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November 17, 1993: FIFA World Cup qualification: Italy v Portugal, Dino Baggio (right) and Rui Costa.

The following events occurred in November 1993. For a more complete listing of notable deaths this month, see Deaths in November 1993.

Monday, November 1, 1993

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November 1, 1993: Landing of STS-58.

Tuesday, November 2, 1993

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Wednesday, November 3, 1993

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Thursday, November 4, 1993

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November 4, 1993: China Airlines aircraft after accident.

Friday, November 5, 1993

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Saturday, November 6, 1993

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Sunday, November 7, 1993

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November 7, 1993: Alain Prost during his final Formula One race.

Monday, November 8, 1993

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Tuesday, November 9, 1993

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Wednesday, November 10, 1993

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Thursday, November 11, 1993

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Friday, November 12, 1993

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Saturday, November 13, 1993

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November 13, 1993: Partial solar eclipse.

Sunday, November 14, 1993

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Monday, November 15, 1993

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Tuesday, November 16, 1993

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  • 38-year-old Ian Ashpole set a new altitude record for tightrope walking, crossing a 30-foot (9.1 m) steel bar suspended between two hot air balloons at a height of 11,420 feet (3,480 m). Ashpole fell while crossing the bar in the opposite direction, but survived because he was wearing a parachute.[217]
November 16, 1993: Bill Clinton signs the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.

Wednesday, November 17, 1993

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November 17, 1993: Bill Clinton and Al Gore watch results of the NAFTA vote.

Thursday, November 18, 1993

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Friday, November 19, 1993

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Saturday, November 20, 1993

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The Avioimpex crash aircraft, photographed on May 20, 1993.

Sunday, November 21, 1993

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Monday, November 22, 1993

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Tuesday, November 23, 1993

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Wednesday, November 24, 1993

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Thursday, November 25, 1993

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Friday, November 26, 1993

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The Piper Archer involved in the Auckland collision prior to the accident.

Saturday, November 27, 1993

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Sunday, November 28, 1993

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Monday, November 29, 1993

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November 29, 1993: Total lunar eclipse.

Tuesday, November 30, 1993

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November 30, 1993: Bill Clinton signs the legislation named after James Brady (on left).

References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

November 1993

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November 1993 was the eleventh month of 1993 in the Gregorian calendar, distinguished by the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty on November 1, which formally created the European Union by amending the Treaty on European Union and deepening integration among member states.[1] The same day saw the landing of Space Shuttle Columbia at the conclusion of the STS-58 mission, NASA's longest Shuttle flight to date at over 336 hours, focused on life sciences experiments examining physiological adaptations to microgravity.[2] The month featured several high-profile transportation events, including the crash-landing of China Airlines Flight 605, a Boeing 747-400, at Hong Kong's Kai Tak Airport on November 4 amid typhoon conditions; the aircraft overran the runway into Victoria Harbour, resulting in its first hull loss but with all 396 occupants surviving after evacuation.[3] In motorsport, the Formula One World Championship season ended with the Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide on November 7, where Ayrton Senna's win marked his 41st and final victory, while Alain Prost secured his fourth drivers' title. U.S. legislative developments included President Bill Clinton signing the Religious Freedom Restoration Act on November 16, which mandated that federal laws substantially burdening religious exercise undergo strict scrutiny unless justified by a compelling governmental interest. On November 30, he enacted the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, amending the Gun Control Act of 1968 to require background checks and a five-day waiting period for handgun transfers by licensed dealers. Astronomically, a total lunar eclipse transpired on November 29, with the Moon's umbral immersion lasting 48 minutes and visible across the Americas, western Europe, and Africa.[4]

Events

November 1, 1993

![STS-58 Columbia landing at Edwards Air Force Base][float-right] The Maastricht Treaty, formally known as the Treaty on European Union, entered into force on November 1, 1993, marking the establishment of the European Union (EU) from the existing European Communities.[5] [6] Signed on February 7, 1992, by representatives of the 12 member states—Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom—the treaty required ratification by all signatories, a process completed by October 1993 with Germany's final approval.[5] It introduced a three-pillar structure: the European Community pillar for economic integration, including plans for a single currency (the euro); the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar; and the Justice and Home Affairs pillar, aiming to enhance cooperation on internal security and justice matters.[5] [6] The treaty also established European citizenship, granting rights such as freedom of movement and residence across member states, and set the foundation for deeper political and monetary union.[5] In the United States, the Space Shuttle Columbia completed its STS-58 mission with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, at 7:05 a.m. PST, after a 14-day flight dedicated to life sciences research.[2] Launched on October 18, 1993, from Kennedy Space Center, the mission—also known as Spacelab Life Sciences 2—conducted experiments on the physiological effects of microgravity on humans and animals, including studies on cardiovascular changes, neurovestibular adaptation, and bone density loss, involving a crew of seven astronauts led by Commander John E. Blaha.[2] The orbiter touched down on runway 22 after a rollout of 9,640 feet, with a landing weight of 229,753 pounds, concluding the longest Space Shuttle mission to date at over 336 hours.[2] This flight advanced NASA's understanding of long-duration spaceflight challenges, informing future missions like those to the International Space Station.[2]

November 2, 1993

In the United States, Rudy Giuliani, a Republican, won the New York City mayoral election, defeating incumbent Democrat David Dinkins with 51% of the vote to become the first Republican mayor since John Lindsay in 1965.[7] The victory marked a shift in the city's politics amid concerns over crime rates, which had risen significantly in the early 1990s.[8] Christie Todd Whitman, also a Republican, was elected governor of New Jersey, defeating incumbent Jim Florio in an upset victory by a margin of 1.1 percentage points, making her the first female governor in the state's history and the second Republican woman to win a gubernatorial election that year nationwide.[8] Her campaign emphasized opposition to a proposed state income tax increase and fiscal conservatism.[7] In Israel, Ehud Olmert was elected mayor of Jerusalem, succeeding Teddy Kollek after a contentious campaign focused on urban development and security issues.[9] The Old Topanga Fire ignited around 10:46 a.m. Pacific Time near Old Topanga Canyon Road in the Santa Monica Mountains, northwest of Malibu, California, driven by Santa Ana winds gusting up to 50 mph and low humidity.[10] Sparked possibly by power lines or human activity, the blaze rapidly grew into a major wildfire, scorching over 17,000 acres, destroying 47 homes, and threatening thousands more before being contained on November 11 after mobilizing over 2,000 firefighters and multiple aircraft.[11] It was one of several fires in the 1993 Southern California wildfires, exacerbating regional drought conditions.[10] The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at a record high of 3,697.64 points, reflecting investor optimism amid economic recovery signals post-recession.[9] In baseball, the first commemorative bricks were laid at the Bob Feller Memorial in Van Meter, Iowa, honoring the Hall of Fame pitcher's career with the Cleveland Indians.[8]

November 3, 1993

In Chicago, Illinois, three floors of a new U.S. Postal Service building under construction at the corner of Polk and Canal streets partially collapsed during the afternoon, killing two ironworkers and injuring six others.[12][13] The failure originated from an improperly welded beam connection installed approximately 36 hours prior, which broke under load and triggered a progressive collapse of over 60 tons of steel superstructure.[14] Investigations by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and subsequent federal indictments attributed the incident to negligence by the steel erector subcontractor, including failure to follow welding procedures and inadequate supervision.[14][15] In Major League Baseball, pitcher Greg Maddux of the Atlanta Braves was named the winner of the National League Cy Young Award for the second consecutive season, the first such repeat since Sandy Koufax in 1965-1966.[16] Maddux received 24 of 28 first-place votes from the Baseball Writers' Association of America, reflecting his league-leading performance with 16 wins, a 2.36 earned run average, and 197 strikeouts over 267 innings pitched during the 1993 season.[16] This accolade underscored his dominance in pitch control and efficiency, contributing to the Braves' status as perennial contenders.[17]

November 4, 1993

Jean Chrétien was sworn in as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada at Rideau Hall in Ottawa, following the Liberal Party's victory in the October 25 federal election, which saw the Progressive Conservatives reduced to just two seats in the House of Commons.[18] Chrétien, a longtime Liberal MP from Quebec, formed a majority government committed to deficit reduction and constitutional reform, marking the end of nine years of Conservative rule under Brian Mulroney.[19] China Airlines Flight 605, a Boeing 747-409 registered B-165 operating from Taipei to Hong Kong, overran the runway at Kai Tak International Airport during landing amid Typhoon Ira's gusting winds exceeding 60 knots.[3] The aircraft, carrying 374 passengers and 22 crew, slid off the runway, broke through a concrete barrier, and partially submerged in Victoria Harbour, resulting in 23 injuries but no fatalities; it was the first hull loss of a 747-400 model.[20] The incident was attributed primarily to pilot error in attempting landing in unsafe weather conditions, as determined by subsequent investigations.[3] Bolivia acceded to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, joining 114 other nations in the international copyright treaty administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization.[9]

November 5, 1993

The Railways Act 1993 received royal assent on November 5, 1993, establishing the legal framework for the privatisation of British Rail by separating track infrastructure from train operations, creating Railtrack as the private owner of the network, and enabling the franchising of passenger services to private operators under oversight by a Rail Regulator and a Director of Passenger Rail Franchising.[21] This legislation, introduced under Prime Minister John Major's Conservative government, aimed to introduce market competition to improve efficiency in a state-owned system long criticised for underperformance and subsidies exceeding £1 billion annually.[22] In sports, the San Antonio Spurs defeated the Golden State Warriors 91–85 in the first National Basketball Association game held at the newly opened Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, marking the arena's debut as a professional sports venue with a capacity of over 17,000 for basketball.[23] Separately, the Victory Team, driven by Hamed Buheleeba and Randy Seism, won the Emirates Grand Prix in the World Powerboat Championship series held in Dubai, securing the overall title with a dominant performance.[24] British political philosopher Maurice Cranston died of a heart attack at age 73 while recording a television program in London; known for biographies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as works on human rights and liberalism, Cranston had taught at the London School of Economics for over two decades.[25]

November 6, 1993

Evander Holyfield defeated Riddick Bowe by majority decision in their heavyweight boxing rematch at The Spectrum arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, reclaiming the WBA, IBF, and IBO titles after 12 rounds.[26][27] The judges' scorecards read 115–113 and 115–113 for Holyfield, with one scoring it a 114–114 draw; Holyfield landed more effective punches despite Bowe's aggression and size advantage, marking his second victory over Bowe following their first fight in 1992.[26] In the seventh round, the bout was paused for several minutes when spectator Daniel Ray Huffman paraglided into the ring from the arena roof, an unauthorized stunt that led to his immediate arrest on charges including reckless endangerment; broadcaster HBO's Larry Merchant quipped, "We're on HBO, we can say anything," highlighting the chaos.[28][26] The 10th Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships took place at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California, featuring seven races with total purses exceeding $10 million.[26] French import Arcangues, a 133–1 longshot trained by André Fabre, won the $3 million Breeders' Cup Classic by 2¼ lengths over favored Favorite Trick and Fraise, upsetting expectations in one of the event's most improbable victories; Arcangues had finished a distant 71st in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe weeks earlier.[26] Other results included Hollywood Wildcat's win in the Distaff and Stokes' victory in the Juvenile Fillies, underscoring the day's emphasis on American and international turf competition.[26] Actor Howard Rollins, known for his role as Virgil Tibbs in In the Heat of the Night, was arrested in Maryland for driving under the influence, his third such incident in recent years amid ongoing substance abuse issues that had previously led to his dismissal from the series.[26][29]

November 7, 1993

The 1993 Australian Grand Prix, the final race of the Formula One season, took place on November 7 at the Adelaide Street Circuit in Australia.[30] Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna won the 79-lap race for the McLaren team, marking his last victory with the constructor before moving to Williams the following year.[31] French driver Alain Prost finished second in a Williams-Renault, securing his fourth World Drivers' Championship title with 99 points, ahead of Senna's 73.[30] This achievement made Prost the first driver to win four championships since Juan Manuel Fangio in the 1950s.[32] Prost's title win came after a dominant season start with Williams, where he claimed seven victories, though he had announced his retirement prior to the race.[33] Senna's pole position and race win highlighted the ongoing rivalry between the two drivers, intensified by Prost's sabbatical year in 1992.[31] The podium was completed by Prost's teammate Damon Hill in third, with Jean Alesi fourth for Ferrari.[30] In golf, American Betsy King won the LPGA Toray Japan Queens Cup Tournament.[34] Several NFL regular-season games occurred, including matchups like the Buffalo Bills versus the Indianapolis Colts, but none resulted in milestone records.[35]

November 8, 1993

In the early morning of November 8, 1993, thieves executed a sophisticated robbery at the Moderna Museet, Stockholm's Museum of Modern Art, by cutting a hole through the building's roof without triggering any alarms.[36][37] The intruders descended into the exhibition space and stole eight major works, including several by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, with an estimated value of $52 million; the collection was uninsured, exacerbating the museum's loss.[38][36] The heist targeted the museum's core holdings of modern art, described by officials as ripping "the heart out" of its Picasso collection, and represented Sweden's largest art theft to date.[38][39] Despite extensive investigations, the perpetrators remained at large initially, though three of the Picassos were recovered undamaged in Stockholm by mid-December 1993.[40] The incident highlighted vulnerabilities in museum security systems reliant on physical barriers and sensors, prompting subsequent reviews of alarm and access protocols in European cultural institutions.[37]

November 9, 1993

The Stari Most, an iconic Ottoman-era bridge in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, collapsed into the Neretva River on November 9, 1993, after sustained shelling by Croatian Defence Council (HVO) artillery. Built between 1557 and 1566 under orders from Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the 29-meter-high single-span stone arch had endured for 427 years, serving as a vital link between the city's Muslim and Christian districts and a symbol of multicultural heritage. The deliberate bombardment, part of the intra-Bosnian Croat-Bosniak fighting that erupted in 1993 amid the larger Bosnian War, targeted the structure repeatedly from early November, with a final HVO tank assault on November 8-9 causing its disintegration; eyewitness accounts and investigations confirmed no military use justified the attack, framing it as an act of cultural erasure in the ethnic conflict.[41][42][43] Concurrently, in Sarajevo, Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) mortar shells struck a makeshift elementary school in the Otoka neighborhood on November 9, killing at least seven civilians—including four children and one teacher—and wounding dozens more in one of the siege's deadliest single incidents against non-combatants. The assault occurred amid the VRS's prolonged encirclement of the Bosnian capital, initiated in April 1992, where indiscriminate shelling from surrounding hills aimed to demoralize and displace the Muslim-majority population; initial reports cited three to nine child fatalities, with the variance reflecting chaotic wartime documentation, but all accounts underscored the targeting of civilian infrastructure during classes.[44][45][46] These events exemplified the escalating fratricidal violence within the Bosnian War, where Bosnian Croat forces under HVO control sought territorial partition in Herzegovina, while VRS units enforced a siege responsible for over 10,000 civilian deaths in Sarajevo alone by war's end; both sides' actions drew international condemnation for war crimes, though prosecutions focused on patterns of ethnic cleansing rather than isolated strikes.[41][47]

November 10, 1993

The government of Vladimír Mečiar was formally established in Slovakia on November 10, 1993, consolidating political power under the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) following the nation's independence from Czechoslovakia on January 1 of that year.[48] Mečiar, who had served as prime minister intermittently since 1990, led a coalition emphasizing national sovereignty and economic stabilization amid post-split challenges, including privatization disputes and regional tensions.[49] This administration's formation came after parliamentary elections in June 1992, where HZDS secured a plurality, enabling Mečiar's return to power after a brief ouster in 1991; it governed until March 1994, when a no-confidence vote led to its replacement.[50] In New York City, a revival production of the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat premiered at the Minskoff Theatre on Broadway, directed by Robert Brian and featuring Donny Osmond in the title role.[9] The show, originally debuted in 1968 as a 15-minute pop cantata, had previously enjoyed London runs but marked its first full Broadway staging; it ran for 223 performances, grossing over $10 million and appealing to family audiences with its biblical story retold through diverse musical styles.[51] World Championship Wrestling (WCW) hosted its Clash of the Champions XXV event at the Bayfront Arena in St. Petersburg, Florida, attended by approximately 6,000 spectators.[52] Key matches included Ric Flair defending the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Vader in a steel cage bout, which Flair won by escaping after 15 minutes and 58 seconds, and the crowning of Rick Rude as the inaugural WCW International World Heavyweight Champion via submission victory over Hawk.[52] The event, broadcast live on pay-per-view, highlighted WCW's expansion of title divisions amid competition with WWF.[52]

November 11, 1993

The Vietnam Women's Memorial, a bronze sculpture honoring the approximately 11,000 American women who served in the Vietnam War—predominantly as nurses and in support roles—was dedicated on November 11, 1993, at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial site in Washington, D.C.[53] Designed by artist Glenna Goodacre, the monument depicts three uniformed servicewomen attending to a wounded soldier amid wartime foliage, symbolizing service, sacrifice, and camaraderie without weapons or combat imagery to reflect the non-combat roles of most women involved.[54] The dedication coincided with Veterans Day observances, culminating a decade-long campaign led by former U.S. Army nurse Diane Carlson Evans, who argued that existing memorials overlooked women's contributions despite their exposure to combat zones, Agent Orange, and post-traumatic stress.[55] Congress authorized the memorial in 1988 via Public Law 100-390, with funding raised privately after initial National Park Service concerns about site overcrowding and thematic fit; Goodacre's design was selected from 392 submissions in 1989. The ceremony drew thousands, including veterans and officials, and featured speeches emphasizing recognition of women's overlooked roles, with Evans highlighting how 90% of female Vietnam veterans suffered PTSD at rates comparable to male combatants, based on Department of Veterans Affairs data.[56] President Bill Clinton participated in broader Veterans Day events that day, laying a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier during a national ceremony honoring all U.S. military veterans, though he did not speak at the women's memorial dedication.[57] The memorial's placement near the Vietnam Veterans Memorial underscored debates over gender-specific honors in public commemoration, with supporters citing archival evidence of women's essential medical and logistical support—saving thousands of lives—while critics questioned additive memorials amid fiscal and spatial constraints on the National Mall.[58] In cultural events, Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki conducted the premiere of his revised Polish Requiem—a large-scale choral-orchestral work incorporating sections dedicated to Polish historical tragedies like the Warsaw Uprising and Solidarity movement—in Stockholm, Sweden, performed by the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra and Chorus with soloists including soprano Katarina Dalayman.[59] Originally composed piecemeal from 1980 onward, the full revised version with added Sanctus reflected Penderecki's evolution from avant-garde techniques to tonal, requiem-style lamentations, premiered at the Penderecki Festival.[60] Business developments included Paramount Communications' agreement to acquire Macmillan Inc. for $553 million in cash, forming the second-largest U.S. book publisher by revenue and expanding Paramount's educational and trade divisions amid industry consolidation.[61] This transaction, announced that day, involved no stock swap and aimed to leverage Macmillan's college textbook portfolio, though it later faced antitrust scrutiny.[62]

November 12, 1993

The inaugural event of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), titled UFC 1: The Beginning, took place at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado, featuring a single-elimination tournament with no weight classes, minimal rules, and fighters from various martial arts disciplines to determine the most effective fighting style.[63] Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner Royce Gracie won the tournament, defeating Art Jimmerson by submission in the quarterfinals, Ken Shamrock by rear-naked choke in the semifinals, and Gerard Gordeau via rear-naked choke in the final after 1:49, demonstrating the efficacy of ground fighting and grappling against striking-based arts.[64] The event, broadcast on pay-per-view to approximately 86,000 households, marked the mainstream introduction of mixed martial arts (MMA) in the United States and highlighted Brazilian jiu-jitsu's dominance in no-holds-barred combat.[65] William Malcolm "Bill" Dickey, a Baseball Hall of Fame catcher who played 17 seasons primarily with the New York Yankees from 1928 to 1946, died at age 86 in Little Rock, Arkansas, following a prolonged illness.[66] Dickey batted .313 lifetime with 202 home runs, earned 11 All-Star selections, and contributed to seven World Series championships, including as a player-manager in 1946; he later coached for the Yankees until 1960.[67] Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a decree on this date authorizing the introduction of the tenge as the Republic of Kazakhstan's national currency, set to replace the Russian ruble at an exchange rate of 1 tenge to 500 rubles, with banknotes entering circulation three days later on November 15.[68] This step asserted economic sovereignty following the Soviet Union's dissolution, though initial hyperinflation and supply shortages challenged stability.[69]

November 13, 1993

A partial solar eclipse occurred on November 13–14, 1993, visible primarily in Antarctica, southern Australia, and parts of South America, with a maximum eclipse magnitude of 0.928 at 21:45 UTC near 69° S, 58° E in the South Atlantic Ocean.[70] The event was a deep partial eclipse, with the Moon's shadow path limited to high southern latitudes, and no totality observed.[71] A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck off the east coast of Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula in the North Pacific Ocean at approximately 13:18 UTC, at a depth of about 33 km, with its epicenter roughly 126 km south of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.[72] The offshore event generated no significant tsunami or reported casualties, though it was part of ongoing seismic activity in the subduction zone.[73] China Northern Airlines Flight 6901, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 (registration B-2141) en route from Beijing to Ürümqi, crashed short of the runway during approach to Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport amid poor visibility and pilot error, killing 12 of the 102 people on board; the aircraft was destroyed by post-impact fire.[74] In Pakistan, Farooq Leghari, the foreign minister and candidate backed by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party, was elected president by the electoral college with 274 votes against 168 for rival Waseem Sajjad, ending a power struggle between the presidency and premiership; he was sworn in the following day for a five-year term.[75]

November 14, 1993

In American football, Miami Dolphins head coach Don Shula achieved his 325th career victory with a 19-14 win over the Philadelphia Eagles at Veterans Stadium, surpassing George Halas for the NFL record in regular-season and postseason wins combined.[76][77] The victory, marked by defensive stands and field goals from Pete Stoyanovich, elevated Shula's career mark to 325-147-6 entering the game.[78] Mexican athlete Andrés Espinosa won the men's division of the New York City Marathon, completing the 26.2-mile course in 2 hours, 10 minutes, and 4 seconds despite warm conditions that slowed the field.[79][80] Espinosa, aged 32, outpaced American Bob Kempainen by 59 seconds, marking his second career victory in the event after 1992.[81] The Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Kentucky Cycle by Robert Schenkkan premiered on Broadway at the Royale Theatre (now Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre), presenting nine interconnected one-acts spanning two centuries of Kentucky history through themes of land, violence, and family lineage.[82][83] Directed by David Esbjornson and starring Billy Crudup and Richard Thomas, the production ran for 34 performances until December 12, earning Tony nominations for Best Play and featured acting.[84] The drama Twilight of the Golds by Robert Schenkkan closed at the Booth Theatre after 29 performances, following its off-Broadway run earlier in the year.[85]

November 15, 1993

A group of 13 Cuban defectors, consisting of nine adults (including one pregnant woman) and five children, stole a Soviet-era Antonov An-2 biplane crop duster from a rural airfield in Cuba and piloted it approximately 200 miles across the Straits of Florida, landing near Homestead, Florida, after navigating through heavy thunderstorms and with nonfunctional navigational instruments.[86][87] The pilot, identified as a 32-year-old agricultural worker, had limited flying experience but managed the unauthorized takeoff without alerting Cuban authorities; upon arrival, U.S. immigration officials processed the group for political asylum, noting their dehydration and exhaustion from the roughly three-hour flight.[88] This incident highlighted ongoing desperation among Cubans seeking to escape the Castro regime's restrictions, amid a pattern of makeshift defections by sea and air during the early 1990s.[86] In New York, Joseph Buttafuoco, a 37-year-old auto body shop owner from Massapequa, Long Island, was sentenced to six months in jail after pleading guilty to one count of third-degree statutory rape for engaging in sexual relations with 16-year-old Amy Fisher in May 1991; the case had gained national notoriety due to Fisher's subsequent attempted murder of Buttafuoco's wife, Mary Jo, in 1992, for which Fisher served seven years in prison.[89][90] Buttafuoco, who initially denied the affair but later admitted it under a plea deal avoiding a felony charge, expressed remorse in court, attributing his actions to "lust," while facing boos from spectators; the sentencing marked the resolution of his criminal liability in the scandal, though civil suits from Mary Jo Buttafuoco followed.[91][89] In Arizona, a head-on collision on Interstate 17 near Black Canyon City between an Arizona Department of Corrections inmate transfer bus and a tractor-trailer killed the truck driver and correctional officer Robert K. Barchey, aged 42, who was transporting 28 inmates from a work detail; several inmates sustained injuries, but the cause was attributed to the truck crossing into oncoming traffic, with no evidence of inmate involvement.[92] Barchey, a 12-year veteran of the department, was credited with helping secure the inmates post-crash before succumbing to his injuries.[92]

November 16, 1993

President Bill Clinton signed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) into law on November 16, 1993, during a ceremony on the South Lawn of the White House.[93] The legislation, passed by the 103rd United States Congress, aimed to restore the standard of review for free exercise of religion claims to that applied prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Employment Division v. Smith (1990), which had held that neutral, generally applicable laws do not violate the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment even if they incidentally burden religious practices.[94] RFRA requires the government to demonstrate a compelling interest and use the least restrictive means when substantially burdening religious exercise.[95] The Act passed the House of Representatives on May 11, 1993, by a vote of 372-98, and an amended version passed the Senate on October 27, 1993, by unanimous consent before returning to the House for approval on November 16, 1993, also by unanimous consent.[93] Sponsored by Representatives Chuck Schumer and Christopher Cox in the House and Senator Orrin Hatch in the Senate, RFRA received broad bipartisan support, reflecting concerns over the Smith ruling's implications for religious liberty.[96] The law applies to both federal and state actions, though its application to states was later limited by the Supreme Court in City of Boerne v. Flores (1997).[97] In Russia, President Boris Yeltsin ordered the closure of the Lenin Museum in Moscow, a move symbolizing the rejection of Soviet-era ideology amid post-communist reforms.[9] The museum, dedicated to the life and works of Vladimir Lenin, had been a key institution of Soviet propaganda.[98] This action aligned with Yeltsin's broader efforts to dismantle communist symbols following the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991. On Broadway, the play Any Given Day by David Wiltse opened at the Longacre Theatre, running for 32 performances.[99] The production explored themes of urban life and personal struggle in New York City.[100]

November 17, 1993

The United States House of Representatives approved the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by a vote of 234 to 200, marking a key step toward implementing the trade pact between the US, Canada, and Mexico.[101] The legislation aimed to eliminate tariffs and trade barriers, though it faced opposition from labor unions and environmental groups concerned about job losses and regulatory standards.[102] President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore monitored the vote closely, with passage reflecting a narrow bipartisan coalition despite Democratic majorities in Congress.[103] In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha staged a bloodless military coup, ousting interim President Ernest Shonekan and assuming control as head of state, thereby suspending democratic institutions and returning the country to military rule.[104] Abacha, previously defense minister, justified the takeover citing political instability following the annulment of 1993 elections, initiating a period of authoritarian governance that lasted until his death in 1998.[9] The United Nations established the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague, the first such body since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials after World War II, with judges from 11 nations tasked with prosecuting war crimes committed during the Yugoslav conflicts.[101] This tribunal represented an effort to address atrocities in Bosnia and Croatia through international law, though its effectiveness and biases in prosecution have been debated by observers noting selective focus on certain parties.[105] The inaugural Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) leaders' meeting convened in Seattle, Washington, bringing together heads of state from 12 Pacific Rim economies to discuss trade liberalization and economic cooperation amid post-Cold War globalization.[106] An Antonov An-124 cargo plane crashed into a mountain in southern Iran near Isfahan, killing all 17 people on board in one of the largest aircraft types' early fatal incidents.[9] In European football qualification for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, England defeated San Marino 7–1 but failed to advance due to goal difference, eliminated alongside the Netherlands in a dramatic final matchday.[107] This outcome highlighted the high stakes of the group stage format, with the Dutch controversially advancing over Portugal.[108] A referendum in Puerto Rico on its political status resulted in 48.6% favoring continuation as a commonwealth, rejecting statehood (46.3%) and independence (4.4%), reflecting ongoing debates over US territorial relations.[106]

November 18, 1993

On November 18, 1993, negotiators from South Africa's Multi-Party Negotiation Forum, including representatives from the African National Congress and the National Party government, finalized and endorsed an interim constitution after months of talks aimed at dismantling apartheid structures. This document established a framework for non-racial elections in April 1994, universal adult suffrage, and protections for fundamental rights such as equality before the law and freedom of expression, while retaining some powers for the existing parliament during a transitional period.[109][110] The approval, reached in the early hours, represented a compromise that balanced demands for immediate power-sharing with safeguards against perceived radical changes, averting potential violence from hardline factions on both sides.[109] In the United States, Vince McMahon, founder and chairman of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), was indicted by a federal grand jury in New York on charges of conspiracy to distribute anabolic steroids, stemming from an investigation into the promotion's use of performance-enhancing drugs among wrestlers. McMahon faced allegations of personally supplying steroids to at least a dozen employees over several years, with the case highlighting broader scrutiny of drug practices in professional wrestling. The indictment, unsealed that day, led to a high-profile trial in 1994 where McMahon was ultimately acquitted on most counts, though it damaged the WWF's public image and prompted internal reforms. The grunge band Nirvana taped its acoustic set for MTV's Unplugged series at Sony Music Studios in Manhattan, performing stripped-down versions of tracks from albums like Nevermind and In Utero, along with covers such as David Bowie's "The Man Who Sold the World." Recorded amid Kurt Cobain's ongoing struggles with addiction and fame, the session featured guest musicians like cellist Lori Goldston and included rarely played songs, capturing the band's raw intensity in an intimate format.[111] The performance, aired on December 14, 1993, became a posthumous cultural milestone after Cobain's death five months later, with the resulting album topping charts upon its 1994 release.[111] In the United Kingdom, a minibus carrying 14 students from Davenant Foundation School in Loughton crashed into a parked highway maintenance truck on the M40 motorway near Warwick shortly after midnight, killing 12 children and injuring the survivors and driver. The accident, attributed to the minibus driver falling asleep at the wheel during a return trip from London, prompted investigations into road safety and vehicle maintenance standards.

November 19, 1993

On November 19, 1993, a status referendum was held in Curaçao, where voters opted to maintain the island's status within the Netherlands Antilles, rejecting independence or direct ties to the Netherlands.[112] With a turnout of approximately 62%, around 73% of participants favored remaining part of the Antilles federation, reflecting preferences for economic stability and shared governance over separation amid ongoing discussions about the future of the Dutch Caribbean territories.[113] In Algeria, an uprising by Islamist fundamentalists resulted in at least 27 deaths, intensifying the ongoing civil conflict between government forces and armed groups seeking to establish an Islamic state.[112] This incident occurred amid a broader wave of violence following the 1991 military intervention that halted elections poised to favor the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), with fundamentalists targeting security personnel and civilians in coordinated attacks.[114] A fire at a toy factory in Shenzhen, China, claimed 87 lives and injured 47 others, highlighting hazardous working conditions in rapidly industrializing facilities. The blaze, which started in a locked workshop producing plastic toys, spread quickly due to flammable materials and inadequate fire escapes, prompting local investigations into safety violations common in export-oriented factories during China's economic boom.[115] U.S. President Bill Clinton hosted the inaugural Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) leaders' summit in Seattle, Washington, aiming to foster trade liberalization among Pacific Rim nations.[115] Attended by heads of state from 15 economies, the meeting addressed market access barriers, with Clinton advocating for open markets despite resistance from Asian leaders citing their developmental needs, marking a key step in regional economic integration.[116] An agreement ended a prolonged strike by the United Mine Workers against major U.S. coal operators, averting further disruptions in the energy sector.[116] The contract, ratified after months of negotiations, included wage adjustments and health benefits, resolving disputes over job security in a declining industry facing competition from alternative fuels.[116]

November 20, 1993

On November 20, 1993, the United States Senate passed the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (H.R. 1025), legislation establishing a five-day waiting period and background checks for handgun purchases from licensed dealers to reduce gun violence.[117] The bill passed by a yea-nay vote of 63-36, substituting for a companion Senate measure (S. 414) and advancing toward conference reconciliation with the House version approved earlier that month.[118] Named for James Brady, who was severely wounded in the 1981 assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan, the act aimed to close loopholes in prior federal firearms regulations while mandating the creation of a national instant criminal background check system, though the waiting period was a temporary measure pending its implementation.[117] In aviation news, Avioimpex Flight 110, a Yakovlev Yak-42D operating as a charter from Geneva, Switzerland, to Skopje, Macedonia, diverted to Ohrid Airport due to poor weather at its destination.[119] During a second instrument approach amid low visibility and mountainous terrain, the aircraft struck Mount Trojani in a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accident approximately 8 kilometers from the runway threshold at 23:30 local time, killing 115 of the 116 people on board (108 passengers and 8 crew); the sole initial survivor succumbed to injuries shortly thereafter.[120][121] The crash, attributed to pilot error in navigation and failure to maintain proper altitude during the approach, marked one of Macedonia's deadliest aviation disasters and highlighted risks in post-Yugoslav regional operations.[119] In American college football, Auburn University defeated the University of Alabama 22-14 in the 58th Iron Bowl rivalry game held in Auburn, securing a significant victory in the longstanding series marred by NCAA sanctions on Alabama.[122] Separately, Boston College edged Notre Dame 41-39 in the annual Holy War matchup, a high-scoring affair that underscored the competitive intensity of the Catholic institutions' football tradition.[122] These outcomes contributed to end-of-season narratives amid broader discussions on athletic eligibility and program integrity.

November 21, 1993

The United States Senate ratified the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on November 21, 1993, approving the implementing legislation by a 61-38 vote.[123] This followed the House of Representatives' passage on November 17, advancing the pact negotiated under Presidents George H. W. Bush and [Bill Clinton](/page/Bill Clinton) to reduce tariffs and trade barriers among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.[124] The agreement took effect on January 1, 1994, creating a trilateral economic bloc with a combined GDP exceeding $6 trillion at the time.[125] In tennis, German player Michael Stich won the ATP Tour World Championships in Frankfurt, defeating American Pete Sampras 7–6, 2–6, 7–6, 6–2 in the final.[126] Stich, ranked world No. 2, secured his first and only title at the year-end event, which featured eight top players and served as a precursor to the modern ATP Finals.[127] The match highlighted dominant serving, with both competitors firing over 20 aces amid indoor carpet conditions. A fatal shark attack occurred off Roebuck Bay near Broome, Western Australia, where 27-year-old pearl diver Richard Peter Bisley was killed by a tiger shark while hookah diving at a pearl farm.[128] The incident, reported at approximately 3:15 p.m., marked one of the rare documented fatalities in the region, with the shark captured days later.[129]

November 22, 1993

The Mexican Senate approved the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on November 22, 1993, granting final legislative ratification after the agreement had passed the U.S. House of Representatives on November 17 and the U.S. Senate on November 20, as well as receiving Canadian approval earlier.[130] This vote, by a margin of 63-5, cleared the path for President Carlos Salinas de Gortari to sign the implementing legislation, advancing economic integration among the three nations despite domestic opposition from labor unions and environmental groups concerned about job displacement and regulatory standards.[130] In theater, Neil Simon's comedy Laughter on the 23rd Floor, a semi-autobiographical depiction of writers on the Your Show of Shows staff during the 1950s, opened at Broadway's Richard Rodgers Theatre, directed by Jack O'Brien and starring Nathan Lane; the production ran for 320 performances until August 1994.[131] British novelist and critic Anthony Burgess died of lung cancer in London at age 76; known for works including A Clockwork Orange (1962), which explored themes of free will and state control through dystopian narrative, Burgess had published over 50 books and composed music, with his later years marked by essays on language and Catholicism.[132]

November 23, 1993

United States President Bill Clinton signed Public Law 103-150, known as the Apology Resolution, which acknowledged the 100th anniversary of the 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and expressed the United States' regret for the role played by American citizens and officials in the illegal deposition of Queen Liliuokalani.[133] The joint resolution, passed by Congress earlier that month, detailed how the overthrow involved agents and citizens of the United States, leading to the provisional government's reliance on U.S. military support and eventual annexation in 1898 without a treaty or popular vote.[134] It explicitly stated that the resolution did not authorize claims against the United States, create new rights, or affect the legal status of Hawaii as a state, serving primarily as a symbolic gesture toward Native Hawaiians.[134] In theater, the second installment of Tony Kushner's Pulitzer Prize-winning epic Angels in America, subtitled Perestroika, opened on Broadway at the Walter Kerr Theatre, directed by George C. Wolfe and starring performers including Marion Seldes and Kathleen Chalfant.[135] The production, running in repertory with the first part Millennium Approaches, completed the seven-hour cycle exploring themes of AIDS, politics, and religion in 1980s America, ultimately achieving 216 performances for Perestroika and earning multiple Tony Awards.[136] Rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg (Calvin Broadus) released his debut studio album Doggystyle via Death Row Records and Interscope, produced primarily by Dr. Dre and featuring G-funk tracks like "Gin and Juice" and "Who Am I (What's My Name)?". The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling over 800,000 copies in its first week and eventually achieving quadruple platinum certification, marking a commercial peak for West Coast gangsta rap amid the label's dominance following Dr. Dre's The Chronic.

November 24, 1993

On November 24, 1993, Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, both aged 11, were convicted at Preston Crown Court of the murder of two-year-old James Bulger, marking one of the most notorious child-on-child killings in British history.[137] The boys had abducted Bulger from the New Strand Shopping Centre in Bootle, Merseyside, on February 12, 1993, leading him nearly three kilometers to a railway line where they subjected him to prolonged abuse, including battery with bricks, stones, and an iron bar, before leaving his body on the tracks.[138] Evidence included over 20 injuries documented in the autopsy, with the cause of death determined as massive head trauma; the pair were tried as adults due to the premeditated nature of the crime and sentenced to detention at Her Majesty's pleasure, with minimum terms later set at eight years before parole eligibility.[138] The case drew widespread media attention and public outrage, highlighting failures in early intervention for at-risk youth and prompting debates on juvenile justice and media influence on children. In the United States, the Senate cleared the conference report on H.R. 1025, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, by a vote effectively finalizing congressional passage of the measure requiring a mandatory five-day waiting period and background checks for handgun purchases from federally licensed dealers.[139] Named after James Brady, who was severely wounded in the 1981 assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan, the bill aimed to close gaps in the 1968 Gun Control Act by delaying immediate access to firearms for potential prohibited buyers, such as felons or those adjudicated mentally defective.[140] President Bill Clinton signed it into law on November 30, 1993, implementing interim provisions until a national instant check system could be established by 1998.[117] The film Mrs. Doubtfire, directed by Chris Columbus and starring Robin Williams as a divorced father disguising himself as a female housekeeper to spend time with his children, premiered in the United States, grossing over $441 million worldwide and earning Williams an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.[138]

November 25, 1993

A car bomb detonated near the home of Egyptian Prime Minister Atef Sedki in Cairo as his motorcade passed, in an assassination attempt attributed to Islamist militants of the Egyptian Islamic Group (al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya).[141][142] Sedki escaped unharmed in his armored vehicle, but the explosion killed a 12-year-old schoolgirl and wounded at least 21 others, including bystanders and security personnel.[143] Egyptian authorities later arrested and convicted several suspects linked to the plot, amid a broader campaign of violence by Islamist groups opposing the government's secular policies and economic reforms.[144][145] In Yemen, tribesmen abducted Haynes R. Mahoney III, the U.S. Information Service director in Sanaa, as he exited a hotel, marking one of several kidnappings of foreigners used to press demands on the government.[146][147] The kidnappers, from a northern tribe, sought improvements in local services and detained Mahoney for several days before his release on December 1 following negotiations.[148][149] This incident highlighted ongoing tribal unrest in Yemen, where such abductions served as leverage against central authorities in the unified republic formed after 1990.[150]

November 26, 1993

In the Gaza Strip, violent protests erupted following the killing of Emad Aqel, a 23-year-old commander of Hamas's military wing, Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, by Israeli forces on November 24 during a standoff in the Shaja'iya neighborhood. Aqel, who had been wanted since 1991 for orchestrating attacks that killed at least 11 Israeli soldiers, a settler, and Palestinian collaborators, exchanged fire with soldiers before being shot dead, prompting immediate clashes that injured several Palestinians. By November 26, riots intensified with stone-throwing, road blockades, and confrontations resulting in 34 Palestinians reported hurt, as demonstrators expressed fury over the operation amid ongoing Israeli-Palestinian tensions. Israeli officials described Aqel as a key terrorist figure responsible for multiple ambushes, including one in September 1993 that killed soldiers.[151][152][153] The previous day's Thanksgiving wedding of Democratic strategist James Carville and Republican consultant Mary Matalin drew media attention as a rare bipartisan union, held in New Orleans with Carville's family roots influencing the event's style. The couple, who met during the 1992 presidential campaign as opposing operatives, symbolized political divide yet personal compatibility, with the ceremony consummated amid festive noise on November 25 evening. Their marriage, enduring despite ideological differences, later produced two daughters and co-authored books on their dynamic.[154] Brazilian composer César Guerra-Peixe died at age 79 in Rio de Janeiro, known for blending classical forms with Brazilian folk elements in works like the Brasília Symphony and violin compositions. His career spanned violin performance, orchestration for films, and advocacy for national musical identity post-World War II.[155] In U.S. politics, the congressional session concluded amid passage of key Clinton administration priorities, including the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act cleared by both chambers earlier in the week, requiring background checks for handgun purchases. Discussions also highlighted President Clinton's role in averting a prolonged American Airlines flight attendants' strike on November 23 through mediated talks, restoring service after disruptions from November 18.[156][139][157]

November 27, 1993

Lisa Hanna, an 18-year-old from Jamaica, was crowned Miss World 1993 at the 43rd edition of the pageant held at the Sun City Entertainment Centre in Sun City, South Africa.[158] She succeeded previous titleholder Julia Kourotchkina of Russia and became the third Jamaican woman to win the crown, following Carole Crawford in 1963 and Cindy Breakspeare in 1976. The event featured 80 contestants and was hosted amid South Africa's post-apartheid transition, marking a notable international gathering.[159] In cricket, India defeated West Indies by 102 runs in the final of the C.A.B. Jubilee Tournament (Hero Cup), a limited-overs match at Eden Gardens in Kolkata to commemorate the Cricket Association of Bengal's diamond jubilee.[160] India scored 225 for 7 in 50 overs, with key contributions from batsmen including Sachin Tendulkar; West Indies were bowled out for 123, as leg-spinner Anil Kumble claimed career-best figures of 6 wickets for 12 runs in 7.1 overs.[160] This victory echoed India's 1983 World Cup triumph over the same opponent.[9] In Test cricket, Australian opener David Boon completed his 18th century, scoring 106 runs against New Zealand during the first Test at Bellerive Oval in Hobart, contributing to Australia's first-innings total of 307.[159] The match, part of a three-Test series, ended in a draw, with Boon reaching the milestone on the third day.[161]

November 28, 1993

In Canadian football, the Edmonton Eskimos defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 33–23 to win the 81st Grey Cup at McMahon Stadium in Calgary, Alberta.[162] The Eskimos' victory was powered by kicker Sean Fleming's six field goals and capitalized on seven Winnipeg turnovers, securing Edmonton's 11th Grey Cup title in franchise history.[162] In Honduras, Liberal Party candidate Carlos Roberto Reina won the presidential election with approximately 50% of the vote, defeating National Party incumbent Oswaldo Ramos Soto.[163] Reina, a human rights advocate and former diplomat, pledged to curb military influence and combat corruption during his upcoming term starting January 27, 1994.[163] The play Gray's Anatomy, a monologue by Spalding Gray recounting his fear of flying and subsequent medical ordeal, premiered at the Beaumont Theatre in New York City, running for 13 performances.[164]

November 29, 1993

A total lunar eclipse occurred on November 29, 1993, as the Moon passed through the Earth's shadow at its descending node. The event featured an umbral magnitude of 1.0876, meaning the Moon was fully immersed in the umbra with a small portion of its disk extending beyond the shadow's edge at maximum eclipse.[165] The penumbral magnitude reached 2.1633.[165] The eclipse was visible across the Americas, Europe, western Africa, and the Pacific regions.[166] Totality lasted 48 minutes, from 06:02 UTC to 06:50 UTC (1:02 a.m. to 1:50 a.m. EST).[167] Greatest eclipse occurred at 06:26 UTC (1:26 a.m. EST), when the Moon was positioned at 4° latitude and 25' longitude in the constellation Taurus.[4] Observers in the eastern United States noted a dark umbra overall, though the Moon's southern limb appeared unusually bright, creating a striking contrast sometimes described as a "diamond-ring" effect.[168] The full eclipse sequence spanned from penumbral contact at 03:40 UTC on November 29 (10:40 p.m. EST November 28) to penumbral exit at 09:24 UTC (4:24 a.m. EST).[169] No significant atmospheric or meteorological interference was widely reported, allowing clear viewing under favorable weather conditions in visible regions.[4] This eclipse was part of Saros cycle 135, which includes 71 events spanning from 1591 to 2771.[166]

November 30, 1993

On November 30, 1993, U.S. President Bill Clinton signed the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act into law, establishing a mandatory five-day waiting period for handgun purchases from federally licensed dealers to facilitate background checks aimed at preventing sales to prohibited individuals.[170] The legislation, named after James Brady who was severely wounded in the 1981 assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan, required checks for felony convictions, fugitive status, domestic violence misdemeanors, and other disqualifying factors.[140] James and Sarah Brady attended the signing ceremony as honored guests.[171] The act amended the Gun Control Act of 1968 and represented a compromise after years of legislative battles, with the waiting period serving as an interim measure until a national instant check system could be implemented.[170] Critics, including the National Rifle Association, argued it infringed on Second Amendment rights without effectively reducing crime, while proponents cited it as a step toward curbing gun violence.[140] The law took effect immediately for handgun sales, marking a significant expansion of federal oversight in firearms transactions.[172] In film, Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List premiered in Washington, D.C., receiving critical acclaim for its depiction of Oskar Schindler's efforts to save over 1,100 Jews during the Holocaust.[140] The black-and-white drama, based on Thomas Keneally's novel, went on to win seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director.

Births

Notable births

  • November 4 – Drew Starkey, American actor known for his role in the Netflix series Outer Banks.[173]
  • November 10 – Céline Boutier, French professional golfer who won the 2023 Evian Championship.[173]
  • November 13 – Julia Michaels, American singer-songwriter noted for hits like "Issues" and collaborations with artists including Justin Bieber.[174]
  • November 15 – Paulo Dybala, Argentine professional footballer playing as a forward for Roma and the Argentina national team.[173]
  • November 16 – Pete Davidson, American comedian and actor, cast member of Saturday Night Live from 2014 to 2022.[175]
  • November 24 – Saoirse-Monica Jackson, Northern Irish actress recognized for her role as Erin Quinn in Derry Girls.[173]
  • November 29 – Stefon Diggs, American NFL wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills, with over 6,000 receiving yards in his career.[173]

Deaths

Notable deaths

Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), a Spanish-born American biochemist who shared the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering enzymes involved in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), died on November 1 in Madrid, Spain, at the age of 88.[176] Léon Theremin (1896–1993), the Russian inventor known for creating the Theremin, an early electronic musical instrument played without physical contact, and for developing espionage devices like "The Thing" listening device, died on November 3 in Moscow at age 97 from natural causes.[177] Adelaide Hall (1901–1993), an American-born jazz singer and entertainer renowned for her scat singing and collaborations with Louis Armstrong, including the hit "Creole Love Call," died on November 7 in London at age 92 from natural causes related to old age. Lucia Popp (1939–1993), a Slovak soprano celebrated for her coloratura roles in operas by Mozart and Strauss at the Vienna State Opera, died on November 16 in Munich, Germany, at age 54 from brain cancer.[178] Bill Bixby (1934–1993), an American actor and director best known for portraying David Banner in the television series The Incredible Hulk (1978–1982) and starring in My Favorite Martian (1963–1966) and The Courtship of Eddie's Father (1969–1972), died on November 21 in Century City, California, at age 59 from complications of prostate cancer.[179] Anthony Burgess (1917–1993), a British novelist, critic, and composer whose dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange (1962) gained fame through its film adaptation and explored themes of free will and violence, died on November 22 in London at age 76 from lung cancer.

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  126. Nitto ATP Finals 50 Years: Stich Stuck The Landing In Frankfurt In ...
  127. Michael Stich | Titles and Finals | ATP Tour | Tennis
  128. shark attack in A pearl farm in Roebuck Bay in 1993
  129. Fatal shark attack near Cable Beach in Broome
  130. MEXICAN SENATE APPROVES NAFTA - The Washington Post
  131. Laughter on the 23rd Floor – Broadway Play – Original | IBDB
  132. https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/11/30/home/burgess-obit.html
  133. Hawai'i and the White House
  134. Apology Resolution Excerpts - HAWAII
  135. Angels in America: Perestroika – Broadway Show – Play - IBDB
  136. https://www.playbill.com/production/angels-in-america-perestroika-walter-kerr-theatre-vault-0000010051
  137. Timeline of events following abduction of James Bulger | ITV News
  138. What Happened on November 24, 1993 - On This Day
  139. President Signs 'Brady' Gun Control Law - CQ Almanac Online Edition
  140. Brady Bill signed into law | November 30, 1993 - History.com
  141. Egyptian official is bomb target - Baltimore Sun
  142. Egypt accuses group of assassination attempt - UPI Archives
  143. https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/10/world/15-egyptian-militants-held-on-plot-charges.html
  144. Egypt accuses 9 Muslim militants in attempt on leader's life - UPI
  145. Egypt Executes 2, Sentences 9 to Die for Attacks - Los Angeles Times
  146. U.S. DIPLOMAT KIDNAPPED IN YEMEN - Chicago Tribune
  147. American diplomat kidnapped in Yemen - Tampa Bay Times
  148. U.S. Diplomat Reported Freed by Yemen Tribe - Los Angeles Times
  149. American diplomat released in Yemen - Tampa Bay Times
  150. ABDUCTED AMERICAN IN YEMEN REPORTED TO HAVE SENT ...
  151. Gaza fury at death of Hamas leader | The Independent
  152. In Gaza Strip, 34 Palestinians reported hurt in rioting
  153. In Gaza standoff, Israelis kill chief of Hamas forces - Baltimore Sun
  154. From Political Rivals to Marital Partners - The New York Times
  155. What Happened on November 26, 1993 - On This Day
  156. Washington Week with The Atlantic | From the Vault, Nov. 26, 1993
  157. STRIKE AT AMERICAN AIRLINES; Airline Strike Ends as Clinton ...
  158. On this day in Jamaican history: Lisa Hanna was crowned Miss World
  159. What Happened on November 27, 1993 - On This Day
  160. IND vs WI Cricket Scorecard, Final at Kolkata, November 27, 1993
  161. November 27 Events in History at BrainyHistory.com
  162. FOOTBALL ESKIMOS WIN CFL TITLE
  163. HONDURAN PRESIDENT-ELECT - The Washington Post
  164. What Happened on November 28, 1993 - On This Day
  165. [PDF] Total Lunar Eclipse of 1993 Nov 29
  166. Total Lunar Eclipse of 1993 Nov 29 - EclipseWise
  167. Total Lunar Eclipse 1993
  168. A "Diamond-Ring" Lunar Eclipse - ADS - Astrophysics Data System
  169. Total Lunar Eclipse of November 29, 1993 - TheSkyLive
  170. Brady Law | Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
  171. Our History - Brady United
  172. 30 Years On, The Impact Of Brady Background Checks And…
  173. Famous People Born in November 1993 - On This Day
  174. Julia Michaels - IMDb
  175. Pete Davidson - IMDb
  176. Severo Ochoa, Biochemist, A Nobel Winner, 88, Dies
  177. Leon Theremin, Musical Inventor, Is Dead at 97 - The New York Times
  178. Obituaries : Lucia Popp; Longtime Leading Soprano With Vienna ...
  179. Bill Bixby, TV Actor, Dies at 59; Starred in 3 Long-Running Series
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