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Doppelgänger
A doppelgänger (/ˈdɒpəlɡɛŋər, -ɡæŋ-/ DOP-əl-gheng-ər, -gang-), sometimes spelled doppelgaenger or doppelganger, is a supernatural double of a living person, especially one that haunts its original counterpart. In common parlance, this refers to any natural lookalike.
In fiction and mythology, a doppelgänger is often portrayed as a ghostly or paranormal phenomenon and is usually seen as a harbinger of bad luck. Other traditions and stories equate a doppelgänger with an evil twin. In modern times, the term twin stranger is occasionally used.
The word doppelgänger is a loanword from the German noun Doppelgänger, literally meaning "double-walker". The singular and plural forms are the same in German, but English writers usually prefer the plural doppelgängers. In German, there is also a feminine form, Doppelgängerin (plural Doppelgängerinnen pronounced [ˈdɔpl̩ˌɡɛŋəʁɪnən] ⓘ). The first-known use, in the form Doppeltgänger, occurs in the novel Siebenkäs (1796) by Jean Paul, in which he explains his newly coined word in a footnote; the word Doppelgänger also appears in the novel, but with a different meaning.
In German, the word is written (as is usual with German nouns) with an initial capital letter: Doppelgänger. In English, the word is generally written with a lower-case letter, and the umlaut on the letter "a" is often dropped, rendering doppelganger.
English-speakers have only recently[as of?] applied this German word to a paranormal concept. Francis Grose's Provincial Glossary of 1787 used the term fetch instead, defined as the "apparition of a person living". Catherine Crowe's book on paranormal phenomena, The Night-Side of Nature (1848) helped make the German word well known. The concept of alter egos and double spirits has appeared in the folklore, myths, religious concepts and traditions of many cultures throughout human history.
In Ancient Egyptian mythology, a ka was a tangible "spirit double" having the same memories and feelings as the person to whom the counterpart belongs. The Greek Princess presents an Egyptian view of the Trojan War in which a ka of Helen misleads Paris, helping to stop the war.[citation needed] This memic sense also appears in Euripides' play Helen. In Norse mythology, a vardøger is a ghostly double who is seen performing the person's actions in advance. In Finnish mythology, this pattern is described as having an etiäinen, "a firstcomer".
In the jewish Kabbalah of the Sefirot, the left part of the "sefirotic-tree" represents rigor, the right part represents clemency or mercy, while the median center of this is represented by the balance of the crown (Keter) and of beauty and harmony (Tiferet) up to the kingdom, Malkut; Hasidism empirically explains all this with the example of the left part of the human body, which is weaker, while the right is stronger: for example, to perform Gemilut Hassadim, one certainly needs greater courage and strength. Jewish mysticism explains all this with the Sefer Yetzirah and also with the exegesis of hebrew letter Tet: ט; this hebrew letter has "different figure-design": the others have line or point, that is Vav or Yod. All hebrew letters are with more vav and Yod but the letter Tet is with a sort of "parabola" that represents this asymmetry in all World and Nature.
Many majority Muslim countries have the concept of a karin or qarin, which is a potentially benevolent or harmful spirit double of the same sex, race and parallel temperament as the person it is connected to. It bears children which are the spirit doubles of the person's children. In some places the karin is the opposite sex of the person it represents. When malicious, it often tries to persuade the person it is connected to into following their bad whims. Some Sufi mystics pictured the karin as a devil residing in the blood and hearts of humans. It is more popular in some countries than others; for example, it is more popular in Egypt than Sudan.
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Doppelgänger
A doppelgänger (/ˈdɒpəlɡɛŋər, -ɡæŋ-/ DOP-əl-gheng-ər, -gang-), sometimes spelled doppelgaenger or doppelganger, is a supernatural double of a living person, especially one that haunts its original counterpart. In common parlance, this refers to any natural lookalike.
In fiction and mythology, a doppelgänger is often portrayed as a ghostly or paranormal phenomenon and is usually seen as a harbinger of bad luck. Other traditions and stories equate a doppelgänger with an evil twin. In modern times, the term twin stranger is occasionally used.
The word doppelgänger is a loanword from the German noun Doppelgänger, literally meaning "double-walker". The singular and plural forms are the same in German, but English writers usually prefer the plural doppelgängers. In German, there is also a feminine form, Doppelgängerin (plural Doppelgängerinnen pronounced [ˈdɔpl̩ˌɡɛŋəʁɪnən] ⓘ). The first-known use, in the form Doppeltgänger, occurs in the novel Siebenkäs (1796) by Jean Paul, in which he explains his newly coined word in a footnote; the word Doppelgänger also appears in the novel, but with a different meaning.
In German, the word is written (as is usual with German nouns) with an initial capital letter: Doppelgänger. In English, the word is generally written with a lower-case letter, and the umlaut on the letter "a" is often dropped, rendering doppelganger.
English-speakers have only recently[as of?] applied this German word to a paranormal concept. Francis Grose's Provincial Glossary of 1787 used the term fetch instead, defined as the "apparition of a person living". Catherine Crowe's book on paranormal phenomena, The Night-Side of Nature (1848) helped make the German word well known. The concept of alter egos and double spirits has appeared in the folklore, myths, religious concepts and traditions of many cultures throughout human history.
In Ancient Egyptian mythology, a ka was a tangible "spirit double" having the same memories and feelings as the person to whom the counterpart belongs. The Greek Princess presents an Egyptian view of the Trojan War in which a ka of Helen misleads Paris, helping to stop the war.[citation needed] This memic sense also appears in Euripides' play Helen. In Norse mythology, a vardøger is a ghostly double who is seen performing the person's actions in advance. In Finnish mythology, this pattern is described as having an etiäinen, "a firstcomer".
In the jewish Kabbalah of the Sefirot, the left part of the "sefirotic-tree" represents rigor, the right part represents clemency or mercy, while the median center of this is represented by the balance of the crown (Keter) and of beauty and harmony (Tiferet) up to the kingdom, Malkut; Hasidism empirically explains all this with the example of the left part of the human body, which is weaker, while the right is stronger: for example, to perform Gemilut Hassadim, one certainly needs greater courage and strength. Jewish mysticism explains all this with the Sefer Yetzirah and also with the exegesis of hebrew letter Tet: ט; this hebrew letter has "different figure-design": the others have line or point, that is Vav or Yod. All hebrew letters are with more vav and Yod but the letter Tet is with a sort of "parabola" that represents this asymmetry in all World and Nature.
Many majority Muslim countries have the concept of a karin or qarin, which is a potentially benevolent or harmful spirit double of the same sex, race and parallel temperament as the person it is connected to. It bears children which are the spirit doubles of the person's children. In some places the karin is the opposite sex of the person it represents. When malicious, it often tries to persuade the person it is connected to into following their bad whims. Some Sufi mystics pictured the karin as a devil residing in the blood and hearts of humans. It is more popular in some countries than others; for example, it is more popular in Egypt than Sudan.