List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)

Angola

• Kasanje Kingdom (complete list) –

• Ngwangwa, King (1911–1912)

• Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) –

vassal to Portugal: 1888–1914

• Henrique IV, King (1896–1901)
• Pedro VI, King (1901–1910)
• Manuel Nkomba, King (1910–1911)
• Manuel III, King (1911–1914)

• Portuguese Angola, (complete list) –

Colony, 1575–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

• Fondom of Bafut (complete list) –

• Abumbi I, King (1852–1932)
• Achirimbi II, King (1932–1961, joined Cameroon)

• Duala people (complete list) –

• Dika a Mpondo, King, Paramount Chief (pre-1879–c.1905)
• Manga Ndumbe Bell, King Paramount Chief (c.1897–?)
• Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, King, Paramount Chief (c.1908–1913)

• Kamerun (complete list) –

German colony, 1884–1916

For details see the German Empire under central Europe

• French Cameroons, part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

League of Nations mandate, 1918–1946; United Nations trust territory, 1946–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• British Cameroons part of British West Africa (complete list) –

League of Nations mandate, 1922–1946; United Nations trust territory, 1946–1961

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Central African Republic

• Ubangi-Shari part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1903–1958

For details see France under western Europe

Chad

• Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) –

• Gaourang II, Mbang (1885–1918)

vassal to France: from 1912

• Mahamat Abdelkader, Mbang (1918–1935)

• Wadai Empire (complete list) –

• Ahmad Abu al-Ghazali ibn 'Ali, Kolak (1900–1901)
• Dud Murra, Kolak (1901–1909)
• 'Asil, Kolak (1909–1912)

• French Chad, part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1900–1960

For details see France under western Europe

Congo: Belgian

• Congo Free State

• Sovereign –

• Leopold II of Belgium, Sovereign (1885–1908)

• Governors general (complete list) –

• Théophile Wahis, Governor general (1892–1908)

• Belgian Congo (complete list) –

Colony, 1908–1960

For details see the Belgium under Western Europe

Congo: French

• French Congo part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1882–1910

For details see France under western Europe

• French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

Federation of colonies, 1910–1934; Colony, 1934–1958

For details see France under western Europe

Equatorial Guinea

• Spanish Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1778–1968

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

• Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) –

• Rogombé-Nwèntchandi, Agamwinboni (?–1927)

• French Gabon, part of French Equatorial Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1882–1910

For details see France under western Europe

São Tomé and Príncipe

• Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) –

Colony, 1470–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Great Lakes area

Burundi

• Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) –

• Mwezi IV, King (c.1850–1908)
• Mutaga IV, King (1908–1915)
• Mwambutsa IV, King (1915–1966)
• Ntare V Ndizeye, King (1966)

• Ruanda-Urundi (complete list) –

League of Nations mandate of Belgium, 1922–1946; United Nations trust territory, 1946–1962

For details see Belgium under western Europe

Kenya

• Wituland (complete list) –

• Fumo 'Umar ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1891–1893, 1895–1923)

• East Africa Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1895–1920

• Kenya Colony (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1920–1963

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Rwanda

• Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) –

• Yuhi V Musinga, King (1896–1931)
• Mutara III Rudahigwa, King (1931–1959)
• Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, King (1959–1961)

Tanzania

• Sultanate of Zanzibar (complete list) –

• Hamoud, Sultan (1896–1902)
• Ali II, Sultan (1902–1911)
• Khalifa II, Sultan (1911–1960)
• Abdullah, Sultan (1960–1963)
• Jamshid, Sultan (1963–1964)

• German East Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1885–1919

For details see the German Empire under central Europe

• Tanganyika under Britain (complete list) –

League of Nations mandate of Britain, 1922–1946; United Nations trust territory, 1946–1961

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Uganda

• Ankole (complete list) –

• Kahaya II, Omugabe (1895–1944)
• Gasyonga II, Omugabe (1944–1967)

• Buganda (complete list) –

• Daudi Chwa II, Kabaka (1897–1939)
• Muteesa II, Kabaka (1939–1969)

• Bunyoro (complete list) –

• Kitahimbwa, Omukama (1898–1902)
• Duhaga III, Omukama (1902–1924)
• Winyi IV, Omukama (1925–1967)

• Uganda Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1894–1962

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti

• French Somaliland (complete list) –

Colony, 1896–1946; Overseas territory, 1946–1967

For details see France under western Europe

Eritrea

• Italian Eritrea (complete list) –

Colony, 1890–1936

For details see Italy under southcentral Europe

Ethiopia

• Ethiopian Empire (complete list) –

• Menelik II, Emperor (1889–1913)
• Iyasu V, Emperor (1913–1916)
• Zewditu I, Empress (1916–1930)
• Haile Selassie I, Emperor (1930–1974)

• Italian East Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1936–1941

For details see Italy under southcentral Europe

• Sultanate of Aussa (complete list) –

• Mahammad ibn Hanfere, Amoyta (1862–1902)
• Mahammad ibn Aydahis ibn Hanfere, Amoyta (1902–c.1910)
• Yayyo ibn Mahammad ibn Hanfere, Amoyta (c.1902–1927)
• Mahammad Yayyo, Amoyta (1927–1944)

• Kingdom of Gumma (complete list)^[1] –

• Firisa, Moti (1899–1902)

• Kingdom of Jimma (complete list) –

• Abba Jifar II, Moti (1878–1932)
• Abba Jofir, Moti (1932)

• Leqa Neqemte (complete list) –

• Kumsa Mereda, Moti (1888–1923)

Somalia

• Dervish state –

• Diiriye Guure, sultan (1895–1920)
• Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, emir (1899–1920)

• Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) –

• Osman Ahmed, Sultan (1878–1911)^[2][3]

• Sultanate of Hobyo –

• Yusuf Ali Kenadid, Sultan (1870s–early 20th century)
• Ali Yusuf Kenadid, Sultan (early 20th century–1926)

• Majeerteen Sultanate (complete list) –

• Osman Mahamuud, King (1860–c.1924)

• Italian Somaliland part of Italian East Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1890–1936

For details see Italy under southcentral Europe

British Occupied territory, 1941–1949

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• British Somaliland (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Trust Territory of Somaliland (complete list) –

United Nations trust territory of Italy, 1950–1960

For details see Italy under southcentral Europe

Indian Ocean

Comoros

• Sultanate of Mwali (complete list) –

• Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara Queen/Sultan (1888–1909)

• Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) –

• Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar, Sultan (1892–1912)

• French Comoros (complete list) –

Annexed by France, 1841–1843; Colony attached to Mayotte, 1843–1914; Colony attached to French Madagascar, 1914–1946

• Territory of the Comoros (complete list) –

French overseas territory, 1946–1961; French autonomous territory, 1961–1975

For details see France under western Europe

Madagascar

• French Madagascar (complete list) –

Colony, 1897–1958

For details see France under western Europe

Mauritius

• British Mauritius (complete list) –

Colony, 1810–1968

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Seychelles

• Colony of Seychelles (1903–1976)

Part of British Mauritius, 1811–1903; British colony, 1903–1976

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Libya

• Italian Libya (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1912–1934; Colony, 1934–1943

For details see Italy under southcentral Europe

• Tripolitanian Republic –

• Ahmad Tahir al-Murayyid, Chairman (1918–1923)

• Allied administration of Libya (UK & France) –

Allied military administration, 1942–1951

• Cyrenaica Emirate (complete list) –

• Idris, Emir (1949–1951), King (1951–1969)

Tunisia

• Beylik of Tunis

• Beys (complete list) –

• Ali III ibn al-Husayn, Bey (1882–1902)
• Muhammad IV al-Hadi, Bey (1902–1906)
• Muhammad V an-Nasir, Bey (1906–1922)
• Muhammad VI al-Habib, Bey (1922–1929)
• Ahmad II ibn Ali, Bey (1929–1942)
• Muhammad VII al-Munsif, Bey (1942–1943)
• Muhammad VIII al-Amin, Bey (1943–1956)

• Grand viziers (complete list) –

• Aziz Bouattour, Grand vizier (1882–1907)
• M'hamed Djellouli, Grand vizier (1907–1908)
• Youssef Djait, Grand vizier (1908–1915)
• Taïeb Djellouli, Grand vizier (1915–1922)
• Mustapha Dinguizli, Prime minister (1922–1926)
• Khelil Bouhageb, Prime minister (1926–1932)
• Hédi Lakhoua, Prime minister (1932–1942)
• Mohamed Chenik, Prime minister (1943)
• Slaheddine Baccouche, Prime minister (1943–1947)
• Mustapha Kaak, Prime minister (1947–1950)
• Mohamed Chenik, Prime minister (1950–1952)

• French protectorate of Tunisia (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1881–1956

For details see France under western Europe

Egypt

• Khedivate of Egypt

Under British occupation since 1882

• Khedive (complete list) –

• Abbas II, Khedive (1892–1914)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mostafa Fahmy Pasha, Prime minister (1895–1908)
• Boutros Ghali, Prime minister (1908–1910)
• Mohamed Said Pasha, Prime minister (1910–1914)
• Hussein Roshdy Pasha, Prime minister (1914)

• Sultanate of Egypt

British protectorate, 1914–1922

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Sultan (complete list) –

• Hussein Kamel, Sultan (1914–1917)
• Fuad I, Sultan (1917–1922), King (1922–1936)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hussein Roshdy Pasha, Prime minister (1914–1919)
• Mohamed Said Pasha, Prime minister (1919)
• Youssef Wahba, Prime minister (1919–1920)
• Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1921–1922)

• Kingdom of Egypt

• King (complete list) –

• Fuad I, Sultan (1917–1922), King (1922–1936)
• Farouk I, King (1936–1952)

• British High Commissioners (complete list) –

• Milne Cheetham, Acting High Commissioner (1914–1915)
• Henry McMahon, High Commissioner (1915–1917)
• Francis Reginald Wingate, High Commissioner (1917–1919)
• Edmund Allenby, High Commissioner (1919–1925)
• George Lloyd, High Commissioner (1925–1929)
• Percy Loraine, High Commissioner (1929–1933)
• Miles Lampson, High Commissioner (1934–1936)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha, Prime minister (1922)
• Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1922–1923)
• Yehya Ibrahim Pasha, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Saad Zaghloul, Prime minister (1924)
• Ahmed Zeiwar Pasha, Prime minister (1924–1926)
• Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1926–1927)
• Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha, Prime minister (1927–1928)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1928)
• Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha, Prime minister (1928–1929)
• Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1929–1930)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1930)
• Ismail Sedky, Prime minister (1930–1933)
• Abdel Fattah Yahya Pasha, Prime minister (1933–1934)
• Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1934–1936)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1936)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1936–1937)
• Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha, Prime minister (1937–1939)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1939–1940)
• Hassan Sabry Pasha, Prime minister (1940)
• Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1940–1942)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1942–1944)
• Ahmad Mahir Pasha, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Ismail Sedky, Prime minister (1946)
• Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha, Prime minister (1946–1948)
• Ibrahim Abdel Hady Pasha, Prime minister (1948–1949)
• Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1949–1950)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Sudan

• Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) –

• Ali Dinar, Sultan (1898–1916)

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (complete list / complete list) –

Condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt, 1899–1956

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Algeria

• French Algeria (complete list) –

French Départements, 1830–1962

For details see France under western Europe

Morocco and Western Sahara

• Sultanate of Morocco: Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

• Abdelaziz, Sultan (1894–1908)
• Abdelhafid, Sultan (1908–1912)

French protectorate, 1912–1956; Spanish protectorate, 1912–1956; Tangier International Zone, 1924–1956

• Yusef, Sultan (1912–1927)
• Mohammed V, Sultan (1927–1953, 1955–1957), King (1957–1961)

• Republic of the Rif –

• Abd el-Krim, President (1921–1926)

• Spanish Sahara, (complete list) –

Overseas territory, 1884–1958; Overseas province, 1958–1975

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Botswana

• Bechuanaland Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1885–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Eswatini/ Swaziland

• Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Labotsibeni Mdluli, Ndlovukati (1894–1925), Queen Regent (1899–1903) Queen Regent under British rule (1903–1921)

• Protectorate of Swaziland

British protectorate, 1906–1968

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Kings (complete list) –

• Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief under British rule (1921–1968), King (1968–1982)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Labotsibeni Mdluli, Ndlovukati (1894–1925), Queen Regent (1899–1903) Queen Regent under British rule (1903–1921)
• Lomawa Ndwandwe, Ndlovukati (1925–1938)
• Nukwase Ndwandwe, Ndlovukati (1938–1957)

Lesotho

• Basutoland (complete list) –

British colony, 1884–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Paramount Chiefs (complete list) –

• Lerotholi, Paramount Chief (1891–1905)
• Letsie II, Paramount Chief (1905–1913)
• Nathaniel Griffith Lerotholi, Paramount Chief (1913–1939)
• Simon Seeiso Griffith, Paramount Chief (1939–1940)
• Gabasheane Masupha, Regent (1940–1941)
• 'Mantšebo, Regent (1941–1960)

Malawi

• British Central Africa Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1893–1907

• Nyasaland (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1907–1964

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Mozambique

• Angoche Sultanate –

• Umar Farelay (also known as Mahamuieva), Sultan (c.1890–1910)

• Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) –

Colony, 1498–1972; Territory, 1972–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

• German South West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1884–1915

For details see the German Empire under central Europe

• South West Africa (complete list) –

League of Nations mandate of South Africa, 1915–1946; United Nations trust territory, 1946–1990

For details see the South African Republic under southern Africa

South Africa

• British Central Africa Protectorate (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1893–1907

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Cape Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1795–1910

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Colony of Natal (complete list) –

British colony, 1843–1910

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Orange Free State (complete list) –

• Martinus Theunis Steyn, State President (1896–1902)
• Christiaan de Wet, Acting State President (1902)

• Orange River Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1902–1910

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• South African Republic (complete list) –

• Schalk Willem Burger, Acting State President (1900–1902)

• Transvaal Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1877–1881, 1902–1910

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Union of South Africa

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George V, King (1910–1936)
• Edward VIII, King (1936)
• George VI, King (1936–1952)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Louis Botha, Prime minister (1910–1919)
• Jan Smuts, Prime minister (1919–1924)
• J. B. M. Hertzog, Prime minister (1924–1939)
• Jan Smuts, Prime minister (1939–1948)
• Daniel François Malan, Prime minister (1948–1954)

Zambia

• Kazembe –

• Kanyembo Ntemena, Mwata (1883–1885, 1886–1904)

• Barotseland (complete list) –

• Lubosi I, Mbumu wa Litunga (1885–1916)
• Mokamba–Regent, Mbumu wa Litunga (1916)
• Yeta III, Mbumu wa Litunga (1916–1945)
• Shemakone Kalonga Wina, Regent (1945–1946)
• Imwiko Lewanika, Mbumu wa Litunga (1946–1948)
• Shemakone Kalonga Wina, Regent (1948)
• Mwanawina III, Mbumu wa Litunga (1948–1968)

• Company rule in Rhodesia by the British South Africa Company (complete list) –

Company rule, 1890–1924

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Northern Rhodesia (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1924–1964

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Zimbabwe

• Southern Rhodesia (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1924–1964

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Benin

• Kingdom of Agwe –

• State reconstituted under joint Franco-German colonial authority (1901)
• Abalo Bajavi, King (1901–1930)
• Kofi Titriwe, King (1930–1935)
• Augustino Olympio, King (1937–1945)
• Kponton II, King (1946–1949)

• Kingdom of Dahomey (Dahomey kings) (French presidents) –

French Protectorate, 1894–1904

For details see France under western Europe

• French Dahomey, part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1904–1958

For details see France under western Europe

• Hogbonu (complete list) –

• Toffa I, Ahosu (1874–1908)

Burkina Faso

• Kingdom of Koala (complete list) –

• Yenkuaga, King (c.1878–1917)^[4]
• Labidiedo, King (1918–1920)^[5]
• Yenkpaari, King (1920–1937)^[6][7]
• Yempaabu, King (1941–1986)^[5][7]

• Mossi Kingdom of Bilanga (complete list) –

Buricimba dynasty

• Yaaparigu, Bilanbedo (1887–1919)
• Boagri, Bilanbedo (1919)
• Hampandi, Bilanbedo (1919–1927)
• Banyikuba, Bilanbedo (1927–1970)

• Mossi Kingdom of Bilayanga (complete list) –

• Yenhamma, ruler (unknown date)
• Wurijuari, ruler (20th century)
• Yentagma, ruler (20th century)

• Mossi Kingdom of Bongandini (complete list) –

• Hampandi, ruler (1899–1923)

• Mossi Kingdom of Con (complete list) –

• Baahamma, ruler (1892–1905)
• Hamicuuri, ruler (1905–1942)
• Yencabri, ruler (1942–1969)

• Mossi Kingdom of Gwiriko (complete list) –

• Pintyeba Wattara, ruler (1897–1909)
• Karamoko, ruler (1909–1915)

• Mossi Kingdom of Kuala (complete list) –

• Yenkuagu, ruler (1878–1917)
• Labidiedo, ruler (1918–1920)
• Yenkpaari, ruler (1920–1937)
• Interregnum, ruler (1937–1941)
• Yempaabu, ruler (1941–?)

• Mossi Kingdom of Liptako (complete list) –

• Brahima Usman, Almami (1891–1915)
• Bubakar bi Amadu Baba Gedal, Almami (1916–1918)
• Abdurahman Diko bi Amadu, Almami (1918–1932)
• Abdullahi Sandu bi Faruku, Almami (1932–1956)

• Mossi Kingdom of Macakoali (complete list) –

• Huntani, Boopo (1897–1902)
• Yenmiama, Boopo (1902–1906)
• Haminari, Boopo (1906–1910)
• Simadari, Boopo (1910–1932)
• Hamicuuri, Boopo (1932–1932)
• Yensongu, Boopo (1932–1932)
• Wurabiari, Boopo (1932–1937)
• Yaaparigu, Boopo (1937–1943)
• Wuracaari, Boopo (1943–1945)
• Yendieri, Boopo (1945–1976)

• Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) –

• Bancandi, Nunbado (1892–1911)

• Mossi Kingdom of Pama –

• Baahamma, Jafuali (1878–1918)
• Hamicuuri, Jafuali (1918–1919)
• Yenkoari, Jafuali (1919–1929)
• Yenhamma, Jafuali (1929–1938)
• Huntani, Jafuali (1938–1952)

• Mossi Kingdom of Piéla (complete list) –

• Yentandi, Pielabedo (1856–1901)
• Kupiendieri, Pielabedo (1901–1932)
• Yentugri, Pielabedo (1932–1949)
• Yensongu, Pielabedo (1949–?)

• Mossi Kingdom of Tenkodogo (complete list) –

• Koom, Naaba (?–1933)
• Yamba Sorgo, Naaba (1933–1957)

• Mossi Kingdom of Wogodogo (complete list) –

• Naaba Sigiri, Moogo-naaba (1897–1905)
• Naaba Koom II, Moogo-naaba (1905–1942)
• Naaba Saaga II, Moogo-naaba (1942–1957)

• Mossi Kingdom of Yatenga (complete list) –

• Naaba Ligidi, Yatenga naaba (1899–1902)
• Naaba Kobga, Yatenga naaba (1902–1914)
• Naaba Tigre, Yatenga naaba (1914–1954)

• French Upper Volta part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1919–1932, 1947–1958

For details see France under western Europe

Cape Verde

• Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) –

Colony, 1462–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

• Gambia Colony and Protectorate (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1821–1965

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Ghana

• Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) –

• Prempeh I, Asantehene (1888–1902)
• Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II, Asantehene (1935–1957)

• Gold Coast (complete list) –

British colony, 1821–1957

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Guinea

• French Guinea part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1894–1958

For details see France under western Europe

Guinea-Bissau

• Portuguese Guinea (complete list) –

Colony, 1474–1951

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

• French Ivory Coast part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1893–1960

For details see France under western Europe

Liberia

• Liberia (complete list) –

• Garretson W. Gibson, President (1900–1904)
• Arthur Barclay, President (1904–1912)
• Daniel Edward Howard, President (1912–1920)
• Charles D. B. King, President (1920–1930)
• Edwin Barclay, President (1930–1944)
• William Tubman, President (1944–1971)

Mali

• French Sudan part of French West Africa (complete list) –

Colony, 1880–1958

For details see France under western Europe

Mauritania

• Colonial Mauritania part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1903–1960

For details see France under western Europe

Niger

• Dendi Kingdom: Askiya dynasty (complete list) –

• Malla, Askiya (1887–1901)^[8]
• Igoumou, Askiya (1901)

• Dosso Kingdom (complete list) –

• Zarmakoy Attikou, King (1897–1902)
• Zarmakoy Aoûta/Awta, King (1902–1913)
• Zarmakoy Moussa, King (1913–1924)
• Zarmakoy Saidou, King (1924–1938)
• Zarmakoy Moumouni, King (1938–1953)

• Upper Senegal and Niger part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1904–1921

• Colony of Niger part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1921–1960

For details see France under western Europe

Nigeria

• Adamawa Emirate –

• Zubayru bi Adama, Baban-Lamido (1890–1901)
• Baba Ahmadu, Baban-Lamido (1901–1903)

• Akwa Akpa (Old Calabar)^[9] –

• Eyo Etinyin, King (c.1896–c.1903)

• Kingdom of Bonny –

• Ate, Regent (1892–1914)

• Egba Ake –

• Gbadebo I, Alake (1898–1920)
• Ladapo Samuel Ademola II, Alake (1872–1962), in exile (1948–1950), ruler (1920–1962)

• Ilorin Emirate –

• Sulaymanu dan Aliyu, Emir (1896–1914)
• Shuaybu Bawa dan Zubayru, Emir (1915–1919)
• Abdulkadir Dan Bawa, Emir (1920–1959)

• Kano Emirate

• Emirs (complete list) –

• Aliyu Babba, Emir (1894–1903)

• Grand Viziers

• Ahmadu Mai Shahada, Grand Vizier (1889–1903)

• Kingdom of Nri (complete list) –

• Òbalíke, Eze Nri (1889–1911)

• Nupe Kingdom (complete list) –

• Abu Bakr dan Masaba, Etsu (1895–1897, 1899–1901)

• Opobo (complete list)–

• Obiesigha Jaja II (Frederick Sunday), King (1893–1915)
• Dipiri (Arthur Mac Pepple), King (1916–1936)
• Sodienye Jaja III (Douglas Mac Pepple), (1936–1942, 1952–1980)
• Stephen Ubogu Jaja IV, acting King (1942–1946)

• Sokoto Caliphate

• Sultans (complete list) –

• Abdur Rahman Atiku, Sultan (1891–1902)
• Muhammadu Attahiru I, Sultan (1902–1903)

• Grand viziers (complete list) –

• Muhammadu al-Bukhari, Grand Vizier (1890–1903)

• Suleja Emirate (complete list) –

• Ibrahim "Iyalai" "Dodon Gwari", Emir (1877–1902)
• Muhammad Gani, Emir (1902–1917)
• Musa Angulu, Emir (1917–1944)
• Sulaimanu Barau, Emir (1944–1979)

• Yauri Emirate –

• Abd Allahi Abarshi dan 'Ali dan Yerima, Emir (1888–1904)

• Oil Rivers Protectorate/ Niger Coast Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1884–1893/ 1893–1900

• Lagos Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1821–1957

• Northern Nigeria Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1900–1914

• Southern Nigeria Protectorate (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1900–1914

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Senegal

• Kingdom of Sine (complete list) –

• Mahecor Joof, Maad a Sinig (1924–c.1960)^[10][11]

• Saloum (complete list) –

• Fode N'Gouye Joof, Maad Saloum (1935–c.1960)^[11][10]

• Senegambia and Niger part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1902–1904

• Upper Senegal and Niger part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1904–1921

• French Senegal part of French West Africa (complete list) –

French colony, 1848–1960

For details see France under western Europe

• French West Africa (complete list) –

Federation of colonies, 1895–1958

For details see France under western Europe

Sierra Leone

• Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate, British colony (complete list) –

British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Togo

• German Togoland, German protectorate (complete list) –

Protectorate, 1884–1916

For details see the German Empire under central Europe

• British Togoland (complete list) –

League of Nations Mandate Territory, 1916–1946; United Nations Trust Territory, 1946–1956

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• French Togoland (complete list) –

League of Nations Mandate Territory, 1916–1946; United Nations Trust Territory, 1946–1960

For details see France under western Europe

Cuba

• Republic of Cuba

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Tomás Estrada Palma, President (1902–1906)
• US occupation (1906–1909)
• José Miguel Gómez, President (1909–1913)
• Mario García Menocal, President (1913–1921)
• Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso, President (1921–1925)
• Gerardo Machado, President (1925–1933)
• Alberto Herrera y Franchi, Interim President (1933)
• Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada, President (1933)
• Pentarchy of 1933
• Ramón Grau, President (1933–1934)
• Carlos Hevia, Interim President (1934)
• Manuel Márquez Sterling, Interim President (1934)
• Carlos Mendieta, Interim President (1934–1935)
• José Agripino Barnet, Interim President (1935–1936)
• Miguel Mariano Gómez, President (1936)
• Federico Laredo Brú, President (1936–1940)
• Fulgencio Batista, President (1940–1944)
• Ramón Grau, President (1944–1948)
• Carlos Prío Socarrás, President (1948–1952)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Carlos Saladrigas Zayas, Prime minister (1940–1942)
• Ramón Zaydín, Prime minister (1942–1944)
• Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Prime minister (1944)
• Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Carlos Prío Socarrás, Prime minister (1945–1947)
• Raúl López del Castillo, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Manuel Antonio de Varona, Prime minister (1948–1950)
• Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Dominican Republic

• Second Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, President (1899–1902)
• Horacio Vásquez, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1902–1903)
• Alejandro Woss y Gil, President (1903)
• Carlos Felipe Morales, President (1903–1905)

• Manuel Lamarche García, Emiliano Tejera, Andrés Julio Montolío, Francisco Leonte Vásquez Lajara, Carlos Ginebra, Eladio Victoria, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Council of Secretaries of State (1905–1906)

• Ramón Cáceres, President (1906–1911)

• Miguel Antonio Román, José María Cabral, Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Manuel Lamarche García, Emilio Tejera, Rafael Díaz, Council of Secretaries of State (1911)

• Eladio Victoria, President (1911–1912)
• Adolfo Alejandro Nouel, Provisional President (1912–1913)
• José Bordas Valdez, Provisional President (1913–1914)
• Ramón Báez, Provisional President (1914)
• Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, President (1914–1916)

• Jaime Mota, Bernardo Pichardo, José Manuel Jimenes, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Council of Secretaries of State (1916)

• Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal, President (1916)

• Third Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos, Provisional President (1922–1924)
• Horacio Vásquez, President (1924–1930)
• Rafael Estrella Ureña, Acting President (1930)
• Rafael Trujillo, President (1930–1938)
• Jacinto Peynado, President (1938–1940)
• Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha, President (1940–1942)
• Rafael Trujillo, President (1942–1952)

Haiti

• Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Tirésias Simon Sam, President (1896–1902)
• Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, Provisional President (1902)
• Pierre Nord Alexis, President (1902–1908)
• François C. Antoine Simon, President (1908–1911)
• Cincinnatus Leconte, President (1911–1912)
• Tancrède Auguste, President (1912–1913)
• Michel Oreste, President (1913–1914)
• Oreste Zamor, President (1914)
• Joseph Davilmar Théodore, President (1914–1915)
• Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, President (1915)
• Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, President (1915–1922)
• Louis Borno, President (1922–1930)
• Louis Eugène Roy, President (1930)
• Sténio Vincent, President (1930–1941)
• Élie Lescot, President (1941–1946)
• Franck Lavaud, Chairman of the Military Executive Committee (1946)
• Dumarsais Estimé, President (1946–1950)
• Franck Lavaud, Chairman of the Government Junta (1950)
• Paul Magloire, President (1950–1956)

Costa Rica

• First Costa Rican Republic (complete list) –

• Rafael Yglesias Castro, President (1894–1902)
• Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra, President (1902–1906)
• Cleto González Víquez, President (1906–1910)
• Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1910–1914)
• Alfredo González Flores, President (1914–1917)
• Federico Tinoco Granados, President (1917–1919)
• Juan Quirós Segura, President (1919)
• Francisco Aguilar Barquero, President (1919–1920)
• Julio Acosta García, President (1920–1924)
• Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1924–1928)
• Cleto González Víquez, President (1928–1932)
• Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1932–1936)
• León Cortés Castro, President (1936–1940)
• Rafael Calderón Guardia, President (1940–1944)
• Teodoro Picado Michalski, President (1944–1948)
• Santos León Herrera, Interim President (1948)

• Republic of Costa Rica (complete list) –

• José Figueres Ferrer, President (1948–1949)
• Otilio Ulate Blanco, President (1949–1953)

El Salvador

• El Salvador (complete list) –

• Tomás Regalado, President (1898–1903)
• Pedro José Escalón, President (1903–1907)
• Fernando Figueroa, President (1907–1911)
• Manuel Enrique Araujo, President (1911–1913)
• Carlos Meléndez Ramirez, Provisional President (1913–1914)
• Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Provisional President (1914–1915)
• Carlos Meléndez Ramirez, President (1915–1918)
• Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Provisional President (1918–1919)
• Jorge Meléndez, President (1919–1923)
• Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, President (1923–1927)
• Pío Romero Bosque, President (1927–1931)
• Arturo Araujo, President (1931)
• Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, Provisional President (1931–1934)
• Andrés Ignacio Menéndez, Provisional President (1934–1935)
• Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, President (1935–1944)
• Andrés Ignacio Menéndez, Provisional President (1944)
• Osmín Aguirre y Salinas, Provisional President (1944–1945)
• Salvador Castaneda Castro, President (1945–1948)
• Revolutionary Council of Government, (1948–1950)
• Óscar Osorio, President (1950–1956)

Guatemala

• Guatemala (complete list) –

• Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President (1898–1920)
• Carlos Herrera, President (1920–1921)
• José María Orellana, President (1921–1926)
• Lázaro Chacón González, President (1926–1931)
• José María Reina Andrade, Acting President (1931)
• Jorge Ubico, President (1931–1944)
• Juan Federico Ponce Vaides, Acting President (1944)
• Revolutionary Government Junta, President (1944–1945)
• Juan José Arévalo, President (1945–1951)

Honduras

• Honduras (complete list) –

• Terencio Sierra, President (1899–1903)
• Juan Ángel Arias Boquín, President (1903)
• Manuel Bonilla, President (1903–1907)
• Miguel Oquelí Bustillo, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1907)
• Miguel R. Dávila, President (1907–1911)
• Francisco Bertrand, Acting President (1911–1912)
• Manuel Bonilla, President (1912–1913)
• Francisco Bertrand, President (1913–1919)
• Salvador Aguirre, Acting President (1919)
• Vicente Mejía Colindres, Acting President (1919)
• Francisco Bográn, Acting President (1919–1920)
• Rafael López Gutiérrez, President (1920–1924)
• Francisco Bueso, Acting President (1924)
• Tiburcio Carías Andino, President as First Chief of the Liberating Revolution (1924)
• Vicente Tosta, Provisional President (1924–1925)
• Miguel Paz Barahona, President (1925–1929)
• Vicente Mejía Colindres, President (1929–1933)
• Tiburcio Carías Andino, President (1933–1949)
• Juan Manuel Gálvez, President (1949–1954)

Nicaragua

• Nicaragua (complete list) –

• José Santos Zelaya, President (1893–1909)
• José Madriz, Acting President (1909–1910)
• José Dolores Estrada, Acting President (1910)
• Luis Mena, Acting President (1910)
• Juan José Estrada, Provisional President (1910–1911)
• Adolfo Díaz, President (1911–1917)
• Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, President (1917–1921)
• Diego Manuel Chamorro, President (1921–1923)
• Rosendo Chamorro, Acting President (1923)
• Bartolomé Martínez, President (1923–1925)
• Carlos José Solórzano, President (1925–1926)
• Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, de facto President (1926)
• Sebastián Uriza, Acting President (1926)
• Adolfo Díaz, President (1926–1929)
• José María Moncada, President (1929–1933)
• Juan Bautista Sacasa, President (1933–1936)
• Carlos Alberto Brenes, Acting President (1936–1937)
• Anastasio Somoza García, President (1937–1947)
• Leonardo Argüello Barreto, President (1947)
• Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa, Acting President (1947)
• Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes, President (1947–1950)
• Manuel Fernando Zurita, Acting President (1950)
• Anastasio Somoza García, President (1950–1956)

Panama

• Panama (complete list) –

• Manuel Amador Guerrero, President (1904–1908)
• José Domingo de Obaldía, President (1908–1910)
• Carlos Antonio Mendoza, Acting President (1910)
• Federico Boyd, Acting President (1910)
• Pablo Arosemena, Acting President (1910–1912)
• Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1912–1916)
• Ramón Maximiliano Valdés, President (1916–1918)
• Ciro Luis Urriola, Acting President (1918)
• Pedro Antonio Díaz, Acting President (1918)
• Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1918–1920)
• Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre, Acting President (1920)
• Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1920–1924)
• Rodolfo Chiari, President (1924–1928)
• Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, President (1928–1931)
• Harmodio Arias Madrid, Acting President (1931)
• Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované, President (1931–1932)
• Harmodio Arias Madrid, President (1932–1936)
• Juan Demóstenes Arosemena, President (1936–1939)
• Ezequiel Fernández, Acting President (1939)
• Augusto Samuel Boyd, Acting President (1939–1940)
• Arnulfo Arias, President (1940–1941)
• Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango, President (1941–1945)
• Enrique Adolfo Jiménez, Provisional President (1945–1948)
• Domingo Díaz Arosemena, President (1948–1949)
• Daniel Chanis Pinzón, President (1949)
• Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President (1949)
• Arnulfo Arias, President (1949–1951)

Canada

• Canada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George V, King (1931–1936)
• Edward VIII, King (1936)
• George VI, King (1936–1952)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Wilfrid Laurier, Prime minister (1896–1911)
• Robert Borden, Prime minister (1911–1920)
• Arthur Meighen, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1921–1926)
• Arthur Meighen, Prime minister (1926)
• William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1926–1930)
• R. B. Bennett, Prime minister (1930–1935)
• William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1935–1948)
• Louis St. Laurent, Prime minister (1948–1957)

• Newfoundland Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1610–1907

• Dominion of Newfoundland (complete list) –

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Edward VII, King (1907–1910)
• George V, King (1910–1936)
• George VI, King (1936–1949)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Robert Bond, Prime minister (1907–1909)
• Edward Morris, Prime minister (1909–1917)
• John Chalker Crosbie, Prime minister (1917–1918)
• William F. Lloyd, Prime minister (1918–1919)
• Michael Patrick Cashin, Prime minister (1919)
• Richard Squires, Prime minister (1919–1923)
• William Warren, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Albert Hickman, Prime minister (1924)
• Walter Stanley Monroe, Prime minister (1924–1928)
• Richard Squires, Prime minister (1928–1932)
• Frederick C. Alderdice, Prime minister (1928, 1932–1934)

Mexico

• Mexico (complete list) –

• Porfirio Díaz, President (1884–1911)
• Francisco León de la Barra, President (1911)
• Francisco I. Madero, President (1911–1913)
• Pedro Lascuráin, President (1913)
• Victoriano Huerta, President (1913–1914)
• Francisco S. Carvajal, President (1914)
• Eulalio Gutiérrez, President (1914–1915)
• Roque González Garza, President (1915)
• Francisco Lagos Cházaro, Provisional President (1915)
• Venustiano Carranza, First Chief of the Constitutional Army (1914–1917), President (1917–1920)
• Adolfo de la Huerta, President (1920)
• Álvaro Obregón, President (1920–1924)
• Plutarco Elías Calles, President (1924–1928)
• Emilio Portes Gil, Interim President (1928–1930)
• Pascual Ortiz Rubio, President (1930–1932)
• Abelardo L. Rodríguez, President (1932–1934)
• Lázaro Cárdenas, President (1934–1940)
• Manuel Ávila Camacho, President (1940–1946)
• Miguel Alemán Valdés, President (1946–1952)

United States

• United States (complete list) –^[12]

• William McKinley, President (1897–1901)
• Theodore Roosevelt, President (1901–1909)
• William Howard Taft, President (1909–1913)
• Woodrow Wilson, President (1913–1921)
• Warren G. Harding, President (1921–1923)
• Calvin Coolidge, President (1923–1929)
• Herbert Hoover, President (1929–1933)
• Franklin D. Roosevelt, President (1933–1945)
• Harry S. Truman, President (1945–1953)

• Cherokee Nation (complete list) –

• Thomas Buffington, Principal Chief (1899–1903)
• William Charles Rogers, Principal Chief (1903–1905, 1906–1907)
• Frank J. Boudinot, Principal Chief (1905–1906)

Argentina

• Argentine Republic (complete list) –

• Julio Argentino Roca, President (1898–1904)
• Manuel Quintana, President (1904–1906)
• José Figueroa Alcorta, President (1906–1910)
• Roque Sáenz Peña, President (1910–1914)
• Victorino de la Plaza, President (1914–1916)
• Hipólito Yrigoyen, President (1916–1922)
• Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, President (1922–1928)
• Hipólito Yrigoyen, President (1928–1930)
• José Félix Uriburu, President (1930–1932)
• Agustín Pedro Justo, President (1932–1938)
• Roberto María Ortiz, President (1938–1942)
• Ramón Castillo, President (1942–1943)
• Arturo Rawson, de facto President (1943)
• Pedro Pablo Ramírez, de facto President (1943–1944)
• Edelmiro Julián Farrell, de facto President (1944–1946)
• Juan Perón, President (1946–1955)

Bolivia

• Bolivia (complete list) –

• José Manuel Pando, President (1899–1904)
• Ismael Montes, President (1904–1909)
• Eliodoro Villazón, President (1909–1913)
• Ismael Montes, President (1913–1917)
• José Gutiérrez Guerra, President (1917–1920)
• Government Junta, Members: Bautista Saavedra, José María Escalier, José Manuel Ramírez (1920–1921)
• Bautista Saavedra, President (1921–1925)
• Felipe S. Guzmán, Provisional President (1925–1926)
• Hernando Siles Reyes, President (1926–1930)
• Council of Ministers, Members: Alberto Díez de Medina, Germán Antelo Arauz, Franklin Mercado, David Toro, José Aguirre Achá, Fidel Vega, Carlos Banzer, Ezequiel Romecín Calderón (1930)
• Carlos Blanco Galindo, Chairman of the Military Government Junta (1930–1931)
• Daniel Salamanca Urey, President (1931–1934)
• José Luis Tejada Sorzano, President (1934–1936)
• Germán Busch, Chairman of the Government Junta (1936)
• David Toro, Chairman of the Government Junta (1936–1937)
• Germán Busch, Chairman of the Government Junta (1937–1938), President (1938–1939)
• Carlos Quintanilla, Provisional President (1939–1940)
• Enrique Peñaranda, President (1940–1943)
• Gualberto Villarroel, Chairman of the Government Junta (1943–1944), President (1944–1946)
• Néstor Guillén, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1946)
• Tomás Monje, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1946–1947)
• Enrique Hertzog, President (1947–1949)
• Mamerto Urriolagoitía, President (1949–1951)

Brazil

• First Brazilian Republic (complete list) –

• Campos Sales, President (1898–1902)
• Rodrigues Alves, President (1902–1906)
• Afonso Pena, President (1906–1909)
• Nilo Peçanha, President (1909–1910)
• Hermes da Fonseca, President (1910–1914)
• Venceslau Brás, President (1914–1918)
• Delfim Moreira, President (1918–1919)
• Epitácio Pessoa, President (1919–1922)
• Artur Bernardes, President (1922–1926)
• Washington Luís, President (1926–1930)

• Republic of Acre (pt:complete list) –

• José Plácido de Castro, President (1902–1904)

• Vargas Era Brazil (complete list) –

• Military Junta: Augusto Fragoso, Isaías de Noronha, Mena Barreto, President (1930)
• Getúlio Vargas, President (1930–1945)
• José Linhares, President (1945–1946)

• Fourth Brazilian Republic (complete list) –

• Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President (1946–1951)

Chile

• Parliamentary Era Chile (complete list) –

• Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President (1896–1901)
• Germán Riesco, President (1901–1906)
• Pedro Montt, President (1906–1910)
• Ramón Barros Luco, President (1910–1915)
• Juan Luis Sanfuentes, President (1915–1920)
• Arturo Alessandri, President (1920–1924)
• Luis Altamirano, President of Government Junta (1924–1925)
• Pedro Dartnell, Provisional President (1925)
• Emilio Bello Codesido, President of Government Junta (1925)

• Presidential Republic (1925–1973) of Chile (complete list) –

• Arturo Alessandri, President (1925)
• Emiliano Figueroa, President (1925–1927)
• Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President (1927–1931)
• Juan Esteban Montero, President (1931–1932)
• Arturo Puga, President of Government Junta (1932)
• Carlos Dávila, Provisional President (1932)
• Bartolomé Blanche, Provisional President (1932)
• Abraham Oyanedel, Acting President (1932)
• Arturo Alessandri, President (1932–1938)
• Pedro Aguirre Cerda, President (1938–1941)
• Juan Antonio Ríos, President (1942–1946)
• Gabriel González Videla, President (1946–1952)

Colombia

• Republic of Colombia (complete list) –

• José Manuel Marroquín, President (1900–1904)
• Rafael Reyes Prieto, President (1904–1909)
• Ramón González Valencia, President (1909–1910)
• Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo, President (1910–1914)
• José Vicente Concha Ferreira, President (1914–1918)
• Marco Fidel Suárez, President (1918–1921)
• Jorge Holguín, President (1921–1922)
• Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez, President (1922–1926)
• Miguel Abadía Méndez, President (1926–1930)
• Enrique Olaya Herrera, President (1930–1934)
• Alfonso López Pumarejo, President (1934–1938)
• Eduardo Santos Montejo, President (1938–1942)
• Alfonso López Pumarejo, President (1942–1946)
• Mariano Ospina Pérez, President (1946–1950)
• Laureano Gómez Castro, President (1950–1953)

Ecuador

• Ecuador (complete list) –

• Eloy Alfaro, Jéfe Supremo (1895–1896), Interim President (1896–1897), President (1897–1901)
• Leónidas Plaza, President (1901–1905)
• Lizardo García, President (1905–1906)
• Eloy Alfaro, Jéfe Supremo (1906), Interim President (1906–1907), President (1907–1911)
• Carlos Freile Zaldumbide, Acting President (1911)
• Emilio Estrada, President (1911)
• Carlos Freile Zaldumbide, Acting President (1911–1912)
• Francisco Andrade Marín, Acting President (1912)
• Alfredo Baquerizo, Acting President (1912)
• Leónidas Plaza, President (1912–1916)
• Alfredo Baquerizo, President (1916–1920)
• José Luis Tamayo, President (1920–1924)
• Gonzalo Córdova, President (1924–1925)
• Provisional Government (1925–1926)
• Isidro Ayora, Interim President (1926–1929), President (1929–1931)
• Luis Larrea Alba, Minister of Government (1931)
• Alfredo Baquerizo, President of the Senate (1931–1932)
• Carlos Freile Larrea, Minister of Government (1932)
• Alberto Guerrero Martínez, President of the Senate (1932)
• Juan de Dios Martínez, President (1932–1933)
• Abelardo Montalvo, Acting President (1933–1934)
• José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1934–1935)
• Antonio Pons, Acting President (1935)
• Federico Páez, Jéfe Supremo (1935–1937)
• Alberto Enríquez Gallo, Jéfe Supremo (1937–1938)
• Manuel María Borrero, Interim President (1938)
• Aurelio Mosquera, President (1938–1939)
• Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, Acting President (1939)
• Andrés Córdova, Acting President (1939–1940)
• Julio Enrique Moreno, Acting President (1940)
• Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, President (1940–1944)
• Julio Teodoro Salem, Acting President (1944)
• José María Velasco Ibarra, President of the Republic (1944), Constitutional President (1944–1946), President of the Republic (1946), Constitutional President (1946–1947)
• Carlos Mancheno Cajas, Jéfe Supremo (1947)
• Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, President (1947)
• C.J. Arosemena Tola, President (1947–1948)
• Galo Plaza, President (1948–1952)

Guyana

• British Guiana (complete list) –

British colony, 1814–1966

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Paraguay

• Republic of Paraguay (complete list) –

• Emilio Aceval, President (1898–1902)
• Andrés Héctor Carvallo, President (1902)
• Juan Antonio Escurra, President (1902–1904)
• Juan Bautista Gaona, President (1904–1905)
• Cecilio Báez, President (1905–1906)
• Benigno Ferreira, President (1906–1908)
• Emiliano González Navero, President (1908–1910)
• Manuel Gondra, President (1910–1911)
• Albino Jara, President (1911)
• Liberato Marcial Rojas, President (1911–1912)
• Pedro Peña, President (1912)
• Emiliano González Navero, President (1912)
• Eduardo Schaerer, President (1912–1916)
• Manuel Franco, President (1916–1919)
• José Pedro Montero, President (1919–1920)
• Manuel Gondra, President (1920–1921)
• Eusebio Ayala, President (1921–1923)
• Eligio Ayala, President (1923–1924)
• Luis Alberto Riart, President (1924)
• Eligio Ayala, President (1924–1928)
• José Guggiari, President (1928–1932)
• Eusebio Ayala, President (1932–1936)
• Rafael Franco, President (1936–1937)
• Félix Paiva, President (1937–1939)
• José Estigarribia, President (1939–1940)
• Higinio Moríñigo, President (1940–1948)
• Juan Manuel Frutos, President (1948)
• Juan González, President (1948–1949)
• Raimundo Rolón, President (1949)
• Felipe Molas, President (1949)
• Federico Chávez, President (1949–1954)

Peru

• Republic of Peru (complete list) –

• Eduardo López de Romaña, Constitutional President (1899–1903)
• Manuel Candamo, Constitutional President (1903–1904)
• Serapio Calderón, President of the Government Junta (1904)
• José Pardo y Barreda, Constitutional President (1904–1908)
• Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, Constitutional President (1908–1912)
• Guillermo Billinghurst, Constitutional President (1912–1914)
• Óscar R. Benavides, Interim President (1914–1915)
• José Pardo y Barreda, Constitutional President (1915–1919)
• Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, Constitutional President (1919–1930)
• Manuel María Ponce Brousset, Interim President (1930)
• Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1930–1931)
• Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1931)
• Gustavo Jiménez, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1931)
• David Samanez Ocampo, President of the Southern Junta (1931)
• Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, Constitutional President (1931–1933)
• Óscar Benavides, Constitutional President (1933–1939)
• Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, Constitutional President (1939–1945)
• José Bustamante y Rivero, Constitutional President (1945–1948)
• Manuel A. Odría, President (1948–1950)
• Zenón Noriega Agüero, President (1950)
• Manuel A. Odría, Constitutional President (1950–1956)

Suriname

• Dutch Surinam (complete list) –

Dutch colony 1667–1954

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Uruguay

• Uruguay (complete list) –

• Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President (1899–1903)
• José Batlle y Ordóñez, President (1903–1907)
• Claudio Williman, President (1907–1911)
• José Batlle y Ordóñez, President (1911–1915)
• Feliciano Viera, President (1915–1919)
• Baltasar Brum, President (1919–1923)
• José Serrato, President (1923–1927)
• Juan Campisteguy, President (1927–1931)
• Gabriel Terra, President (1931–1939)
• Alfredo Baldomir, President (1939–1943)
• Juan José de Amézaga, President (1943–1947)
• Tomás Berreta, President (1947)
• Luis Batlle Berres, President (1947–1951)

Venezuela

• United States of Venezuela (complete list) –

• Cipriano Castro, President (1899–1908)
• Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1908–1913)
• José Gil Fortoul, Interim President (1913–1914)
• Victorino Márquez Bustillos, President (1914–1922)
• Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1922–1929)
• Juan Bautista Pérez, President (1929–1931)
• Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1931–1935)
• Eleazar López Contreras, President (1935–1941)
• Isaías Medina Angarita, President (1941–1945)
• Rómulo Betancourt, President (1945–1948)
• Rómulo Gallegos, President (1948)
• Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President (1948–1950)
• Germán Suárez Flamerich, Interim President (1950–1952)

Kazakhstan

• Alash Autonomy (complete list) –

• Alikhan Bukeikhanov, Prime minister (1917–1920)

Tibet

• Tibet under Qing rule (Qing emperors / Dalai Lamas) –

Manchu overlordship, 1720-1912

For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

• Tibet (1912–1951) (complete list) –

• Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (1879–1933)
• Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama (1950–1959)

Uzbekistan

• Khanate of Khiva (complete list) –

• Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II., Khan (Feruz Khan), Khan (1864–1910)
• Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur, Khan (1910–1918)
• Sayid Abdullah, Khan (1918–1920)

• Khorezm People's Soviet Republic

• Hoji Pahlavon Niyoz Yusuf, Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee (1920)
• Jumaniyoz Sulton Muradoghli, Chairman of the Provisional Government (1920)
• Hoji Pahlavon Niyoz Yusuf, Chairmen of the Presidium (1920–1921)
• Qoch Qoroghli, Chairmen of Provisional Revolutionary Committee (1921)
• Khudoybergan Divanoghli, Chairmen of the Presidium (1921)
• Mulla Nozir, Chairmen of the Presidium (1921)
• Allabergan, Chairmen of the Presidium (1921)
• Ata Maqsum Madrahimoghli, Chairmen of the Presidium (1921)
• Jangibay Murodoghli, Chairmen of the Presidium (1921–1922)
• Abdulla Abdurahmon Khojaoghli, Chairmen of the Presidium (1922–1923)
• K. Safaroghli, Chairmen of the Presidium (1923–1924)
• Sultonkari Jumaniyoz, Chairmen of the Presidium (1924)
• Temurkhoja Yaminoghli, Chairmen of the Presidium (1924–1925)

• Emirate of Bukhara –

Russian protectorate, 1873–1917

• Abdul-Ahad bin Muzaffar al-Din, Amir (1885–1910)
• Muhammad Alim Khan bin Abdul-Ahad, Amir (1910–1920)

• Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (complete list) –

• Mirzo Abduqodir Mansurovich Mukhitdinov, Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee (1920–1921)
• Polat Usmon Khodzhayev, Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee (1921), of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee (1921–1922)
• Muin Jon Aminov, Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee (1922)
• Porsa Khodzhayev, Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee (1922–1925)

• Russian Turkestan (complete list) –

Russian Krai, 1867–1918

For details see the Russian Empire under Eastern Europe

China: Qing dynasty

• Qing dynasty (complete list) –

• Guangxu, Emperor (1875–1908)
• Puyi, Emperor (1908–1912)

China: Since 1912

• Republic of China (1912–1915)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sun Yat-sen, Provisional President (1912)
• Yuan Shikai, President (1912–1915)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Tang Shaoyi, Premier (1912)
• Lu Zhengxiang, Premier (1912)
• Zhao Bingjun, Premier (1912–1913)
• Duan Qirui, Acting Premier (1913)
• Xiong Xiling, Premier (1913–1914)
• Sun Baoqi, Acting Premier (1914)
• Xu Shichang, Premier: Secretary of State (1914–1915)

• Empire of China (1915–1916)

• Emperor (complete list) –

• Yuan Shikai, Emperor (1915–1916)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Lu Zhengxiang, Premier (1915–1916)

• Republic of China (1916–1949)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Yuan Shikai, President (1916)
• Li Yuanhong, President (1916–1917)
• Feng Guozhang, President (1917–1918)
• Xu Shichang, President (1918–1922)
• Zhou Ziqi, Acting President (1922–1922)
• Li Yuanhong, President (1922–1923)
• Gao Lingwei, Acting President (1923)
• Cao Kun, President (1923–1924)
• Huang Fu, Acting President (1924)
• Duan Qirui, President (1924–1926)
• Hu Weide, Acting President (1926)
• Yan Huiqing, Acting President (1926)
• Du Xigui, Acting President (1926)
• Wellington Koo, Acting President (1926–1927)
• Zhang Zuolin, Generalissimo of the Military Government (1927–1928)
• Tan Yankai, President (1928)
• Chiang Kai-shek, Chairmen (1928–1931)
• Lin Sen, Chairmen (1931–1943)
• Chiang Kai-shek, Chairmen (1943–1948), President (1948–1949)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Xu Shichang, Premier: Secretary of State (1916)
• Duan Qirui, Premier (1916–1917)
• Wang Daxie, Acting Premier (1917)
• Wang Shizhen, Acting Premier (1917–1918)
• Qian Nengxun, Acting Premier (1918–1919)
• Gong Xinzhan, Acting Premier (1919)
• Jin Yunpeng, Premier (1919–1920)
• Sa Zhenbing, Premier (1920)
• Jin Yunpeng, Premier (1920–1921)
• Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1921)
• Liang Shiyi, Premier (1921–1922)
• Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1922)
• Zhou Ziqi, Acting Premier (1922)
• Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1922)
• Wang Chonghui, Acting Premier (1922)
• Wang Daxie, Acting Premier (1922)
• Wang Zhengting, Acting Premier (1922–1923)
• Zhang Shaozeng, Premier (1923)
• Gao Lingwei, Premier (1923–1924)
• Sun Baoqi, Premier (1924)
• Wellington Koo, Acting Premier (1924)
• Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1924)
• Huang Fu, Acting Premier (1924)
• Xu Shiying, Premier (1925–1926)
• Jia Deyao, Acting Premier (1926)
• Hu Weide, Acting Premier (1926)
• Yan Huiqing, Acting Premier (1926)
• Du Xigui, Acting Premier (1926)
• Wellington Koo, Acting Premier (1926–1927)
• Pan Fu, Premier (1927–1928)
• Tan Yankai, Premier (1928–1930)
• T. V. Soong, Premier (1930)
• Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1930–1931)
• Chen Mingshu, Premier (1931–1932)
• Sun Fo, Premier (1932–1932)
• Wang Jingwei, Premier (1932–1935)
• Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1935–1938)
• H. H. Kung, Premier (1938–1939)
• Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1939–1945)
• T. V. Soong, Premier (1945–1947)
• Chiang Kai-shek, Premier (1947)
• Chang Ch'ün, Premier (1947–1948)
• Weng Wenhao, Premier (1948)
• Sun Fo, Premier (1948–1949)
• He Yingqin, Premier (1949)

• Republic of China: Taiwan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Li Zongren, Acting President (1949–1950)
• Yan Xishan, Acting President (1949–1950)
• Chiang Kai-shek, President (1950–1975)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Yan Xishan, Premier (1949–1950)
• Chen Cheng, Premier (1950–1954)

• People's Republic of China

• Chairmen and General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) and paramount leaders (complete list) –

• Mao Zedong, Chairman (1945–1976), paramount leader (1949–1976)

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Mao Zedong, Chairman (1949–1959)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Zhou Enlai, Premier (1949–1976)

• East Hebei Autonomous Council –

Puppet state of Japan

• Yin Ju-keng, Chairman (1935–1937)
• Chi Zongmo, Chairman (1937–1938)

• State/ Empire of Manchuria

• Head of State (complete list) –

• Puyi, Chief Executive (1932–1934), Emperor (1934–1945)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Zheng Xiaoxu, Prime minister (1932–1935)
• Zhang Jinghui, Prime minister (1935–1945)

Japan

• Empire of Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Meiji, Emperor (1867–1912)
• Taishō, Emperor (1912–1926)
• Hirohito, Emperor (1926–1989)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Itō Hirobumi, Prime minister (1900–1901)
• Saionji Kinmochi, Acting Prime minister (1901–1901)
• Katsura Tarō, Prime minister (1901–1906)
• Saionji Kinmochi, Prime minister (1906–1908)
• Katsura Tarō, Prime minister (1908–1911)
• Saionji Kinmochi, Prime minister (1911–1912)
• Katsura Tarō, Prime minister (1912–1913)
• Yamamoto Gonnohyōe, Prime minister (1913–1914)
• Ōkuma Shigenobu, Prime minister (1914–1916)
• Terauchi Masatake, Prime minister (1916–1918)
• Hara Takashi, Prime minister (1918–1921)
• Uchida Kosai, Acting Prime minister (1921–1921)
• Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime minister (1921–1922)
• Katō Tomosaburō, Prime minister (1922–1923)
• Uchida Kosai, Acting Prime minister (1923–1923)
• Yamamoto Gonnohyōe, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Kiyoura Keigo, Prime minister (1924–1924)
• Katō Takaaki, Prime minister (1924–1926)
• Wakatsuki Reijirō, Prime minister (1926–1927)
• Tanaka Giichi, Prime minister (1927–1929)
• Osachi Hamaguchi, Prime minister (1929–1931)
• Kijūrō Shidehara, Acting Prime minister (1931–1931)
• Osachi Hamaguchi, Prime minister (1931–1931)
• Wakatsuki Reijirō, Prime minister (1931–1931)
• Inukai Tsuyoshi, Prime minister (1931–1932)
• Takahashi Korekiyo, Acting Prime minister (1932–1932)
• Saitō Makoto, Prime minister (1932–1934)
• Keisuke Okada, Prime minister (1934–1936)
• Fumio Gotō, Acting Prime minister (1936–1936)
• Keisuke Okada, Prime minister (1936–1936)
• Kōki Hirota, Prime minister (1936–1937)
• Senjūrō Hayashi, Prime minister (1937–1937)
• Fumimaro Konoe, Prime minister (1937–1939)
• Hiranuma Kiichirō, Prime minister (1939–1939)
• Nobuyuki Abe, Prime minister (1939–1940)
• Mitsumasa Yonai, Prime minister (1940–1940)
• Fumimaro Konoe, Prime minister (1940–1941)
• Hideki Tojo, Prime minister (1941–1944)
• Kuniaki Koiso, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Kantarō Suzuki, Prime minister (1945–1945)
• Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, Prime minister (1945–1945)
• Kijūrō Shidehara, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Shigeru Yoshida, Prime minister (1946–1947)

• State of Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Hirohito, Emperor (1926–1989)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tetsu Katayama, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Hitoshi Ashida, Prime minister (1948)
• Shigeru Yoshida, Prime minister (1948–1949)

Korea

• Korean Empire (complete list) –

• Gojong, King (1863–1897), Emperor (1897–1907)
• Sunjong, Emperor (1907–1910)

• Japanese Korea, (complete list) –

Colony, 1910–1945

For details see the Japan under Eastern Asia

• North Korea: Democratic People's Republic of Korea

• Chairman of the Workers' Party (complete list) –

• Kim Tu-bong, Chairman (1946–1949)

• Prime Ministers (complete list) –

• Kim Il Sung, Prime minister (1949–1972)

• South Korea: Republic of Korea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Syngman Rhee, President (1948–1960)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lee Beom-seok, Prime minister (1948–1950)
• Shin Sung-mo, Acting Prime minister (1950)
• Chang Myon, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Mongolia

• Bogd Khanate of Mongolia

• Khagans (complete list) –

• Bogd Khan, Khagan (1911–1924)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren, Prime minister (1919)
• Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj, Prime minister (1919–1921)
• Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar, Prime minister (1921)
• Manzushir Khutagt Sambadondogiin Tserendorj, Prime minister (1921)
• Dogsomyn Bodoo, Prime minister (1921–1922)
• Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar, Prime minister (1922–1923)
• Balingiin Tserendorj, Prime minister (1923–1924)

• Mongolian People's Republic

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Balingiin Tserendorj, Acting Head of state (1924)
• Navaandorjiin Jadambaa, Chairman (1924)
• Peljidiin Genden, Chairman (1924–1927)
• Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren, Chairman (1927–1929)
• Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman (1929–1930)
• Losolyn Laagan, Chairman (1930–1932)
• Anandyn Amar, Chairman (1932–1936)
• Dansranbilegiin Dogsom, Chairman (1936–1939)
• Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman (1940–1953)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Balingiin Tserendorj, Prime minister (1924–1928)
• Anandyn Amar, Prime minister (1928–1930)
• Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav, Prime minister (1930–1932)
• Peljidiin Genden, Prime minister (1932–1936)
• Anandyn Amar, Prime minister (1936–1939)
• Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Prime minister (1939–1952)

Russia

• Far Eastern Soviet Republic

• Heads of State (complete list) –

• Alexander Krasnoshchyokov, Chairman of the Government (1920–1921)
• Nikolay Matveyev, Chairman of the Government (1921–1922)

• Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (complete list) –

• Alexander Krasnoshchyokov, Prime minister (1920)
• Boris Shumyatsky, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• Pyotr Nikiforov, Prime minister (1921)
• Nikolay Matveyev, Prime minister (1921–1922)
• Pyotr Kobozev, Prime minister (1922)

Brunei

• Protectorate of Brunei (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1888–1984

• Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, Sultan (1885–1906)
• Muhammad Jamalul Alam II, Sultan (1906–1924)
• Ahmad Tajuddin, Sultan (1924–1950)
• Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan (1950–1967)

Cambodia

• French Protectorate of Cambodia

Protectorate, 1863–1984, part of French Indochina 1887–1953

Japanese occupation of Cambodia 1941–1945

• Kings (complete list) –

• Norodom, King (1860–1904)
• Sisowath, King (1904–1927)
• Sisowath Monivong, King (1927–1941)
• Norodom Sihanouk, King (1941–1955)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Norodom Sihanouk, Prime minister (1945, 1950, 1952)
• Son Ngoc Thanh, Prime minister (1945)
• Sisowath Monireth, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Sisowath Youtevong, Prime minister (1946–1947)
• Sisowath Watchayavong, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Chhean Vam, Prime minister (1948)
• Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1948–1949, 1953)
• Yem Sambaur, Prime minister (1949, 1949–1950)
• Ieu Koeus, Prime minister (1949)
• Sisowath Monipong, Prime minister (1950–1951)
• Oum Chheang Sun, Prime minister (1951)
• Huy Kanthoul, Prime minister (1951–1952)

Indonesia

• Dutch East Indies (complete list) –

Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Indonesia: Java

• Sumenep –

• Pangeran Pakunataningrat, Regent (1883–1901)^[13]
• Pangeran Arya Prataming Kusuma, Regent (1901–1926)
• Tumenggung Arya Prabuwinata, Regent (1926–1929)

• Surakarta Sunanate (complete list) –

• Pakubuwono X, Sultan (1893–1939)^{[citation needed]}
• Pakubuwono XI, Sultan (1939–1945)

• Yogyakarta Sultanate (complete list) –

• Hamengkubuwono VII, Sultan (1877–1921)^{[citation needed]}
• Hamengkubuwono VIII, Sultan (1921–1939)
• Hamengkubuwono IX, Sultan (1939–1946)

• Mangkunegaran (complete list) –

• Mangkunegara VI, Sultan (1896–1916)^[14]
• Mangkunegara VII, Sultan (1916–1944)
• Mangkunegara VIII, Sultan (1944–1946)

• Pakualaman (complete list) –

• Pakualam VI, Sultan (1901–1902)^[15]
• Pakualam VII, Sultan (1906–1937)
• Pakualam VIII, Sultan (1937–1946)

• Islamic State of Indonesia –

• Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo, Imam (1949–1962)

Indonesia: Sumatra

• Aceh Sultanate (complete list) –

• Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II, Sultan (1874–1903)

• Sultanate of Deli (complete list) –

• Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah, Sultan (1873–1924)
• Amaluddin Sultan Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah, Sultan (1924–1945)
• Tuanku Sultan Otteman II, Sultan (1945–1946)

• Sultanate of Langkat –

• Abdul Aziz Abdul Jalil Rakhmat Shah, Sultan (1893–1927)
• Mahmud Abdul Jalil Rakhmat Shah, Sultan (1927–1946)

• Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (complete list) –

• Al-Sayyid al-Sharif Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1889–1908)
• Syarif Kasim II, Sultan (1915–1946)

• Sultanate of Serdang (complete list) –

• Al-Marhum Perbaungan, Sultan (1879–1946)^{[citation needed]}

• Riau-Lingga Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Rahman II Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1883–1911)

• Jambi Sultanate –

  Thaha Safiuddin, Sultan (1855–1858, 1900–1904)

Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo)

• Sultanate of Bulungan –

• Pengian Kesuma, Queen (1899–1901)
• Kasimuddin, Sultan (20th century)
• Datu Mansyur, Acting Sultan (1925–1930)
• Maulana Ahmad Sulaimanuddin, Sultan (1930–1931)
• Maulana Muhammad Jalaluddin, Sultan (1931–1950)

• Pontianak Sultanate (complete list) –

• Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie, Sultan (1895–1944)
• Syarif Hamid II, Sultan (1945–1950)

• Sultanate of Sambas (complete list) –

• Muhammad Shafi ud-din II, Sultan (1866–1924)
• Muhammad 'Ali Shafi ud-din II, Sultan (1924–1926)
• Muhammad Tayeb, Chief of the Assembly Council (1926–1931)
• Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din, Sultan (1931–1943)

• Sultanate of Sintang –

• Panembahan Kusuma Negara II, Panembahan (1889–1905)
• Sri Paduka Tuanku Haji Gusti Adi 'Abdu'l-Majid ibni al-Marhum Panembahan Ismail, Panembahan Kusuma Negara III, Panembahan (1905–1913)
• Ade Muhammad Jun 'Abdu'l-Kadir Pangeran Adipati Temenggong Setia Agama Wakil, Panembahan (1913–1934)
• Panembahan Kusuma Negara IV, Panembahan (1934–1944)
• Panembahan Kusuma Negara V, Panembahan (1944–1947)

Indonesia: Sulawesi

• Sultanate of Gowa –

• Husain, Sultan (1895–1906)
• Muhammad Tahur Muhibuddin, Sultan (1936–1945)

• Luwu –

• Iskandar Opu Daeng Pali', Datu (1883–1901)
• Andi Kambo, Datu (1901–1935)
• Andi DJemma, Datu (1935–1965)

Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands

• Kingdom of Larantuka –

• Lorenzo II, Raja (c.1886–1904)

• Bima Sultanate (complete list) –

• Ibrahim, Sultan (1881–1915)
• Muhammad Salahuddin, Sultan (1915–1949)

Indonesia: West Timor

• Amanatun (complete list) –

• Muti Banu Naek, Raja (c.1899–1915)
• Kusa Banu Naek, Raja (1916–1919)
• Kolo Banu Naek, Raja (1920–1946)
• Lodeweyk Lourens Don Louis Banu Naek, Raja (1946–1962)

• Amarasi (complete list) –

• Rasi Koroh, Raja (1872–1887, 1892–1914)^{[citation needed]}
• Isaac Koroh, Raja (1914–1923)
• Alexander Koroh, Raja (1923–1925)
• Hendrik Arnold Koroh, Raja (1925–1949)

• Amabi (complete list) –

• Kusa, Raja (1895–1901)
• Arnoldus, Raja (1901)
• Junus Amtaran, Raja (1901–1903)
• Kase Kome, Raja (1903–1912)
• Jacob Ch. Amabi, Raja (1912–1917)

• Sonbai Besar (complete list) –

• Nai Sobe Sonbai III, Emperor (1885–1906)^[16]

• Sonbai Kecil (complete list) –

• Said Meis Nisnoni, Raja (1890–1902)^[16]
• Baki Bastian Meis Nisnoni, Raja (1905–1911)
• Nicolaas Nisnoni, Raja (1911–1917)

• Amanuban (complete list) –

• Bil Nope, Raja (c.1870–1910)
• Noni Nope, Raja (1910–1920)
• Pae Nope, Raja (1920–1946)
• Paulus Nope, Raja (1946–1949)
• Kusa Nope, Raja (1946–1958)

Indonesia: Maluku Islands

• Sultanate of Bacan (complete list) –

• Muhammad Usman, Sultan (1900–1935)^[17]
• Muhammad Muhsin, Sultan (1935–1950)

• Sultanate of Tidore (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1657–1905

• Iskandar Sahajuhan, Sultan (1893–1905)^[18]
• Zainal Abidin Alting, Sultan (1947–1950)

• Sultanate of Ternate (complete list) –

Dutch protectorate 1683–1915

• Muhammad Ilham/ Kolano Ara Rimoi, Sultan (1900–1902)^{[citation needed]}
• Haji Muhammad Usman Shah, Sultan (1902–1915)
• Iskandar Muhammad Jabir Shah, Sultan (1929–1950)

• Republic of South Maluku (complete list) –

• Johanis Manuhutu, President (1950)
• Chris Soumokil, President (1950–1966)

Indonesia: All

• Republic of Indonesia (1945–1949) / United States of Indonesia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sukarno, President (1945–1967)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sutan Sjahrir, Prime minister (1945–1947)
• Amir Sjarifuddin, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Mohammad Hatta, Prime minister (1948–1950)

• Liberal democracy period in Indonesia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sukarno, President (1945–1967)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Halim, Prime minister (1950)
• Mohammad Natsir, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Laos

• Kingdom of Champasak (complete list) –

• Ratsadanay, King (1900–1904), Regional Governor (1904–1934)

• French Protectorate of Luang Phrabang (complete list) –

Protectorate and constituent of French Indochina (1893–1953)

• Zakarine, King (1895–1904)
• Sisavang Vong, King of Luang Phrabang (1904–1945), King of Laos (1946–1953)

• Kingdom of Laos

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Sisavang Vong, King of Luang Phrabang (1904–1945), King of Laos (1946–1953)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Phetsarath Ratanavongsa, Prime minister (1945)
• Phaya Khammao, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Kindavong, Prime minister (1946–1947)
• Souvannarath, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Boun Oum, Prime minister (1948–1950)
• Phoui Sananikone, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia

• Kedah Sultanate (complete list) –

• Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ll, Sultan, (1881–1943)
• Badlishah Shah, Sultan, (1943–1957)

• Kelantan Sultanate: Patani dynasty (complete list) –

• Muhammad IV Ibni Sultan Muhammad III, Sultan (1900–1920)
• Ismail Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV, Sultan (1920–1944)
• Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad IV, Sultan (1944–1957)

• Perak Sultanate: Siak dynasty (complete list) –

• Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, Sultan (1887–1916)
• Abdul Jalil Nasiruddin Muhtaram Shah, Sultan (1916–1918)
• Iskandar, Sultan (1918–1938)
• Abdul Aziz al-Mu’tasim Billah Shah, Sultan (1938–1948)
• Yussuff Izzuddin Shah, Sultan (1948–1957)

• Terengganu Sultanate (complete list) –

• Zainal Abidin III, Sultan (1881–1918)
• Muhammad Shah II, Sultan (1918–1920)
• Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1920–1942)
• Ali Shah, Sultan (1942–1945)
• Ismail Nasiruddin Shah, Sultan (1945–1957)

• Selangor Sultanate (complete list) –

• Sulaiman, Sultan (1896–1937)
• Hisamuddin, Sultan (1937–1942, 1945–1957)
• Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan (1942–1945)

• Negeri Sembilan (complete list) –

• Muhammad, Yamtuan (1888–1933)
• Abdul Rahman, Yamtuan (1933–1957)

• Perlis (complete list) –

• Syed Saffi Jamalullail, Raja (1887–1905)^[19]
• Syed Alwi Jamalullail, Raja (1905–1943)
• Syed Hamzah Jamalullail, Raja (1943–1945)
• Syed Harun Putra Jamalullail, Raja (1945–1957)

• Federated Malay States (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1895–1942, 1945–1946

• Unfederated Malay States (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946

• Straits Settlements (complete list) –

British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946

• Malayan Union (complete list) –

British colony, 1946–1948

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Malaysian Borneo

• Kingdom of Sarawak (complete list) –

• Charles Brooke, Rajah (1868–1917)
• Charles Vyner Brooke, Rajah (1917–1946)

• Crown Colony of Sarawak (complete list) –

British colony, 1946–1963

• Crown Colony of Labuan (complete list) –

British colony, 1848–1890, 1904–1906, 1907–1941, 1945–1946

• North Borneo/Crown Colony (complete list) –

British colony, 1888–1941, 1945–1946; Crown colony, 1946–1963

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Myanmar / Burma

• British Burma, part of the British Raj (complete list) –

British colony, 1824–1948

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• State of Burma

Puppet state of Japan

• Ba Maw, Naingandaw Adipadi and Prime Minister (1943–1945)

• Union of Burma

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sao Shwe Thaik, President (1948–1952)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• U Nu, Prime minister (1948–1956)

Philippines

• Sultanate of Sulu (complete list) –

• Jamalul Kiram II, Sultan (1894–1915)

• Sultanate of Maguindanao (complete list) –

• Mangigin, Sultan (1896–1926)

• Spanish East Indies, part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines (complete list) –

Colony, 1565–1901

For details see Spain in southwest Europe

• Tagalog Republic –

• Macario Sakay, President (1902–1906)

• First Philippine Republic

• Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–1899), President of the First Republic (1899–1901)

• Insular Government of the Philippine Islands (complete list) –

United States territory, 1901–1935

For details see the United States in North America

• Philippines

• Presidents (complete list) –

First Philippine Republic

• Emilio Aguinaldo, President (1899–1901)

Commonwealth of the Philippines

• Manuel L. Quezon, President (1935–1944)
• Sergio Osmeña, President (1944–1946)

Second Philippine Republic: Japanese puppet state

• José P. Laurel, President (1943–1945)

Third Philippine Republic

• Manuel Roxas, President (1946–1948)
• Elpidio Quirino, President (1948–1953)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

Commonwealth of the Philippines

• Jorge B. Vargas, Presiding Officer of Executive Commission, de facto head of government (1942–1943)

Singapore

• Colony of Singapore (complete list) –

British crown colony as part of the Straits Settlements, 1867–1963

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Thailand

• Siam/Thailand: Rattanakosin Kingdom (complete list) –

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Chulalongkorn, King (1868–1910)
• Vajiravudh, King (1910–1925)
• Prajadhipok, King (1925–1935)
• Ananda Mahidol, King (1935–1946)
• Bhumibol Adulyadej, King (1946–2016)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, Prime minister (1932–1933)
• Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena, Prime minister (1933–1938)
• Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime minister (1938–1944)
• Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Tawee Boonyaket, Prime minister (1945)
• Seni Pramoj, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime minister (1946)
• Pridi Banomyong, Prime minister (1946)
• Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, Prime minister (1946–1947)
• Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime minister (1948–1957)

• Pattani Kingdom: Second Kelantanese dynasty (complete list) –

• Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin Syah, Sultan (1899–1902)

Timor

• Portuguese Timor (complete list) –

Colony, 1702–1975

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Vietnam

• Nguyễn dynasty (complete list) –

• Thành Thái, Emperor (1889–1907)
• Duy Tân, Emperor (1907–1916)
• Khải Định, Emperor (1916–1925)
• Bảo Đại, Emperor (1925–1945)

• Annam (French protectorate) (complete list) –

French Protectorate, 1883–1945, 1945–1948

• French Indochina (complete list) –

Colony, 1887–1946

Vietnamese constituents are below; for details see France under western Europe

• Cochinchina

French Colony, 1862–1949

• Annam Protectorate

French Protectorate, 1883–1945, 1945–1948

• Tonkin Protectorate

French Protectorate, 1884–1949

For details see France under western Europe

• Empire of Vietnam

Puppet state of Japan, 1945

• Emperor (complete list) –

• Bảo Đại, Emperor (1945)

• Prime minister (complete list) –

• Trần Trọng Kim, Prime minister (1945)

• Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam, 1945–1976)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ho Chi Minh, President (1945–1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ho Chi Minh, Prime minister (1945–1955)

• State of Vietnam (South Vietnam, 1949–1955)

• General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) –

• Trường Chinh, General Secretary (1941–1956)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Bảo Đại, President (1949–1955)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bảo Đại, Prime minister (1949–1950)
• Nguyễn Phan Long, Prime minister (1950)
• Trần Văn Hữu, Prime minister (1950–1952)

Afghanistan

• Emirate of Afghanistan: Barakzai dynasty (complete list) –

• Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir (1880–1901)
• Habibullah Khan, Emir (1901–1919)
• Nasrullah Khan, Emir (1919)

• Kingdom of Afghanistan

• Kings (complete list) –

• Amanullah Khan, King (1919–1929)
• Inayatullah Khan, King (1929)
• Habibullah Kalakani, King (1929)
• Mohammed Nadir Shah, King (1929–1933)
• Mohammed Zahir Shah, King (1933–1973)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohammad Hashim Khan, Prime minister (1929–1946)
• Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime minister (1946–1953)

Bahrain

• Hakims of Bahrain (complete list) –

Protectorate of the United Kingdom, 1861–1971

• Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869–1923)
• Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Hakim (1923–1942)
• Salman ibn Hamad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1942–1961)

Cyprus

• British Cyprus (complete list) –

Colony, 1878–1960

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Iran

• Sublime State of Persia: Qajar dynasty

• Shahs (complete list) –

• Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, Shah (1896–1907)
• Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Shah (1907–1909)
• Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah (1909–1925)

• Persian Socialist Soviet Republic –

• Mirza Kuchik Khan, Chairman (1920–1921)

• Imperial State of Iran: Pahlavi dynasty

• Shahs (complete list) –

• Reza Pahlavi, Shah (1925–1941)
• Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah (1941–1979)

Iraq

• Mandatory Iraq: Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration

• Kings (complete list) –

• Faisal I, King (1921–1933)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani, Prime minister (1920–1922)
• Abdul-Muhsin Al-Saadoun, Prime minister (1922–1923, 1925–1926, 1928–1929, 1929)
• Jaafar Al-Askari, Prime minister (1923–1924, 1926–1928)
• Yasin al-Hashimi, Prime minister (1924–1925, 1935–1936)
• Tawfeeq Al-Suwaidi, Prime minister (1929, 1946, 1950)
• Naji Al-Suwaidi, Prime minister (1929–1930)
• Nuri al-Said, Prime minister (1930–1932, 1938–1940, 1941–1944, 1946–1947, 1949, 1950–1952, 1954–1957, 1958)

• Kingdom of Iraq

• Kings (complete list) –

• Faisal I, King (1921–1933)
• Ghazi I, King (1933–1939)
• 'Abd al-Ilah, Regent (1939–1953)
• Faisal II, King (1939–1958)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Naji Shawkat, Prime minister (1932–1933)
• Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, Prime minister (1933, 1940–1941, 1941)
• Jameel Al-Madfaai, Prime minister (1933–1934, 1935, 1937–1938, 1941, 1953)
• Ali Jawdat Al-Ayyubi, Prime minister (1934–1935, 1949–1950, 1957)
• Yasin al-Hashimi, Prime minister (1924–1925, 1935–1936)
• Hikmat Sulayman, Prime minister (1936–1937)
• Nuri al-Said, Prime minister (1930–1932, 1938–1940, 1941–1944, 1946–1947, 1949, 1950–1952, 1954–1957, 1958)
• Taha al-Hashimi, Prime minister (1941)
• Hamdi al-Pachachi, Prime minister (1944–1946)
• Tawfeeq Al-Suwaidi, Prime minister (1929, 1946, 1950)
• Arshad al-Umari, Prime minister (1946, 1954)
• Salih Jabr, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Mohammad Al-Sadr, Prime minister (1948)
• Muzahim al-Pachachi, Prime minister (1948–1949)

Israel

• Israel

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• David Ben-Gurion, Chairman (1948)
• Chaim Weizmann, Chairman (1948–1949), President (1949–1952)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• David Ben-Gurion, Prime minister (1948–1953)

Jordan

• Emirate of Transjordan

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Abdullah I, Emir (1921–1946), King (1946–1951)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rashid Tali’a, Prime minister (1921)
• Mazhar Raslan, Prime minister (1921–1922)
• Rida Pasha al-Rikabi, Prime minister (1922–1923)
• Mazhar Raslan, Acting Prime minister (1923)
• Hasan Khalid Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Rida Pasha al-Rikabi, Prime minister (1924–1926)
• Hasan Khalid Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1926–1931)
• Abd Allah Siraj, Prime minister (1931–1933)
• Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1933–1938)
• Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1938–1944)
• Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1945–1946)

• Kingdom of Jordan

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Abdullah I, Emir (1921–1946), King (1946–1951)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1946–1947)
• Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1947)
• Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1947–1950)
• Sa`id al-Mufti, Prime minister (1950)
• Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Kuwait

• Sheikhdom of Kuwait (complete list) –

• Mubarak I, Sheikh (1896–1915)
• Jaber II, Sheikh (1915–1917)
• Salim I, Sheikh (1917–1921)
• Ahmad I, Sheikh (1921–1950)
• Abdullah III, Sheikh (1950–1961), Emir (1961–1965)

Lebanon

• Lebanon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Émile Eddé, President (1943)
• Bechara El Khoury, President (1943–1952)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Riad Al Solh, Prime minister (1943–1945)
• Abdul Hamid Karami, Prime minister (1945–1945)
• Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Saadi Al Munla, Prime minister (1946)
• Riad Al Solh, Prime minister (1946–1951)

Oman

• Sultanate/ State of Muscat and Oman (complete list) –

• Faisal, Sultan (1888–1913)
• Taimur, Sultan (1913–1932)
• Said III, Sultan (1932–1970)

Qatar

• Qatar (complete list) –

• Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, Emir (1878–1913)
• Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, Emir (1913–1949)
• Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani, Emir (1949–1960)

Saudi Arabia

• Emirate of Jabal Shammar –

• Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab, Emir (1897–1906)
• Mutʿib bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Emir (1906)
• Sultān bin Ḥammūd, Emir (1906-1907)
• Saʿūd bin Ḥammūd, Emir (1907-1908)
• Saud bin Abdulaziz, Emir (1908–1920)
• ʿAbdullah bin Mutʿib, Emir (1920–1921)
• Muḥammad bin Ṭalāl, Emir (1921)

• Idrisid Emirate of Asir –

• Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir (1909–1923)
• Sayyid Ali, Emir (1923–1926)
• Sayyid al-Hasan, Emir (1926–1930)

• Kingdom of Hejaz –

• Hussein bin Ali, King (1916–1924)
• Ali bin Hussein, King (1924–1925)

• Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (complete list) –

• Ibn Saud, Emir (1902–1921), Sultan (1921–1927), King (1926–1953)

• Sultanate of Nejd (complete list) –

• Ibn Saud, Emir (1902–1921), Sultan (1921–1927), King (1926–1953)

• Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (complete list) –

• Ibn Saud, Emir (1902–1921), Sultan (1921–1927), King (1926–1953)

• Saudi Arabia (complete list) –

• Ibn Saud, Emir (1902–1921), Sultan (1921–1927), King (1926–1953)

Syria

• Arab Kingdom of Syria

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Faisal I, King (1920)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rida Pasha al-Rikabi, Prime minister (1920)
• Hashim al-Atassi, Acting Prime minister (1920)
• Ala al-Din al-Durubi Basha, Prime minister (1920)
• Jamil al-Ulshi, Prime minister (1920)

• First Syrian Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Shukri al-Quwatli, President (1945–1949)
• Husni al-Za'im, President (1949)
• Sami al-Hinnawi, Acting President (1949)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Saadallah al-Jabiri, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Khalid al-Azm, Acting Prime minister (1946)
• Jamil Mardam Bey, Prime minister (1946–1948)
• Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1948–1949)
• Husni al-Za'im, Prime minister (1949)
• Muhsin al-Barazi, Prime minister (1949)

• Second Syrian Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hashim al-Atassi, President (1949–1951)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hashim al-Atassi, Prime minister (1949)
• Nazim al-Kudsi, Prime minister (1949)
• Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1949–1950)
• Nazim al-Kudsi, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Turkey

• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire

• Sultans –

• Abdul Hamid II, Sultan (1876–1909)
• Mehmed V, Sultan (1909–1918)
• Mehmed VI, Sultan (1918–1922)

• Grand Viziers –

• Halil Rifat Pasha, Grand Vizier (1895–1901)
• Mehmed Said Pasha, Grand Vizier (1901–1903)
• Mehmed Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1903–1908)
• Mehmed Said Pasha, Grand Vizier (1908)
• Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1908–1909)
• Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha, Grand Vizier (1909)
• Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Grand Vizier (1909)
• Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha, Grand Vizier (1909–1910)
• Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, Grand Vizier (1910–1911)
• Mehmed Said Pasha, Grand Vizier (1911–1912)
• Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Grand Vizier (1912)
• Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier (1912–1913)
• Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Grand Vizier (1913)
• Said Halim Pasha, Grand Vizier (1913–1917)
• Mehmed Talat Pasha, Grand Vizier (1917–1918)
• Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Grand Vizier (1918)
• Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Grand Vizier (1918–1919)
• Damat Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1919)
• Ali Rıza Pasha, Grand Vizier (1919–1920)
• Salih Hulusi Pasha, Grand Vizier (1920)
• Damat Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier (1920)
• Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Grand Vizier (1920–1922)

• Republic of Ararat –

• Ibrahim Haski,^[20] President (1927–1930)

• Ankara Government of Turkey (1920–1923)

• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• Fevzi Çakmak, Prime minister (1921–1922)
• Rauf Orbay, Prime minister (1922–1923)
• Fethi Okyar, Prime minister (1923)

• Republic of Turkey

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, President (1923–1938)
• İsmet İnönü, President (1938–1950)
• Celâl Bayar, President (1950–1960)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• İsmet İnönü, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Fethi Okyar, Prime minister (1924–1925)
• İsmet İnönü, Prime minister (1925–1937)
• Celâl Bayar, Prime minister (1937–1939)
• Refik Saydam, Prime minister (1939–1942)
• Ahmet Fikri Tüzer, Acting Prime minister (1942)
• Şükrü Saracoğlu, Prime minister (1942–1946)
• Recep Peker, Prime minister (1946–1947)
• Hasan Saka, Prime minister (1947–1949)
• Şemsettin Günaltay, Prime minister (1949–1950)
• Adnan Menderes, Prime minister (1950–1960)

United Arab Emirates: Trucial States

• Emirate of Abu Dhabi –

• Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, ruler (1855–1909)
• Tahnun bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ruler (1909–1912)
• Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ruler (1912–1922)
• Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ruler (1922–1926)
• Saqr bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ruler (1926–1928)
• Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan, ruler (1928–1966)

• Emirate of Dubai –

• Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum, ruler (1894–1906)
• Butti bin Suhail Al Maktoum, ruler (1906–1912)
• Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum, ruler (1912–1958)

• Emirate of Sharjah –

• Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi, ruler (1883–1914)
• Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi, ruler (1914–1924)
• Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi II, ruler (1924–1951)

• Emirate of Ajman –

• Abdulaziz bin Humaid Al Nuaimi, ruler (1900–1910)
• Humaid bin Abdulaziz Al Nuaimi, ruler (1910–1928)
• Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi III, ruler (1928–1981)

• Umm Al Quwain –

• Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla, ruler (1873–1904)
• Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla, ruler (1904–1922)
• Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II, ruler (1922–1923)
• Hamad bin Ibrahim Al Mualla, ruler (1923–1929)
• Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla, ruler (1929–1981)

• Emirate of Fujairah –

• Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi, ruler (1879–1936)^[21]
• Saif bin Hamad Al Sharqi, ruler (1936–1938)
• Mohammed bin Hamad Al Sharqi, ruler (1938–1975)^[22]

• Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah –

• Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi, ruler (1900–1914)
• Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi, ruler (1914–1921)
• Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi, ruler (1921–1948)
• Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, ruler (1948–2010)

Yemen: North

• North Yemen: Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen

• Kings (complete list) –

• Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King (1918–1948)
• Ahmad bin Yahya, King (1948–1962)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ibrahim bin Yahya Hamid al-Din, Prime minister (1948)
• Ali ibn Abdullah al-Wazir, Prime minister (1948)
• Hassan ibn Yahya, Prime minister (1948–1955)

Yemen: South

• Colony of Aden (complete list) –

British Colony, 1937–1963

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

• Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (complete list) –

• 'Amm Rassas ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (1890–1902)
• Muhsin ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (1902–1959)

• Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (complete list) –

• Salih ibn 'Abd Allah, Sultan (1887–1935)
• 'Awad ibn Salih al-'Awlaqi, Sultan (1935–1967)

• Wahidi Balhaf of Ba´l Haf and 'Azzan (complete list) –

• Salih ibn 'Abd Allah al-Wahidi, Sultan (1893–1904)
• Muhsin ibn Salih al-Wahidi (2nd time), Sultan (1904–1919)
• 'Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1919–1948)
• 'Ali ibn Muhsin al-Wahidi (uncertain), Sultan (1948)
• Nasir ibn 'Abd Allah al-Wahidi, Sultan (1948–1967)

• Emirate of Beihan (complete list) –

• Muhsin, Amir (?–1903)
• Sharif Ahmad Muhsin Al Habieli, Amir (1903–1935)

• Emirate of Dhala (complete list) –

• Sha´if ibn Sayf al-'Amiri, Emir (1886–1911)
• Nasir ibn Sha'if al-'Amiri, Emir (1911–1920, 1928–1947)
• Haydara ibn Nasir al-'Amiri, Emir (1920–1928)
• 'Ali ibn 'Ali al-'Amiri, Emir (1947–1954)

• Wahidi Haban (complete list) –

• Nasir ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1885–1919)
• al-Husayn ibn 'Ali al-Wahidi, Sultan (1919–?)

• Kathiri (complete list) –

• al-Mansur ibn Ghalib al-Kathir, Sultan (1880–1929)
• 'Ali ibn al-Mansur al-Kathir, Sultan (1929–1938)
• Dscha'far ibn al-Mansur al-Kathir, Sultan (1938–1949)
• al-Husain ibn 'Ali al-Kathir, Sultan (1949–1967)

• Sultanate of Lahej –

• Ahmad III ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1898–1914)
• 'Ali II ibn Ahmad al-'Abdali, Sultan (1914–1915)
• 'Abd al-Karim II ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1915–1947)
• al-Fadl V ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1947–1952)

• Mahra Sultanate –

• 'Ali ibn 'Abd Allah Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (late-19th century–1907)
• 'Abd Allah ibn 'Isa Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (1907–early-20th century)
• Ahmad ibn 'Abd Allah Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-20th century–1952)

• Lower Yafa –

• Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al-Afifi, ruler (1899–1916)
• Muhsin II ibn Ali al-Afifi, ruler (1916–1925)
• Aydarus ibn Muhsin al-Afifi, ruler (1925–1958)

• Upper Yafa –

• Qahtan ibn 'Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara, Sultan (1895–1903)
• Salih ibn 'Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara, Sultan (1903–1913, 1919–1927)
• 'Umar ibn Qahtan ibn 'Umar Al Harhara, Sultan (1913–1919)
• Umar ibn Salih ibn 'Umar Al Harhara, Sultan (1927–1948)
• Muhammad ibn Salih ibn 'Umar Al Harhara, Sultan (1948–1967)

Albania

• Independent Albania / Provisional Government

• President (complete list) –

• Ismail Kemal, President (1912–1914)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ismail Kemal, Prime minister (1912–1914)
• Fejzi Alizoti, Prime minister (1914)

• Principality of Albania

• President (complete list) –

• Wilhelm, Prince (1914), Prince in exile (1914–1925)
• Italian protectorate over Albania, 1917–1920

• Turhan Përmeti, Chairman of the Provisional Government (1918–1920)

• Sulejman Delvina, Chairman of the Provisional Government (1920)
• High Council of Regency, Head of State (1920–1925)
• Fan S. Noli, Acting for the High Council (1924)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Turhan Përmeti, Prime minister (1914)
• Essad Pasha Toptani, Prime minister (1914–1916)
• Turhan Përmeti, Prime minister (1918–1920)
• Sulejman Delvina, Prime minister (1920)
• Iliaz Vrioni, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• Pandeli Evangjeli, Prime minister (1921)
• Qazim Koculi, Interim Prime minister (1921)
• Hasan Prishtina, Prime minister (1921)
• Idhomene Kosturi, Interim Prime minister (1921)
• Omer Pasha Vrioni II, Prime minister (1921)
• Xhafer Bej Ypi, Prime minister (1921–1922)
• Ahmet Zogu, Prime Minister (1922–1924)
• Shefqet Vërlaci, Prime Minister (1924)
• Iliaz Vrioni, Prime Minister (1924)
• Fan S. Noli, Prime Minister (1924)
• Iliaz Vrioni, Prime Minister (1924–1925)
• Ahmet Zogu, Prime minister (1925)

• Albanian Republic (complete list) –

• Ahmet Zogu (Zogu I), President (1925–1928), King (1928–1939)

• Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)

• King (complete list) –

• Zogu I (Ahmet Zogu), President (1925–1928), King (1928–1939)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kostaq Kota, Prime minister (1928–1930)
• Pandeli Evangjeli, Prime minister (1930–1935)
• Mehdi Frashëri, Prime minister (1935–1936)
• Kostaq Kota, Prime minister (1936–1939)

• Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)

• King (complete list) –

• Victor Emmanuel III, King (1939–1943)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Shefqet Vërlaci, Prime minister (1939–1941)
• Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, Prime minister (1941–1943)
• Eqrem Libohova, Prime minister (1943)
• Maliq Bushati, Prime minister (1943)
• Eqrem Libohova, Prime minister (1943)

• German occupation of Albania

• King (complete list) –

• Mehdi Frashëri, Regent (1943–1944)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ibrahim Biçakçiu, Prime minister (1943)
• Mehdi Frashëri, Prime minister (1943)
• Rexhep Mitrovica, Prime minister (1943–1944)
• Fiqri Dine, Prime minister (1944)
• Ibrahim Biçakçiu, Prime minister (1944)

• People's Socialist Republic of Albania

• First Secretaries (complete list) –

• Enver Hoxha, First Secretary (1941–1985): Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946)

• Chairman (complete list) –

• Omer Nishani, Chairman (1944–1953): Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Enver Hoxha, Prime minister (1944–1954): Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946)

Bulgaria

• Principality of Bulgaria

• Princes (complete list) –

• Ferdinand I, Prince (1887–1908), Tsar (1908–1918)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Todor Ivanchov, Prime minister (1899–1901)
• Racho Petrov, Prime minister (1901)
• Petko Karavelov, Prime minister (1880–1881, 1884–1886, 1886, 1901–1902)
• Stoyan Danev, Prime minister (1902–1903)
• Racho Petrov, Prime minister (1903–1906)
• Dimitar Petkov, Prime minister (1906–1907)
• Dimitar Stanchov, Interim Prime minister (1907)
• Petar Gudev, Prime minister (1907–1908)

• Kingdom of Bulgaria

• Tsars (complete list) –

• Ferdinand I, Prince (1887–1908), Tsar (1908–1918)
• Boris III, Tsar (1918–1943)
• Simeon II, Tsar (1943–1946)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Aleksandar Malinov, Prime minister (1908–1911)
• Ivan Evstratiev Geshov, Prime minister (1911–1913)
• Stoyan Danev, Prime minister (1913)
• Vasil Radoslavov, Prime minister (1886–1887, 1913–1918)
• Aleksandar Malinov, Prime minister (1918)
• Teodor Teodorov, Prime minister (1918–1919)
• Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Prime minister (1919–1923)
• Aleksandar Tsankov, Prime minister (1923–1926)
• Andrey Lyapchev, Prime minister (1926–1931)
• Aleksandar Malinov, Prime minister (1931)
• Nikola Mushanov, Prime minister (1931–1934)
• Kimon Georgiev, Prime minister (1934–1935)
• Pencho Zlatev, Prime minister (1935)
• Andrey Toshev, Prime minister (1935)
• Georgi Kyoseivanov, Prime minister (1935–1940)
• Bogdan Filov, Prime minister (1940–1943)
• Petur Gabrovski, Interim Prime minister (1943)
• Dobri Bozhilov, Prime minister (1943–1944)
• Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov, Prime minister (1944)
• Konstantin Muraviev, Prime minister (1944)
• Kimon Georgiev, Prime minister (1944–1946)

• People's Republic of Bulgaria

• General Secretary (complete list) –

• Georgi Dimitrov, General Secretary (1946–1949)
• Valko Chervenkov, General Secretary (1949–1954)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vasil Kolarov, Chairman of the Provisional Presidency of Bulgaria (1946–1947)
• Mincho Neychev, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (1947–1950)
• Georgi Damyanov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (1950–1958)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Georgi Dimitrov, Prime Minister (1946–1949)
• Vasil Kolarov, Prime Minister (1949–1950)
• Vulko Chervenkov, Prime Minister (1950–1956)

Greece

• Kingdom of Greece

• Monarchy (complete list) –

• George I, King (1863–1913)
• Constantine I, King (1913–1917)
• Alexander, King (1917–1920)
• Pavlos Kountouriotis, Regent (1920)
• Olga Constantinovna, Regent (1920)
• Constantine I, King (1920–1922)
• George II, King (1922–1924)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Georgios Theotokis, Prime minister (1899–1901)
• Alexandros Zaimis, Prime minister (1897–1899, 1901–1902)
• Theodoros Diligiannis, Prime minister (1902–1903)
• Georgios Theotokis, Prime minister (1903)
• Dimitrios Rallis, Prime minister (1903)
• Georgios Theotokis, Prime minister (1903–1904)
• Theodoros Diligiannis, Prime minister (1904–1905)
• Dimitrios Rallis, Prime minister (1905)
• Georgios Theotokis, Prime minister (1905–1909)
• Dimitrios Rallis, Prime minister (1909)
• Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis, Prime minister (1909–1910)
• Stephanos Dragoumis, Prime minister (1910)
• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime minister (1910–1915)
• Dimitrios Gounaris, Prime minister (1915)
• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime minister (1915)
• Alexandros Zaimis, Prime minister (1915)
• Stephanos Skouloudis, Prime minister (1915–1916)
• Alexandros Zaimis, Prime minister (1916)
• Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos, Prime minister (1916)
• Spyridon Lambros, Prime minister (1916–1917)
• Alexandros Zaimis, Prime minister (1917)
• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime minister (1917–1920)
• Dimitrios Rallis, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos, Prime minister (1921)
• Dimitrios Gounaris, Prime minister (1921–1922)
• Nikolaos Stratos, Prime minister (1922)
• Petros Protopapadakis, Prime minister (1922)
• Nikolaos Triantafyllakos, Prime minister (1922)
• Anastasios Charalambis, Prime minister (1922)
• Sotirios Krokidas, Prime minister (1922)
• Stylianos Gonatas, Prime minister (1922–1924)
• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime minister (1924)
• Georgios Kafantaris, Prime minister (1924)

• Cretan State –

Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire, establishment by the Great Powers, 1898–1913

• High Commissioners

• Prince George of Greece, High Commissioner, (1898–1906)
• Alexandros Zaimis, High Commissioner, (1906–1911)

• Prime Ministers

• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister (1910)

• Second Hellenic Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Pavlos Kountouriotis, President (1924–1926)
• Theodoros Pangalos, President (1926)
• Pavlos Kountouriotis, President (1926–1929)
• Alexandros Zaimis, President (1929–1935)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Alexandros Papanastasiou, Prime minister (1924)
• Themistoklis Sofoulis, Prime minister (1924)
• Andreas Michalakopoulos, Prime minister (1924–1925)
• Theodoros Pangalos, Prime minister (1925–1926)
• Athanasios Eftaxias, Prime minister (1926)
• Georgios Kondylis, Caretaker Prime minister (1926)
• Alexandros Zaimis, Prime minister (1926–1928)
• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime minister (1928–1932)
• Alexandros Papanastasiou, Prime minister (1932)
• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime minister (1932)
• Panagis Tsaldaris, Prime minister (1932–1933)
• Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime minister (1933)
• Alexandros Othonaios, Interim Prime minister (1933)
• Panagis Tsaldaris, Prime minister (1933–1935)

• Kingdom of Greece: 4th of August Regime

• Monarchy (complete list) –

• Georgios Kondylis, Regent (1935–1944)
• George II, King (1935–1947)
• Damaskinos, Regent (1944–1946)
• Paul, King (1947–1964)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Georgios Kondylis, Prime minister (1935)
• Konstantinos Demertzis, Prime minister (1935–1936)
• Ioannis Metaxas, Prime minister (1936–1941)
• Alexandros Koryzis, Prime minister (1941)
• Emmanouil Tsouderos, Prime minister (1941), government-in-exile Prime minister (1941–1944)
• Sofoklis Venizelos, government-in-exile Prime minister (1944)
• Evripidis Bakirtzis, head of government (1944) Mountain Government
• Alexandros Svolos, head of government (1944) Mountain Government
• Georgios Papandreou, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Nikolaos Plastiras, Prime minister (1945)
• Petros Voulgaris, Prime minister (1945)
• Damaskinos of Athens, Prime minister (1945)
• Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Prime minister (1945)
• Themistoklis Sofoulis, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Panagiotis Poulitsas, Interim Prime minister (1946)
• Konstantinos Tsaldaris, Prime minister (1946–1947)
• Dimitrios Maximos, Prime minister (1947)
• Konstantinos Tsaldaris, Prime minister (1947)
• Themistoklis Sofoulis, Prime minister (1947–1949)
• Alexandros Diomidis, Prime minister (1949–1950)
• Ioannis Theotokis, caretaker Prime minister (1950)
• Sofoklis Venizelos, Prime minister (1950)
• Nikolaos Plastiras, Prime minister (1950)
• Sofoklis Venizelos, Prime minister (1950–1951)

Yugoslavia

Serbia & Yugoslavia

• Kingdom of Serbia / Yugoslavia: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia

• Monarchs (Serbia / Yugoslavia) –

• Alexander of Serbia, King (1889–1903)
• Peter I, King (1903–1921)
• Alexander of Yugoslavia, Prince Regent (1918–1921), King (1921–1934)
• Paul, Prince Regent (1934–1941)
• Peter II, King (1934–1945)

• Presidents of the ministry: Serbia (complete list) –

• Aleksa Jovanović, President of the ministry (1900–1901)
• Mihailo Vujić, President of the ministry (1901–1902)
• Petar Velimirović, President of the ministry (1902)
• Dimitrije Cincar-Marković, President of the ministry (1902–1903)
• Jovan Avakumović, President of the ministerial council (1903)
• Sava Grujić, Prime minister (1903–1904)
• Nikola Pašić, Prime minister (1904–1905)
• Ljubomir Stojanović, Prime minister (1905–1906)
• Sava Grujić, Prime minister (1906)
• Nikola Pašić, Prime minister (1906–1908)
• Petar Velimirović, Prime minister (1908–1909)
• Stojan Novaković, Prime minister (1909)
• Nikola Pašić, Prime minister (1909–1911)
• Milovan Milovanović, Prime minister (1911–1912)
• Marko Trifković, Prime minister (1912)
• Nikola Pašić, Prime minister (1912–1918)

• Prime ministers: Yugoslavia (complete list) –

• Nikola Pašić, Acting Prime minister (1918)
• Stojan Protić, Prime minister (1918–1919)
• Ljubomir Davidović, Prime minister (1919–1920)
• Stojan Protić, Prime minister (1920)
• Milenko Radomar Vesnić, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• Nikola Pašić, Prime minister (1921–1924)
• Ljubomir Davidović, Prime minister (1924)
• Nikola Pašić, Prime minister (1924–1926)
• Nikola Uzunović, Prime minister (1926–1927)
• Velimir Vukićević, Prime minister (1927–1928)
• Anton Korošec, Prime minister (1928–1929)
• Petar Živković, Prime minister (1929–1932)
• Vojislav Marinković, Prime minister (1932)
• Milan Srškić, Prime minister (1932–1934)
• Nikola Uzunović, Prime minister (1934)
• Bogoljub Jevtić, Prime minister (1934–1935)
• Milan Stojadinović, Prime minister (1935–1939)
• Dragiša Cvetković, Prime minister (1939–1941)

• Yugoslavia: Democratic Federal Yugoslavia

• Chairman of the Presidency of the National Assembly/ AVNOJ (complete list) –

• Ivan Ribar, Chairman of the Presidency (1945–1953)

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Peter II, King (1934–1945)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Josip Broz Tito, Prime minister (1941–1963)

• Yugoslavia: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

• General Secretary (complete list) –

• Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary (1945–1964), President of the Presidium (1964–1980)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ivan Ribar, Chairman of the Presidency (1945–1953)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Josip Broz Tito, Prime minister (1941–1963)

Croatia

• Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (complete list) –

part of the Habsburg monarchy, also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown

• Franz Joseph, King (1848–1916)

• Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia

part of the Austrian Empire

• Kings (complete list) –

• Franz Joseph, King (1848–1916)
• Charles I, King (1916–1918)

• Bans (complete list) –

• Karoly Khuen-Héderváry, Ban (1883–1903)
• Teodor Pejačević, Ban (1907)
• Aleksandar Rakodczaj, Ban (1907–1908)
• Pavao Rauch, Ban (1908–1910)
• Nikola Tomašić, Ban (1910–1912)
• Slavko Cuvaj, Ban (1912–1913)
• Ivan Skerlecz, Ban (1913–1917)
• Antun Mihalović, Ban (1917–1919)

• Free State of Fiume –

• Riccardo Zanella, President (1921–1922)
• Giovanni Giuriati, President (1922–1923)
• Gaetano Giardino, Military Governor (1923–1924)

• Independent State of Croatia

Puppet state of Nazi Germany and Italy within occupied Yugoslavia

• Heads of State (complete list) –

• Tomislav II,^[23] King (1941–1943)
• Ante Pavelić, Poglavnik (1943–1945)

• Heads of Government (complete list) –

• Ante Pavelić, Prime Minister/President of the Government (1941–1943)
• Nikcorrectedola Mandić, Prime Minister/President of the Government (1943–1945)

Kosovo

• Kosovo Vilayet (complete list) –

administrative division of the Ottoman Empire, under Austro-Hungarian occupation 1878–1913

• Reshad Bey Pasha, Governor (1900–1902)
• Abeddin Pasha, Governor (1902–1903)
• Shakir Pasha Numan, Governor (1903–1904)
• Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Governor (1905–1907)
• Hadi Pasha, Governor (1908)
• Mazhar Bey Pasha, Governor (1909–1910)
• Halil Bey Pasha, Governor (1911)
• Ghalib Pasha, Governor (1912)

Montenegro

• Principality of Montenegro

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Nikola I, Sovereign prince (1860–1910), King (1910–1918)

• Presidents of the ministerial council (complete list) –

• Božo Petrović-Njegoš, President (1879–1905)
• Lazar Mijušković, President (1905–1906)
• Marko Radulović, President (1906–1907)
• Andrija Radović, President (1907)
• Lazar Tomanović, President (1907–1910)

• Kingdom of Montenegro

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Nikola I, Sovereign prince (1860–1910), King (1910–1918)

• Presidents of the ministerial council (complete list) –

• Lazar Tomanović, President (1910–1912)
• Mitar Martinović, President (1912–1913)
• Janko Vukotić, President (1913–1915)
• Milo Matanović, President (1915–1916)
• Lazar Mijušković, President in-exile (1916)
• Andrija Radović, President in-exile (1916–1917)
• Milo Matanović, President in-exile (1917)
• Evgenije Popović, President in-exile (1917–1919)
• Anto Gvozdenović, President in-exile (1919–1921)
• Jovan Plamenac, President in-exile (1921–1922)
• Milutin Vučinić, President in-exile (1922)
• Anto Gvozdenović, President in-exile (1922)

Estonia

• Estonian Provisional Government

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Konstantin Päts, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1918), Prime minister (1918–1919)
• Otto Strandman, Prime minister (1919)

• Republic of Estonia

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Ants Piip, State Elder (1920–1921)
• Konstantin Päts, State Elder (1921–1922)
• Juhan Kukk, State Elder (1922–1923)
• Konstantin Päts, State Elder (1923–1924)
• Friedrich Akel, State Elder (1924)
• Jüri Jaakson, State Elder (1924–1925)
• Jaan Teemant, State Elder (1925–1927)
• Jaan Tõnisson, State Elder (1927–1928)
• August Rei, State Elder (1928–1929)
• Otto Strandman, State Elder (1929–1931)
• Konstantin Päts, State Elder (1931–1932)
• Jaan Teemant, State Elder (1932)
• Kaarel Eenpalu, State Elder (1932)
• Konstantin Päts, State Elder (1932–1933)
• Jaan Tõnisson, State Elder (1933)
• Konstantin Päts, State Elder (1933–1934)
• Prime ministers in Duties of the State Elder (1934–1937)
• Konstantin Päts, President-Regent (1937–1938)
• Konstantin Päts, President (1938–1940)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Otto Strandman, Prime minister (1919)
• Jaan Tõnisson, Prime minister (1919–1920)
• Ado Birk, Prime minister (1920)
• Jaan Tõnisson, Prime minister (1920)
• Ants Piip, Prime minister (1920)
• Konstantin Päts, Prime minister (1934–1937)
• Kaarel Eenpalu, Prime minister (1938–1939)
• Jüri Uluots, Prime minister (1939–1945)
• Otto Tief, Prime minister (1945–1963)

Latvia

• Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic –

• Pēteris Stučka, Chairman (1918–1920)

• Republic of Latvia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Jānis Čakste, Acting President (1918–1922), President (1922–1927)
• Gustavs Zemgals, President (1927–1930)
• Alberts Kviesis, President (1930–1936)
• Kārlis Ulmanis, President (1936–1940)
• Kārlis Ulmanis, President (1936–1940)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime minister (1918–1921)
• Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics, Prime minister (1921–1923)
• Jānis Pauļuks, Prime minister (1923)
• Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Voldemārs Zāmuēls, Prime minister (1924)
• Hugo Celmiņš, Prime minister (1924–1925)
• Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime minister (1925–1926)
• Arturs Alberings, Prime minister (1926)
• Marģers Skujenieks, Prime minister (1926–1928)
• Pēteris Juraševskis, Prime minister (1928)
• Hugo Celmiņš, Prime minister (1928–1931)
• Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime minister (1931)
• Marģers Skujenieks, Prime minister (1931–1933)
• Ādolfs Bļodnieks, Prime minister (1933–1934)
• Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime minister (1934–1940)