Events Coverage

CBS News division has provided daily national and international reporting since the network's early television era, with flagship programs including CBS Evening News, which debuted in its modern form on September 2, 1963, under anchor Walter Cronkite, and 60 Minutes, an investigative magazine format launched on September 24, 1968. 60 Minutes has maintained strong viewership, ranking No. 1 in total viewers for eight of the last 12 seasons through 2024, including four consecutive wins. The evening newscast experienced a 39% year-over-year viewership increase across related programs in recent measurements, marking the first sustained large audiences in over a decade. Despite high factual reporting ratings from independent evaluators, CBS News has faced criticisms of left-center bias in story selection, particularly in political coverage, as assessed by media bias analyses. In sports broadcasting, CBS holds rights to (AFC) NFL games, a package reacquired in 1998 after an earlier run from 1956 to 1993, enabling coverage of regular-season matchups and playoffs. The network airs select NCAA games, including Big Ten Conference contests under a seven-year deal starting July 1, 2023, through the 2029-30 season. also contributes to NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament coverage via a long-term multimedia agreement with Turner Sports, extended in 2016 for eight years, encompassing the March Madness bracket. Special events coverage includes landmark historical moments and high-profile spectacles. On November 22, 1963, CBS interrupted regular programming for continuous reporting on President John F. Kennedy's in , with anchor delivering the on-air confirmation of at 2:38 p.m. EST, an event credited with elevating television's role in crisis journalism. CBS has broadcast multiple Super Bowls, including on February 11, 2024, which drew 123.4 million viewers—the most-watched single-network telecast in U.S. history—and on February 9, 2025, with 127.7 million viewers, setting a new overall record. Election nights, such as the prolonged 1960 presidential contest between Kennedy and Nixon, underscored CBS's early prominence in live political analysis. Controversies in special events reporting, including the 2004 60 Minutes segment on George W. Bush's service relying on disputed documents, led to anchor Dan Rather's resignation and highlighted challenges in source verification.

Children's and Educational Content

Captain Kangaroo, hosted by , aired weekday mornings on CBS from October 3, 1955, to December 1984, delivering educational content aimed at preschoolers through segments on reading, science, music, and , while promoting values like and responsibility. The program featured recurring characters and guest educators, reaching millions of children daily and influencing early childhood television by prioritizing gentle, non-commercial learning over high-energy formats. CBS's Saturday morning lineup from the onward included with embedded educational elements, such as Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972–1985), which tackled topics like , , and through storylines resolved by moral discussions among characters. Between cartoons, the "In the News" segments (1971–1986) provided brief, age-appropriate reports on real-world events, fostering civic awareness in young viewers. Following the 1990 Children's Television Act mandating three hours of educational/informational (E/I) programming weekly, CBS rebranded its blocks to emphasize compliance, launching Think CBS Kids in 1997 with live-action series focused on science, history, and problem-solving. Subsequent partnerships, including Nick Jr. on CBS (2000–2006), aired interactive shows like (1996–2006 episodes) and (1999–2011 episodes), designed to teach problem-solving, vocabulary, and cooperation via viewer participation. In the streaming era, CBS All Access (launched 2014, rebranded Paramount+ in 2021) added over 1,000 episodes of children's programming by November 2019, incorporating E/I-compliant titles alongside classics to support family viewing with structured learning content. These efforts maintained CBS's tradition of blending entertainment with verifiable educational outcomes, though viewership shifted toward on-demand platforms amid declining linear broadcast audiences for children's blocks post-2000.

News Division Operations

Structure of CBS News and Affiliates

CBS News functions as the dedicated news division of the CBS broadcast network, headquartered in , with a structure that integrates national editorial operations, production teams, and distribution to both owned-and-operated (O&O) stations and independent affiliates. As of October 2025, following Paramount Global's merger with , the division reports to leadership including as chairman and CEO of the parent entity. The organizational hierarchy features Tom Cibrowski as President and Executive Editor, overseeing broadcast and editorial standards, while serves as Editor-in-Chief, a role established in October 2025 after Paramount's acquisition of The Free Press, emphasizing independent journalism integration. Supporting roles include Adrienne Roark as President of Editorial and Newsgathering, handling correspondent assignments and investigative units, and Jennifer Mitchell as President of Stations and Digital, bridging national content with local delivery. The division's core operations divide into editorial, production, and digital arms. Editorial teams, comprising over 100 correspondents and producers, maintain bureaus in , , and international outposts such as and , focusing on gathering and verifying stories for programs like , , and . Production units coordinate live feeds and multi-platform outputs, with a emphasis on centralized newsgathering implemented in July 2024 to streamline resources across markets amid cost pressures. Digital operations, under Mitchell's oversight, manage CBS News Streaming Network, launched as a in 2021, aggregating video, podcasts, and on-demand content for online audiences. Standards and practices, previously led by Claudia Milne until her departure on October 16, 2025, ensure adherence to journalistic protocols, though recent executive turnover reflects post-merger adjustments. Affiliates form a decentralized network of approximately 200 independent stations that carry programming under affiliation agreements, distinct from the 28 O&O stations owned by in 17 major U.S. markets. These affiliates, often in smaller markets, receive national feeds via for insertion into local newscasts, contributing occasional regional stories to network coverage while producing autonomous morning, evening, and late-night . Affiliation terms, negotiated through groups like the CBS Affiliate Association, include revenue-sharing from network advertising and requirements for carriage of primetime and content, with CBS providing technical support for transitions like adoption. O&Os, integrated directly into , enable tighter coordination, such as shared helicopter footage or unified weather graphics, enhancing national-local synergy but raising concerns over homogenized reporting in centralized models. This affiliate structure, dating to CBS's expansion in the , covers over 95% of U.S. households, relying on local ad sales for sustainability amid declining linear viewership.

Major Investigative Achievements

CBS News established its reputation for investigative journalism in the mid-20th century through Edward R. Murrow's , which in a March 9, 1954, episode critically examined Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communist tactics using his own speeches and footage, highlighting inconsistencies and bullying methods that eroded public trust in his crusade. This broadcast, viewed by millions, contributed to a shift in sentiment, culminating in McCarthy's censure on December 2, 1954, for conduct unbecoming a member of Congress. During the Vietnam War, Morley Safer's August 5, 1965, report on the depicted U.S. Marines using Zippo lighters to burn thatched huts in the village of Cam Ne, , ostensibly to deny cover to but affecting civilian structures amid fleeing women and children. The footage, captured with Marine permission but shocking in its portrayal of deliberate destruction, provoked immediate backlash from President , who reportedly questioned CBS executive Frank Stanton about Safer's loyalties, and marked a turning point in war coverage by introducing unfiltered visuals of U.S. operations' human cost to American audiences. 60 Minutes, debuting in 1968, amplified CBS's investigative reach with exposés like its 1969 coverage of the , where detailed the March 16, 1968, killing of up to 500 unarmed Vietnamese civilians by U.S. Army troops under Lt. , drawing on eyewitness accounts and documents to reveal orders to treat villagers as enemies. This reporting, corroborated by later Army investigations, intensified domestic opposition to the war and led to Calley's 1971 conviction for murder, though his sentence was commuted. A 1999 revisit profiled helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson Jr., who intervened to halt the killings, earning him and his crew the in 1998. In the 1990s, correspondent Mike Wallace's February 4, 1996, interview with former tobacco executive exposed the industry's decades-long knowledge of cigarettes' addictive properties and deliberate nicotine enhancement to boost habit formation, despite public denials of health risks. Delayed initially due to legal threats from the company, the segment prompted Wigand's testimony in lawsuits, contributing to the 1998 , which extracted $206 billion from manufacturers for states and imposed advertising restrictions. More recently, a April 28, 2004, 60 Minutes II segment aired leaked photographs of U.S. military personnel sexually humiliating and physically abusing Iraqi detainees at near , obtained from Army Specialist Joseph Darby, revealing systematic mistreatment including forced nudity, dog leashes, and electrocution threats. The broadcast, produced by and others, triggered Pentagon probes, the resignation of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld's aides, court-martials of 11 soldiers (with sentenced to three years), and a reevaluation of interrogation policies amid global condemnation. It earned a Peabody Award for exposing lapses in detainee treatment standards. These efforts, often recognized with Emmys and Murrow Awards, underscore ' role in prompting accountability, though some stories faced internal delays or external pressures, reflecting tensions between journalistic imperatives and institutional risks.

Viewership Metrics and Market Performance

averaged 4.171 million total viewers and 588,000 adults 25-54 viewers during the 2024-2025 broadcast season, reflecting a 10% decline in total viewers compared to the prior year. For the week of October 13, 2025, it drew 3.661 million total viewers, up 3% week-over-week but indicative of broader softening in linear broadcast consumption. In comparison, the program averaged 4.651 million total viewers in the 2023-2024 season, continuing a multi-year downward trajectory amid and competition from digital platforms. The CBS News Sunday public affairs program led Sunday morning newscasts in total viewers for the 2024-2025 season with an average of 2.76 million, though it trailed in the key 25-54 demographic where NBC's took the lead. Recent episodes, such as the November 3, 2024, broadcast, reached 3 million viewers, underscoring periodic surges tied to major news events. , meanwhile, averaged 1.940 million total viewers and 346,000 in the demo for the season, down 10% year-over-year, positioning it third behind ABC's and NBC's Today. 60 Minutes remains a standout, concluding its 50th season in May 2024 as the top-rated television news program in total viewers, with season-to-date averages exceeding 8 million for primetime episodes. Its season 58 in September 2025 drew over 10 million viewers, though subsequent episodes like a delayed October 2025 airing fetched 6.9 million total viewers, down 32% week-over-week due to scheduling conflicts.
Program2024-2025 Season Average (Total Viewers)Year-over-Year ChangeKey Demographic (A25-54)
4.171 million-10%588,000
2.76 millionN/ATrailed competitors
1.940 million-10%346,000
~8 million (primetime eps.)Maintained leadStrong in totals
In market performance, trails and in evening newscasts, with network evening programs collectively losing nearly 1 million viewers season-over-season amid fragmented media habits. Channel outperformed CBS in primetime cable news during Q3 2025, drawing 2.934 million viewers versus CBS's broadcast figures, highlighting cable's edge in certain demographics despite broadcast's larger absolute audiences. CBS showed gains in Q3 2025 for Evening News relative to earlier declines, but overall linear metrics reflect structural challenges rather than isolated content factors.

Innovations and Technological Contributions

Early Advancements in Color and Format

In the early 1940s, CBS Laboratories, led by engineer Peter Goldmark, developed a mechanical field-sequential color television system that transmitted images by rapidly alternating full-frame fields of red, green, and blue, using a rotating color disk at the receiver to recombine them. This approach built on earlier mechanical designs and produced high-quality color images during private demonstrations for the National Television System Committee (NTSC) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) officials on August 28 and September 4, 1940. The FCC approved the CBS system as the national color television standard on October 10, 1950, prompting CBS to initiate limited color broadcasts from its New York station WCBS-TV starting November 14, 1950, with programming airing Mondays through Saturdays. Technically, the format employed 405 scan lines and 144 fields per second—distinct from the existing monochrome standard of 525 lines and 60 fields per second—requiring specialized receivers incompatible with standard black-and-white sets. The first commercial color broadcast occurred on June 25, 1951, featuring the hour-long program Premiere, which included musical performances and originated from CBS Studio 57 in New York, following a color test pattern; however, production of compatible receivers was minimal, with only about 25 units sold before wartime restrictions intervened. Despite the system's superior color fidelity in controlled settings, its incompatibility with the vast installed base of monochrome receivers, high costs for new equipment, and the onset of the —which rationed materials and halted receiver manufacturing—doomed its widespread adoption. Public and industry pressure mounted, as the format disrupted existing broadcast infrastructure and offered no , unlike emerging electronic simultaneous-color systems. In December 1953, the FCC rescinded approval of the CBS standard in favor of the compatible system developed by RCA and others, marking the effective end of CBS's early color initiative; CBS itself delayed full adoption of NTSC color broadcasting until 1965, prioritizing its proprietary format amid competitive rivalries.

Digital, HD, and Streaming Adaptations

CBS initiated high-definition (HD) broadcasting on November 8, 1998, with an NFL game between the New York Jets and Buffalo Bills, marking one of the earliest network efforts to air content in the 1080i format. However, CBS lagged behind competitors like ABC and NBC in fully converting prime-time programming to HD; by 2001, it committed to broadcasting all prime-time dramas and comedies in HD for that season, alongside ABC. The network completed its transition to exclusive HD for remaining standard-definition shows, such as The Late Show with David Letterman (which went HD on August 29, 2005), only in June 2014, making it the last major U.S. broadcast network to achieve full HD primetime output. As part of the broader U.S. mandated by , CBS affiliates shifted from analog to over-the-air digital signals by June 12, 2009, enabling multicasting of subchannels alongside main HD feeds, such as weather or services on affiliates like WCBS-TV in New York. This adaptation improved spectrum efficiency and access to HD content without cable, though adoption varied by market due to equipment costs for viewers. CBS's digital rollout built on its early HD experiments, integrating from 1998 onward to support both standard and high-definition simulcasts during the transition period. In response to cord-cutting trends, CBS launched its subscription streaming service, CBS All Access, in October 2014, offering on-demand access to live network feeds, library content, and initial originals like The Good Fight. The platform evolved under ViacomCBS (later Paramount Global), rebranding to Paramount+ on March 4, 2021, which expanded to include Viacom content, international markets, and ad-free tiers starting at $5.99 monthly. By 2024, CBS enhanced streaming with dedicated news channels, including the April rebrand of CBSN to CBS News 24/7, featuring 24-hour live coverage using augmented reality and doubled programming hours, alongside local integrations and companions like CBS Evening News Plus. These moves positioned CBS to compete in a fragmented market, with Paramount+ reaching over 60 million subscribers globally by emphasizing live sports, news, and legacy titles.

Impact on Industry Standards

CBS's early experiments with color television significantly shaped the evolution of broadcast standards in the United States. In 1940, CBS conducted the world's first experimental broadcast from its transmitter atop the in , demonstrating a that used a mechanical to alternate red, blue, and green fields. This system, refined and publicly showcased to (FCC) officials in August and September 1940, represented an ambitious push for color adoption amid black-and-white dominance. Although the FCC approved CBS's incompatible mechanical color standard in October 1950—allowing limited commercial broadcasts starting in June 1951—the system's requirement for specialized receivers incompatible with existing monochrome sets led to negligible consumer uptake, with fewer than 100 color sets sold by mid-1951. The failure prompted industry-wide reevaluation, culminating in CBS's withdrawal of support in March 1953 and the FCC's endorsement of the compatible (NTSC) electronic standard later that year, which balanced color enhancement with for black-and-white televisions. This episode underscored the necessity of compatibility in standard-setting, influencing subsequent FCC decisions prioritizing consumer accessibility over proprietary innovations. Beyond color, CBS contributed to foundational programming and operational standards during television's nascent commercial phase. Launching regular scheduled broadcasts in July 1941—initially limited to 15 hours weekly—CBS established precedents for programming consistency, audience engagement, and content quality that transitioned from its radio heritage, setting benchmarks later emulated by competitors like and ABC. These efforts helped normalize television as a scheduled medium, influencing FCC allocations for broadcast hours and spectrum use in the post-World War II era. CBS Laboratories further advanced technical standards through developments like early electronic color processing techniques, which informed broader industry research even after the field's shift to . In the digital transition, CBS has advocated for compliance and evolution in over-the-air standards. In September 2015, CBS petitioned the FCC regarding failures in television tuner performance under existing rules, highlighting deficiencies in signal reception that affected broadcast integrity and prompting regulatory scrutiny of manufacturer adherence. More recently, as part of major networks, CBS supports the phased adoption of —the "Next Generation" broadcast standard enabling , interactive features, and mobile reception—following FCC approvals in 2025 allowing voluntary shutdowns of legacy ATSC 1.0 signals to accelerate deployment. These positions reflect CBS's ongoing role in balancing innovation with reliable standards, though adoption has been gradual due to infrastructure costs and interoperability challenges across affiliates.

Branding and Public Identity

Logo and Visual Identity Evolution

The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) initially used logos featuring block letters "C-B-S" within an oval spotlight from 1946 to 1951, reflecting the early era's emphasis on illumination and broadcasting reach. This design preceded the network's shift to a more symbolic identity. On October 20, 1951, CBS introduced its iconic "Eye" logo, designed by William Golden in collaboration with graphic artist Kurt Weihs. Golden drew inspiration from Pennsylvania Dutch hex symbols observed on barns during a drive, adapting them into a stylized eye motif symbolizing vigilance and the "all-seeing" nature of television. The logo debuted as a simple black-and-white circular design with three concentric arcs forming the eye, quickly becoming one of broadcasting's most recognized trademarks and enduring with minor refinements. Over subsequent decades, the Eye logo underwent subtle evolutions to adapt to technological and aesthetic changes, including color variations for on-air idents and dimensional enhancements in the 1960s under graphic director Lou Dorfsman, who integrated it into comprehensive broadcast graphics. By the 1980s and 1990s, it incorporated glowing effects and pairings with the "CBS" in custom typefaces, maintaining core while aligning with era-specific visual trends like bold . In October 2020, CBS executed a company-wide brand refresh, preserving the Eye as its centerpiece while streamlining visual identity across platforms. The update introduced a unified typeface, the "deconstructed Eye" motif for modular applications, distinct color palettes for news (blue), entertainment (red), and sports (gold), and a five-tone audio signature to enhance recognizability in streaming and digital contexts. This evolution aimed to unify divisions under Paramount Global's structure post-merger influences, emphasizing simplicity and versatility without altering the Eye's fundamental form.

Marketing Campaigns and Slogans

CBS has utilized a series of slogans since the mid-20th century to emphasize its programming quality, star talent, and viewer appeal, often tied to seasonal promotional campaigns. Early efforts in the and focused on star power, with the slogan "The stars' address is CBS" positioning the network as the premier destination for top entertainers. This was followed by 1965's "Hey, Look Us Over!" and 1966's "You'll See Stars!", which highlighted CBS's lineup of high-profile shows and performers during a competitive era against ABC and . The 1970s marked a shift toward assertive claims of superiority, exemplified by the 1973-1974 "The Best is Right Here on CBS," used in image spots to promote hit series like and underscore the network's dominance in ratings, where it held a 30+ share in . Subsequent slogans such as 1975-1976's "Catch the Brightest Stars on CBS" continued this theme, aligning with campaigns that featured celebrity endorsements and previews of fall schedules to boost affiliate viewership. The 1979-1980 "Looking Good" campaign represented a visual and thematic evolution, with promos emphasizing sleek production values and escapist content amid economic challenges, contributing to CBS's recovery from earlier ratings dips. In the and , slogans like "We've Got the Touch" () and "Get Ready for CBS" (1989-1991) supported targeted promotions for blockbuster events, including broadcasts and , often incorporating the network's iconic eye logo to reinforce brand familiarity. By the , "It's All Here" emerged as a long-running from 2003 onward, used in cross-platform ads to promote comprehensive content across broadcast, cable, and emerging digital formats, coinciding with expansions like CBS Television. More recent campaigns have adapted to streaming and audience fragmentation. The 2022 "Get Into Something Good" initiative featured fan-engaged spots for shows like Survivor and FBI, airing during NFL playoffs without traditional clips to evoke emotional connection, aiming to retain cord-cutters amid declining linear viewership. In 2024, the "You're Laughing at CBS" comedy push highlighted sitcoms with humorous taglines, echoing past self-referential branding while targeting younger demographics. For fall 2025, the "Comfort TV" campaign included a nationwide "Comfy Blue Sofa Tour" promoting staples like NCIS and Ghosts, leveraging experiential marketing to combat competition from platforms like Netflix, with events in 20+ cities drawing over 50,000 interactions in initial reports. These efforts reflect CBS's strategy of blending nostalgia with accessibility to maintain its position as the most-watched broadcast network, averaging 5.5 million prime-time viewers in 2024.

Audience Perception and Branding Metrics

Public opinion surveys and media bias assessments consistently characterize CBS News as leaning left-of-center, influencing perceptions of its objectivity. rates CBS News online content as "Lean Left," based on editorial reviews and blind surveys. Similarly, classifies it as left-center biased, citing story selection and wording that often aligns with progressive viewpoints, though it notes high factual reporting standards. assigns CBS a left score on its scale, with reliability rated as generally reliable but mixed for /opinion pieces. These ratings reflect a broader critique of mainstream outlets like CBS for systemic left-wing , as evidenced by composition: a 2014 Pew Research survey found 40% of CBS News viewers consistently or primarily liberal, 39% mixed, and only 20% conservative. Trust in CBS varies sharply by political affiliation, mirroring polarized patterns. Among Americans who distrust national organizations overall but trust specific outlets, 51% express trust in , comparable to ABC and . However, overall U.S. media trust hit a record low of 28% in 2025 per Gallup, with Republicans at just 8% confidence, driven by perceptions of in coverage of events like elections and cultural issues. Democrats, conversely, report higher trust in CBS, with data showing nearly half regularly consuming it alongside other legacy networks. Biasly rates CBS at -36% (somewhat left), underscoring conservative skepticism. A 2018 Statista survey indicated a notable portion of respondents viewed CBS as "very liberal," contributing to its reputation as part of the "" establishment criticized for downplaying or framing stories to favor left-leaning narratives. Branding metrics highlight CBS's position as a legacy network with enduring recognition but facing value erosion amid cord-cutting and trust erosion. Brand Finance's 2024 media sector analysis valued the CBS brand at $5.3 billion, down 28% year-over-year, reflecting challenges from streaming competition and reputational hits from controversies like the 2024 "60 Minutes" editing scandal. Audience demographics skew older and more educated compared to digital-native outlets, per Pew's 2025 analysis of news source audiences, with CBS drawing from a median age cohort higher than conservative alternatives like Newsmax (63 years). Favorability remains tied to partisan lines, with no recent neutral polls showing majority positive perception across the board; instead, it sustains a "trustworthy but biased" image among moderates. These metrics underscore CBS's branding as reliable for factual basics yet vulnerable to accusations of ideological slant, impacting loyalty in a fragmented market.

Global Presence and Distribution

International Feeds and Syndication

CBS Studios International, formerly known as CBS Broadcast International and CBS Paramount International Television, handles the global syndication and distribution of CBS programming, including , series, and originals from platforms like CBS All Access (now Paramount+). Established to expand CBS content beyond the , the division licenses shows to local broadcasters and networks in over 200 international markets, facilitating adaptations for regional audiences while retaining core formats. This syndication model has enabled popular CBS franchises such as NCIS, CSI, and series to air on foreign stations, often through multi-year licensing deals that generate significant revenue from off-network rights. Notable examples include a 2019 exclusive licensing agreement with Russia's Amedia TV, granting access to CBS All Access original programming like and Star Trek: Discovery for Russian viewers, marking one of the first such deals for the streaming service abroad. In the same year, CBS Studios International partnered with France's M6 Group to distribute CBS Television Network series and other content across its channels, emphasizing drama and procedural genres that align with European viewer preferences. A 2019 deal with International Networks further extended CBS programming to Latin American audiences via pay-TV and outlets. To enhance global reach, CBS has pursued co-productions tailored to international partners, such as the announcement of Gold Diggers for Australia's ABC network and Electric Years for , alongside developments in , allowing for localized storytelling while leveraging CBS production expertise. These efforts complement traditional syndication by fostering joint ventures that mitigate cultural barriers and regulatory hurdles in markets like and Asia-Pacific. For live content, CBS provides feeds for international and , enabling real-time distribution to global affiliates, though primary emphasis remains on packaged programming sales rather than dedicated international broadcast channels.

Regional Partnerships and Accessibility

CBS distributes its television programming through affiliation agreements with approximately 200 local stations across the , enabling regional accessibility by combining national content with localized , weather, and community-focused segments tailored to specific markets. These partnerships, renewed periodically, allow affiliates to maintain operational independence while adhering to network standards for primetime and daytime scheduling, ensuring consistent coverage from urban centers like New York and to rural areas in states such as and . To broaden reach beyond over-the-air broadcast, CBS has forged distribution pacts with major multichannel providers, including a multi-year agreement with announced on May 23, 2024, which guarantees carriage of CBS owned-and-operated stations and affiliates on platforms serving millions of subscribers nationwide. Similar deals with groups like Sinclair, Inc., extend affiliations to additional regional outlets, covering key demographics in the Midwest, South, and West. Content-sharing collaborations, such as the December 18, 2023, partnership with , integrate and sports feeds into local radio and digital streams, enhancing multimedia accessibility in underserved or mobile audiences. Internationally, regional accessibility relies on syndication and licensing via , which negotiates deals with local broadcasters and streaming services to adapt CBS programming for non-U.S. markets. For instance, the 2025 series Boston Blue secured distribution in over 100 territories, including partnerships with AXN Asia, Coupang Play in , in , and Sky in select European regions, allowing region-specific dubbing or subtitling to comply with cultural and regulatory norms. CBSN, the network's live streaming news platform, became available in app stores across 89 countries starting June 23, 2020, providing on-demand access via connected TVs and mobiles without traditional cable subscriptions. In sports broadcasting, CBS Stations cultivate partnerships with regional professional teams, such as franchises, MLB clubs, and WNBA squads, to air localized games and analysis, as seen in expanded coverage announced June 2, 2025, which integrates network resources with events for heightened regional engagement. These arrangements prioritize empirical viewership and carriage metrics over ideological alignment, though critics note potential vulnerabilities to affiliate disputes, as evidenced by past carriage blackouts resolved through renegotiated terms. Overall, such partnerships underscore CBS's strategy of leveraging local infrastructure for scalable, verifiable audience penetration rather than centralized control. CBS content distributed internationally undergoes localization processes, including dubbing, subtitling, and selective editing, to align with foreign linguistic preferences and regulatory requirements. For instance, popular CBS series such as NCIS and CSI are routinely dubbed into languages like Spanish, French, and German for syndication in Europe and Latin America, with adjustments to dialogue for idiomatic accuracy and cultural relevance. These adaptations ensure compliance with local broadcasting standards, such as the European Union's Audiovisual Media Services Directive, which mandates a minimum share of European works in on-demand catalogs and imposes quotas on non-European content. Legal adaptations often involve navigating censorship regimes in authoritarian markets. In 2019, CBS censored an episode of The Good Fight on its All Access platform (now Paramount+), replacing a 90-second animated segment satirizing Chinese internet censorship with an eight-second blackout notice reading "CENSORED FROM CHINA." This self-imposed edit, prompted by concerns over distribution approvals in China, drew criticism from showrunners Robert and Michelle King, who threatened to leave the series before CBS relented partially by retaining the blackout but restoring some context in subsequent airings. The incident highlighted CBS's willingness to preemptively align with Beijing's content controls, including bans on references to events like the Tiananmen Square massacre or Falun Gong, to secure market access amid China's strict media regulations under the Cyberspace Administration. Cultural adaptations extend to co-productions tailored for regional audiences. Through International Studios (formerly ViacomCBS International Studios), CBS collaborates on localized formats, such as the 2022 launch of Bestseller Boy for Dutch broadcaster and Ze Network for Germany's RTL+, which incorporate local casting, settings, and narrative elements to resonate with European sensibilities while retaining core CBS procedural or reality structures. In markets like and , similar partnerships adapt CBS-owned IP—drawing from shows like Survivor or crime dramas—to comply with cultural protections, such as Canada's exemptions under NAFTA for domestic content quotas, ensuring hybrid productions that blend American formats with indigenous talent and themes. These efforts mitigate legal risks from caps and content localization mandates, as seen in the EU's emphasis on over unadapted imports. Such modifications reflect broader causal dynamics in global media: economic incentives drive in high-growth markets like , where unedited U.S. content faces outright bans, while legal frameworks in democratic regions prioritize audience accessibility over unaltered exports. Critics argue these practices dilute original intent, as evidenced by the The Good Fight backlash, but proponents cite them as necessary for viability amid protectionist policies. Paramount's international slate, including adaptations in and beyond, continues to evolve, balancing fidelity to CBS's brand with host-country demands as of 2023 rebranding initiatives.

Controversies and Criticisms

High-Profile Broadcast Errors and Scandals

In the 1950s, CBS was implicated in widespread quiz show rigging scandals that eroded public trust in broadcast entertainment. Programs such as [The 64,000 Question](/page/The_64,000_Question), aired on CBS from 1955 to 1958, were manipulated by producers to predetermine winners and extend dramatic contests for higher ratings, with contestants like Herbert Stempel coached on answers or instructed to feign ignorance. The revelations, sparked by Stempel's 1958 testimony and confirmed through congressional hearings led by Representative Harris, exposed systemic fraud across networks, prompting lawsuits against CBS, including one from contestant Goostree seeking $4,000 in lost prizes, and contributing to the passage of federal laws prohibiting fixed outcomes in game shows. The 2004 Killian documents controversy represented a major journalistic failure for CBS News. On September 8, 2004, 60 Minutes Wednesday anchor Dan Rather broadcast a segment alleging that President George W. Bush had received undue favoritism in the Texas Air National Guard, relying on four memos purportedly typed by Lieutenant Colonel Jerry Killian in 1972 and 1973. CBS initially defended the memos' authenticity despite expert analyses, including from typographers, identifying proportional spacing and superscripts inconsistent with 1970s typewriters, leading to widespread claims of forgery. By September 20, 2004, CBS conceded it could not verify the documents' provenance after the source, Bill Burkett, admitted obtaining them from unverified channels. An independent review released January 10, 2005, criticized CBS for inadequate vetting, rushed reporting ahead of the presidential election, and misleading defenses, resulting in the ouster of four executives, producer Mary Mapes, and Rather's eventual resignation in March 2005 amid plummeting credibility. More recently, CBS's faced accusations of deceptive editing in political s. In October 2024, a promotional clip and full broadcast of Vice President Kamala Harris's substituted a concise response on policy for a longer, more circuitous answer from a different question, prompting claims of manipulation to portray her more coherently during the election campaign. CBS defended the edits as standard condensation for time constraints, releasing unedited transcripts in February 2025 that confirmed the substitution but maintained no intent to deceive. The incident fueled a lawsuit by President against CBS and parent , alleging election interference, which contributed to the April 2025 resignation of executive producer Bill Owens and ongoing scrutiny over broadcast standards. Similar concerns arose from a 2023 Biden , where internal Paramount discussions in 2025 revealed fears that unedited footage of his "drowsy" demeanor could invite bias claims, though CBS denied substantive alterations. These episodes highlighted persistent challenges in maintaining in high-stakes reporting.

Accusations of Ideological Bias

CBS has faced persistent accusations from conservative commentators, media watchdogs, and political figures of exhibiting a left-leaning ideological in its news reporting, particularly in political coverage favoring Democratic narratives or undermining Republican ones. Organizations such as the (MRC), a conservative media analysis group, have documented patterns where stories showed 44% liberal slant compared to 22% conservative in sampled coverage from various periods. A UCLA study analyzing major outlets, including , placed it left of center based on linguistic indicators in reporting. , a bipartisan media rating service, classifies online content as "Lean Left" based on blind surveys and editorial reviews conducted in 2021 and updated periodically. A prominent historical example is the 2004 "Rathergate" scandal, where CBS's aired a September 8 report alleging irregularities in George W. Bush's service, relying on memos attributed to Lt. Col. Jerry Killian that were later authenticated as forgeries by typography experts due to inconsistencies with 1970s word-processing capabilities. CBS anchor initially defended the story's sourcing despite internal doubts and external challenges from bloggers and document analysts, leading to Rather's in March 2005 after an independent review criticized the network's failure to verify the memos rigorously before broadcast, 60 days before the . The incident fueled claims of partisan motivation to damage Bush, with critics arguing it exemplified a pattern of unverified reporting aligned against conservative figures. More recently, in October 2024, CBS's faced backlash over editing of an interview with then-Vice President , aired on October 7, where a promotional clip showed Harris taking 17 seconds to answer a question on Israel-Hamas policy with pauses and repetitions, contrasted with a smoother broadcast version that condensed her response into six seconds, prompting accusations from Donald Trump and conservatives of deceptive manipulation to portray Harris as more coherent amid her campaign. CBS maintained the edits were standard for time constraints and not misleading, releasing a full transcript in February 2025 after FCC inquiries and a $10 million from Trump, which Paramount settled for $16 million in July 2025 without admitting wrongdoing. Detractors, including former CBS producer Bill Owens, claimed internal pressure to downplay the controversy reflected broader institutional reluctance to acknowledge perceived favoritism toward Democratic candidates. These episodes have contributed to broader perceptions of , evidenced by partisan trust gaps: Gallup polls from showed only 11% of Republicans viewing CBS favorably versus 58% of Democrats, highlighting distrust among conservatives who cite selective story selection and framing in coverage of issues like election integrity and cultural debates. In response to such criticisms, especially post-2024 election, CBS's new under Skydance in 2025 recruited , a of homogeneity, to promote "balanced and fact-based" journalism, with Weiss confronting 60 Minutes staff in October 2025 about public views of . While CBS executives have denied systemic slant, attributing perceptions to audience polarization, incidents like Rathergate—where verifiable errors occurred—lend empirical weight to claims of ideological filtering over neutral reporting. In the aftermath of the 2004 , known as Rathergate, former anchor filed a $70 million breach-of-contract against CBS in September 2007, alleging the network failed to support him amid scrutiny over a 60 Minutes II report questioning President George W. Bush's service, which relied on documents later deemed forged. The suit claimed CBS's internal investigation scapegoated Rather, damaging his career and denying him opportunities under his contract. A New York court dismissed the case in September 2009, ruling Rather failed to prove lost business prospects or breach, with appeals rejected by 2010. The same year, the fined CBS $550,000 for indecency over the , where performer Janet Jackson's exposed her breast during a viewed by over 140 million people. The fine targeted CBS-owned stations at $27,500 each, citing violation of broadcast standards despite the incident being unscripted and brief. CBS paid under protest but successfully appealed; the vacated the penalty in 2008 as arbitrary and capricious for retroactively applying fleeting rules, with the denying FCC review in 2012, nullifying the sanction. CBS faced shareholder litigation over the 2019 CBS-Viacom merger, with claims that controlling shareholder undervalued CBS shares in a transaction favoring Viacom. , the merged entity, settled for $122.5 million in April 2023 without admitting wrongdoing, directing funds to class members. More recently, in April 2025, settled a discrimination suit brought by Legal on behalf of SEAL Team script coordinator Brian Beneker, who alleged rejection for promotion due to racial quotas prioritizing (DEI) targets over merit. The amicable resolution included ending such policies at Paramount and CBS, amid broader scrutiny of quota-based hiring. Separately, that month, CBS settled another writer hiring discrimination claim tied to similar racial quota practices. In July 2025, Paramount Global agreed to pay $16 million to resolve a lawsuit by President alleging CBS's deceptively edited a 2024 interview with then-Vice President , airing a shortened version that critics said misrepresented her responses on policy issues to influence voters. The settlement, directed to Trump's foundation, drew criticism from First advocates for potentially chilling journalistic editing practices, though Paramount denied liability. These cases prompted internal reforms at CBS, including post-Rathergate enhancements to source verification protocols, such as mandatory multi-source for documents and expanded roles for independent fact-checkers in high-stakes reporting. The incident accelerated network-wide adoption of technologies, extending from 5 to 7 seconds or more for live events to allow of unforeseen content. Merger and DEI settlements underscored governance adjustments, with Paramount committing to merit-based hiring and transparent shareholder disclosures to mitigate future fiduciary claims.

Industry Influence and Legacy

Awards, Ratings Dominance, and Economic Impact

CBS has maintained ratings dominance among broadcast networks for an extended period, achieving a projected record 17th consecutive season as America's most-watched network in the 2024-2025 television season, with its top seven primetime shows leading overall viewership. This performance was driven by series such as Tracker, which averaged 17.34 million multi-platform viewers over 35 days, securing the No. 1 position among all series in total viewers for the season. Across primetime originals, CBS averaged 9.1 million viewers after 35 days of multi-platform measurement from September 15, 2024, to March 16, 2025, outperforming competitors like NBC, ABC, and Fox to claim the top spot among broadcasters. In terms of awards, CBS programming and journalism have received recognition for excellence, including for investigative reporting; for instance, earned a Peabody in 2005 for its coverage of abuse at , anchored by . Additionally, longtime CBS anchor received the Peabody Career Achievement Award in 2022 for his contributions to over four decades. The network has also shared institutional Peabodys with fellow broadcasters ABC and for outstanding entertainment contributions in specific years, reflecting collective industry impact rather than isolated achievements. Economically, CBS's ratings leadership underpins its revenue generation, primarily through advertising, which has historically comprised around 57% of the network's overall income, though this share has declined amid and streaming shifts. High-profile events like , broadcast on CBS in February 2024, delivered an estimated $650-700 million in advertising revenue, highlighting the network's leverage in premium ad slots. As part of , CBS contributes to broader company ad revenues of $10 billion in 2023, with affiliates and subscriptions forming the largest segment, but broadcast advertising remains a core driver amid industry-wide declines in linear TV ad spend since 2020. This dominance sustains CBS's market influence, enabling higher ad rates for top programs and supporting retransmission consent fees projected to reach $15.52 billion industry-wide in 2025, though facing modest growth constraints from viewer fragmentation.

Cultural Contributions and Societal Role

CBS's news division, particularly under , established as a tool for societal accountability during critical historical moments. Murrow's live radio reports from amid starting in humanized for American listeners, fostering a sense of urgency and solidarity that influenced U.S. entry into the conflict. His CBS program episode aired on March 7, 1954, dissecting Senator Joseph McCarthy's tactics with archival footage and witness testimony, accelerated the decline of McCarthyism by eroding public and political support for unsubstantiated accusations. This journalistic intervention underscored television's potential to challenge power structures, setting precedents for investigative reporting that prioritized evidence over sensationalism. In entertainment, CBS pioneered programming that mirrored and molded American social dynamics. The network's coverage of civil rights protests, including vivid depictions of events like the 1963 , heightened national awareness and shifted attitudes toward racial equality by broadcasting unfiltered scenes of violence against demonstrators. Iconic series such as , which premiered on January 12, 1971, confronted taboos around prejudice, feminism, and generational divides through Archie Bunker's character, sparking widespread discourse and earning 56 Emmy nominations while topping Nielsen ratings for five years. Similarly, MASH*, debuting September 17, 1972, offered satirical commentary on military bureaucracy and the human cost of war, culminating in its February 28, 1983, finale that drew 105.9 million viewers—over 60% of U.S. households—demonstrating television's capacity to unify audiences around themes of resilience and critique. CBS has also contributed to cultural representation in evolving ways, though with mixed legacies. Early efforts like the Amos 'n' Andy television adaptation, which debuted June 28, 1951, marked one of the first sustained portrayals of Black characters in primetime but drew criticism for perpetuating stereotypes through white performers in blackface roles. More contemporarily, the 2025 premiere of introduces CBS's first predominantly Black-led daytime in 35 years, centering affluent Black family dynamics in a suburban setting to expand visibility for underrepresented narratives in serialized drama. Overall, CBS's societal role has extended beyond entertainment to informing and normalizing tough conversations, with its programming often serving as a for national moods—from wartime resolve to civil rights advocacy—while occasionally amplifying or challenging prevailing norms through accessible, mass-reach broadcasts. This influence, rooted in its dominance as the "Tiffany Network" through the mid-20th century, helped transition America from radio-era isolation to a visually connected society, though outputs have reflected institutional priorities that sometimes prioritized ratings over unvarnished truth.

Declines, Adaptations, and Future Prospects

In the early 2020s, CBS experienced significant declines in linear television viewership amid the broader shift to streaming platforms, with traditional broadcast audiences eroding due to and fragmented media consumption. For the 2024-2025 season, averaged 4.171 million total viewers, marking a 10% year-over-year drop, while fell 7% to 1.789 million viewers. By June 2025, streaming services accounted for 46% of Americans' TV time, compared to 23.4% for cable and declining broadcast shares, underscoring the structural pressures on networks like CBS. Advertising revenue for was projected to decline by over $50 million in 2025, reflecting reduced ad dollars in linear programming. To adapt, CBS, under parent company , accelerated investments in streaming via , which reported a 26% year-over-year increase in viewership and 15% growth in revenue by mid-2025, driven by subscription gains and price hikes. The network shifted lower-rated shows to to optimize linear schedules for high-viewership content like sports and news, while expanding free ad-supported options like and premium tiers such as Showtime OTT. and Paramount TV Studios restructured to prioritize streaming series, retaining hits like Reacher and for the platform to bolster subscriber retention. Future prospects hinge on the August 7, 2025, completion of Paramount Global's merger with , forming a new entity aimed at blending traditional assets like with Skydance's and expertise to compete in a converged media landscape. The deal, approved by the FCC on July 24, 2025, includes $2 billion in targeted cost cuts, but has prompted mass layoffs of approximately 2,000 U.S. employees starting the week of October 27, 2025, potentially impacting operations. While Paramount+ growth offers upside, uncertainties around ' integration under Skydance leadership and broader industry consolidation, including speculative bids for assets like , signal a transitional phase focused on efficiency over expansion.

References

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